山东省济宁市2023届高三英语一模试题（Word版附解析）

济宁市2023年高考模拟考试英语试题第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A“Iwassleepingonthestreetforninedays.Ifitweren’tforCrisis,Imighthavedied,”saidEddie,whowasachefforyears,workinginluxurioushotelsinLondon.Helosthisjobandhishealthdeclined.Hespentallhissavingsonrentandwasforcedtoleavehishomewhentheyranout.Hestayedwithafriend,butitwascrowded,andhisfriendeventuallyaskedhimtoleave.EddiefoundoutaboutCrisisbychanceandwasreferredtoaCrisisatChristmashotel.EddiewasgivenaCrisiscoach,whosupportedhiminfindingsomewheretoliveandhewasgivenaphone,whichheusedtolookforwork.Eddieissettledinhisnewhome.Hishealthconditionismuchbetterandheislookingforwardtothefuture.Rightnowthousandsofpeopleatthesharpendofpovertyarebeingpushedintohomelessness.Peoplearebeingleftwithnooptionsthantogowithoutbasicslikefood,heatingorkeepingaroofovertheirheads.Pleasedonatetodaytoendsomeone’shomelessnessandsupporttoleavehomelessnessbehindforgood.·£10monthlycouldprovideawarmwelcomeandhelpsomeonetaketheirfirststepsoutofhomelessness.·£32monthlycouldhelpfundone-to-onespecialistcoachinginhousing,benefits,well-beingandwork.·£64monthlycouldhelpfundoneofoursupportworkerstoassistsomeonetrappedintemporaryaccommodationinlookingforaffordableandsettledhousing.·£100monthlycouldbuyahouseholdstarterkit,filledwithessentialssomeonemightnotbeabletoafford,tohelpthemsettleintotheirnewhome.Pleasesearch‘CrisisatChristmas’tomakeyourdonation.Hereishow:08009992060Room006,Freepost,CrisisatChristmasScantheQRcodewithyourphonecameratodonate1.WhatisCrisisatChristmas?A.Ahotel.B.Ahealthcenter.C.Anemploymentagency.D.Acharityorganization. 2.Whatdifferencecanyoumaketoabeneficiarywithadonationof£32monthly?A.Helpingrentaluxurioushouse.B.Helpingthrowawelcomeparty.C.Helpingbuyhouseholdnecessities.D.Helpinggetpersonalizedguidance.3.Howmanywaysaretheretomakeadonation?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.【答案】1.D2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对慈善组织CrisisatChristmas作捐赠的方式和不同金额可实现的帮助意义。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中““Iwassleepingonthestreetforninedays.Ifitweren’tforCrisis,Imighthavedied,”saidEddie,”（“我在街上睡了九天。如果不是Crisis，我可能已经死了,”埃迪说,）第三段中“EddiewasgivenaCrisiscoach,whosupportedhiminfindingsomewheretoliveandhewasgivenaphone,whichheusedtolookforwork.”（埃迪得到了一个Crisis教练，这个教练支持他找到住的地方，他得到了一部电话，他用来找工作。）第五段中“Pleasedonatetodaytoendsomeone’shomelessnessandsupporttoleavehomelessnessbehindforgood.”（请今天捐款，来帮助无家可归的人结束苦难，并支持永远摆脱无家可归。）可推知，CrisisatChristmas是一个帮助无家可归的人的一个慈善机构。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“£32monthly”定位于文章中第五段下“£32monthlycouldhelpfundone-to-onespecialistcoachinginhousing,benefits,well-beingandwork.”（每个月32法郎可以帮助实现在住房、救济金、福利和工作方面实现一对一的专家辅导。）可知，每个月捐赠32法郎，可以帮助实现获得个性化的指导。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中提到可以通过打电话、直接到办公地点和扫描二维码共三种方式来实现捐赠，故选C。BBard,Kinetic(CoffeeHousePress,2023)byAnneWaldman,oneofthemostimportantlivingAmericanpoets,isanewcollectionofautobiographical(自传体的)pieces,includingpublishedandunpublishedessays,correspondence,interviews,andpoemsfromthelast20years. Thoughtheoriginofthetextsandpoemsisrelativelyrecent,Bard,KinetictracksWaldman’slifefromherchildhoodinGreenwichVillagetothepresent.Ratherthanamemoir(回忆录),thisenergeticcollectionintegratesherstoriesintocontexts—literary,political,spiritual,familial.InSketch,thefirstandlongestpieceinthebook,Waldmandescribeswhatguidedhertopoetryfromanearlyage—Herintellectualandartisticparentsencouragedher“toreadwidely,towrite,think,talkaboutit,becuriousandcritical.”ReadingSketchforitswonderfulautobiographicaldetailsandthesuccessfulmomentsthatrunthroughWaldman’slifeisapleasure.InInterviewwithPoetas,Madrid2018,anotherpiecefromthebook’ssecondsection,shewrote,“Weneedculturalandhumanitarianrevolution.Weneedpoetrytoremindusofthemagicwehavehadthatneedsattendanceandrecharge.”Hervoiceandvisionhaveacollectivewidth.Waldmaninsistsoncombiningartwithnearlyeveryaspectofherlife.Bard,Kinetic,atallpoints,ahigh-energyconstruct,andatallpoints,anenergy-discharge,putsreadersonthepathtorecognizingpoetryasamentalaid,asanactionthatreachesacrossgeography,species,andtime.Asshewroteinthebook’spreface,shecommandsherselfto“keeppushingforknowledge,studywithadeeperinvestigationandadeeperaction.Theaction,totallynecessary”.ThesearehighaimsthatWaldmanhasinsistedon,tirelessly,herentirelife.Waldmanshines.Herheartcouldbeourheart.ThisnewbookisbestreadasacompanionofVowtoPoetry(2001),Waldman’spreviouscollectionofinterviewsandautobiographicalessays,whichwillhelpreadersappreciatethisbookbetter.4.WhatdoweknowaboutBard,KineticbyWaldman?A.Itisamemoir.B.Itdocumentsherlifeandwork.C.Itisherfirstcollectionofpoems.D.ItistobeissuedbyCoffeeHousePress.5.What’sthepurposeofparagraph3?A.Toaddrelevantbackgroundinformation.B.Tohelpreadersgainpartialinsightintothebook.C.Topersuadereaderstoconductselectivereading.D.TointroduceWaldman’swritingstyles.6.Whatisimpliedintheunderlinedsentence“Herheartcouldbeourheart.”inparagraph4?A.Weshouldsticktoourgoals.B.Weshouldlearnpoemsbyheart.C.Weshouldseekfameandwealth.D.Weshouldenjoylifetoourhearts’content.7.What’sthetext? A.Adiaryentry.B.Anewsreport.C.Abookreview.D.Anautobiography.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于书籍Bard,Kinetic的书评。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Bard,Kinetic(CoffeeHousePress,2023)byAnneWaldman,oneofthemostimportantlivingAmericanpoets,isanewcollectionofautobiographical(自传体的)pieces,includingpublishedandunpublishedessays,correspondence,interviews,andpoemsfromthelast20years.”（Bard,Kinetic(咖啡屋出版社，2023)，作者安妮·沃尔德曼，美国当代最重要的诗人之一，是一个新的自传体作品集，包括发表和未发表的散文，通信，采访，和过去20年来的所有诗歌。）及第二段第一句“Thoughtheoriginofthetextsandpoemsisrelativelyrecent,Bard,KinetictracksWaldman’slifefromherchildhoodinGreenwichVillagetothepresent.”（虽然这些文本和诗歌的起源相对较晚，但是Bard,Kinetic记录了沃尔德曼从格林尼治村的童年到现在的生活。）可知，Bard,Kinetic记录了作者的的生活和工作情况。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“InSketch,thefirstandlongestpieceinthebook,Waldmandescribeswhatguidedhertopoetryfromanearlyage—Herintellectualandartisticparentsencouragedher“toreadwidely,towrite,think,talkaboutit,becuriousandcritical.”ReadingSketchforitswonderfulautobiographicaldetailsandthesuccessfulmomentsthatrunthroughWaldman’slifeisapleasure.InInterviewwithPoetas,Madrid2018,anotherpiecefromthebook’ssecondsection,shewrote,“Weneedculturalandhumanitarianrevolution.”（在书中第一篇也是最长的一篇《Sketch》中，沃尔德曼描述了是什么引导她从小就开始写诗——她的知识分子和艺术家父母鼓励她“广泛阅读，写作、思考、谈论诗歌，保持好奇心和批判精神。”阅读《Sketch》的精彩自传细节和贯穿沃尔德曼的生活的成功的时刻是一种乐趣。在书的第二部分的一节《InterviewwithPoetas,Madrid2018》中，她写道：“我们需要文化和人道主义革命。）可知，本段对书籍中的部分情节做了一个描述，因而其目的是帮助读者了解这本书的部分内容。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Asshewroteinthebook’spreface,shecommandsherselfto“keeppushingforknowledge,studywithadeeperinvestigationandadeeperaction.Theaction,totallynecessary”.ThesearehighaimsthatWaldmanhasinsistedon,tirelessly,herentirelife.”（正如她在书的序言中所写的，她让自己“不断追求知识，用更深入的研究和更深入的行动来学习。行动，完全必要”。这些都是沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持的崇高目标。）可知，沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持着自己的崇高目标。可推知，划线句指作为读 者，应该学习她对目标执着的追求的这种精神。选项A与文意相符，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，本文首先在第一段对书籍Bard,Kinetic给出了总的描述：它是一个新的自传体作品集，进而在接下来的段落中描述了书的内容及书籍作者对目标的追求，最后一段“ThisnewbookisbestreadasacompanionofVowtoPoetry(2001),Waldman’spreviouscollectionofinterviewsandautobiographicalessays,whichwillhelpreadersappreciatethisbookbetter.”（这本新书作为《向诗宣誓》(2001)的最好的姊妹篇，《向诗宣誓》是沃尔德曼以前收集的采访和自传体散文，这本书将帮助读者更好地欣赏这本书。）可知，本文是对书籍Bard,Kinetic的一个书评。故选C。CManyimportantdecisionsboildowntoachoicebetweenkeepingthesupposedsafetyandriskinggoingoutforachanceatgettingsomethingevenbetter.Thoughrisk-takingpreferencesvarybetweenindividuals,researchwithhumansshowsthatwe’reallgenerallylesswillingtotakerisksinsituationswithmoreambiguous（模糊的）outcomes.“Thefindingshouldalsoapplytorisk-takinginchimps（黑猩猩）,oneofourclosestevolutionary（进化的）ancestors,”saidHaux,fromMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanDevelopment.Totesttheevolutionaryrootsofhumanriskpreference,Hauxandhiscolleaguesmeasured55chimpslivinginreservesfortheirriskyandambiguouschoicesinanexperimentalsetting.Ineachtrial,theychoseaballfromoneoftwopots.Onepotwasalwayssafebecauseitcontainedtwoballsfilledwithonepeanuteach.Intheriskycondition,thesecondpotalsocontainedtwoballs,butonewasfilledwithtwopeanutsandtheotherwithnothing.Intheambiguouscondition,theballsinthesecondpotstillcontainedtworewardsornothing,butthecontentsinthepotwasentirelyinvisibletothechimps.Onaverage,chimpschosetheriskypotoverthesafepot55%ofthetimebutchosetheambiguouspotoverthesafepotinjust25%oftrials.Thissuggeststhatchimps,likehumans,prefertoavoidsituationswithambiguousversusknownrisks.“Structuralsimilaritiesinriskpreferencesofhumansandoneofourclosestlivingrelativesarelikelytoreflectadaptationstosimilardynamicsinevolution.Whilemanyotherfactorsmayinfluencehumanrisk-takingpreferences,theparallelsbetweenhumanandchimpbehaviorsuggestthatevolutionaryadaptionshavehelpedsetaconsistentbaseline,”Hauxsaid.Futureworkwillcomparehowtherisk-takingpreferencesofchimpslivinginreservesmaydifferfromthoselivinginzoosorinthewild,aswellashowtheycomparetothoseofbonobos,anothercloseevolutionaryrelativeofhumans,Hauxadded.8.Whywastheresearchonriskpreferenceconductedonchimps? A.Totesttheirintelligencelevel.B.Toguidethemtomakewisedecisions.C.Toprovetheevolutionaryconsistency.D.Todistinguisheachindividual’sdifference.9.Whichillustratestheriskyconditionintheexperimentalsetting?A.B.C.D.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“parallels”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Conflicts.B.Interactions.C.Misunderstandings.D.Similarities.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Therangeofthesubjectswillbeextended.B.Hauxissatisfiedwiththecurrentresearch.C.Bonobosareacloseevolutionaryrelativeofhumans.DTheresearchtopicwillbeshiftedintoanotherfield.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个科学发现即在人类身上的冒险偏好在黑猩猩身上同样适用。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中““Thefindingshouldalsoapplytorisk-takinginchimps（黑猩猩）,oneofourclosestevolutionary（进化的）ancestors,” (“这一发现也适用于黑猩猩的冒险行为，黑猩猩是我们进化中最接近的祖先之一。”)”可知，之所以选择在黑猩猩身上作关于冒险偏好的实验，是因为该物种是和人类最为接近的，即人类所呈现出的风险偏好特点同样适用于黑猩猩，因为进化的一致性。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Intheriskycondition,thesecondpotalsocontainedtwoballs,butonewasfilledwithtwopeanutsandtheotherwithnothing.(在危险的情况下，第二个罐子里也有两个球，但一个装满了两颗花生，另一个什么都没有。)”可知，在危险的情况下，第二个罐子里也有两个球，但一个装满了两颗花 生，另一个什么都没有。故选B。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Structuralsimilaritiesinriskpreferencesofhumansandoneofourclosestlivingrelativesarelikelytoreflectadaptationstosimilardynamicsinevolution. (人类和我们现存的近亲之一在风险偏好上的结构相似性很可能反映了对进化过程中类似动态的适应。)”以及“Whilemanyotherfactorsmayinfluencehumanrisk-takingpreferences(虽然许多其他因素可能会影响人类的冒险偏好)”可知，虽然有很多因素会影响人类冒险的偏好，但是人类和黑猩猩在行为模式上的相似性反映了进化过程中类似动态的适应，故划线词parallel与前文的similarities为同义词，意为“相似的”。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Futureworkwillcomparehowtherisk-takingpreferencesofchimpslivinginreservesmaydifferfromthoselivinginzoosorinthewild,aswellashowtheycomparetothoseofbonobos,anothercloseevolutionaryrelativeofhumans,Hauxadded.(Haux补充说，未来的工作将比较生活在保护区的黑猩猩与生活在动物园或野外的黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同，以及它们与倭黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同，倭黑猩猩是人类的另一个进化近亲。)”可知，在未来的研究中，研究者们将会对生活在保护区的黑猩猩与生活在动物园或者野外的黑猩猩的冒险偏好进行比较。由此推断对研究的主题将会不断扩大。故选A。DWithlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestionmetrologists(计量学家)worldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon?TheMoondoesn’tcurrentlyhaveanindependenttime.Eachlunarmissionusesitsowntimescaletocoordinateduniversaltime,orUTC—thestandardagainstwhichtheearth’sclocksareset.TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,butitwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.Themostpressingneedforlunartimecomesfromplanstocreateadedicatedglobalnavigationsatellitesystem(GNSS)fortheMoon.Totacklethisproblem,representativesofspaceagenciesandacademicorganizationsworldwidemetinNovember2022tostartdraftingrecommendationsonhowtodefinelunartime.Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon’sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth’s,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.Definingalunarstandard,withwhichallclocksarecompared,willinvolveinstallingatleastthreemasterclocksthattickattheMoon’snaturalpace,andwhoseoutputiscombinedbyanalgorithm(算法)togenerateamoreaccurate‘virtual’timepiece. Whathappensthendependsonwhichoptionmetrologistschoose.TheymightdecidetobaselunartimeonUTC.Thealternativewouldbetousethesynthesized(同步)outputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon’sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.Settinglunartimeispartofamuchbiggerpicture.Itwillonedayworkforthemore-distantplanetsthatspaceagenciesareultimatelytargeting,suchasMars.12.What’sthemainideaofparagraph2?A.TheworkingprincipleofUTC.B.Theachievementsofspacemission.C.Theurgencytodevelopsatellitenavigation.D.Theproblemofcurrentlunartimingmethod.13.Whatisthemajorbarriertodefininglunartime?A.Lackofprofessionalguidance.B.Thedisagreementamongmetrologists.C.DifferentgravitationalpullontheMoon.D.Thecomplexityofinstallingmasterclocks.14.What’stheadvantageofdefiningtheMoon’sindependenttime?A.KeepingtheclocksontheMooncorresponding.B.PreventingspacecraftlosingconnectionwiththeEarth.C.Helpinghumanslandonthemore-distantplanets.D.MakingiteasiertosynchronizewithUTCallthetime.15.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.WhatTimeIsItontheMoon?B.WhenwillManSettleontheMoon?C.Lunarexploration:ACareerBoundtoReviveD.GNSS:AMorePreciseLunarTrackingSystem【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及设定月球时间的方案。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,but itwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.(当月球承载少数独立任务时，这种方法是有效的，但是当有多个飞船一起工作时，这将是一个问题。航天机构还希望使用卫星导航来跟踪它们，这依赖于精确的计时信号)”可知，当多个飞船共同工作时，当前的月球计时方法就出现问题，而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船，这月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的问题。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon’sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth’s,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.(设定月球时间并不简单。根据狭义相对论，时钟在更强的引力场中走得更慢。月球的引力比地球的弱，这意味着月球时钟会比地球时钟跑得快。)”可知，设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thealternativewouldbetousethesynthesized(同步)outputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon’sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.(另一种方法是使用月球原子钟的同步输出作为月球自己独立的连续时间，并跟踪其与UTC的关系。这样，即使月球与地球失去了联系，月球上的时钟仍然会彼此一致，从而实现安全的航行和通信)”可知，设定月球独立的时间后，即使失去与地球联系，月球上的时间始终是保持一致。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段“Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestionmetrologists(计量学家)worldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon?(月球探测火箭带来了许多挑战。其中有一个基本问题是世界各地的计量学家正在努力回答：月球上现在是几点？)”以及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及方案可知，本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开，因此A项“月球上几点了”与主题内容吻合。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。STEMvs.STEAMSTEMisshortforScience,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics.ThetermwascoinedbyJudithRamaleywhileadirectoratNationalScienceFoundationin2001.Sincethen,STEM-focusededucationhasbeenextendedtomanycountriesbeyondtheUnitedStates.However,educationisaconstantlyevolvinggame. ____16____OneofthelatestphilosophiesgainingsteamisaddinganartscomponenttotheSTEMeducationalfocus,thus,creatingtheSTEMvs.STEAMdebate.ThebelieversinSTEMeducationwantthefocustoremainonthecoreSTEMprinciples.____17____Tasksinvolvingproductdesignencouragestudentstodrawandcreate.AddingartswilltakeawayfromtheoriginalintentionoffocusingontheSTEMdisciplines.____18____TheyarguethataddingartstoSTEMisawaytodevelopstrongSTEMstudentswhothinkcreatively.Severalstudieshaveshownthatengagingstudents’artsstrengthincreasestheirmotivationwhenitcomestoSTEMactivities.____19____Furthermore,forkidswhomightbeturnedofffromSTEMsubjectsduetoadislikeofnumbers,highlightingtheartisticcomponentoflessonscanreachoutanddrawthemin.Whiletheyseemtobeopposed,bothsidesofthisargumentmayhavetherightidea.____20____Considerthegrowingfieldofcomputeranimation,whereyoumusthavebothartisticabilitiesandstrongtechnologyfields.Also,themostbasicofallchildren’stoys,woodenblocks,areanincredibleexampleofSTEAMexploration.Theybringdesign,geometry,andengineeringconceptstoouryoungestlearners,settingthemupforalifetimeofcreativethinking.A.TheSTEAMersdisagree.B.Actually,scienceandartsareinseparable.C.Itconsistentlyintroducesnewtheoriesandpractices.D.Theirideaisthattherearealreadyenoughartsintheirapproach.E.Thus,goodteachersarealwayslearningtokeeppacewithupdatedknowledge.F.Italsoimprovestheprobabilityofsuccessincomplicatedtasksandchallenges.G.TheybelieveaddingartmakestheSTEMcoursesaccessibletomorestudents.【答案】16.C17.D18.A19.F20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了教育理念STEM与STEAM的不同之处。【16题详解】上文“However,educationisaconstantlyevolvinggame.(然而，教育是一个不断发展的活动)”说明教育是不断发展的，以及下文“OneofthelatestphilosophiesgainingSTEAMisaddinganartscomponenttotheSTEMeducationalfocus,thus,creatingtheSTEMvs.STEAMdebate.(最新的STEAM理念之一是在STEM教育重点中加入艺术元素，从而引发了STEM与STEAM的争论)”说明教育发展过程中引入一些元素，形成新的理论，C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。【17题详解】 上文“ThebelieversinSTEMeducationwantthefocustoremainonthecoreSTEMprinciples.(STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“AddingartswilltakeawayfromtheoriginalintentionoffocusingontheSTEMdisciplines.(增加艺术元素将偏离专注于STEM准则的初衷)”说明STEM教育理念的相信者认为不需要增加艺术元素，D项“他们的想法是，他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”说明他们认为不需要添加艺术元素的原因，符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】上文“ThebelieversinSTEMeducationwantthefocustoremainonthecoreSTEMprinciples.(STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“TheyarguethataddingartstoSTEMisawaytodevelopstrongSTEMstudentswhothinkcreatively.(他们认为，在STEM中加入艺术是培养具有创造性思维的强大STEM学生的一种方式)”说明STEAM理念的相信者认为需要加入艺术元素，与STEM的理念不同，A项“STEAM公司不同意。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。19题详解】上文“Severalstudieshaveshownthatengagingstudents’artsstrengthincreasestheirmotivationwhenitcomestoSTEMactivities.(几项研究表明，谈及STEM活动时，调动学生的艺术力量可以提高他们的动机)”说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，F项中It指代上文中的engagingstudents’artsstrength，F项“它还能提高在复杂任务和挑战中成功的概率。”进一步说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，符合题意。故选F。【20题详解】下文“Considerthegrowingfieldofcomputeranimation,whereyoumusthavebothartisticabilitiesandstrongtechnologyfields.(考虑到电脑动画这个不断发展的领域，你必须同时具备艺术能力和强大的技术领域)”说明技术和艺术不可分割，B项“事实上，科学和艺术是不可分割的。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onesnowynight,apairofbeagles（比格犬）wasstrugglingonaruralhighway.Thefather-to-belookedaroundanxiously,tryingtoseek____21____forhisdearcompanion.Frequentlyhewouldlookather____22____,feelingguiltyshelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.They____23____forawarm,dryplace.Whenher____24____came,itmustnotbeoutherealongtheroadway.As____25____wouldhaveit,GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,whowasdrivinghomefromwork,spottedthepair.He____26____totheshoulderoftheroadimmediately.Thebeaglesmadenoeffortto____27____whenGusbentdownandstretchedouthishandstothem.Gus____28____theirtags（狗牌）byhistruck’sheadlightsandtriedtoring,butthefallingsnow____29____the screen.Heplacedthedogsinhistruck,_____30_____hisphoneandcalledagain.Amanansweredandinstantlygrew_____31_____whenGustoldhimwhyhewascalling.“Ialreadygavethemaway,”themanrespondedcoldly.Obviously,thesebeagleswere_____32_____.Meetingtheirlargebeggingeyes,Gusfelthisheart_____33_____.“Puttingthembackinthesnowisoutofthe_____34_____,”Gusthoughttohimself,“Imustbringthemhome.”It’sasimplestory,butitspeakstothebestofournature:Kindnessandlovecankeepcrueltyandcoldat_____35_____.21.A.shelterB.shadeC.instructionsD.routes22.A.patientlyB.helplesslyC.fondlyD.proudly23.A.waitedB.preparedC.cheeredD.longed24.A.troubleB.opportunityC.timeD.turn25.A.lifeB.luckC.historyD.news26.A.pulledoverB.turnedupC.headedoffD.spedup27.A.submitB.barkC.struggleD.escape28.A.toreB.adjustedC.untiedD.read29.A.coloredB.mistedC.dustedD.damaged30.A.driedB.chargedC.examinedD.grabbed31.A.persuasiveB.defensiveC.curiousD.grateful32.A.discoveredB.licensedC.identifiedD.abandoned33.A.racingB.sinkingC.achingD.beating34.A.blueB.questionC.wayD.world35.A.bayB.handC.easeD.peace【答案】21A22.C23.D24.C25.B26.A27.D28.D29.B30.A31.B32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是两只被遗弃的小比格犬在雪夜被野生动物保护官员救下的故事，这个故事道出了做好的人性：善良和爱使得残酷与寒冷远离我们。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位准父亲焦急地环顾四周，试图为他亲爱的同伴寻找庇护之处。A.shelter遮 挡物，住处；B.shade荫凉；C.instructions说明；D.routes路线。根据上文中的“Onesnowynight,apairofbeagles（比格犬）wasstrugglingonaruralhighway.”可知，在一个雪夜，这对比格犬在乡间公路上挣扎着，应该是寻找“住处”。故选A项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他常常深情地望着她，为她的艰难前行感到内疚，她的道路因体内生长的新生命而变得更加沉重。A.patiently耐心地；B.helplessly无助地；C.fondly温柔地；D.proudly骄傲地。根据上文中的“Thefather-to-belookedaroundanxiously,tryingtoseek____1____forhisdearcompanion.”以及下文中的“feelingguilty”可知，这只准父亲对现在的处境很是担心，对自己的伴侣充满了关爱，所以，看他自己的伴侣时应该是“温柔地”。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们渴望一个温暖干燥的地方。A.waited等待；B.prepared准备；C.cheered欢呼；D.longed渴望。根据上文中的“shelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.”可知，这只母比格犬应该是怀着小狗，在这种天气状况下，“渴望”找一个干燥的地方。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她的生产的时刻来临时，绝不能在这条路上。A.trouble麻烦；B.opportunity机会；C.time时间；D.turn转弯。结合语境和下文中的“itmustnotbeoutherealongtheroadway.”可知，此处指的是这只准妈妈要产小狗的“时刻”。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，县野生动物官员格斯·基贝尔(GusKiebel)在下班开车回家的路上发现了这对大熊猫。A.life生活，生命；B.luck运气；C.history历史；D.news新闻。根据下文中的“GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,whowasdrivinghomefromwork,spottedthepair.”可知，一位乡村野生动物官员开车回家看到了他们，由此可知，对他们来说“幸运”降临了。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他立刻把车停在路边。A.pulledover靠边停车；B.turnedup出现；C.headedoff阻挡；D.spedup加速。根据下文中的“Thebeaglesmadenoeffortto____7____whenGusbentdownandstretchedouthishandstothem.”可知，这位野生动物官员弯腰向他们伸出双手，说明他把车“停了下来”。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当格斯弯下腰向小猎犬们伸出双手时，小猎犬们并没有试图逃跑。A.submit提 交；B.bark吠叫；C.struggle奋斗；D.escape逃跑。根据下文中的“Gus____8____theirtags（狗牌）byhistruck’sheadlightsandtriedtoring,butthefallingsnow____9____thescreen.”可知，Gus试图看一下狗牌了解够的相关信息，由此可知，这对狗没有要“逃离”的意思。故选D项。28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯在他的卡车前灯下阅读了他们的标签(狗牌)，并试图按铃，但飘落的雪使屏幕模糊了。A.tore撕裂；B.adjusted调整；C.untied解开；D.read阅读。根据常识可知，要了解狗牌上的信息，应该是“阅读”狗牌上的标签信息。故选D项。29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯在他的卡车前灯下阅读了他们的标签(狗牌)，并试图按铃，但飘落的雪使屏幕模糊了。A.colored变色；B.misted结满雾气；C.dusted擦灰；D.damaged损害。结合语境可知，雪夜里，天气很冷，手机的屏幕会“变得模糊”。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把狗放在卡车里，擦干手机，又打了一次电话。A.dried干燥；B.charged收费；C.examined检查；D.grabbed抓起。根据上文中的“andtriedtoring,butthefallingsnow____9____thescreen.”可知，手机的屏幕变模糊，所以此处Gus再打电话要首选“擦干”手机。故选A项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个男人接了电话，当格斯告诉他打电话的原因时，他立刻变得很有戒心。A.persuasive有说服力的；B.defensive防御的；C.curious好奇的；D.grateful感激的。根据下文中的““Ialreadygavethemaway,”themanrespondedcoldly.”可知，这对狗是被遗弃的，所以听到打电话的原因是，主人会有“防御性”，担心把狗再送回。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，这些小猎犬是被遗弃的。A.discovered发现；B.licensed许可；C.identified辨别；D.abandoned放弃。根据上文中的““Ialreadygavethemaway,”themanrespondedcoldly.”可知，这只狗是被“遗弃”了。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到他们乞求的大眼睛，格斯感到心痛。A.racing参加比赛；B.sinking下沉；C.aching疼痛；D.beating击打。根据上文中的“Meetingtheirlargebeggingeyes,”和语境可知，作为野生动物官员，看到被遗弃的狗的那种祈求的眼神，会觉得“心痛”。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“把它们放回雪地里是不可能的，”格斯心想，“我必须把它们带回家。”A. blue蓝色；B.question问题；C.way方式；D.world世界。根据上文中的“Meetingtheirlargebeggingeyes,Gusfelthisheart____13____.”可知，这么善良的野生动物官员，是不会再把这对比格犬放回到雪地，outofthequestion意为“不可能的”符合语境。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的故事，但它道出了我们最好的本性：善良和爱可以让残酷和寒冷远离我们。A.bay海湾；B.hand手；C.ease舒适；D.peace和平。根据上文中的“It’sasimplestory,butitspeakstothebestofournature”以及本文讲述的故事可知，此处为该故事的寓意：善良和爱使得残酷与寒冷远离我们，keepsb/sthatbay意为“不让……接近”符合语境。故选A项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChatGPTnetted1millionusersin5days.For____36____(compare),it,reportedly,tookInstagram2.5monthstoreachthesamenumberofusers.Prettywild!ChatGPT,GenerativePre-trainedTransformer,isachatbot____37____(launch)byOpenAIinNovember2022.____38____(specific)designedtointeractinaconversationalway,itworkslikeawrittendialoguebetweentheAIsystemandthepersonaskingitquestions.Onceorders____39____(input),itiscapableofunderstandingthecontextofconversationsandrespondingtoawiderangeofrequestsinanaturaland____40____(engage)way.Itmimics(模仿)human-likeresponseswithAI-generatedcontents____41____assistspeoplewithtaskslikewritingessays,makingbusinessproposals,creatingpoemsandevencheckingforprogrambugs.Theoutputsareamazinglyvaried____42____(depend)onwhoiswritingtheorders.Everycoinhastwosides,____43____thesayinggoes.ThoughChatGPT’simpressiveefficiencyandhelpfulinformationmighttakebreathaway,itmaysometimesgenerateincorrectorinappropriateresponses.Overall,ChatGPThastaken____44____bigstepforwardforAI.Willitreplacehumanintelligenceortakeovercreativetasks?Alarmist?Onlytimewilltell.Rightnow,whatshouldbedoneistodefine____45____(policy)andguidelines,soitcanbeusedmorallyandresponsibly.【答案】36.comparison37.launched38.Specifically39.areinput##inputted40.engaging41.and42.depending43.as44.a 45.policies【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是ChatGPT这种聊天机器人。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：为了比较，据报道，Instagram花了2.5个月的时间才达到相同的用户数量。forcomparison是固定短语，意为“为了比较”，因此空格处是comparison。故填comparison。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT，GenerativePre-trainedTransformer，是OpenAI在2022年11月推出的聊天机器人。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填launched。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：它是专门为对话方式进行交互而设计的，工作方式就像人工智能系统和提问者之间的书面对话。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，specific的副词是specifically，意为“专门地”。故填Specifically。【39题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：一旦输入命令，它就能够理解对话的上下文，并以自然和吸引人的方式对广泛的请求做出响应。命令是被输入，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语orders是复数，与谓语为被动关系。因此空格处是areinput/inputted。故填areinput/inputted。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：一旦输入命令，它就能够理解对话的上下文，并以自然和吸引人的方式对广泛的请求做出响应。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词way，engage的形容词是engaging，意为“吸引人的”。故填engaging。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：它用人工智能生成的内容模仿类似人类的反应，并帮助人们完成写论文、写商业提案、写诗甚至检查程序错误等任务。mimics和assists是并列的动作，且句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and连接两句话，故填and。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据编写指令的人的不同，输出的变化惊人。句中谓语是areamazinglyvaried，空格处用非谓语动词，前面所描述的动作和dependon之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，故填depending。 【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：俗话说，事物都有两面性。asthesayinggoes是固定短语，意为“俗话说”，因此空格处是as，故填as。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：总的来说，ChatGPT在人工智能领域迈出了一大步。step表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，big是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。【45题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：现在，我们应该做的是制定政策和指导方针，这样人们就可以在道德上和负责任地使用它。policy为可数名词，前无不定冠词修饰和限定，所以空格处用名词的复数，故填policies。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假设你是李华。你校英文网站新增了AmazingChina栏目，请你给该栏目投稿，介绍一个你最喜欢的地方。内容包括：1.该地的基本情况；2.该地的特色；3.你的印象和感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ThePlaceILikeBest___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】ThePlaceILikeBestAmust-seescenicspotIfancymostistheWestLake,aworld-renownedattraction.ItislocatedinHangzhou,alsoreferredtoasHeavenonEarth.Duetoitsstunningnaturalbeauty,likeThreePondsMirroringtheMoon,andnumeroustalesfullofliterarysignificance,itislistedasoneoftheworld’sculturalheritages.AlsoofprimarynoteisthelocalcuisinesuchasBeggar’sChickenandDongpoPork,whichenjoys lastingpopularityathomeandabroad.Youcannotfailtogetfascinatedbythisdelightfuldestination.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校英文网站AmazingChina栏目投稿，介绍一个自己最喜欢的地方。【详解】1.词汇积累喜欢：fancy→love被视为：bereferredtoas→beregardedas吸引：fascinate→attract令人愉快的：delightful→pleasant2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Duetoitsstunningnaturalbeauty,likeThreePondsMirroringtheMoon,andnumeroustalesfullofliterarysignificance,itislistedasoneoftheworld’sculturalheritages.拓展句：BecauseHangzhouisfullofstunningnaturalbeauty,likeThreePondsMirroringtheMoon,andnumeroustalesfullofliterarysignificance,itislistedasoneoftheworld’sculturalheritages.【点睛】【高分句型1】Amust-seescenicspotIfancymostistheWestLake,aworld-renownedattraction（运用了省略引导词which或者that的定语从句）【高分句型2】AlsoofprimarynoteisthelocalcuisinesuchasBeggar’sChickenandDongpoPork,whichenjoyslastingpopularityathomeandabroad.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheRightThingMymotherworkedasahousekeeperandshewasoftengivenusedtoysaswellasmanyothergoodiesbyherclients.MyeldersisterandIalwayslovedsharingtherecycledbooksandboardgamesbroughthomebymybelovedmom,whichweconsideredgreatgiftslifepresentedus.Thelong-awaitedChristmasfinallyapproached.OneDecemberday,anoldmodeltoycararrivedintheloadofgoods.Itwasaslongasmyforearmandtookbothhandstolift.Mysisterdidn’twantit,soitwasallmine.Iimmediatelysetdowntowipingitcleanandpolishingittoabrightcandy-applered.Itturnedtobeathingofbeauty,andIbecameoverjoyedatpossessingit.Myeldersisterwasamazedatthenewly-polished,refreshingtoycar,withahintofregretandenvyinhereyes. Aswasplanned,ourrelativesfromFrancecametovisitusthatChristmas.Itwasatimewhenthefamilybondgotstrengthened.IsharedtheprizedtoycarwithAlex,myyoungFrenchcousin.Eyesgluedtoit,hefellinlovewiththewonderful,shinyredautomobiletheinstanthesawit.Itwasararemomenttoseehimfeelingsorelievedandhappy.He’dbeenunluckysofarinlife,sufferingsevere,life-threateningillnessesasachild,leavinghimmentallyandphysicallystuckandthefamilystarvedofcash.Ofcourse,suchlovelytoyslikemydearmodelcarwereunreachabledreamsforhim.SeeingAlex’sconsumingthrillbroughtbytheredcar,Iwasseizedbyimmensejoyaswell.ButcontrarytoAlex’sexcitement,avoiceinsidemeconstantlyreminded,“Watchout!He’dkeepitforhimself.”,whichgotmefaintlyworried.Ifollowedmycousinforfearofsomething.MymotheralsonoticedAlex’sfondnessforthecar.Approachingme,sheaskedgentlyinalowvoice,“WouldyouliketogiveittoAlex?”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Givingorkeeping?Istruggledwithmyself.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Inthemomentofparting,mymodelcarwentwithAlex.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Givingorkeeping?Istruggledwithmyself.Givingit?HardlycouldIimaginelifewithoutthemodelcar!Afterall,itwasmymostprecioustreasure,whichIhadbeenproudof.Myheartkeptachingattheprospectofgivingitaway.Nope!Ishookmyheaddeterminedly.Glancingatmymother’sexpectanteyes,Icouldn’thelpsobbing. Keepingit?Definitely,itwouldotherwiseupsetAlex.Tornbetweenthetwotoughchoices,Iwastotallyataloss.Nevertheless,deepdown,IcouldfeelmyaffectiontoAlex.Yep!Iresolvedtodotherightthing.Inthemomentofparting,mymodelcarwentwithAlex.ThoughIwascrushedtoseeitgo,myheartsangwhenIsawhisbeamingfaceashetightlyclutchedit.Seeingthethumbs-upfrommymotherandsister,Ididswellwithrelief,prideandjoy,forIknewitwasnotagift;tosomeextent,itwasourconcernandloveforhim.Plus,sharingthemodelcaralsostrengthenedourbond,which,Iwasfullyconvinced,wouldalwaysuplifthim.Aneffortmadeforthehappinessofothersliftedusaboveourselvesaswell.【解析】【导语】本文以故事发展的线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节临近的一天，收到了一辆老式二手玩具车，作者把他打磨的光亮，姐姐都很羡慕，在圣诞节，作者法国的亲戚来拜访作者一家，作者的表弟似乎是喜欢上了这辆红色的汽车玩具，作者有点担心。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“给他还是自己留着，我很挣扎”可知，第一段可描写作者内心所想，以及作者听到母亲的问题后的反应。结合第二段的首句“在离别的那一刻，我的模型车和亚历克斯一起去了”可知，该段要提到作者最后决定把车给了表弟。②由第二段首句内容“在离别的那一刻，我的玩具车和亚历克斯一起去了”可知，第二段可描写作者在送给表弟玩具车后的心理动态，以及分享玩具会给作者带来什么。2.续写线索：送与不送的挣扎——送给表弟玩具的痛苦——想到表弟对玩具渴望后的决定——表弟带玩具离开——分享带给作者的快乐——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①.哭泣：sob/weep/burstintotears/burstoutcrying②.抓住：clutch/grab/seize/grab/grip③.振奋：uplift/refresh情绪类①.坚定：determinedly/firmly②.快乐：joy/delight/bewildwithjoy【点睛】[高分句型1].Afterall,itwasmymostprecioustreasure,whichIhadbeenproudof.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2].Seeingthethumbs-upfrommymotherandsister,Ididswellwithrelief,prideandjoy,forIknewitwasnotagift;tosomeextent,itwasourconcernandloveforhim.（运用了现在分词作状语以及for连接的因 果关系的并列句）[高分句型3].Plus,sharingthemodelcaralsostrengthenedourbond,which,Iwasfullyconvinced,wouldalwaysuplifthim.（运用了动名词短语作主语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）