北京市通州区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

通州区2022—2023学年第一学期高一年级期末质量检测英语试卷本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用(共三节，40分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ChineseoperaChineseoperaisoneofthethreeoldestdramaticartformsintheworld.DuringtheTangDynasty,anemperorestablisheda(n)____1____schoolnamedPearGarden.Fromthattimeon,____2____ofChineseoperawerereferredtoas“disciples(弟子)ofthePearGarden”.SincetheYuanDynastyithasbeen____3____bycourtofficialsandemperorsandhasbecomeatraditionalartform.DuringtheQingDynasty,itbecamefashionableamong____4____people.Performanceswerewatchedintearooms,restaurants,andstages.ManyofthefeaturesthatcharacterizemodernChineseoperadevelopedinNorthernChina,includingtheuseofcertainset____5____likeSheng(theman),Dan(thewoman),Jing(thepaintedface)andChou(theclown).Itdevelopedfromfolksongs,dances,talkingandespeciallydistinctive(独特的)dialectalmusic.Graduallyitcombinedmusic,artandliteratureintooneperformanceonthestage.Accompaniedby____6____musicalinstrumentslikeerhu,gong(锣),andlute(琵琶),actorspresentuniquemelodiesaswelldialogueswhicharebeautifullywrittenandofhighliteraryvalue.ForChineseespeciallyseniorpeople,tolistentothiskindofoperaisareal____7____.BeijingOperaisconsideredtobetheessenceofChineseoperabutactually,thelanguageofBeijingOperaisnotthedialectofBeijing.In1790,fourfamousoperaperformingteamstraveledtoBeijing.TheycreatedtheBeijingOperaby____8____theirlocaloperawiththeoperasinHubei,ShanxiandZhejiang.Itwas____9____tocreateanewoperabasedontheoperasfromthesepartsofChina.Atthebeginning,theBeijingOperawasonlypopularinroyalfamiliesandbeforetoolong,ithad_____10_____toeverypartofaChina.Now,peoplefromallwalksoflifelikeit.1.A.artB.danceC.operaD.musical2.A.listenersB.foundersC.fansD.performers3.A.programmedB.encouragedC.preparedD.designed4.A.seniorB.richC.ordinaryD.wise 5.A.charactersB.dialoguesC.actorsD.actresses6.A.modernB.traditionalC.dramaticD.different7A.desireB.attitudeC.pleasureD.expectation8.A.combiningB.comparingC.workingD.providing9.A.surprisingB.interestingC.shockingD.amazing10.A.sentB.spreadC.broughtD.belonged【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国戏曲艺术的发展历史。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐朝时，一位皇帝建了一所戏剧学校，名叫梨园。A.art艺术；B.dance舞蹈；C.opera戏剧；D.musical音乐片。根据“Chineseoperawerereferredtoas“disciples(弟子)ofthePearGarden”.”可知，梨园是中国唐代培养戏曲人才的机构。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，中国戏曲演员被称为“梨园弟子”。A.listeners听众；B.founders创立者；C.fans爱好者；D.performers表演者；演员。根据“disciples(弟子)ofthePearGarden”可知，梨园培养戏曲演员，所以过去称戏曲演员为“梨园子弟”。故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自元朝以来，它一直受到朝廷官员和皇帝的鼓励，并已成为一种传统的艺术形式。A.programmed编制程序；安排；B.encouraged鼓励；C.prepared准备；D.designed设计。根据“andhasbecomeatraditionalartform.”可知，戏曲已成为一种传统艺术形式，这与它一直受到朝廷官员和皇帝的“支持”分不开。故选B。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在清朝，它在普通百姓中成为一种时尚。A.senior高级的；B.rich富有的；C.ordinary普通的；D.wise明智的。根据“Performanceswerewatchedintearooms,restaurants,andstages.”可知，人们可以在茶室、餐厅和舞台上观看表演。这些场所并非大雅之堂，由此推断观看者是“普通”百姓。故选C。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代中国戏曲的许多特征都是在中国北方发展起来的，包括对某些特定角色的使用，如生（男人）、旦（女人）、净（花脸）和丑（小丑）。A.characters角色；B.dialogues对话；C. actors男演员；D.actresses女演员。根据“likeSheng(theman),Dan(thewoman),Jing(thepaintedface)andChou(theclown).”可知，文中的生（男人）、旦（女人）、净（花脸）和丑（小丑）是中国戏曲中人物角色的行当分类。故选A。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在二胡、锣、琵琶等传统乐器的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的旋律和优美的对白，具有很高的文学价值。A.modern现代的；B.traditional传统的；C.dramatic戏剧性的；D.different不同的。根据“likeerhu,gong(锣),andlute(琵琶),”可知二胡、锣、琵琶等乐器是中国传统乐器。故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于中国人，尤其是老年人来说，听这种歌剧是一种真正的乐趣。A.desire欲望；B.attitude态度；C.pleasure快乐；D.expectation期待。根据“ForChineseespeciallyseniorpeople,”可知，喜欢戏曲的大多为老年人，对他们而言听戏真是一种乐趣。故选C。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们把当地的戏曲与湖北、山西和浙江的戏曲结合起来，创造了京剧。A.combining结合；B.comparing比较；C.working工作；D.providing提供。根据“Itwas____9____tocreateanewoperabasedontheoperasfromthesepartsofChina.”可知，京剧是以中国这些地方戏曲为基础的一种新剧种。也就是说它把地方戏和湖北、山西、浙江的戏曲结合起来。故选A。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：以中国这些地区的戏曲为基础创作一部新戏曲，真是太棒了。A.surprising令人惊讶的（侧重“出人意料”）；B.interesting有趣的；C.shocking使人震惊的；D.amazing令人惊异的（侧重“令人惊叹的，很了不起”）。根据“”可知，根据上下文逻辑可知，要在中国这些地方戏的基础上创作出一种新剧并非易事，但京剧就这样诞生了，令人惊叹。故选D。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，京剧只在皇室中流行，不久，它就传播到了中国的每一个地方。A.sent发送；B.spread传播；C.brought带来；D.belonged属于。根据“DuringtheQingDynasty,itbecamefashionableamong____4____people.”可知，在清朝，戏曲成为时尚。由此推断出，当时它已经传播到中国的每一个地方。故选B。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeetagain.____11____strongsupportfromthegovernmentandtirelesseffortsofthecityspeople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcity____12____(become)ahometomorethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildfora____13____(bright)future.【答案】11.With12.hasbecome13.brighter【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要简述了唐山地震后的重建和恢复。【11题详解】考查介词。句意：由于在唐山人民的大力支持和不懈努力下，地震废墟上建起了一个新唐山。介词with意为“由于，因为”，表示原因。故填With。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：新城已经成为700多万人口的家园，交通、工业和环境都有了很大的改善。表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时。主语是Thenewcity，谓语动词用has。故填hasbecome。【13题详解】考查比较级。句意：唐山市向中国和世界证明，在灾难面前，人们必须团结起来，展现出保持积极和重建更光明未来的智慧。结合句意可知，用形容词bright的比较级形式。故填brighter。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theprojectbroughttogethergovernmentsandenvironmentalistsfromaroundtheworld.Templesandotherculturalsites____14____(take)downpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace____15____theyweresafefromthewater.In1961,Germanengineersmovedthefirsttemple.Overthenext20years,thousandsofengineersandworkers____16____(rescue)22templesandcountlessculturalrelics.Fifty____17____(country)donatednearly$80milliontotheproject.【答案】14.weretaken15.where16.rescued17.countries 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍来自世界各地的政府和环保人士拯救世界文化遗产所作的共同努力。【14题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除，然后搬到一个安全的地方重新组装起来。主语Templesandotherculturalsites为复数形式，且与动词take是被动关系，根据句意可知，事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。填weretaken。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除，然后搬到一个安全的地方重新组装起来。句中先行词为aplace，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：在接下来的20年里，成千上万的工程师和工人拯救了22座寺庙和无数的文物。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。故填rescued。【17题详解】考查名词的数。句意：50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8000万美元。数词Fifty后接可数名词的复数形式。故填countries。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theairisthinandwehavetorestseveraltimesontheshorthikefromcamp.Toourleft,snow-coveredmountainsdisappearintocloudsthatseemalmostcloseenough____18____(touch).Ontheplaininfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere-toobserveTibetanantelopes.TibetanantelopesliveontheplainsofTibet,Xinjiang,andQinghai.____19____(watch)themmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass,I’mstruckbytheirbeauty.I’malsoremindedofthedangertheywerein.Theywerehunted,____20____(illegal),forthetheirvaluablefur.【答案】18.totouch19.Watching20.illegally【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了作者观看藏羚羊的经历。【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的山脉消失在似乎触手可及的云层中。enough...todosth.“足够用来做某事”，用不定式作结果状语，故填totouch。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看着它们慢慢地在绿色的草地上移动，我被它们的美丽所打动。分析句子可知，watch用非谓语动词作状语，与逻辑主语I是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填Watching。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：因为它珍贵的羊毛，它们被非法猎取。修饰动词hunted用副词作状语，故填illegally。第三节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)从方框中选择合适的词语并用其适当的形式完成下列句子。dieout,makeout,relateto,adaptto,leadto,asif,dueto,makeprogress,referto,takepartin21.At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemed________theworldwerecomingtoanend!22.Youdon’tneedto________adictionaryeverytimeyoumeetwithanewwordwhilereading.Youcanguessitsmeaningfromthecontext.23.BythelightofthemoonIcouldjust________shapesandoutlines.24.Doeseachsentence________themainidea?25.Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobepreparedto________thechange.26.Bigchallenges,however,cansometimes________greatsolutions.27.Ifsomething________,itbecomeslessandlesscommonandeventuallydisappearscompletely.28.Aslongasyoustudyhard,youwillsurely________.29.Mostofthestudentsinourclass________thesportsmeetlastweek.30.Tomcamebacklate________acaraccidentonhiswayhome.【答案】21.asif22.referto23.makeout24.relateto25.adaptto26.leadto27.diesout28.makeprogress 29.tookpartin30.dueto【解析】【21题详解】考查固定句型。句意：凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃。好像世界末日就要到了！分析句子可知，该句为Itseemedasif…“看起来，似乎”的固定句型，满足句意要求。故填asif。【22题详解】考查动词短语。句意：在阅读过程中，你不需要每次遇到新单词都去查字典。你可以从上下文猜出它的意思。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语referto“参考，查阅”，满足句意要求，结合空前不定式符号to，可知为动词原形。故填referto。【23题详解】考查动词短语。句意：借着月光，我只能辨认出形状和轮廓。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语makeout“辨认出”，满足句意要求，结合空前could情态动词，可知为动词原形。故填makeout。【24题详解】考查动词短语。句意：每句话都与中心思想有关吗？根据句意可知，此处为动词短语relateto“与……有关”，满足句意要求，结合句首Does助动词可知为动词原形。故填relateto。【25题详解】考查动词短语。句意：世界将变得不同，我们必须做好适应这种变化的准备。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语adaptto“适应”，满足句意要求，结合空前不定式符号to，可知为动词原形。故填adaptto。【26题详解】考查动词短语。句意：然而，巨大的挑战有时可以带来伟大的解决方案。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语leadto“导致”，满足句意要求，结合空前can情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填leadto。【27题详解】考查动词短语。句意：如果某物灭绝的话它会越来越少最终直至消失。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语dieout“灭绝”，满足句意要求，根据主句谓语动词becomes判断从句用一般现在时，主语something不定代词为单数，所以为动词的三单形式。故填diesout。【28题详解】考查动词短语。句意：只要你努力学习，你一定会进步的。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语makeprogress“取得进步”，满足句意要求，结合空前助动词will，可知为动词原形。故填makeprogress。【29题详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们班大多数学生参加了上周的运动会。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语takepart in“参加”，满足句意要求，结合该句时间状语lastweek，可知为过去时。故填tookpartin。【30题详解】考查介词短语。句意：汤姆回来晚了，因为他在回家的路上出了车祸。根据句意可知，此处为介词短语dueto“因为”，满足句意。故填dueto。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，32分)第一节(共11小题;每小题2分，共22分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’dliketogosightseeing,thefollowingWorldHeritagesitesmaybeyourbestchoices.JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestAreaJiuzhaigouValley,whichliesinthenorthernpartofSichuanProvince,China,reachesaheightofmorethan4,800m,withaseriesofdifferentforestecosystems(生态系统).It’sparticularlyfamousforitsnarrowlandformsandexcellentwaterfalls.Some140kindsofbirdsalsoliveinthevalley,aswellasanumberofendangeredplantsandanimals,includingthegiantpanda.JiuzhaigouValleywasrecognizedasaWorldHeritagesitebyUNESCOin1992.KhamiRuinsNationalMonumentThecityofKhami,whichdevelopedafterthecapitalofGreatZimbabwehadbeengivenupinthemid-16thcentury,isofgreatarchaeological(考古的)interest.ThediscoveryofobjectsfromEuropeandChinashowsthatKhamiwasamajorcentrefortradeoveralongperiodoftime.ItjoinedtheWorldHeritageListin1986.HendersonIslandHendersonIsland,whichliesintheeasternSouthPacific,isoneofthefewatolls(环礁)intheworldwhoseecology(生态)hasbeenuntouchedbyhumans.Itisparticularlyfamousforthe10plantsand4birdsthatcanonlybeseenontheisland.ItwasrecordedintheWorldHeritageListin1988.OldCityofJerusalemAsaholy(神圣的)cityforthreedifferentreligionsintheMiddleEast,Jerusalemhasalwaysbeenofgreatreligiousimportance.ItwasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1981andplacedonthe“WorldHeritageinDangerList”thefollowingyear.31.WhatdoweknowaboutJiuzhaigouValleyaccordingtothepassage?A.ItliesinthenorthernpartofChina.B.Itisfamousformanyancientobjects.C.Wonderfulwaterfallscanbeseenthere. D.Ithasbeenuntouchedbyhumanbeings.32.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatJerusalem________.A.wasoncebusinesscenterfortradeB.wasgivenupinthemid-16thcenturyC.hasmorethan140kindsofbirdslivingthereD.isaholycityforthreemajorreligionsintheMiddleEast33.Accordingtothepassage,whichWorldHeritagesitewasmostrecentlyset?A.HendersonIsland.B.OldCityofJerusalem.C.KhamiRuinsNationalMonument.D.JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea.【答案】31.C32.D33.D【解析】【导语】本文为应用文，主要介绍了四处世界遗产地供游客选择。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据“JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea”部分关键句“It’sparticularlyfamousforitsnarrowlandformsandexcellentwaterfalls.”（它以其狭窄的地形和极好的瀑布而闻名。）可知，九寨沟以其狭窄的地形和极好的瀑布而闻名，由此可知，在九寨沟可以看到极好的瀑布。故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“OldCityofJerusalem”部分关键句“Asaholy(神圣的)cityforthreedifferentreligionsintheMiddleEast,Jerusalemhasalwaysbeenofgreatreligiousimportance.”（作为中东三个不同宗教的圣城，耶路撒冷一直具有重要的宗教意义。）可知，耶路撒冷是中东三个不同宗教的圣城，由此可知，从这篇文章中，我们可以了解到耶路撒冷是三大宗教的圣城。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据“JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea”部分关键句“JiuzhaigouValleywasrecognizedasaWorldHeritagesitebyUNESCOin1992.”（九寨沟于1992年被联合国教科文组织确认为世界遗产。）可知，九寨沟是1992年被确认为世界遗产的；根据“KhamiRuinsNationalMonument”部分关键句“ItjoinedtheWorldHeritageListin1986.”（它于1986年加入世界遗产名录。）可知，卡米国家遗址纪念地是1986年被确认为世界遗产的；根据“HendersonIsland”部分关键句“ItwasrecordedintheWorldHeritageListin1988.”（它于1988年被列入世界遗产名录。）可知，亨德森岛是1988年被确认为世界遗产的；根据“OldCityofJerusalem”部分关键句“ItwasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1981andplacedonthe “WorldHeritageinDangerList”thefollowingyear.”（1981年被授予世界遗产地位，次年被列入“濒危世界遗产名录”。）可知，耶路撒冷古城是1981年被授予世界遗产地位，次年被列入“濒危世界遗产名录”，综上所述，对比时间可知，最近确定的世界遗产是九寨沟风景名胜区。故选D项。BIwasexcitedtotakemyrescueBeagle(比格犬)totherivertheotherday,asit’swithinwalkingdistanceofournewhome.Havingspentherfirstsixyearsinacage,Georgiehadneverseenabodyofwater,andIwantedtogettherebeforesunsettowatchherexperienceit.IwasgrowingincreasinglyimpatientaboutallthestopsherlittleBeaglenoserequired.Sheinspectedthegrassdirt,andtrees,andlicked(舔)whateverwasstucktotheroad.Thesewereallnewdiscoveriesforher,andshetookhertimestudyingthem.WhenIacceptedthatitwasfruitlesstohurryheralong,Iwhippedoutmycellphoneandbegantexting.IthoughtthatIneededsomethingtodowhileGeorgiewasslowingusdown.Then,forsomereason,Iheardthecicadas(蝉),andIrememberedthatthesoundofcicadasismyfavoritesoundintheworld.Thatawakenedsomethingburiedwithinmethatlongedforthesimplepleasuresthathadbeenreplacedbytechnology.Imadeaconsciousdecisiontobepresent,andtoenjoythejourneytotheriverJustlikeGeorgie.Now,Iadmiredtheflowersandthewindingivyonourpath.Ismelledthegrassandtheflowers,andthedirtandtheair.Itreasuredeachoneequally,asifdiscoveringthemforthefirsttime.Aswenearedourdestination,1realizedsomethingevenmoreimportant:Itdidn’tmatterifweevenreachedtheriver.Whymusttherealwaysbeadestination?Georgiehadnoideathatwehadadestination.Shewaspresentforthejourney,andshesavoredeverybitofthatsweetexperience.Therewasnoraceandnofinishline.NowI’mnotsurewhorescuedwhom.34.Whydidtheauthortakeoutthecellphone?A.Tokilltime.B.Toawakenthesimplepleasures.C.Tohurrythedogalong.D.Torecordthesoundofcicadas.35.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.HowIenjoyedthejourney.B.WhatIsawontheway.C.WhyItraveledtotheriver.D.WhetherIreachedmydestination.36.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“savored”inthefifthparagraphmean?A.Smelt.B.Expected.C.Enjoyed.D.Deserved.37.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A.SayGoodbyetoCellPhonesB.ThinklikeaDogC.LearntoGetalongwithPetsD.TraveltowardDestinations【答案】34.A35.A36.C37.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者学着像自己的狗Georgie一样享受旅程的经历。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段WhenIacceptedthatitwasfruitlesstohurryheralong,Iwhippedoutmycellphoneandbegantexting．（当我意识到催她走是徒劳的时候，我掏出手机，开始发短信。）可知，作者拿出手机是为了消磨时间。故选A。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句Imadeaconsciousdecisiontobepresent,andtoenjoythejourneytotheriverJustlikeGeorgie．（我有意识地决定活在当下，像Georgie一样享受去河边旅程。）以及第四段主要内容为描述作者的旅途，可知，第四段主要讲述了“我”如何享受这次旅行。故选A。【36题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文everybitofthatsweetexperience可知她是这次旅行的亲历者，她尽情地享受着这次甜蜜的经历。故划线单词意思为“享受”。故选C。【37题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句Imadeaconsciousdecisiontobepresent,andtoenjoythejourneytotheriverJustlikeGeorgie．（我有意识地决定活在当下，像Georgie一样享受去河边的旅程。）以及阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者学着像自己的狗狗一样享受旅程的经历。故B选项“像狗一样思考”符合文章标题。故选B。【点睛】关于词义猜测题做题技巧。词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，主要有对生词的词义猜测，熟词新义以及代词的猜测。其关键是根据上下文的逻辑关系，利用已掌握的信息，有必要的时候，借助生活或者文化常识，确定单词的词义。如第三小题，根据下文everybitofthatsweetexperience可知她是这次旅行的亲历者，她尽情地享受着这次甜蜜的经历。故划线单词意思为“享受”。故选C。CTheworld’sanimalpopulationshavedecreasedbymorethantwo-thirdssince1970,accordingtoarecentresearchfromtheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).TheLondongroupprovidedinformationon32,000wildlifepopulationswhichincludedmorethan5,000species.Theresearchersfoundthatpopulationsizeshadreducedby69percentonaverage.Theysaidthelossofforests,humanexploitation(开发)oftheenvironment,pollution,andclimatechangeweregreatcausesoftheloss. Land-usechangeisstillthebiggestthreat(威胁)towildlife.However,theresearchersadded,“ifwecannotlimitwarmingto1.5°C,climatechangeislikelytobecometheprimarycauseofbiodiversity(生物多样性)lossinthecomingyears.”WildlifepopulationsinLatinAmericanandtheCaribbeanSeaareaweregreatlyaffected.Theresearchshoweda94percentdropinthoseareasinover50years.Wildlifepopulationsinriverandlakehabitatsdecreasedthemost.Freshwaterpopulationshavereducedbyanaverageof83percentsince1970.Forexample,onepopulationofpinkriverdolphinsintheAmazonRiverareaofBrazilfellby65percentbetween1994and2016.Thesefindingsarearedflagthatwarnsofalargersystemfailureonthehorizon.Evenonespecies’populationreductioncanaffectotherspecies,eventuallyimpactingtheecosystem’s(生态系统)abilitytofunction.Humansdependonastableclimate,predictableweatherpatterns,andproductivefarmlandandfisheriestothrive(蓬勃发展),butthecurrenttrendsaresevereenoughtothreatenmanylife-sustainingsystems.Ourfuturedependsonreversing(扭转)thelossofnaturejustasmuchasitdependsonaddressingclimatechange.Andyoucan’tsolveonewithoutsolvingtheother.Everyonehasaroleinreversingthesetrends,fromindividualstocompaniestogovernments.Ifnothingchanges,animalpopulationswillundoubtedlycontinuetofall,drivingwildlifetoextinctionandthreateningthewholenessoftheecosystemsonwhichwealldepend.38.Whatisthegreatestthreattowildlifepopulationsrecently?A.Illegalhunting.B.Globalwarming.C.Land-usechange.D.Environmentalpollution.39.HowdoestheauthorexplainthereductionoffreshwaterwildlifeinParagraph3?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Byanalyzingthecauses.C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Byreferringtoaconcept.40.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Climatechangethreatensmanywildanimals.B.Farmlandisthebasisoflife-sustainingsystems.C.Extremeweathereventshavebecomemorefrequent.D.Speciesvarietyisimportanttomaintainastableecosystem.41.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainthedifficultyofrestoringecosystems.B.Tocallonpeopletotakeactiontoprotectnature.C.Topresenttheincreasingtrendofclimatechange.D.Toshowpeople’seffortsinmakingupforthelossofnature. 【答案】38.C39.A40.D41.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物种群数量自1970年以来已经减少了三分之二以上。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Land-usechangeisstillthebiggestthreat(威胁)towildlife.(土地利用变化仍然是野生动物面临的最大威胁。)”可知，最近野生动物种群面临的最大威胁是土地利用变化。故选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchshoweda94percentdropinthoseareasinover50years.Wildlifepopulationsinriverandlakehabitatsdecreasedthemost.Freshwaterpopulationshavereducedbyanaverageof83percentsince1970.Forexample,onepopulationofpinkriverdolphinsintheAmazonRiverareaofBrazilfellby65percentbetween1994and2016.(研究显示，50多年来，这些地区的人口下降了94%。河流和湖泊栖息地的野生动物数量减少最多。自1970年以来，淡水种群平均减少了83%。例如，从1994年到2016年，巴西亚马孙河地区的粉红河海豚数量下降了65%。)”可推断，作者通过列出数字解释第三段中淡水野生动物的减少。故选A。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Evenonespecies’populationreductioncanaffectotherspecies,eventuallyimpactingtheecosystem’s(生态系统)abilitytofunction.(即使一个物种的数量减少也会影响到其他物种，最终影响到生态系统的运作能力。)”可知，物种多样性对维持稳定的生态系统很重要。故选D。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everyonehasaroleinreversingthesetrends,fromindividualstocompaniestogovernments.Ifnothingchanges,animalpopulationswillundoubtedlycontinuetofall,drivingwildlifetoextinctionandthreateningthewholenessoftheecosystemsonwhichwealldepend.(从个人到公司再到政府，每个人都有责任扭转这些趋势。如果没有任何改变，动物数量无疑将继续下降，导致野生动物灭绝，并威胁到我们赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。)”及全文可推断，本文的主要目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护自然。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouhavebeenexposedtoanaturaldisaster(forexample,atornadoorhurricane),itisveryimportanttolearnwaysofcopingwithnaturaldisastersandtheirimpact(巨大影响).Naturaldisasterscanbeconsidereddangerouseventsthathaveahighpotentialtoplaceyouatrisk.____42____Unlikeothertraumatic(痛苦的)events,natural disasterscanalsoresultinthedestructionofpropertyandfinancialloss,furtheraffectingyourstresslevelsanddisrupting(扰乱)copingefforts.Despitetheeffectsofnaturaldisasters,therearestepsyoucantaketocope.____43____Overandoveragain,ithasbeenfoundthatsupportfromotherscanbeamajorfactorinhelpingpeopleovercomethenegativeeffectsofatraumaticevent.Giventhatanaturaldisastercanimpactanentirecommunity,yoursupportsystemmaybeweakenedbyanaturaldisaster.Trytoestablishaschedule.____44____Anaturaldisastercangreatlydisruptyourregularscheduleincreasingtheextenttowhichyourlifefeelsoutofcontrol.Comingupwithadaily,structuredschedulecanhelpyouestablishasenseofpredictability(可预测性)andcontrol.Talkabouttheeffectofthenaturaldisaster.____45____Anaturaldisastercanresultinstrongfeelingsofanger,anxiety,andsadness.Theseemotionsneedtobeexpressed.Ifyouholdthemin,theymayonlygrowstrongerinintensity.Practicehealthycopingstrategies.Followinganaturaldisaster,youwillexperienceanumberofintensenegativeemotions.____46____Alcoholuse,excessivesleep,orseekingcomfortinfoodmaybeeffectiveshort-termstrategiesformanagingemotionaldistress.However,inthelong-term,thesestrategieswon’taddresstherealissueandwillonlycauseyourdistresstoincrease.A.Seekoutandconnectwithsocialsupport.B.Trytolimitalltheothersourcesofstressinyourlife.C.Forexample,setregulartimesformeals,orwakingupinthemorning.D.Naturaldisasterscanbringabouthighlevelsofstress,anxiety,andanger.E.Shareyourfeelingswithothers,orfindsomewaystoexpressyouremotions.F.Therefore,itisveryimportanttoidentifyhealthywaysofmanagingtheseemotions.G.Yourmostimportanttaskfollowinganaturaldisasterisgettingyourlifebackinorder.【答案】42.D43.A44.C45.E46.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。每个人在生活中都有可能面临突如其来的自然灾害，当这样的灾难真的来临的时候，人们肯定会有压力、恐惧等各种不适的情绪。文章告诉人们如何来处理这种不适的感觉。【42题详解】根据后句“Unlikeothertraumatic(痛苦的)events,naturaldisasterscanalsoresultinthedestructionofpropertyandfinancialloss,furtheraffectingyourstresslevelsanddisrupting(扰乱)copingefforts.(与其他创伤性事件不同，自然灾害也会导致财产和经济损失的破坏，进一步影响你的压力水平，破坏你的应对努力。)”可知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造成心理上的压力。所以选择项D“Naturaldisasterscanbring abouthighlevelsofstress,anxiety,andanger.(自然灾害会带来高度的压力、焦虑和愤怒。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。【43题详解】根据后句“Overandoveragain,ithasbeenfoundthatsupportfromotherscanbeamajorfactorinhelpingpeopleovercomethenegativeeffectsofatraumaticevent.(人们一次又一次地发现，来自他人的支持是帮助人们克服创伤性事件负面影响的主要因素。)”可知，要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。所以选择项A“Seekoutandconnectwithsocialsupport.(寻找并联系社会支持。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。【44题详解】根据前句“Trytoestablishaschedule.(试着建立一个时间表。)”可知，要制订一个时间表，所以此处应具体来解释这个做法。所以选择项C“Forexample,setregulartimesformeals,orwakingupinthemorning.(例如，固定吃饭时间，或者早上起床时间。)”举例子说明要建立时间表，符合上下文语境。故选C。【45题详解】根据前句“Talkabouttheeffectofthenaturaldisaster.(谈谈自然灾害的影响。)”可知，通过和其他人交流的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。所以选择项E“Shareyourfeelingswithothers,orfindsomewaystoexpressyouremotions.(与他人分享你的感受，或者找到一些方式来表达你的情绪。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。【46题详解】根据前句“Followinganaturaldisaster,youwillexperienceanumberofintensenegativeemotions.(自然灾害之后，你会经历一系列强烈的负面情绪。)”可知，当在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感体验后，一定要会用健康的方法去调整这样的情感。所以选择项F“Therefore,itisveryimportanttoidentifyhealthywaysofmanagingtheseemotions.(因此，找到管理这些情绪的健康方式是非常重要的。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，28分)第一节(共3小题;第47、48题各2分，第49题4分，共8分)阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。Goodmorning...Ihopeyouallaredoingwellinyourstudiesandifthereisaproblemrelatedtoyourstudies,pleasefeelfreetocometomyoffice.Today,IandalltheteachersdecidedtogatherallthechildrenforthespeechonWorldHeritageDay.Sincethedayisaroundthecorner,Iwantedtogiveknowledgetomychildrenonthissubject.AsaPrincipalofthisschool,Itrynotonlytomakemychildrenperformwellinstudies,butalsotoenlightenthemonsubjectswhichareverymuchconcernedaboutmankind.WorldHeritagehasbeendescribedasthecommonwealthofmankind.Thisdayisagreatreminderofourrichculturalpastanditisourresponsibilitythatweprotectourheritagenotonlyforourselvesbutforfuturegenerations. Undoubtedly,heritagesitesshouldbepreservedandprotected.Theyareinvaluablewealthformankind.ThedateoftheholdingofWorldHeritageDayisApril18anditwasfirststartedintheyear1982.IamspeakingfrommypersonalexperienceandIamsureeveryoneofyoumusthavenoticedatsomepoint.Regardingthefactthatmanypeoplehavedevelopedirresponsible(negligent)attitudetowardsournationalheritage.Thisisthereasonthatheritagebuildingsareoftenfounddamaged.However,itisduetothecontinuousrepairworkofsuchsitesbythegovernmentthatournationisstillabletokeepitsbeauty,ifnotinitsentirety,butatleasttoanextentitattractsmillionsoftouristsayear.WorldHeritageDayisactuallyadayforeveryconcernedcitizenofacountrytofeelproudofthegreatculturalpropertyofitsnation.Atlast,Iwanttosayinmanyways,wecancontributetowardsthemaintenance(维持)ofworldheritagesitessothattheirbeautydoesnotminimizeandtheyremainthecenterofattractionforpeopleallovertheworld.Pleaseconsiderwhatyoucandotomaintainthebeautyoftheworldheritage.Let’sdoourbest!47.Whydoesthespeakermakethisspeech?________________48.WhatdoestheWorldHeritageDayremindusaccordingtothespeaker?________________49.Whatcanyoudotocontributetowardsthemaintenanceofworldheritagesites?________________【答案】47.TogiveknowledgeonWorldHeritageDaytochildren.48.WorldHeritageDayremindusofourrichculturalpastandourresponsibilitytoprotectourheritage.49.Iwilltrymybesttopromoteourrichheritageinordertoletpeopleunderstandthatitisthefoundationofthenation,protectitandfightagainstthosewhodestroyit.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿。作者在世界遗产日来临前为学生们做的有关保护遗产的演讲，呼吁从我做起，保护遗产。【47题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Today,IandalltheteachersdecidedtogatherallthechildrenforthespeechonWorldHeritageDay.Sincethedayisaroundthecorner,Iwantedtogiveknowledgetomychildrenonthissubject.(今天，我和所有的老师决定召集所有的孩子参加世界遗产日的演讲。因为这一天即将到来，我想给我的孩子们这个主题的知识。)”可知，演讲者做这个演讲是为了宣传有关世界遗产日的知识给孩子们，故答案为TogiveknowledgeonWorldHeritageDaytochildren.。 【48题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Thisdayisagreatreminderofourrichculturalpastanditisourresponsibilitythatweprotectourheritagenotonlyforourselvesbutforfuturegenerations.(这一天是对我们丰富的文化历史的极好的提醒，保护我们的遗产是我们的责任，不仅是为了我们自己，也是为了子孙后代。)”可知，世界遗产日提醒我们我们拥有丰富的文化历史，保护这些遗产是我们的责任，故答案为WorldHeritageDayremindusofourrichculturalpastandourresponsibilitytoprotectourheritage.。【49题详解】本题是开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：Iwilltrymybesttopromoteourrichheritageinordertoletpeopleunderstandthatitisthefoundationofthenation,protectitandfightagainstthosewhodestroyit.第二节(20分)50.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。为了帮助学生更好地学习英语，下周你班要在线上开展一次关于英语学习的交流活动，请你用英语给你的英国好友Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加并就“HowtobepoliteinEnglish”这一话题给出一些建议，内容包括：1.活动目的；2活动安排；3.注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右。2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,How’severything?InordertohelpstudentslearnEnglishbetter,ourclasswillholdanonlineinteractionactivityaboutEnglishlearningnextweek.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinit.Ourclassmatesseemtobeconfusingabouthowtobe politeinEnglish.Wouldyoupleasegiveussomesuggestionsonit?Theactivitywillbeheldat8:00onTuesdayandlastaboutanhour.ConsideringtherearesomedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishculture,wecouldhavea10-minutequestionandanswersession.Besides,forbetterinteraction,wepreparesomerelativequestionsbeforehand.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgiveusanearlyreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语给你的英国好友Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你班要在线上开展的关于英语学习的交流活动，并就“HowtobepoliteinEnglish”这一话题给出一些建议。【详解】1.词汇积累相关的：relative→related参加：takepartin→participatein建议：suggestion→advice/tips/hints此外：besides→what’smore2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：InordertohelpstudentslearnEnglishbetter,ourclasswillholdanonlineinteractionactivityaboutEnglishlearningnextweek.拓展句：OurclasswillholdanonlineinteractionactivityaboutEnglishlearningnextweeksothatthiscanhelpstudentslearnEnglishbetter.【点睛】【高分句型1】OurclassmatesseemtobeconfusingabouthowtobepoliteinEnglish.)运用了疑问词+不定式作宾语)