山东省临沂市2023届高三英语二模试题（Word版附解析）

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟)英语2023.5本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHereisashortenedlistofbooksplannedbyTIMEandTIMEforKidsthataresuitableforelementaryschoolers.Tomakethelist,weaskedforsubmissionsfromclimateandeducationexperts.Wethenconsideredhowage-appropriatethematerialwas,andwhetherthetoneandstorylineleftthereaderfeelingengagedandempowered-ratherthananxiousoroverwhelmed.WEAREWATERPROTECTORSByCaroleLindstrom;illustratedbyMichaelaGoadeAtribute(致敬)tonativetribesthatareprotectingtheplanet,thisbookmetaphoricallyshowstheharmsofoilpipelines.Kidswillseethevalueofcommunityaction,whileadultswillrecognizethestoryoftheStandingRockSioux’sfightagainsttheDakotaAccessPipeline.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWINDByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer;illustratedbyElizabethZunonThepicture-bookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor’steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedrought-aninspiringtaleforfutureclean-energyengineers.THELORAXByDr.SeussThankstoitsrhymeandfancifulillustrations,thisclassictaleissuitableforyoungchildrenwhocangraspthescarcityofnaturalresources,andalsoolderkidswhocanseeadangerinvaluingprofitsoverlong-termenvironmentalharm.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURSByDavidMiles;illustratedbyAlbertPinillaEveryleftpagedefinesaclimate-changeissuewhileeveryrightpagefeaturesaspinwheel,givingkidsthe“choice”ofhowwecaneitheraddresstheproblemorworsenit. 1.Whosebookwillyoupreferifyouwanttobeawindenergyengineer?A.BryanMealer.B.DavidMiles.C.MichaelaGoade.D.Dr.Seuss.2.Whichbookguidesreaderstomakeoptionsaboutenviornmentprotection?A.THELORAX.B.WEAREWATERPROTECTORS.C.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND.D.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS.3.Whatdothefourbookshaveincommon?A.Theyareintendedforkidsinthekindergarten.BTheplotsaremysteriousandgetthereadersinvolved.C.Theirmaterialsareeditedbyclimateandeducationexperts.D.Theyareaboutenvironmentprotectionandhavepicturesattached.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四本书籍的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND部分中“ByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer;illustratedbyElizabethZunon(WilliamKamkwamba和BryanMealer著；ElizabethZunon绘制)”以及“Thepicture-bookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor’steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedrought-aninspiringtaleforfutureclean-energyengineers.(这本回忆录的图画书版本讲述了作者十几岁时在极端干旱期间用废料建造风车的经历——这对未来的清洁能源工程师来说是一个鼓舞人心的故事)”可知，如果你想成为一名风能工程师，你会更喜欢BryanMealer的书。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS部分中“Everyleftpagedefinesaclimate-changeissuewhileeveryrightpagefeaturesaspinwheel,givingkidsthe“choice”ofhowwecaneitheraddresstheproblemorworsenit.(每一页左边都定义了一个气候变化问题，而每一页右边都有一个转轮，让孩子们“选择”我们是解决问题还是恶化问题)”可知，CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS引导读者对环境保护做出选择。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Tomakethelist,weaskedforsubmissionsfromclimateandeducationexperts.(为了制作这份榜单，我们征求了气候和教育专家的意见)”；第一部分“illustratedbyMichaelaGoade(MichaelaGoade插图)”；第二部分“illustratedbyElizabethZunon(插图ElizabethZunon)”；第三部分“Thankstoits rhymeandfancifulillustrations,thisclassictaleissuitableforyoungchildrenwhocangraspthescarcityofnaturalresources,andalsoolderkidswhocanseeadangerinvaluingprofitsoverlong-termenvironmentalharm.(由于它的韵律和奇特的插图，这个经典的故事适合年幼的孩子，他们可以理解自然资源的稀缺性，也适合大一点的孩子，他们可以看到利润比长期环境危害更重要的危险)”以及第四部分“illustratedbyAlbertPinilla(AlbertPinilla插图)”可知，这四本书的共同点是它们是关于环境保护的，并附有图片。故选D。BOnatramsmoothlypullingintotheheartofLuxembourgCity,Marckgivesasmileandtakesalookatthefabricoftheseatnexttohim.Forhim,thecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand,perhaps,changingtheworld.MarckisthedirectorgeneralofLuxtram,Luxembourg’smoderntrams.Itfirststartedrunningservicestwoyearsago.Nextyear,Luxembourgwillbecometheworld’sonlycountrytogetridoffaresonallitsformsofpublictransport.Luxembourg’strafficproblemscomefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday,whenmorethan110,000peopletravelinandout.Afterthreedecadeswhenitsroadshavebecomesocrowded,Luxembourgisgoingtodosomethingremarkable.Freefares,andaplantopersuadepeopletoswitchfromcarstotramsortrains.Marck,alongwithmanyothers,isexcitedtoseewhathappensnext.“Thefactthatthisisfreemeansthateveryonecanuseit—youngorold,richorpoor,”hesaid.“Everyonecansaytothemselvesit’sbettertoleavethecarathome.Wemustcontinuetoimproveandextendthenetwork.Itmustalwaysbecomfortable,well-connected,efficient.”LydiePolfer,thecity’smayor,saysshehopestoreachthepointwheremorethanathirdofpeoplecomeintothecityusingpublictransport—atthemoment,it’slessthanoneinfive.Shesaid,“It’snotpracticaltobancarsbecausesomepeople,liketheelderly,needthem.Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituation.ThereisanexpressioninGerman—youarenotinthetrafficjam—youarethetrafficjam,andthatistrue.Ithinkthatmakingitfreewillbethebiggestargumentsforpeopletousepublictransport.”4.WhydoesMarckthinkthecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport?AThetramsarehisgoalthathestrivesfor.B.Therearemoremeansoftransportationthantrams.C.City’stramsbringmorechangesbeyondtransport.D.ThetramsaretheheartofLuxembourgCitytransportsystem.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecauseofthetrafficproblems.B.Themeansofpublictransport. C.Thedevelopmentofrunningservices.D.Theincreaseofworkingpopulation.6.Whatconcernspeoplemostwhenusingthepublictransport?A.Theconvenience.B.Thefare.C.Thecomfort.D.Theefficiency.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatLydiePolfersaid?A.Theelderlyneedn’tusepublictransport.B.It’spossibletopersuademostpeopletousethetrams.C.Everyonecandohisparttoimprovetransportsituation.D.Thosewhodon’ttakepublictransportcausetrafficjams.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。明年，卢森堡将成为世界上唯一一个对所有形式的公共交通免收车费的国家。文章解释了这一举措背后的原因以及意义。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Forhim,thecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand,perhaps,changingtheworld.(对他来说，这座城市的有轨电车不仅仅是交通工具。甚至超过了他工作的重心。它们改变他的国家，也许改变世界)”可知，Marck认为城市的有轨电车不仅仅是交通工具，也带来了超越交通的更多地改变。故选C。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Luxembourg’strafficproblemscomefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday,whenmorethan110,000peopletravelinandout.(卢森堡的交通问题来自于它的工人大军。首都的人口在工作日几乎翻倍，每天有超过11万人进出)”可知，第二段主要讲了交通问题的原因。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ithinkthatmakingitfreewillbethebiggestargumentsforpeopletousepublictransport.(我认为免费使用它将是人们使用公共交通工具的最大理由。)”可知，人们在使用公共交通工具时最关心的是车费。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段LydiePolfer说的“Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituation.ThereisanexpressioninGerman—youarenotinthetrafficjam—youarethetrafficjam,andthatistrue.(但每个人都必须意识到，他或她可以做些什么来改善这种情况。德语中有句话——你不在交通堵塞中——你就是交通堵塞，这是真的)”可推知，LydiePolfer认为每个人都可以尽自己的一份 力量来改善交通状况。故选C。CHaveyoueverwishedyoucouldbebetterorganisedormoresociable?Perhapsyou’reaconstantworrier,andyou’dprefertobealittlemorecarefree?Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwo-thirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.Ourgenesalmostcertainlyplayarole:it’swhypeople’spersonalitiesoftenreflecttheirbiologicalparents’ones.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentwasthoughttoendinearlyadulthood,asthebrainreachedmaturity.Ifthisweretrue,itwouldn’tbepossibletoshiftpersonalityatwill.YetthatisexactlywhatpsychologyprofessorNathanHudsonandhiscolleagueshaveshownwithaseriesofgroundbreakingstudies.Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.Theaimisforthethinkingpatternsandbehaviourstheygeneratetobecomehabitual.Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallycompletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants’personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webecomewhatwerepeatedlydo.Theunexpectedplasticityofourmindsshouldbegoodnewsforanyonewhowishestheywereabitmoresociable,organised,orhappy-go-lucky.Anotherpotentialbenefitisthatawarenessofthisresearchcouldhelpimprovementalhealth.8.Whyis“leopard”mentionedinparagraph2?A.Toexplainthatourmindsconsistofvirtuesandflaws.B.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenleopardsandhumanbeings.C.Toproveapossibilitythatpeoplecanchangetheirpersonality.D.Todemonstratethepreviousbeliefthatpersonalitiesremainfixed.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“interventions”? A.Thetwotrialsreacheddifferentconclusions.B.Activitiesaretailoredtospecificpersonalitites.C.Thepurposeistobetterpeople’spersonalities.D.People’spersonalitiescanbechangedbutcan’tlast.10.WhathasNathanHudson’steamshownthroughtheirstudies?A.Thepreviousexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewasconfirmed.B.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentendswhenthebrainmatures.C.Thedesiretochangesomeelementsofourpersonalitycanbeachieved.D.Ourgenesplayagreaterroleinourpersonalitythansocialenvironment.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WeAreWhatWeDoB.HabitsMakeThingsEasierCYourPersonalityIsNotSetInStoneD.ALeopardNeverChangesItsSpots【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义：对于那些希望自己更善于交际、更有条理或更随遇而安的人来说，我们大脑意想不到的可塑性应该是个好消息。另一个潜在的好处是，意识到这项研究可以帮助改善心理健康。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwo-thirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.(许多调查显示，至少三分之二人想要改变他们性格中的某些元素。在过去，这样的愿望似乎是无法实现的。就像谚语所说的“江山易改本性难移”一样，我们的优点和缺点被认为是编织在我们的思想结构中)”可推知，在第二段提到了“豹”是为了证明先前的观点，即人格是固定的。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.(在他们的研究中，干预通常包括安排反映人们希望采用的个性的定期活动。例如，一个安静的人希望变得更外向，他的目标可能是每周向陌生人介绍自己一次，或者在当地超市与收银员闲聊一次)”可推知，活动是为特定的个性量身定制的。故选B。 【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallycompletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants’personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webecomewhatwerepeatedlydo.(在第一次试验中，如果参与者确实完成了这些安排好的任务，他们的性格就会朝着预期的方向转变。在随后的试验中也可以看到同样令人兴奋的结果。实验结束三个月后，参与者在干预前后的性格差异仍然很明显。正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么)”可知，内森·哈德森的团队通过他们的研究表明了改变我们个性的某些元素的愿望是可以实现的。故选C。11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.(然而，最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子)”可知，文章主要介绍了最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子，C选项“你的性格不是一成不变的”最符合文章标题。故选C。DYoumayhavewonderedhowlavenderisusedforsocialanxiety.Butfirst,justwhatislavender?Lavender,alsoknownasEnglishorgardenlavender,isaherbnativetotheMediterraneanregion.Historically,lavenderwasusedtomummifybodiesinEgypt,inbathsinGreeceandRome,andforcuringthebrokenskinandmentalhealthpurposes.Today,lavenderisusedasatraditionalorcomplementaryremedyforrelaxation,toreduceanxiety,anddepression,aswellasfordiseasessuchasstomachupsetandheadaches.Noscientificstudieshavespecificallyexaminedthebenefitsoflavenderuseforsocialanxietydisorder.Ina2000study,CookandErnstreportedthatingeneral,aromatherapy(芳香疗法)ishelpfulinreducinganxietyandstressintheshort-term.A2012studyalsoshowedsomeevidenceoftheusefulnessoflavendertakenforanxiety.Moreresearchisneededtosupporttheuseoflavenderforthetreatmentofsocialanxietydisorder.Lavenderisusuallyusedintheformofanessentialoilaspartofaromatherapy.Thescentisinhaled,ortheoilisappliedtotheskin,whichwillbenefittheanxiouspeoplequickly.Driedlavendercanalsobeusedtomakeateaorliquidextract.Lavendermayalsobetakeninpillform.Lavenderteacanbemadebyusing1to2teaspoonsofdriedleavesfor15minutesinacupofboilingwater.Inliquidextractform,nomorethan60dropsoflavender shouldbetakeninaday.Beforetakinglavenderinliquidform,youshouldreadtheproductlabelanddiscussthedosewithaqualifiedhealthcareprovider.Thereisnotenoughscientificevidencetosafelyrecommendlavenderforchildrenyoungerthan18years.Lavendertakenbymouthhasthepotentialtoincreasetheriskofbleeding.Ifyousufferfromableedingdisorderoraretakingmedicinethatmayincreasebleeding,usecautionwhentakinglavender.12.Whatcanweknowaboutlavenderfromparagraphl?A.Itcanhelpdealwithmentalhealthproblems.B.ItwasusedtopreservedeadbodiesinGreece.C.Itwasusedtocurestomachupsetandheadaches.D.ItisaherbintroducedintotheMediterraneanregion.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Thetreatmentforsocialanxietydisorder.B.Thehistoryofaromatherapyreducingstress.C.Thebenefitsoflavenderusedformentaldisorder.D.Theresearchesontheuseoflavenderforsocialanxiety.14.Howisparagraph3developed?A.Bycollectingdata.B.Bymakingalist.C.Byintroducingconcepts.D.Bymakingcomparisons.15.Whatcanwelearnabouttakinglavenderfromthetext?A.Itmayworsenthebleeding.B.It’sprovedtobeunsafeforkidsof14.C.Lavenderinpillformfunctionsbetterthanthatinliquid.D.Adoseshouldbedecidedaccordingtotheproductlabel.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。薰衣草在古时候就被人们用来治疗疾病。新的研究表明薰衣草可以被用来治疗人们的焦虑。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Historically,lavenderwasusedtomummifybodiesinEgypt,inbathsinGreeceandRome,andforcuringthebrokenskinandmentalhealthpurposes.Today,lavenderisusedasatraditionalorcomplementaryremedyforrelaxation,toreduceanxiety,anddepression,aswellasfordiseasessuchasstomach upsetandheadaches.(历史上，薰衣草在埃及被用来制作木乃伊，在希腊和罗马被用来洗澡，还被用来治疗破损的皮肤和心理健康。如今，薰衣草被用作放松、减少焦虑和抑郁以及治疗胃部不适和头痛等疾病的传统或补充药物。)”故从第一段中我们可以得知，薰衣草可以帮助解决心理健康问题。故选A。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Noscientificstudieshavespecificallyexaminedthebenefitsoflavenderuseforsocialanxietydisorder.Ina2000study,CookandErnstreportedthatingeneral,aromatherapy(芳香疗法)ishelpfulinreducinganxietyandstressintheshort-term.A2012studyalsoshowedsomeevidenceoftheusefulnessoflavendertakenforanxiety.Moreresearchisneededtosupporttheuseoflavenderforthetreatmentofsocialanxietydisorder.(没有科学研究专门研究薰衣草对社交焦虑症的益处。在2000年的一项研究中，库克和恩斯特报告说，一般来说，芳香疗法有助于在短期内减少焦虑和压力。2012年的一项研究也显示了服用薰衣草治疗焦虑症的一些证据。需要更多的研究来支持使用薰衣草治疗社交焦虑症。)”可知，本段主要介绍了薰衣草对社交焦虑症的益处的两项研究。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Lavenderisusuallyusedintheformofanessentialoilaspartofaromatherapy…Driedlavendercanalsobeusedtomakeateaorliquidextract.Lavendermayalsobetakeninpillform.(薰衣草通常以精油的形式使用，作为芳香疗法的一部分……干薰衣草也可以用来泡茶或提取液体。薰衣草也可以药丸形式服用。)”可知，本段主要罗列了用薰衣草治疗社交焦虑症的方法。故本段采用了“罗列”的方法展开论述。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lavendertakenbymouthhasthepotentialtoincreasetheriskofbleeding.Ifyousufferfromableedingdisorderoraretakingmedicinethatmayincreasebleeding,usecautionwhentakinglavender.(口服薰衣草有可能增加出血的风险。如果你患有出血性疾病或正在服用可能会增加出血的药物，服用薰衣草时要小心。)”可知，服用薰衣草可能会加重出血。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beinglateisatendencythatsomepeoplecannotseemtoshake.Manyfactorscontributetocontinuallateness,includingtimeperception,timemanagementandpersonality.Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime,whetherit’stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.____16____“Itislikelythatthere’samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere,”HugoSpiers,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon toldLiveScience.____17____Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus(海马体)actingas“timecells”contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents,butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.Onefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study,Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents’spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.____18____“Ifyou’reveryfamiliarwithaspace,youstarttodiscountthetroubleitwilltake,”Spierssaid.Anotherenvironmentalfactormaybecrowdedness.Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtualReality,researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated(模拟的)subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedcommutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.____19________20____Certaincharacterfeatures,suchasreducedconscientiousness(责任心),cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.A.Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.B.Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience.C.Wemaketimeestimatesbasedonhowurgentthetasksare.D.However,theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.E.Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate?F.Aregionofthebrain,calledhippocampus,processessomeaspectsoftime.G.That’sbecausepeoplewhorunlatetellthemselvesandotherstheycanbepunctual.【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.B20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了为什么有些人似乎从不准时，无论是午餐约会还是工作会议。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime,whetherit’stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.(我们都知道有些人似乎从不准时，无论是午餐约会还是工作会议)”可知，有些人从不准时。而下一段““Itislikelythatthere’samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere,”HugoSpiers,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondontoldLiveScience.(伦敦大学学院教授雨果·斯皮尔斯在接受《生活科学》杂志采访时表示：“很可能是大脑中存在某种机制，导致一些人开会迟到，因为他们低估了到达那里所需的时间。”)”可知，下文开始解释人们为什么不准时。选项E“Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate?(但是对于为什么有些人总是迟到有一个很好的解释吗？)”承上启下，符合上下文内容。故选E。 【17题详解】根据空后内容“Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus(海马体)actingas“timecells”contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents,butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.(研究表明，海马体中的神经元扮演着“时间细胞”的角色，有助于我们对事件的感知和记忆，但目前还不清楚为什么有些人一直低估时间)”可知，下文解释了海马体的作用。选项F“Aregionofthebrain,calledhippocampus,processessomeaspectsoftime.(大脑中有一个叫做海马体的区域，负责处理时间的某些方面)”提出海马体这一概念，与下文内容一致。故选F。【18题详解】根据空前内容“Onefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study,Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents’spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.(其中一个因素可能是我们对一个空间的熟悉程度。在2017年的研究中，斯皮尔斯要求20名刚搬到伦敦的学生画出他们所在大学区的地图，并估计到不同目的地的旅行时间。如果学生们对一个地区非常了解，他们对空间的估计就会扩大)”可知，如果学生对一个地区很了解，那么他们对空间的估计也会扩大。选项D“However,theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.(然而，他们对旅行时间的估计随着熟悉程度而缩小)”与上文内容保持一致，指的是如果学生对一个地区很了解，那么他就会对于自己去某个目的地的时间做出不精准的估算。故选D。【19题详解】根据空前内容“Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtualReality,researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated(模拟的)subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedcommutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.(在2022年发表在《虚拟现实》杂志上的一项研究中，研究人员要求参与者估计或多或少拥挤的模拟地铁旅行的长度。他们发现，拥挤的通勤感觉比不那么繁忙的通勤时间长10%)”可知，如果通勤拥挤那么参与者对于时间的估计就会长些。选项B“Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience(这与不愉快的经历有关)”解释了为什么如果通勤拥挤，参与者对于时间的估计就会长些。故选B。【20题详解】根据空后内容“Certaincharacterfeatures,suchasreducedconscientiousness(责任心),cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.(某些性格特征，比如缺乏责任心，会导致一些人忘记他们提前计划好的任务)”可知，下文讲述的是性格也会导致人们迟到。选项A“Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.(性格也对迟到有影响)”与下文保持一致。故选A。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个 选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind____21____inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.____22____,whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,hedecidedto____23____it.Peter____24____atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew____25____asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore____26____tohiscommunitythaneverbefore.“Thekidsare____27____;theyarelikesponges(海绵)”saidPeter．“I’msureIgetmoreoutofitthanthe____28____do.I’mnotthisoldmanwholivesonhisown.I’mpartofthe____29____,whichisgreat.Plusmystreet____30____isextremelygoodbecauseI’llbegoing____31____inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’andIfeel____32____.”In2023,PeterreceivedaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)fromKingCharlesIII!Now,____33____beingjustfamouslocally,Peterisanationalcelebrity.Herecently____34____ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipientoftheBEM,18-year-oldauthorandenvironmentalistDaraMcAnulty.“Heisthe____35____,Iamthepast,”PetersaidofDara.21.A.meaningB.wisdomC.standardD.courage22.A.MeanwhileB.NeverthelessC.ThereforeD.Moreover23.A.proveB.exploreC.manageD.attempt24.A.worksB.volunteersC.registersD.engages25.A.reputationB.statusC.postD.state26.A.connectedB.restrictedC.equalD.inferior27.A.flexibleB.naughtyC.patientD.great28.A.heroesB.humansC.childrenD.adults29.A.societyB.populationC.communityD.nation30.A.reactionB.effortC.devotionD.credit31.A.anywhereB.nowhereC.somewhereD.elsewhere32.A.gratefulB.honoredC.ambitiousD.surprised33.A.inadditiontoB.insteadofC.duetoD.inspiteof34.A.appearedB.performedC.advertisedD.shared35.A.prospectB.trendC.presentD.future【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.B26.A27.D28.C29.C30.D 31.A32.B33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。100岁二战老兵彼得·戴维斯在妻子去世后，在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者，与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义，也因此成为名人。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得·戴维斯是一名来自英国麦克尔斯菲尔德的100岁二战老兵，他的妻子去世后，他一直在努力寻找生活的意义。A.meaning意义；B.wisdom智慧；C.standard标准；D.courage勇气。根据本句“afterhiswifepassedaway”可知，妻子去世，他努力寻找生活的意义。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当他的女儿建议他在当地小学提供帮助时，他决定尝试一下。A.Meanwhile与此同时；B.Nevertheless不过；C.Therefore因此；D.Moreover而且。根据前文“PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind　　1　　inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.”可知，妻子去世，他努力寻找生活的意义。因此，当女儿给出建议时，他决定尝试。前后为因果关系。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当他的女儿建议他在当地小学提供帮助时，他决定尝试一下。A.prove证明；B.explore探索；C.manage管理；D.attempt尝试。根据前文“PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind　　1　　inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.”可知，妻子去世，他努力寻找生活的意义。因此，当女儿给出建议时，他决定尝试。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得在伯灵顿的迪恩谷小学做志愿者，他在他辅导的所有孩子中都很受欢迎。A.works工作；B.volunteers志愿者；C.registers登记表；D.engages雇用。根据前文“whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool”可知，他的女儿建议他在当地小学提供帮助，应是志愿者。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把阅读变成了一种有趣的游戏，而他作为祖父人物的新身份让他比以往任何时候都更能感受到自己与社区的联系。A.reputation荣誉；B.status身份；C.post帖子；D.state状态。根据空后“asagrandfatherlyfigure”可知，这是一种身份。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他把阅读变成了一种有趣的游戏，而他作为祖父人物的新身份让他比以往任何时候都更能感受到自己与社区的联系。A.connected与……有联系的；B.restricted有限的；C.equal平等 的；D.inferior低等的。根据前文“Peter　4　　atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.”可知，他是志愿者，是与社区有联系的。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“孩子们很棒；它们就像海绵。”彼得说。A.flexible灵活的；B.naughty淘气的；C.patient有耐心的；D.great很棒的。根据下文“theyarelikesponges”可知，他在夸赞孩子们很棒。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我确信我从中得到的比孩子们更多。A.heroes英雄；B.humans人类；C.children孩子们；D.adults成年人。根据前文““Thekidsare　　7　　;theyarelikesponges(海绵).””可知，他教的是孩子，所以认为从这件事中，和孩子们相比，他更受益。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是社区的一员，这很好。A.society社会；B.population人口；C.community社区；D.nation国家。根据前文“Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew　　5　　asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore　　6　tohiscommunitythaneverbefore.”可知，他因做志愿者和社区取得了联系，应是社区的一员。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，我的街头信用非常好，因为我在村里走到任何地方，都会有孩子喊我“你好，戴维斯先生”，我感到很荣幸。A.reaction反应；B.effort努力；C.devotion奉献；D.credit信用。根据本句“becauseI’llbegoing　　11　　inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’”可知，孩子们很喜欢他，跟他打招呼，说明他信誉很好。故选D。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，我的街头信用非常好，因为我在村里走到任何地方，都会有孩子喊我“你好，戴维斯先生”，我感到很荣幸。”A.anywhere任何地方；B.nowhere没有地方；C.somewhere某个地方；D.elsewhere别处。根据本句“achildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’”可知，无论去任何地方，都有孩子打招呼。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我的街头信用非常好，因为我在村里走到任何地方，都会有孩子喊我“你好，戴维斯先生”，我感到很荣幸。”A.grateful感激的；B.honored荣幸的；C.ambitious有野心的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据本句“becauseI’llbegoing　11　　inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’”可知，无论去任何地方，都有孩子打招呼，他感到荣幸。故选B。【33题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：现在，彼得不仅是当地的名人，而且是全国的名人。A.inadditionto除……以外；B.insteadof而不是；C.dueto因为……；D.inspiteof尽管。根据本句“Peterisanationalcelebrity”可知，不仅是当地名人。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，他与最年轻的BEM获得者、18岁的作家和环保主义者达拉·麦克纳尔蒂一起出现在电视上。A.appeared出现；B.performed表演；C.advertised做广告；D.shared分享。根据空后“ontelevision”可知，应是出现在电视上。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“他是未来，我是过去，”彼得谈到达拉时说。A.prospect展望；B.trend趋势；C.present礼物；D.future未来。根据前文“Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.”可知，首尾呼应。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheChiefExecutiveOfficerofBeijingAiqiTechnologyYangZhanghasrevivedtheChineseculturalpracticeofusingthemortiseandtenon(榫卯)techniqueforconstructionwhichisontheedgeofextinction.Heusedtheancientmortiseandtenontechnique____36____(construct)theTurretofPalaceMuseumata1:81miniscale.Thechoiceof“TurretofPalaceMuseum”asthethemefortheminibuildingblockproject____37____(base)onseveralfactors.____38____(locate)intheForbiddenCityofBeijing,thisarchitecturaltreasureboaststhemostdelicatedesignandelegantshapeamongChineseroyalbuildings.Itwashistoricallyresponsible____39____protectingthepalace.Thecomplexlayoutoftheturretposed____40____unprecedented(史无前例的)technicalchallengeforZhangandhisteamofdesignersanddevelopers.Unlikeconventionalbuildingblock____41____(toy),Zhangaimedtocreateamodelmade____42____(entire)ofauthenticmortiseandtenoncomponents.Theentireprocessofdesigntooknearlyfiveyears,withhundredsofdesigniterationsandcontinuousadjustments.Themortiseandtenontechnique,____43____istheprimaryconstructionmethodusedinancientChinesearchitectureandrepresentsthecoreof____44____(tradition)Chinesewoodworking,isgainingincreasing_____45_____(recognize)amongthepublic.【答案】36.toconstruct37.wasbased38.Located39.for40.an 41.toys42.entirely43.which44.traditional45.recognition【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京爱奇科技首席执行官杨章复兴了中国文化中濒临消失的榫卯建筑技术。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他采用古代的榫卯技术，按1:81的比例建造了故宫的角楼。use...todo...是固定搭配，意为“用……做……”，其中不定式作目的状语。故填toconstruct。【37题详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：选择“故宫角楼”作为迷你积木项目的主题是基于几个因素。分析句子可知，base...on...(以……为基础)是句中谓语动词，与主语Thechoice之间是被动关系，应用被动语态bebasedon...；结合句意“选择‘故宫角楼’作为迷你积木项目的主题”是已经发生了的事情，应使用一般过去时态；又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填wasbased。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座建筑瑰宝位于北京紫禁城，拥有中国皇家建筑中最精致的设计和最优雅的造型。分析句子可知，“(locate)intheForbiddenCityofBeijing”在句中作地点状语，locate(把……建造于)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语thisarchitecturaltreasure之间是被动关系，且“把……建造于”这一动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词，表示被动和完成；句首单词首字母大写。故填Located。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：它在历史上负责保护宫殿。beresponsiblefor...是固定短语，意为“对……负责”。故填for。【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：炮塔的复杂布局对张和他的设计和开发团队提出了前所未有的技术挑战。可数名词challenge在句中表示“一个挑战”，泛指，空格后单词unprecedented发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：与传统的积木玩具不同，张的目标是创造一个完全由真实的榫卯组件组成的模型。可数名词toy在句中作介词宾语，结合句意，泛指“积木玩具”，用复数名词toys。故填toys。【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：与传统的积木玩具不同，张的目标是创造一个完全由真实的榫卯组件组成的模型。提示词修饰动词made，用副词entirely作状语，意为“完全地”。故填entirely。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：榫卯技术是中国古代建筑的主要施工方法，代表了中国传统木工的核心，越来越受到公众的认可。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Themortiseandtenontechnique，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：榫卯技术是中国古代建筑的主要施工方法，代表了中国传统木工的核心，越来越受到公众的认可。提示词修饰名词Chinesewoodworking，用形容词traditional作定语，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：榫卯技术是中国古代建筑的主要施工方法，代表了中国传统木工的核心，越来越受到公众的认可。提示词作宾语，用名词recognition，意为“认可”，不可数名词。故填recognition。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.你的留学生朋友Paul要参加“中国古诗词朗读大赛”，请你给他推荐一首古诗，用唐朝诗人王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》或其他你喜欢的古诗进行推荐。要点如下：1．诗歌名称及作者;2．推荐理由：写作手法及内涵等。附：登鹳雀楼OntheStorkTower王之涣WangZhihuan白日依山尽，Thesunbeyondthemountainglows;黄河入海流。TheYellowRiverseawardsflows.欲穷千里目，Youcanenjoyagrandersight;更上一层楼。Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.(许渊冲译)注意：1．词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearPaul, Delightedtoknowyouwillparticipateinthecontest,I’dliketorecommend________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearPaul,Delightedtoknowyouwillparticipateinthecontest,I’dliketorecommendmyfavouritepoemOntheStorkTower.Thepoemisamasterpiecewithonlyfourlines,writtenbyWangZhihuan,afamouspoetintheTangDynasty.Inthefirsttwolines,thewriterportraysaspectacularsightfeaturingthesettingsunagainsthighmountainsandtheYellowRiverbyusingthetypicaltechniqueofChinesepoems-antithesis.Thelasttwolinesconveythepoet’sgreatambitionhiddeninthemetaphorof“greatheight”ontheStorkTower,whichmakesthepoemalong-standingclassicquotedinmanycontexts.Hopemyrecommendationcanbeofanyhelp.IfthereisanythingIcando,pleasedonothesitatetoaskme.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的留学生朋友Paul要参加“中国古诗词朗读大赛”，请你给他推荐一首古诗，用唐朝诗人王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》或其他你喜欢的古诗进行推荐。【详解】1.词汇积累著名的：famous→well-known参加：participatein→takepartin高兴的：delighted→glad比赛：contest→competition2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Thepoemisamasterpiecewithonlyfourlines,writtenbyWangZhihuan,afamouspoetintheTangDynasty. 拓展句：Thepoemisamasterpiecewithonlyfourlines,whichwaswrittenbyWangZhihuan,afamouspoetintheTangDynasty.【点睛】[高分句型1]Thelasttwolinesconveythepoet’sgreatambitionhiddeninthemetaphorof“greatheight”ontheStorkTower,whichmakesthepoemalong-standingclassicquotedinmanycontexts.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]IfthereisanythingIcando,pleasedonothesitatetoaskme.(运用了if引导条件状语从句)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Theautomobileindustryisspendingbillionsonself-drivingcars,justsowecansitinthebackseatlikesomehigh-poweredcorporateexecutive.Butwhatifwequitelikedriving?Onholidayafewyearsago,Ispenthoursbeingtransportedontrains,busesandplanes.Then,finally,camethesectionoftheholidayduringwhichIhiredasetofwheels.Afterdecadesofmarriage,itwasnotoftenthatyoureceivedrealpraisefromyourpartner,butonthehighwaysofCretecomplimentscamewitheverysuccessfulaction.“Oh,welldone!”saidJocasta,hervoicefullofadmiration,asInavigatedaroundaboutwithoutkillingusboth.Intotheroundabout(环岛)Iwent,slowingdownasweentered,thenspeedingupaswereturnedtothestraight.Really,itwaslikedrivinginaFlrace.Weturnedright,thenrightagain,followingtheGPSnavigationsystem,andfoundourselvesinasmallCretantown.IspokestrictlytotheGPS:“Wedon’twanttobehere;wewantthehighway.”Itinstructedmetoturnrightoncemore.Witheveryturnthestreetnarrowed.Itwaslikebeinginamagicalshrinkingroom.Weretracted(缩回)thesidemirrors.Wetookanotherturn.Thenewroadwasevennarrower,thewallssocloseyoufeltcompelledtoholdyourbreath.Anothercarappearedcomingtowardsusfromtheoppositedirection.Thedrivergestured,tellingmeIwouldhavetomakeway.Buthow?Ididn’thavethenervetobackupalongtheimpossiblynarrowroad.Therewasanarrowgarageopeningtooneside,asmallsidestreettotheother.IfIcouldsqueezethecarforwardintothegarage,Icouldthenbackintothesidestreet,allowingtheothercartopass.Localsarrived,standingonvarioussidesofthevehicle,helpfullyindicatingthatIhadacentimetretosparehereamillimetrethere.Therewerebrickwallsonbothsidesofthecar.TherewaszerochancethatIwouldn’tdamagethevehicle.注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右;2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Alocalstoodatthebackofthevehicle,wavingmeon.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theothercarpassed.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Alocalstoodatthebackofthevehicle,wavingmeon.Hewasmakingvigorous‘thisway,thisway’movementswithhisarms.Inanactofblindtrust,Ifollowedhisinstructions,creepingbackwardsandforwards.Thecarwriggleddeepintothegarageonecentimeteratatime.Throughcountlessadjustments,finallythecarlaystraightinthegarage!Thenwiththeinstructionsofallthelocals,turningmyheadleftandrightlookingbackhundredsoftimes,Ibackeditintothesidestreet.Theothercarpassed.Thedrivergavemeagratefulwave.Inrelief,Iwavedbacktoher,findingmyhandstrembling.Tiredoutandallsweaty,Ilaybackontheseat,breathedinandouttosteadymynervesforawhile,thenreluctantlysatstraight.Jocastaswiveledtowardsme.“You’remyhero,”shesqueezedmyhandasshesaid.Wesetoffagain.Iacceleratedtowardsthehighway.Whowouldswapallthisforaself-drivecar?【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者喜欢驾驶汽车，某天作者在开车的时候遇到了另一辆车从相反方向驶来，司机做了个手势，告诉作者必须让路。最终在作者的操作下，成功给对方让了路。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“一个当地人站在车的后面，挥手让我继续”可知，第一段可描写作者倒车的经过。②由第二段首句内容“另一辆车过去了”可知，第二段可描写司机对作者倒车的反应以及作者的感悟。2.续写线索：示意——倒车——帮助指导——感激——如释重负——感悟 3.词汇激活行为类经过：pass/gothrough发现：find/spot出发：setoff/setout情绪类精力充沛：vigorous/energetic无数：countless/endless【点睛】[高分句型1]Thenwiththeinstructionsofallthelocals,turningmyheadleftandrightlookingbackhundredsoftimes,Ibackeditintothesidestreet.(运用了现在分词作状语)[高分句型2]Tiredoutandallsweaty,Ilaybackontheseat,breathedinandouttosteadymynervesforawhile,thenreluctantlysatstraight.(运用了形容词作状语)