广东省广州市真光中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学测试试题（Word版附解析）

广州市真光中学2024届高三开学质量检测高三英语第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节、阅读理解(共15小题，每题2.5分，共37.5)AThesescience-themedfieldtripswillofferyoufantasticexperiences.London’ssitesofscientificinterestExploreLondon’snotablesitesofscientificinterestalongtheRiverThames,startingatKewBridgeandwalkingtotheThamesBarrierduringthedaywithtalksintheeveningwithsomeprofessors.VisittheLondonWetlandCentre,KewGardens,BatterseaPowerStation,andtheGreenwichObservatory.Youwillneverbefarfromtheriverasyouexperienceawiderangeoftopicsincludingwildlife,medicine,powergeneration,engineering,physicsandastronomy.ThesciencehistoryofScotlandDiscoverEdinburghandGlasgow’smostfamousscientificthinkers,andlearnhowtheirideassupportedouremergingunderstandingoftheworldfromthe16thcenturyonwards.EnjoyexperttalksandexplorekeysitesfromtheScottishEnlightenment(启蒙).Learnaboutthewidecastofadvocatesandhearfromguestspeakers,takepartinwalkingseminars(研讨会)andenjoyseveralmuseumtrips,aswellasvisitstotwoindustrialwonders,theFalkirkWheelandtheWhiteleeWindfarm.Pre-HistoricSouthwestEnglandInvolveyourselfintheearlyhumanperiodstheBronzeandIronAges.Agentlewalkingtourthatexploresthepre-historicoriginsandevidenceacrossWiltshireandDorset.VisitseveralNationalTrust,EnglishHeritageandUNESCOlistedsitesincludingStonehengeandMaidenCastleandheartalksfromthedirectorsoftheWiltshireandSalisburymuseums.1.WhichsitecanyouvisitalongtheRiverThames?A.MaidenCastle.B.TheFalkirkWheel.C.TheWetlandCentre.D.TheSalisburymuseums.2.WhatisthevisittotheSouthwestEnglandaimedat?A.Acloserlookatthepast.B.Abriefexposuretonature.,C.Anewviewaboutmysteries.D.Adeeperunderstandingofart.3.Whatcanvisitorsexpectduringallthethreetrips?A.Talkswithexperts.B.Visitstomuseums.C.Historyexplorations.D.Scientificresearch.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了以科学为主题的旅行。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据London’ssitesofscientificinterest中的第二段“VisittheLondonWetlandCentre,KewGardens,BatterseaPowerStation,andtheGreenwichObservatory.(参观伦敦湿地中心、邱园、巴特西发电站和格林威治天文台。)”可知，沿着泰晤士河你可以参观到湿地中心。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Pre-HistoricSouthwestEngland中的第一段“InvolveyourselfintheearlyhumanperiodstheBronzeandIronAges.Agentlewalkingtourthatexploresthepre-historicoriginsandevidenceacrossWiltshireandDorset.(让自己置身于人类早期的青铜和铁器时代。一次温和的徒步旅行，探索威尔特郡和多塞特郡的史前起源和证据。)”可知，访问英格兰西南部的目的是仔细看看过去。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据London’ssitesofscientificinterest中的第一段“ExploreLondon’snotablesitesofscientificinterestalongtheRiverThames,startingatKewBridgeandwalkingtotheThamesBarrierduringthedaywithtalksintheeveningwithsomeprofessors.(沿着泰晤士河探索伦敦著名的科学景点，从邱桥开始，白天步行到泰晤士河屏障，晚上听取一些教授演讲。)”、ThesciencehistoryofScotland中的第二段“EnjoyexperttalksandexplorekeysitesfromtheScottishEnlightenment(启蒙).(享受专家讲座，探索苏格兰启蒙运动的重要遗址。)”和Pre-HistoricSouthwestEngland中的第二段“VisitseveralNationalTrust,EnglishHeritageandUNESCOlistedsitesincludingStonehengeandMaidenCastleandheartalksfromthedirectorsoftheWiltshireandSalisburymuseums.(参观几个国家信托、英国遗产和联合国教科文组织列出的景点，包括巨石阵和少女城堡，并听取威尔特郡和索尔兹伯里博物馆馆长的演讲。)”可知，在这三次旅行中，游客可以听取专家的演讲。故选A。B,Asparents,wealwayshopetodevelopcharactertraitsinourchildrenthatwillenhancetheirsuccessinlife.WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.DerToothFairy，Plezelevemeyormajikwand(杖).Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.LuvMeeganRecognizingpotentialleadershipskills,preciousopportunityandtheteachablemoment,the“ToothFairy”leftthefollowingnoteforlittleMeegan:DearMeegan,IhaveworkedhardtobeagoodToothFairyandIlovemyjob.Youaretooyoungforthejobjustnow,soIcannotgiveyoumywand.Buttherearesomethingsthatyoucanstarttodotoprepareyourselfforthejob:1)Alwaysdoyourbestineveryjobthatyoudo.2)Treatallpeopleasyouwishtobetreated.3)Bekindandhelpfultoothers.4)Alwayslistencarefullywheneverpeoplespeaktoyou.Iwillinterviewyouonedaywhenyouareolderandreadyforthejob.GoodLuckMeegan!TheToothFairyMeeganwasthrilledattheresponsefromtheToothFairy.Shetookthemessagetoheartandcarefullyfollowedtheinstructions,alwaysworkingtoimproveasshegrew.Hercharacter,herstrengthandherleadershipskillsgrewrightalongwithher.Aftergraduatingmagnacumlaude(以优秀成绩)fromcollege,Meeganacceptedachallengingmanagementposition.Sheexcelled,andbyage27,shewasthetopmanagerofthecompany.OnedayMeeganandIweretalkingabouthersuccess.Shetoldmethatthecompanypresidenthadonceaskedherwhatinfluenceshadmotivatedhertowardsuccess.“Whatdidyoutellhim?”Iasked.Shereplied,“Myparents,myteacherandmyfriends.And,ofcourse,theToothFairy!”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theteachablemoment”referto?A.Meeganlostatooth.B.Meeganwrappedatooth.C.Meeganwroteanote.D.Meeganreceivedanote.5.WhowrotethereplynotetoMeegan?,A.TheToothFairy.B.Herparents.C.Herteacher.D.Herfriends.6.WhywasthemessagesocarefullyfollowedbyMeegan?A.IthelpedMeeganseehergoalreachable.B.ItpromisedMeeganahigh-rankingposition.C.ItdemonstrateddesirablecharactertraitstoMeegan.D.IttaughtMeegantobuildenjoyableinterpersonalrelationships.7.HowdidMeeganbecomesosuccessful?A.Shewasgiftedwithsupernaturalpower.B.Shewasappreciatedforoutstandingtalent.C.Shewasmotivatedtodevelopfinequalities.D.Shewasencouragedtoworkinachallengingposition.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了一个父母如何通过一个牙仙子写的纸条来培养女儿的性格特征以及女儿如何通过遵循这些指示走向成功并感谢牙仙子的教导。主要强调了做好准备、待人友善、乐于助人等品质对于成功的重要性。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段“WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.Plezelevemeyormajikwand.Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.(当我们的女儿Meegan，五个孩子中最大的一个，在六岁时失去了门牙时，我们发现下面的纸条包裹在这颗小牙齿上。请给我你的魔杖，我也想成为一名牙仙。)”可知，Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望，父母抓住这个教育的契机，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子进行交流。所以“theteachablemoment(可教的时刻)”指的是Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望（Meeganwroteanote），父母抓住这个教育的契机。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.Plezelevemeyormajikwand.Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.(当我们的女儿Meegan，五个孩子中最大的一个，在六岁时失去了门牙时，我们发现下面的纸条包裹在这颗小牙齿上。请给我你的魔杖，我也想成为一名牙仙。)”和“Recognizingpotentialleadershipskills,preciousopportunityandtheteachablemoment,the“ToothFairy”leftthefollowingnoteforlittleMeegan(认识到潜在的领导技能、宝贵的机会和，“牙仙”给小米根留下了以下便条。)”可知，Meegan给,牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望，父母抓住这个教育的契机“theteachablemoment(可教的时刻)”，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子进行交流。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据“IhaveworkedhardtobeagoodToothFairyandIlovemyjob.Youaretooyoungforthejobjustnow,soIcannotgiveyoumywand.Buttherearesomethingsthatyoucanstarttodotoprepareyourselfforthejob.(我一直努力成为一个好的牙仙，我热爱我的工作。你还太年轻，不能胜任刚才的工作，所以我不能把魔杖给你。但你可以开始做一些事情来为这份工作做好准备。)”和“MeeganwasthrilledattheresponsefromtheToothFairy.Shetookthemessagetoheartandcarefullyfollowedtheinstructions,alwaysworkingtoimproveasshegrew.(米根对牙仙子的回应感到非常激动。她把这一信息牢记在心，并认真遵循指示，始终努力随着成长而进步。)”可知，Meegan根据牙仙子的要求，努力做好自己，以期早日达到牙仙子所提出的要求，实现自己的愿望。A选项“IthelpedMeeganseehergoalreachable.（这帮助米根看到了自己的目标。）”符合原文意思。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据“MeeganwasthrilledattheresponsefromtheToothFairy.Shetookthemessagetoheartandcarefullyfollowedtheinstructions,alwaysworkingtoimproveasshegrew.Hercharacter,herstrengthandherleadershipskillsgrewrightalongwithher.(米根对牙仙子的回应感到非常激动。她把这一信息牢记在心，并认真遵循指示，始终努力随着成长而进步。她的性格、她的力量和她的领导能力都随着她的成长而成长。)”可知，收到牙仙子的回复，Meegan非常激动，并把她的话记在心里去实施，努力做到。C项“Shewasmotivatedtodevelopfinequalities.(她被激励去培养优秀的品质。)”与原文意思一致。故选C。CLastyear,138,000SanFranciscoresidentsusedAirbnb,apopularappdesignedtoconnecthomerentersandtravelers.It’sastrikingnumberforacitywithapopulationofabout850,000,anditwasenoughforAirbnbtowinamajorvictoryinlocalelections,asSanFranciscovotersstruckdownadebatablerulethatwouldhaveplacedtimerestrictionsandotherregulationsonshort-termrentalservices.Thecompanyfiercelyopposedthemeasure,PropositionF,withanearly$10millionadvertisingcampaign.ItalsocontacteditsSanFranciscanuserswithmessagesurgingthemtovoteagainstPropositionF.MostpeoplethinkofAirbnbasakindofcouch-surfingapp.Theserviceworksforone-nightstaysonroadtripsandlongerstaysincities,anditoftenhasmorecompetitivepricingthanhotels.It’satextbookexampleofthe“sharingeconomy”,butnoteveryoneisafan.TheapphashadunintendedconsequencesinSanFrancisco.AstheSanFranciscoChroniclereportedlastyear,asignificantamountofrentingonAirbnbisnotinlinewiththecompany’simage:middle-classfamilies,puttingupaspareroomtohelpmakeendsmeet.Someusershavetakenadvantageoftheservice,usingittoturntheirmultiplepropertiesintovacationrentalsorevenfull-timerentals.BackersofPropositionFarguedthatthistrendtakesspacesofftheconventional,better-regulatedhousingmarketandcontributestorisingcosts.“Thefactis,widespreadabuseofshort-termrentalsistakingmuchneededhousingoffthemarketandharmingourneighborhoods,”saidShareBetterSF,agroupthatsupportedPropositionF.Hotelunionshaveprotestedthecompany’spracticesinSanFranciscoandothercities,sayingthatitcreatesanillegalhotelsystem.SanFranciscoisinthemiddleofalong-term,deeplyrootedhousingcrisisthathasseenthecostoflivingexplode.Actually,explodeisagenerousterm.Theaveragemonthlyrentforanapartmentisaround$4,000.Locatedonanarrowoutcroppingoflandoverlookingthebay,SanFranciscosimplydoesn’thaveenoughspacetoaccommodatethemassiveinflowofyoung,high-salariedtechemployeesflockingtoSiliconValley.AstheLosAngelesTimesreported,someSanFranciscoresidentssupportedthemeasuresimplybecauseitseemedlikeawaytocheckabigcorporation.OpponentsofPropositionFcounteredthatthehousingcrisisrunsmuchdeeper,andthatpassingtherulewouldhavediscouragedapopularservicewhiledoinglittletosolvethecity’sexistingproblems.8.TheintentionofPropositionFisto________.A.placetimelimitsinlocalelection.B.setlimitsonshort-termrental.C.strikedownacontroversialrule.D.urgeuserstovoteagainstAirbnb.9.WhatisthenegativeconsequenceofAirbnbonSanFrancisco?A.Itshrinksthelivingspaceofmiddle-classfamilies.B.Usersaretakenadvantageofbytheservicefinancially.CItmakesthehousemarketmorecompetitive.D.Itindirectlyleadstohighhouserentalprice.10.ThehousingcrisisinSanFranciscoresultsfrom________.A.explosionofthelivingcostB.itsgeographiccharacteristicsC.generosityoflocalenterprisesD.inflowofmigrantpopulation11.Theauthor’sattitudetowardPropositionFis________.A.objectiveB.supportiveC.negativeD.indifferent【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.A【解析】,【分析】这是一篇议论文。旧金山提出了一项F提案限制房子短期租赁，这使得短期租赁软件Airbnb的很多用户反应激烈。文章介绍了Airbnb软件的影响和F提案支持者和反对者的看法。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“…asSanFranciscovotersstruckdownadebatablerulethatwouldhaveplacedtimerestrictionsandotherregulationsonshort-termrentalservices.(……因为旧金山选民推翻了一项有争议的规定，该规定将对短期租赁服务设置时间限制和其他规定。)”可知，F提案的目的是限制短期租赁。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“BackersofPropositionFarguedthatthistrendtakesspacesofftheconventional,better-regulatedhousingmarketandcontributestorisingcosts.(F提案的支持者认为，这种趋势使传统的、监管更好的住房市场失去了空间，并导致成本上升。)”可知，Airbnb对旧金山的负面影响是它间接导致了房屋租金高。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Locatedonanarrowoutcroppingoflandoverlookingthebay,SanFranciscosimplydoesn’thaveenoughspacetoaccommodatethemassiveinflowofyoung,high-salariedtechemployeesflockingtoSiliconValley.(旧金山坐落在一块可以俯瞰海湾的狭长裸露土地上，没有足够的空间容纳大量涌入硅谷的年轻高薪技术员工。)”可知，旧金山的住房危机是流动人口流入造成的。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thecompanyfiercelyopposedthemeasure,PropositionF,withanearly$10millionadvertisingcampaign.(该公司用近1000万美元的广告活动强烈反对F提案。)”和最后一段中“OpponentsofPropositionFcounteredthatthehousingcrisisrunsmuchdeeper,andthatpassingtherulewouldhavediscouragedapopularservicewhiledoinglittletosolvethecity’sexistingproblems.(反对F提案的人反驳说，住房危机要严重得多，通过这项规定只会阻碍一项受欢迎的服务，而对解决城市现有的问题几乎没有帮助。)”可知，作者呈现了F提案反对者的观点；第四段中“BackersofPropositionFarguedthatthistrendtakesspacesofftheconventional,better-regulatedhousingmarketandcontributestorisingcosts.(F提案的支持者认为，这种趋势使传统的、监管更好的住房市场失去了空间，并导致成本上升。)”可知，作者呈现了F提案支持者的观点，因此在本文中，作者呈现了F提案反对者和支持者的相关观点，但是作者自己没有明确表示自己的立场，因此作者对F提案的态度是客观的。故选A项。DHumansarenottheonlyoneswhounderwentself-domestication.Sodidourcloserelatives,thebonobos,andthespecieswecallourbestfriend.Atinyproportionofthegenomedifferentiatesdogsfromwolves,andyet,millionsofdogsarecomfortablycurledupinourhomes,whilewolvesmovearoundattheedgeofextinction.Whenourresearchgroupbeganitsworkalmost20yearsago,wediscoveredthatdogsalsohaveextraordinaryintelligence:theycanreadourgesturesbetterthananyotherspecies.Wolves,incontrast,aremysteriousandunpredictable.Theirhomeisthewilderness,andthatwildernessisshrinking.Butnotsolongagotheevolutionaryracebetweendogsandwolveswassoclose,itwasunclearwhowouldwin.Dogs,infact,didnotdescendfromwolves.Instead,dogsandwolvessharedawolflikeancestor.Folkloresupposesthathumansbroughtwolfpuppiesintocampanddomesticatedthem.OraswolfexpertDavidMechwrotein1974,“Evidentlyearlyhumanstamedwolvesanddomesticatedthem,eventuallyselectivelybreedingthemandfinallydevelopingthedomesticdogfromthem.”Butthisstoryhasnotheldup.Tamingananimaloccursduringitslifetime.Domesticationhappensovergenerationsandinvolveschangestothegenome.Sohowdidwolvesturnintodogs?BackintheIceAge,asourhumanpopulationsgrewmoresedentary,weprobablycreatedmorerubbish,whichwethendumpedoutsideourcamps.Theseleavingswouldhaveincludedtemptingpiecesoffoodforhungrywolves.Noteverywolfwouldhavebeenabletoscavenge,however.Theseanimalswouldhavehadtobeunafraidofhumans,andiftheydisplayedanyaggressiontowardus,theywouldhavebeenkilled.Aftergenerationsofselectionforfriendlinesswithoutintentionalselectionbyhumans,thisspecialpopulationofwolveswouldhavebeguntotakeonadifferentappearance.Coatcolor,ears,tails:allprobablystartedtochange.Animalsthatcouldrespondtoourgesturesandvoiceswouldbeextremelyusefulashuntingpartnersandguards.Theywouldhavebeenvaluableaswellfortheirwarmthandcompanionship,andslowlywewouldhaveallowedthemtomovefromoutsideourcampstoourfiresides.Wedidnotdomesticatedogs.Thefriendliestwolvesdomesticatedthemselves.12.Whatcanbesummarizedaboutwolvesanddogsfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Wolvesaresmarterthandogs.B.Theyareverymuchraciallydivided.C.Theyarecloserelativesbutdogsseemtobeonthewinningside.D.Dogshavemadetheirwaystoindoorlifewhilewolvestothewild.13.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“sedentary”inparagraph5?A.diverseB.limitedC.livinginthesameplaceD.involvingregularmigration14.Whatdoestheauthorconcludefromthehistoryofdogsandwolves?A.Dogsevolvedfromwolves.,B.Selectivebreedingdevelopeddomesticdogs.C.Taminganddomesticatingananimalarethesamething.D.Friendlinessasaqualitytranslatesintoanevolutionarystrategy.15.Whichofthefollowingissuitableforatitle?A.FromWolftoDogB.Dog:OurFavoritePetC.AnIntentionalDomesticationD.ACompetitionStorybetweenWolfandDog【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Atinyproportionofthegenomedifferentiatesdogsfromwolves,andyetmillionsofdogsarecomfortablycurledupinourhomes,whilewolvesmovearoundattheedgeofextinction.(狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”以及第三段中“Dogs,infact,didnotdescendfromwolves.Instead,dogsandwolvessharedawolflikeancestor.(事实上，狗并不是狼的后代。相反，狗和狼有着共同的类狼祖先)”可推知，从前三段可以总结出狼和狗是近亲，但狗似乎是赢家。故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“weprobablycreatedmorerubbish,whichwethendumpedoutsideourcamps.”可知，冰河时代，人类开始在同一个地方制造了更多的垃圾，然后把垃圾倒在营地外面，说明人类越来越多地选择住在同一个地方，垃圾才能堆积起来。画线词意思是“住在同一个地方”。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Aftergenerationsofselectionforfriendlinesswithoutintentionalselectionbyhumans,thisspecialpopulationofwolveswouldhavebeguntotakeonadifferentappearance.(经过几代人的友好选择，而不是人类的有意选择，这一特殊的狼群种群将开始呈现不同的外观)”以及最后一段中“Wedidnotdomesticatedogs.Thefriendliestwolvesdomesticatedthemselves.(我们没有驯养狗。最友善的狼驯化了自己)”可推知，作者从狗和狼的历史中得出的结论是：作为一种品质的友善可以转化为一种进化策略。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humansarenottheonlyoneswhounderwentself-domestication.Sodidourcloserelatives,thebonobos,andthespecieswecallourbestfriend.Atinyproportionofthegenomedifferentiatesdogs,fromwolves,andyetmillionsofdogsarecomfortablycurledupinourhomes,whilewolvesmovearoundattheedgeofextinction.(人类并不是唯一进行自我驯化的物种。还有我们的近亲倭黑猩猩，以及我们最好的朋友。狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”结合文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。可知，A选项“从狼到狗”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节、七选五(共5小题，每题2.5分，共12.5分)Colorisineverythingwetouch,taste,smellandfeel.Itevokes(唤起)emotionwithoutanythought.___16___Weareallfamiliarwithit,butdoyouknowthefollowingfacts?Silverwillsaveyourlife.Whenbuyinganewcarandfindingyourselffacingvariouschoices,youcan’tthinkclearly.Yourbestchoiceistogowithsilver.Silvercoloredcarsareleastlikelytobeinvolvedinacaraccident.___17___Anotherreasonisthesilvercolor'sabilitytohavealookofcleanliness.___18___Toughprisonersandcrazypatients？Itisthecolorcommonlyusedtohelpcalmdownthosewhoareoutofcontrol.Soitsurelyhasausefulplaceandapurpose,otherthandecoratingadressorBarbie'sdreamhouse.Yellowmakesyouhungry.Yellowandorangearenotrecommendedforuseinkitchens,astheyhaveapositiveinfluenceonyourappetite.___19___I’mnotnormallyoneforconspiracy(阴谋)theoriesbutperhapsthere’ssomethinginitforthemifweremainignorantofyellow’seffects.Colorisanimaginaryfriend.Technically,it’sallinourheads:colordoesnotexistatall.___20___So,ifyoustartaheateddebateovercolorcombinationswithsomeonethatyouarecertainhasalowIQorisjustcolorblind，rememberit'sapointlessargumentandyoushoulddropitinstantly.You'rebothwrong.A.Pinkcomfortsthenerves.B.Blueisthemostcommonfavoritecolor.C.Theyaremostnoticeableontheroadandinlowlight.D.Yellowcoloredwallsseldomleaveuswantingmorefood.E.Itcanbethefocusofourcareers,ourlifestyleandthefunwehave.F.Thenwherewouldourrestaurantownersbewithouttheclevertricks?G.Colortriestomakesenseofthehugeamountofinformationfromtheouterworld.【答案】16.E17.C18.A19.F20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一些色彩的作用。【16题详解】,根据上文的“Colorisineverythingwetouch,taste,smellandfeel.Itevokes(唤起)emotionwithoutanythought.”可知，色彩与人们的生活密切相关，可以唤起人们的情感。E项“色彩可以是我们事业的重点，我们的生活方式和我们的乐趣。”与此呼应。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文的“Silvercoloredcarsareleastlikelytobeinvolvedinacaraccident.”（银色汽车最不可能被卷入一场车祸。）以及下文的“Anotherreasonisthesilvercolor'sabilitytohavealookofcleanliness.”（另一个原因是银色的外观清洁。）可推知，银色引人注目，不易引起交通事故。故选C。【18题详解】根据下文的“Itisthecolorcommonlyusedtohelpcalmdownthosewhoareoutofcontrol.”（这种颜色通常用来帮助那些失去控制的人平静下来。）可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用。故选A。【19题详解】根据下文的Yellowmakesyouhungry.Yellowandorangearenotrecommendedforuseinkitchens,astheyhaveapositiveinfluenceonyourappetite.（黄色让你饿。黄色和橙色不推荐用于厨房，他们对你的食欲有一个积极的影响。）可推知，应选F项，餐馆老板利用色彩的作用招揽更多的顾客。故选F。【20题详解】根据上文的“Colorisanimaginaryfriend.Technically，it'sallinourheads:colordoesnotexistatall.”（颜色是假想的朋友。从技术上讲，这都是在我们的脑袋里：颜色根本不存在。）可推知，本段对色彩进行了综合性的客观描述，与G项吻合。故选G。【点睛】七选五阅读题，有部分题出现在每一段的开始位置，若问题在段首与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会有某种的衔接手段。本题第3小题，根据下文的“Itisthecolorcommonlyusedtohelpcalmdownthosewhoareoutofcontrol.”可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用。故选A。第二部分;语言运用(两节，满分30分)第一节、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)Anewweekbegan.Marcusenteredtheschool.____21____,hecriedout,“Whathappenedtothestadium?”Someonehadpaintedfacesonthestadiumwall!Allstudentswerewhisperingwith____22____aboutthegraffiti(涂鸦).Possibleexplanationsspreadlikewildfirearoundtheschool.Later,whenBriancleanedtheblackboard,Marcussuddenlyspottedthepaintonhishands.He____23____thatitwasBrianwhodidit.Afterschool,MarcusfollowedBrianand____24____onwhathewasdoing.WhenBrian,openedhislocker,Marcussawsmallcansofpaint!Hedecidedto____25____ittoMr.Johnson.Thenextmorning,Brianwascalledtotheprincipal’soffice.ThemomentMr.Johnson____26____askedaboutthegraffiti,Briancried.____27____,Brianexplainedthathelikedtopaint,buthecouldn’tjointheartclubbecausehehadtogo____28____homeafterschooltobabysithislittlebrother.“I’msorry.I’llcleanthestadium,”hesobbed.Thoughangryatfirst,Mr.Johnsonbegantosoftenasherealizedhow____29____Brianwas.“Brian,paintinggraffitionschoolwallsisaveryseriousmatter.Ofcourseyoushouldcleanand_____30_____thewall.”Mr.Johnsonpaused,“_____31_____Imustsay,thosepaintingsarequitegood.Didyoudoitalone?”Briannodded,“Yes.I’mgoodatpainting.”Mr.Johnsonthoughtforamomentbeforemakinga(n)_____32_____.“Well,”hesaid,“someteacherssuggestedthatwehirealocalartisttopaintourschoolmascotontheschoolwall.Wouldyouliketoparticipateinthat?”“Really?”Brianhesitated,_____33_____tobelieveit.“Yes,butit’shardwork,andwecanconsideritpartofyour_____34_____,”Mr.Johnsonsaid,tryingtohidehis_____35_____ashepickedupthephone.21.A.GraduallyB.GenerallyC.UsuallyD.Suddenly22.A.curiosityB.disappointmentC.fearD.relief23.A.wipedB.examinedC.scanned.D.suspected24A.spiedB.reflectedC.commentedD.hit25.A.makeB.reportC.describeD.retell26.A.hesitantlyB.patientlyC.directlyD.sympathetically27.A.AshamedB.SurprisedC.ExcitedD.Satisfied28.A.slowlyB.lateC.deliberatelyD.right29.A.fortunateB.miserableC.relaxedD.naughty30.A.repaintB.hideC.buildD.repair31.A.AndB.SoC.OrD.But32.A.promiseB.choiceC.decisionD.appointment33.A.unableB.unwillingC.unlikelyD.unhappy34.A.responsibilityB.talentC.devotionD.punishment35.A.regretB.angerC.smileD.pride【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.A25.B26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A,31.D32.C33.A34.D35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Brian因热爱画画而在学校体育场的墙上涂鸦，他被发现后主动承认了错误，老师被他的态度和对绘画的热爱打动，要求他参与绘画学校的吉祥物。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他喊道：“体育场怎么了？”A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Generally一般地；C.Usually通常；D.Suddenly突然。上文讲新的一周开始时Marcus走进了校园，空后讲他惊讶地发现体育场的墙被人画了脸，所以他应该是突然发出惊呼。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的学生都满怀好奇在窃窃私语地谈论涂鸦。A.curiosity好奇心；B.disappointment失望；C.fear害怕；D.relief宽慰。大家都不知道是谁干的，所以心怀好奇。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑是Brian干的。A.wiped擦；B.examined检查；C.scanned扫描；D.suspected怀疑。下文讲他跟着Brian，由此可推测他怀疑Brian。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学后，Marcus跟着Brian，监视他正在做的事情。A.spied从事间谍活动；B.reflected反映；C.commented评论；D.hit击。根据空后的“whathewasdoing”可知，Marcus跟踪Brian是为了监视他。spyon意为“监视”。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定向Johnson先生报告。A.make制作；B.report报告；C.describe描述；D.retell复述。根据上句“WhenBrianopenedhislocker,Marcussawsmallcansofpaint!(当Brian打开储物柜时，Marcus看到了小罐的颜料！)”可知，Marcus在跟踪的时候发现了可疑的事情，所以接下来应该是向老师报告情况。故选B。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Johnson先生一直接问起涂鸦的事，Brian就哭了。A.hesitantly犹豫地；B.patiently耐心地；C.directly直接地；D.sympathetically同情地。上文讲Brian被叫去了校长办公室，这说明校长已经了解了情况，所以这时就直接开门见山询问起来。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brian感到羞愧，解释说他喜欢画画，但他不能加入艺术俱乐部，因为他必须在放学后直接回家照顾他的弟弟。A.Ashamed惭愧，羞愧；B.Surprised惊讶的；C.Excited兴奋地；D.Satisfied满意的。根据上文中的“Briancried”和空后Brian,的解释可推测，他内心为自己的行为感到羞愧。故选A。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.slowly缓慢地；B.late迟到；C.deliberately故意地；D.right直接地，径直。根据空前的“buthecouldn’tjointheartclub”可推测他不能加入艺术俱乐部的原因是他没有时间，因为他放学后就得直接回家。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管Johnson先生一开始很生气，但当他意识到Brian是多么可怜时，他开始缓和了态度。A.fortunate幸运的；B.miserable可怜的；C.relaxed放松的；D.naughty淘气的。上文讲述了Brian因为必须在放学后直接回家照顾弟弟而不能加入艺术俱乐部，这说明他很可怜。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你当然应该把墙弄干净并重新粉刷一遍。A.repaint重新涂新涂料；B.hide隐藏；C.build建设；D.repair修理。在学校的墙上涂鸦是一种错误的行为，作为弥补，Brian应该清理干净墙壁并重新粉刷。故选A。【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我必须说，那些画很不错。A.And而且；B.So因此；C.Or或者；D.But但是。上文“Brian,paintinggraffitionschoolwallsisaveryseriousmatter.(Brian，在学校墙上涂鸦是一件非常严重的事情。)”表明了涂鸦的严重性，下文老师又说那些画不错，上下文是转折关系。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Johnson在做决定前思考了一会儿。A.promise承诺；B.choice选择；C.decision决定；D.appointment约定。根据空前的“thoughtforamoment”可知，他要就如何处理这件事做出决定。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真的吗？”Brian犹豫了一下，不敢相信。A.unable不能；B.unwilling不愿意的；C.unlikely不大可能；D.unhappy不开心的。根据空前的“Brianhesitated”可知，老师安排的这个好差事让Brian感到难以置信。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“是的，但这是一项艰苦的工作，我们可以将其视为对你的惩罚的一部分，”Johnson先生说，他拿起电话时试图掩饰自己的笑容。A.responsibility责任；B.talent天赋；C.devotion献身；D.punishment惩罚。根据上文中的“paintinggraffitionschoolwallsisaveryseriousmatter”可知，在学校墙壁上涂鸦是一件严重的事情，所以老师应该就这种行为处罚Brian，于是派给了Brian一件差事。故选D。,【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.regret遗憾；B.anger生气；C.smile微笑；D.pride自豪。上文讲老师同情Brian的情况，于是派给了他一件绘制学校吉祥物的差事，以满足Brian想要绘画的欲望，并以惩罚的名义让Brian用心去做，达到了两全其美的效果，所以老师内心应该是开心的，他的笑是满意的笑。故选C。第二节、语法填空(共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。Actingwas,isandalwayswillbethefirstloveoftheNationalPekingOperaCompany’snewvice-president,TianLei,ChenNanreports.HuguosiStreetwasoneofBeijing’s____36____(busy)commercialroadsintheoldendays.Italso____37____(house)theresidenceofPekingOperamasterMeiLanfang(1894-1961).NotfarfromMei’saddress,thefirsttheaterforPekingOpera____38____(perform)wascreatedin1954,fiveyearsafterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Theneighborhood____39____(change)overthedecades,butthetheaterstillstandstallandis____40____(current)managedbytheNationalPekingOperaCompany.TianLeitreasuresthehourshespendsthere,trainingandrehearsing(排练).Wearingacostumeand____41____(arm)withapropspear(道具长矛),the42-year-oldwalksconfidentlyacrossthestage,____42____(practise)avarietyofmartialartmovements,beforeendingthedrillwithaliangxiang(strikingaposeonthestage).Tianhasbeenworkingwiththeoperacompanyfor10years.Itspremises(处所)are____43____10-minutedrivefromthetheaterandhiscolleaguestrainthere.He,however,prefersthehistoricstage.“IcometothetheateralmosteverydaybecauseIenjoythepeaceandemptinessthisbuildingoffers.Rehearsingherehelpsmefeelcloser____44____thePekingOperamasters____45____oncegracedthestage,”hesays.【答案】36.busiest37.housed38.performances39.haschanged40.currently41.armed42.practising43.a44.to45.who##that【解析】,【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了京剧的发展和国家京剧公司新任副总裁田磊从事京剧演艺的经历。【36题详解】考查形容词的最高级。句意：古时候，护国寺街是北京最繁忙的商业道路之一。分析句意再根据“oneof+形容词最高级+复数名词”可知，此处应该用形容词的最高级形式。故填busiest。【37题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：它也是京剧大师梅兰芳(1894-1961)的住所。分析句式结构可知，空格处是谓语动词，根据上文中的was可知，本句的时态为一般过去时。故填housed。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：在离梅家不远的地方，1954年，也就是中华人民共和国成立五年后，第一家京剧表演剧院成立了。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词作介词的宾语，此处performance“表演”是可数名词，且前面没有冠词，所以用复数形式表泛指。故填performances。【39题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：几十年来，这个社区已经发生了变化，但剧院仍然屹立不倒，目前由国家京剧团管理。根据本句的时间状语overthedecades可知，本句的时态应该用现在完成时，主语Theneighborhood是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填haschanged。【40题详解】考查副词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，修饰动词managed应该用副词。故填currently。【41题详解】考查固定短语。句意：42岁的他穿着戏服，手持道具矛，自信地走在舞台上，练习各种武术动作，最后以一个“亮相”(在舞台上摆出一个姿势)结束练习。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用固定短语bearmedwith表示“装备有、配备有”，再分析句式结构，此处应省去be，用过去作状语。故填armed。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，又因为practise和逻辑主语the42-year-old之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语表主动关系。故填practising。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：田先生已经在剧团工作了10年。那里距离剧院有10分钟车程，他的同事们也在那里训练。分析句意可知，此处drive是名词，且10-minute以辅音因素开头，所以用冠词a泛指一个“10分钟车程”。故填a。【44题详解】考查介词。句意：“在这里排演让我感觉更接近曾经登上舞台的京剧大师，”他说。分析句意再根据空格前的closer可知，此处用介词to构成固定搭配closerto表示“更接近”符合语境。故填to。,【45题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词PekingOperamasters指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who/that来引导。故填who/that。第三部分写作(共40分)第一节、应用文写作(共15分)46.假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris想到中国读大学，学习并体验中国文化。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.推荐大学；2.你的理由；3.你的期待。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearChris,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearChris,HearingthatyouareeagertostudyinuniversityinChinaandexperienceinpersonourtime-honoredcivilization,Iammorethandelightedtoofferyousomeadvice.Givenyourabove-mentionedrequirements,PekingUniversityisanexcellentchoice,whichislocatedinourcapitalBeijing.RegardedasoneofthetopuniversitiesinChina,thishistoricinstituteoflearningboastsgoodeducationalresources,rangingfromcountlessdistinguishedprofessorstotheidealacademicatmosphere,whichfeedsyourneedofstudying.Plus,BeijingpossessesscenicspotsliketheImperialPalace,anepitomeofourhistory,whichwillgainyouadeeperinsightintooursplendidandprofoundculture.IsincerelyhopethatyourdreamofexperiencingChinainpersononedaywillcometrue.Yours,LiHuaDearChris,,Delightedtolearnthatyou’recomingtolearninChineseuniversity,I’mwritingtoexpressmywarmestwelcometoyou.GivenyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,IrecommendyouapplyforNanjingUniversity,whichisoneofthefirsttoenrollinternationalstudentsinChina.Withitsprofoundculture,high-qualityinstruction,richvarietyofcourses,wide-rangemajorsandabundantresearchopportunities,NanjingUniversityattractsstudentsandscholarsfromallovertheworld.Moreover,itislocatedinJiangsu,whichwillattractyouwithitsbeautifulsceneryandharmoniousculturalenvironment.Isincerelyhopeyourdreamwillcometrue.Ifyouhavefurtherquestions,don’thesitatetocontactme.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris想到中国读大学，学习并体验中国文化。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.推荐大学；2.你的理由；3.你的期待。【详解】1.词汇积累渴望：beeagertodo→longtodo实现：cometrue→fulfill高兴的：delighted→glad灿烂的：splendid→brilliant2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Givenyourabove-mentionedrequirements,PekingUniversityisanexcellentchoice,whichislocatedinourcapitalBeijing.拓展句：AfterIlearnedyourabove-mentionedrequirements,IthinkPekingUniversityisanexcellentchoice,whichislocatedinourcapitalBeijing.【点睛】[高分句型1]HearingthatyouareeagertostudyinuniversityinChinaandexperienceinpersonourtime-honoredcivilization,Iammorethandelightedtoofferyousomeadvice.(运用了that引导宾语从句)[高分句型2]Plus,BeijingpossessesscenicspotsliketheImperialPalace,anepitomeofourhistory,whichwillgainyouadeeperinsightintooursplendidandprofoundculture.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)第二节、读后续写(共25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Afreezingdownpourwashedthestreetinfrontofthesmall-townbar.Isatgazingintothewaterydarkness,,aloneasusual.Ihadbeeninthatoldbarforhalfanhour,quietlydrinking,whenmythoughtfuleyesfinallyfocusedonamedium-sizedlump(一团)inapuddle(水洼)ahundredfeetaway.Foranothertenminutes,Ilookedoutthroughthewindowtryingtodecideifthelumpwasananimalorjustsomething.Thenightbefore,aGermandognamedShephadcomeintothebarbeggingforpotatochips.Hewasstarvingandjustthesizeofthelumpinthepuddle.Whyshouldadoglieinacoldpuddleinthefreezingrain?Iaskedmyself.Theanswerwassimple:Eitheritwasn’tadog,oritwas,hewastooweaktogetup.Thewoundinmyrightshoulderachedallthewaydownmyfingers.Ididn’twanttogooutinthestorm.Heyitwasn’tmydog.Itwasjustastrayonacoldrainynight,alonelydrifter(流浪者).SowasI,Ithought,asItossed(扔)downwhatwasleftofmydrinkandheadedoutthedoor.Hewaslyinginthethreeinchesofwater.WhenItouchedhim,hedidn’tmove.Ithoughthewasdead.Iputmyhandsaroundhischestandraisedhimtohisfeet.Hestoodunsteadily,andhisheadhunglikeaweightattheendofhisneck.Hisfloppyearswerejusthairlesspiecesoffleshdottedwithopensores(伤口).“ComeonShep,”Isaid,leadinghimtoacornernexttothebar,wherehelayonthecoldcementandclosedhiseyes.AblockawayIcouldseethelightsofalate-nightconveniencestore.Itwasstillopen.Iboughtthreecansofdogfoodandfedhim.Hecouldn’tswallowbutpoorlylookatme.Hewasdying!注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thelocalvet(兽医)wasstillathisoffice,soIloadedthepoorcreatureintoataxiandheadedthere.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Threedayslater,whenIopenedthedoorofthevet’s,Shepwelcomedmewithwildenthusiasm.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Possibleversion:Thelocalvetwasstillathisoffice,soIloadedthepoorcreatureintoataxiandheadedthere.Afteraquickcheckonthepoordog,thevetshookhisheadwithregret.HepromisedmehewouldtryhisutmostbutShepwasunlikelytogetthroughitunlessthereisamiracle.Whilethevettreatedthesorescarefully,Itriedtodropwaterinhismouthandfedhimwithfoodbitbybit.Inevergaveuphopeofgettinghimsaved.ManytimesIwouldcaress,hisneck,whisperingintohisearstoencouragehimtoholdon.Hewassoweakthathehadtostayinthevet’s.Threedayslater,whenIopenedthedoorofthevet’s,Shepwelcomedmewithwildenthusiasm.Hewaggedhistailfromlefttorightasiftosay“Thankyou”.Hewasgainingstrengthandimprovingforthebetter.Tearsfillingmyeyes,Iknewalloureffortswereworthwhile.Soon,thedogrecoveredfromseveresoresandIadoptedhimandtookhimhome.Onceinawhile,IwouldgotothatbarwithShep,adrinkformyselfandaserveofpotatochipsforhim.WhatwouldhavehappenedifIhadn’tsteppedoutonthatstormynight?Careandkindnessreallymadeadifference,tobothofus.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者独自坐在小镇的老酒吧凝视着一百英尺外的水坑，水坑里有一团中等大小的东西，而外面在下着冰冷的大雨。经过长时间的思考，最终作者前去查看，发现水坑里确实是那只叫Shep的流浪狗，他已经奄奄一息。作者带Shep去看兽医，和兽医一起努力救助他。三天后作者再去诊所时Shep已经恢复体力，作者收养了他。【详解】1.段落续写：①.由第一段首句内容“当地的兽医还在他的办公室里，所以我把这可怜的动物装上一辆出租车直奔那里。”可知，第一段可描写作者带Shep去看兽医，和兽医一起努力救助他。②.由第二段首句内容“三天后，当我打开兽医诊所的门时，Shep热情地欢迎我。”可知，第二段可描写三天后作者再去诊所时Shep已经恢复体力，此后作者收养了他。2.续写线索：带Shep看兽医——情况不乐观——一起救助Shep——Shep得救了——收养了Shep——作者的感慨3.词汇激活行为类①.尽力：tryone’utmost/tryone’sbest②.低声说：whisper/mutter/speakinalowvoice情绪类①.小心地：carefully/withcare②.严重的：severe/serious/extremelybad【点睛】[高分句型1].HepromisedmehewouldtryhisutmostbutShepwasunlikelytogetthroughitunlessthereisamiracle.（运用了由unless引导的条件状语从句）[高分句型2].Whilethevettreatedthesorescarefully,Itriedtodropwaterinhismouthandfedhimwithfoodbitbybit.（运用了由while引导的时间状语从句）[高分句型3].Hewassoweakthathehadtostayinthevet’s.（运用了由so…that引导的结果状语从句）