浙江省宁波市镇海中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）

镇海中学2023年6月高二期末适应性考试英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AExploringItaly’sTimelessTreasuresItaly,acountrysteepedinhistoryandbeauty,ishometonumerousiconiclandmarksthatattractmillionsofvisitorseachyear.Let’sstartourjourneytodiscoveritsmostrenownedattractions.TheLeaningTowerofPisaConstructedasabelltowerinthe12thcentury,itgraduallyleanedduetounstableground.Thesightofvisitorsposingto“holdup”thetowerhasbecomeaniconicimage,whileclimbingitswindingstairsoffersbreathtakingviewsofthesurroundingPiazzadeiMiracoli.PompeiiBuriedundervolcanicashforcenturies,theancientcityofPompeiiisanextraordinaryarchaeological(考古的)site.ExploringitsremarkablypreservedruinsoffersaglimpseintodailylifeduringRomantimes,makingitanincrediblehistoricaldestination.TheAmalfiCoastTheAmalfiCoast,aUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,attractsthetouristswithitsvibrantandsoft-tonedCliffside(悬崖边的)villages,suchasPositanoandRavello.Visitorscantastetheregion’sdeliciouscuisine,strollalongscenicpaths,andenjoythecrystal-clearwatersoftheMediterranean.TheColosseumRome’smostfamouslandmark,theColosseum,isanancientstadiumthatwasonceusedforexcitingfightsandshows.Asyoustepinside,imaginethecheersoftheRomancrowdsandmarvelattheengineeringmarvelsof thetime.Joinusonthisextraordinaryadventure,whereItaly’srichheritagecomesaliveandcreatesmemoriesthatwilllastalifetime.Don’tmissoutonthisincredibleopportunitytowitnessthesplendoroftheselegendarysitesfirsthand.BookyourtickettodayandletthewondersofItalycharmyoursenses!1.Wherecantouristsseewell-preservedcityruins?A.TheLeaningTowerofPisa.B.Pompeii.C.TheAmalfiCoast.D.TheColosseum.2.WhatisthefeatureoftheColosseum?A.Itwasafamousbelltower.B.Itisknownforitsleaningangle.C.Ithaswatersasclearascrystal.D.Itwasthestageforthrillingbattles.3.Whereisthispassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A.Asocialmediacomment.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Ahistoricalbook.D.Anacademicpaper【答案】1.B2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个意大利最著名的景点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Pompeii部分中的“Buriedundervolcanicashforcenturies,theancientcityofPompeiiisanextraordinaryarchaeological(考古的)site.ExploringitsremarkablypreservedruinsoffersaglimpseintodailylifeduringRomantimes,makingitanincrediblehistoricaldestination.(被火山灰掩埋了几个世纪的庞贝古城是一个非凡的考古遗址。探索其保存完好的遗迹，可以一瞥罗马时代的日常生活，使其成为一个令人难以置信的历史目的地)”可知，游客在庞贝可以看到保存完好的城市遗址。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheColosseum部分中的“Rome’smostfamouslandmark,theColosseum,isanancientstadiumthatwasonceusedforexcitingfightsandshows.(罗马最著名的地标是罗马斗兽场，这是一座古老的体育场，曾经用于激动人心的战斗和表演)”可知，罗马斗兽场的特色是进行过惊险战斗的舞台。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Italy,acountrysteepedinhistoryandbeauty,ishometonumerousiconiclandmarksthatattractmillionsofvisitorseachyear.Let’sstartourjourneytodiscoveritsmostrenownedattractions.(意大利是一个充满历史和美丽的国家，拥有众多标志性建筑，每年吸引数百万游客。让我们开始我们的旅程，发现最著名的景点)”可知，文章介绍了四个意大利最著名的景点。由此推知，这篇文章很可能摘自一本旅游 小册子。故选B。BMyhighschoolEnglishteacherusedtotellusstufflike,“Learningaforeignlanguagecanchangeyouforever.”Despitebeinganobviousattempttomake.uspassionateabouthersubject,itreallyistruethatlearninganewlanguagecanchangeyourpersonality.Later,ImovedfromItalytoEngland.Here,Istartedspeakingandwriting10timesmoreEnglishthanIhadeverdonebefore.ThemoreIspoke,themoremyteacher’sprophecywasfulfilled.Iwasn’tonlychanging:myItalian-speakingselfandmyEnglish-speakingselfhadbecometwoverydifferentindividuals.Bloggingiswherethesignsofthiseffectfirstshowed.EverytimeIwritesomethinginItalian,mymothertongue,itleadsmetoprofoundthoughts.WhenIrereadmyoldposts,Icanimaginemyselfdrinkingdeliciouswineandlipschanting“IDreamedaDream”fromLesMisérables(悲惨世界).WheneverIbloginEnglish,ontheotherhand,it’sadifferentstory.Ifeellikemymindisexperiencingwildadventuresorslidingdownrainbows.Thispersonalitydividealsostartedtoshowindifferentsocialsituations.AtItalian-speakingparties,I’mdressedinthenormalblacksuitsoIcanmixupwithotherguests,carefulnottomakeeyecontactwithstrangers.Surprisingly,Idon’thavethisproblematEnglish-speakingparties.It’sjustthatIfeelmorefree,morefunnywheneverIspeakEnglish.Later,IcameacrossaninterestingarticlefromtheNewRepublic.Overthepastseveraldecades,scientistshavestudiedwhetherspeakingdifferentlanguagesmakesusanydifferent.Alltheirfindingsseemtosuggestthat—indeed,bilingualortrilingualpeople’spersonalitiesslightlydifferdependingonwhichlanguagetheyareusing.Butit’snotthetermsweknow(ordon’tknow)thatshapeourpersonalities.MaybewecanhavethewholeOxfordDictionaryinourbrain,butitisn’tuntilwepourallthatintotheearofsomeonewho’swillingtolisten,reactandrespond,thatlanguagereallyhasanimpactonwhoweare.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prophecy”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Impact.B.Warning.C.Prediction.D.Requirement.5.HowdoestheauthorfeelwhenblogginginItalian?A.Theauthorfeelsiteasytoaccessdeepthoughts.B.Theauthorfeelsasenseofwildadventure.C.Theauthorfeelstrappedinoldmemories.D.Theauthorfeelsawaveofprofoundsadness.6.WhatcanwelearnfromthearticlefromtheNewRepublic?A.Themethodofmasteringvariouslanguages. B.Theweaknessesofmultilinguals’personalities.C.Theimpactofdifferentlanguagesonpersonalities.D.Uniquehabitsofbilingualortrilingualpeople.7.Whatplaysadecisiveroleinshapingourpersonalitieswhenusinglanguages?A.Successfulconversations.B.Awidevocabulary.C.Knowledgeofdifficultterms.D.Atalentforlanguages.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过自己的经历讲述了学习一门新语言确实可以改变一个人的个性。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“MyhighschoolEnglishteacherusedtotellusstufflike,“Learningaforeignlanguagecanchangeyouforever.”(我的高中英语老师曾经告诉我们，“学习一门外语可以永远改变你。”)”及划线词下文“Iwasn’tonlychanging:myItalian-speakingselfandmyEnglish-speakingselfhadbecometwoverydifferentindividuals.(我不仅在改变：说意大利语的我和说英语的我变成了两个截然不同的个体)”可知，划线词所在句子ThemoreIspoke,themoremyteacher’sprophecywasfulfilled.的意思为“我说得越多，我老师的预言就越应验”。由此推知，划线词prophecy与prediction(预言之事)意思接近。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Bloggingiswherethesignsofthiseffectfirstshowed.EverytimeIwritesomethinginItalian,mymothertongue,itleadsmetoprofoundthoughts.(博客是这种影响最早显现的地方。每次我用我的母语意大利语写东西，它都会让我产生深刻的思考)”可知，当用意大利语写博客时，作者觉得很容易进入深刻的思想。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Later,IcameacrossaninterestingarticlefromtheNewRepublic.Overthepastseveraldecades,scientistshavestudiedwhetherspeakingdifferentlanguagesmakesusanydifferent.Alltheirfindingsseemtosuggestthat—indeed,bilingualortrilingualpeople’spersonalitiesslightlydifferdependingonwhichlanguagetheyareusing.(后来，我在《新共和》上看到一篇有趣的文章。在过去的几十年里，科学家们一直在研究说不同的语言是否会让我们有所不同。他们所有的研究结果似乎都表明，确实，双语或三语者的性格会因他们使用的语言而略有不同)”可知，我们可以从《新共和》的文章中了解到不同语言对个性的影响。故选C。【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“MaybewecanhavethewholeOxfordDictionaryinourbrain,butitisn’tuntilwepourallthatintotheearofsomeonewho’swillingtolisten,reactandrespond,thatlanguagereallyhasanimpactonwhoweare.(也许我们的大脑里有一整本牛津词典，但只有当我们把所有这些都倒进愿意倾听、做出反应和回应的人的耳朵里时，语言才会真正影响我们)”可推知，在使用语言时，成功的对话对塑造我们的个性起着决定性的作用。故选A。CWhenyouwalkthroughaneighborhood,whatdoyousee?IntheUnitedStates,itwilllikelybeafewtreesandbushesamonglargeareasofgrassylawns(草坪).Thesebiggreencarpetsmightlookpretty.Butaplainexpanseofgrassisanecologicalwasteland.It’sfilledwithjustonetypeofplant—aspeciesthatdoesn’tsupportinsects,birdsorotherwildlifethewayanaturalecosystemwould.LawnsstartedinEnglandbackaroundtheMiddleAges.Atthattime,mostpeoplehadtogrowtheirownfood.Abigexpanseofgrasswouldserveasadisplayofwealth;thesepeoplecouldaffordtohavelandwithoutcrops.ThegrassesplantedbackthenwerenativetoEngland.Theygrewwellwiththatnation’ssoils,amplerainsandcooltemperatures.Thosesamegrassesnowcoverlawnsacrosstheworld,fromEuropeandtheUnitedStatestoAustralia.AlthoughtheydidwellinEngland,they’renotaswelladaptedtoplaceswithdifferentclimatesandlevelsofsoilnutrients.Thatmeansitcantakealotofworktomaintaintheseyards.Peopletendtoaddfertilizerstokeeptheirlawnsgreen.Theywaterregularly,becausethesegrassspeciescan’thandlehotsummersorplaceswithlittlerain.Peoplemayevenusechemicalstokeepoutweedsandpests.Allthoseactivitiesuseuporpollutemuch-neededfreshwater.Bothareproblems,especiallyinthefaceofongoingdrought.Pesticidesandfertilizerswashedawaybyrainorwateringcanalsoharmtheecosystemsinstreams.That’swhyagrowingnumberofpeoplearerethinkinglawns.Whatdoesthatmean?Allowingagreatervarietyofplantsandanimalstothriveinthesespacescouldsavewater,expertssay.Itcouldalsoreducechemicalpollution.Yardsplantedwithmorediversespeciescouldmakeforhealthierecosystemswithmorepollinationandpestcontrol.Intheend,suchchangesshouldbenefitpeopleandwildlifealike.8.Whydoestheauthormentionlargegrassylawnsinparagraph1?A.Todescribetheirpopularity.B.Toexplaintheirwasteofmoney.C.Tointroducetheirgreatbenefits.D.Toshowtheirlackofplantdiversity. 9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4referto?A.Peoplegrowingvariouscropsontheirlawns.B.GrassesnativetoEnglandspreadingworldwide.C.Grasseslackingadaptationtodiverseenvironments.D.Grasslandsbeingkepttoshowwealthandstatus.10.Whatdopeopleusuallydotoattendtotheirlawns?A.Employchemicalstokillharmfulpests.B.Plantdrought-resistantnativegrass.C.Adaptthegrassestodifferentsoils.D.Avoidusingartificialfertilizersonlawns.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsmakingyardsdiverse?A.Skeptical.B.Surprised.C.Dismissive.D.Favorable.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了种植更多不同物种的院子的好处和必要性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“IntheUnitedStates,itwilllikelybeafewtreesandbushesamonglargeareasofgrassylawns(草坪).Thesebiggreencarpetsmightlookpretty.Butaplainexpanseofgrassisanecologicalwasteland.It’sfilledwithjustonetypeofplant—aspeciesthatdoesn’tsupportinsects,birdsorotherwildlifethewayanaturalecosystemwould.(在美国，它可能是大草坪中的几棵树和灌木丛。这些绿色的大地毯可能看起来很漂亮。但是一片草原就是一片生态荒地。它只充满了一种植物——一种不像自然生态系统那样支持昆虫、鸟类或其他野生动物的物种)”可推知，作者提到大草坪是为了显示它们缺乏植物多样性。故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“AlthoughtheydidwellinEngland,they’renotaswelladaptedtoplaceswithdifferentclimatesandlevelsofsoilnutrients.(尽管它们在英国生长得很好，但它们不太适应气候和土壤养分水平不同的地方)”可知，这些草坪缺乏对不同环境的适应。由此可知，划线词所在句“Thatmeansitcantakealotofworktomaintaintheseyards.(这意味着维护这些院子需要做很多工作)”中的That指的是上文提到的草坪缺乏对不同环境的适应。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Peoplemayevenusechemicalstokeepoutweedsandpests.(人们甚至可能使用化学药品来防止杂草和害虫)”可知，人们通常用化学药剂来杀死有害的害虫。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Allowingagreatervarietyofplantsandanimalstothriveinthesespaces couldsavewater,expertssay.Itcouldalsoreducechemicalpollution.Yardsplantedwithmorediversespeciescouldmakeforhealthierecosystemswithmorepollinationandpestcontrol.Intheend,suchchangesshouldbenefitpeopleandwildlifealike.(专家说，允许更多种类的动植物在这些空间中茁壮成长可以节约水资源。它还可以减少化学污染。种植更多不同物种的院子可以通过更多的授粉和害虫控制来创造更健康的生态系统。最终，这样的改变应该对人类和野生动物都有好处)”可推知，作者对使院子多样化持赞成态度。故选D。DIn1985,theworldwasalertedthatintheatmosphereagiantholewasformingintheEarth’sprotectiveozone(臭氧)layer.Wordleadersswiftlygatheredandtwoyearslater,theUnitedNationsagreedtoanthechemicalsresponsibleforwearingawaythelayerthatprotectsEarthfromthesun’sultraviolet(紫外线)radiation.KnownastheMontrealProtocol(议定书),itwasawinfortheozonelayer.Butunknowntotheworldatthetime,itwasalsoabouttopreventaclimatedisaster.Asnewresearchshows,thechemicals,knownastheODSs,arealsoresponsibleforcausing30percentofthetemperatureincreasewesawgloballyfrom1955to2005.TheMontrealProtocolregulatesnearly100ozone-eatingchemicals,whichpopularizedinthe1930sformassuseinrefrigerators.Theytendtoaccumulateintheatmosphereanddriftwhereverthewindtakesthem.Oncetheyreachthestratosphere(平流层),theybegintobreakdown.They’re“shatteredbyphotons(光子),”explainsDennisHartmann,aclimatescientist.Thatiswhatcausestheholeintheozonelayer.Inthetroposphere(对流层)—whichfewerphotonsreach—theODSsthenserveaslong-lastinggreenhousegases:Backin1987,scientistsknewODSstrappedsomesolarradiation,butonlyrecentlyhavescientistsbeenputtingtogethertheevidencethatODSsareactuallyoneofthemostdamagingwarmingfactorsofthepasthalfcentury.BybanningtheODSs,theMontrealProtocolunintentionallyprevented1Cofwarmingby2050.WiththeMontrealProtocol,worldleaderscametogetheraroundanurgentcause.Intheprocess,weaccidentallyremovedthesecond-largestforcerofglobalwarming.“Theunplannedbenefitsfortheglobalclimate”,saysSusannTegtmeier,anatmosphericscientist,“canbeconsideredaverywelcomeandverypositivesideeffect.”Whileit’stakenalotmoretalkstobeginremovingthemaindriverofclimatechange—carbondioxide—theMontrealProtocolprovesthepowerofgroupactionandshowshowtacklingenvironmentalmiserytogethercanhelpusinwayswedidn’texpect.12.WhatwasthemainpurposeoftheMontrealProtocol?AToensureyearlygatheringsofworldleaders.B.Topreventglobaltemperaturesfromrising.C.Tobanchemicalsthatdamagetheozonelayer.D.Tostopthemassproductionofrefrigerators.13.WhicheffectmighttheODSshaveontheEarth? A.Stoppingglobaltemperaturerise.B.Protectingtheozonelayer.C.Reducinggreenhousegases.D.MakingtheEarthmuchwarmer.14.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthormayagreethat________.A.talksareaninefficientwaytodealwithclimatechangeB.internationalcooperationisvitalinremovingcarbondioxideC.environmentaldisastersaresometimesquiteunexpectedD.groupactionscan’tavoidcausingnegativesideeffects15.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?A.HiddenBenefit:TheMontrealProtocolCoolingEarthB.MagicChemicals:theODSsWinningHugePopularityC.OzoneCrisis:ChemicalsWearingAwaytheLayerD.ClimbingHeat:TheUNCallingforUrgentTalks【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界各国签署《蒙特利尔议定书》的原因及意义。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Asnewresearchshows,thechemicals,knownastheODSs,arealsoresponsibleforcausing30percentofthetemperatureincreasewesawgloballyfrom1955to2005.(新的研究表明，从1955年到2005年，全球气温上升的30%也是由这些化学物质造成的，这些化学物质被称为消耗臭氧层物质)”及第三段中的“TheMontrealProtocolregulatesnearly100ozone-eatingchemicals,whichpopularizedinthe1930sformassuseinrefrigerators.(《蒙特利尔议定书》规定了近100种消耗臭氧层的化学物质，这些化学物质在20世纪30年代被广泛用于冰箱)”可推知，《蒙特利尔议定书》的主要目的是禁止破坏臭氧层的化学物质。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Asnewresearchshows,thechemicals,knownastheODSs,arealsoresponsibleforcausing30percentofthetemperatureincreasewesawgloballyfrom1955to2005.(新的研究表明，从1955年到2005年，全球气温上升的30%也是由这些化学物质造成的，这些化学物质被称为消耗臭氧层物质)”可知，地球上的臭氧消耗物质可能会使地球变暖。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“WiththeMontrealProtocol,worldleaderscametogetheraroundanurgentcause.Intheprocess,weaccidentallyremovedthesecond-largestforcerofglobalwarming.(通过《蒙特利尔议定 书》，世界各国领导人为一项紧迫的事业走到了一起。在这个过程中，我们不小心移除了全球变暖的第二大因素)”及最后一段“Whileit’stakenalotmoretalkstobeginremovingthemaindriverofclimatechange—carbondioxide—theMontrealProtocolprovesthepowerofgroupactionandshowshowtacklingenvironmentalmiserytogethercanhelpusinwayswedidn’texpect.(虽然需要进行更多的谈判才能开始消除气候变化的主要驱动因素——二氧化碳，但《蒙特利尔议定书》证明了集体行动的力量，并表明共同解决环境问题可以以我们意想不到的方式帮助我们)”可推知，作者可能同意国际合作对消除二氧化碳至关重要。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“KnownastheMontrealProtocol(议定书),itwasawinfortheozonelayer.Butunknowntotheworldatthetime,itwasalsoabouttopreventaclimatedisaster.(它被称为《蒙特利尔议定书》，是臭氧层的胜利。但当时世界不知道的是，它还将阻止一场气候灾难)”及倒数第二段中的“WiththeMontrealProtocol,worldleaderscametogetheraroundanurgentcause.Intheprocess,weaccidentallyremovedthesecond-largestforcerofglobalwarming.(通过《蒙特利尔议定书》，世界各国领导人为一项紧迫的事业走到了一起。在这个过程中，我们不小心移除了全球变暖的第二大因素)”及最后一段“Whileit’stakenalotmoretalkstobeginremovingthemaindriverofclimatechange—carbondioxide—theMontrealProtocolprovesthepowerofgroupactionandshowshowtacklingenvironmentalmiserytogethercanhelpusinwayswedidn’texpect.(虽然需要进行更多的谈判才能开始消除气候变化的主要驱动因素——二氧化碳，但《蒙特利尔议定书》证明了集体行动的力量，并表明共同解决环境问题可以以我们意想不到的方式帮助我们)”可知，文章介绍了世界各国签署《蒙特利尔议定书》的原因及意义。由此可知，HiddenBenefit:TheMontrealProtocolCoolingEarth(隐藏的好处：《蒙特利尔议定书》为地球降温)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Stayingalonecanbebothachallengingandrewardingexperience.Itoffersauniqueopportunityforself-reflection,personalgrowth,andindependence.Whenwearealone,wecanconnectwithourinnerselvesanddiscoverourstrengthsandweaknesses.Inthequietnessofbeingalone,wecanescapethenoiseanddistractionsoftheoutsideworld.Itallowsustoslowdown,bepresent,andappreciatethesimplemomentsinlife.____16____Forexample,wecanreadabook,listentomusic,orpursueahobby.Withoutthepressuresofsocialinteractions,wecanfocusonourownthoughtsandfeelings,gainingadeeperunderstandingofourselves.Beingalonealsoencouragesindependenceandproblem-solvingskills.____17____Itteachesusadaptabilityaswegothroughchallengesanduncertainties.Webecomemoreself-dependentandcapableofhandlingvarious situationsonourown.____18____Takingtimeawayfromtheconstantdemandsofothersallowsustofocusonourownneedsandrefuelourenergyreserves.It’simportanttorecognizethattakingtimeforourselvesisnotselfish,butratheranecessarypartofself-care.Byrechargingourbatteries,weultimatelybecomemoreproductiveandfulfilledinourpersonalandprofessionallives.____19____Whilestayingalonecanbebeneficial,humansaresocialbeingsbynature.Wedesirecompanionship,support,andsharedexperiences.Itisimportanttoreachouttolovedones,buildmeaningfulrelationships,andengageinsocialactivitiesthatbringushappinessandfulfillment.Inconclusion,stayingalonecanbeatransformativeexperience.____20____Embracingthestateofbeingalonecanleadtopersonalgrowth,innerpeace,andadeeperunderstandingofourselves.So,letusnotfearbeingalonebutembraceitasanopportunityforself-reflectionandself-empowerment.A.Beingalonecanincreaseyoursenseofconnectiontootherpeople.B.Infact,therearemanydisadvantagestobeingalone.C.Wecantakethetimetoengageinactivitiesthatbringusjoy.D.Whenthereisnooneelsearoundtorelyon,welearntomakedecisionsindependently.E.Itenablesself-entertainment,independence,andrefreshmentinourowncompany.F.However,itisessentialtostrikeabalancebetweenstayingaloneandsocialconnection.G.Moreover,stayingaloneallowsustorechargeandrefresh.【答案】16.C17.D18.G19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了独自一人既具有挑战性，又有回报。它为自我反省、个人成长和独立提供了一个独特的机会。【16题详解】根据下文“Forexample,wecanreadabook,listentomusic,orpursueahobby.(例如，我们可以读一本书，听音乐，或追求一个爱好)”可知，独处可以让我们从事自己喜欢的事情。由此可知，C.Wecantakethetimetoengageinactivitiesthatbringusjoy.(我们可以花时间从事能给我们带来快乐的活动)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Beingalonealsoencouragesindependenceandproblem-solvingskills.(独处也能鼓励独立和解决问题的能力)”可知，独处能够提高独立解决问题的能力。由此可知，D.Whenthereisnooneelsearoundtorelyon,welearntomakedecisionsindependently.(当身边没有人可以依靠时，我们学会独立做决定)能够衔接 上文，符合语境。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“Takingtimeawayfromtheconstantdemandsofothersallowsustofocusonourownneedsandrefuelourenergyreserves.(从别人不断的需求中抽出时间，让我们专注于自己的需求，为我们的能量储备补充能量)”及“Byrechargingourbatteries,weultimatelybecomemoreproductiveandfulfilledinourpersonalandprofessionallives.(通过给自己充电，我们最终会在个人和职业生活中变得更有成效、更有成就感)”可知空格处放在句首，总结本段意思：独处给我们自己充电，带来成就感，G.Moreover,stayingaloneallowsustorechargeandrefresh.(此外，独处可以让我们充电和恢复精力)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选G。【19题详解】根据下文“Whilestayingalonecanbebeneficial,humansaresocialbeingsbynature.Wedesirecompanionship,support,andsharedexperiences.Itisimportanttoreachouttolovedones,buildmeaningfulrelationships,andengageinsocialactivitiesthatbringushappinessandfulfillment.(虽然独处是有益的，但人类本质上是社会动物。我们渴望陪伴、支持和分享经验。向所爱的人伸出援手，建立有意义的关系，参与能给我们带来快乐和满足的社会活动，这一点很重要)”可知，虽然独处是有益的，但是人还是需要进行社交活动的。由此可知，F.However,itisessentialtostrikeabalancebetweenstayingaloneandsocialconnection.(然而，在独处和社交之间取得平衡是很重要的)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Inconclusion,stayingalonecanbeatransformativeexperience.(总之，独处是一种转变性的经历)”和下文“Embracingthestateofbeingalonecanleadtopersonalgrowth,innerpeace,andadeeperunderstandingofourselves.(拥抱独处的状态可以带来个人成长、内心平静和对自己更深的理解)”可知，此处在总结独处带来的好处。由此可知，E.Itenablesself-entertainment,independence,andrefreshmentinourowncompany.(它能让我们在自己的公司里自我娱乐、独立和放松)能够衔接上下文，符合语境。故选E。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TheQueen’sGambitisaTVseriesaboutachessgeniusinspiredbyadoorkeeper.Now,a(n)____21____versionofTheQueen’sGambitisplayingoutataschoolinMaine.DavidBishop____22____theschooldayasafull-timedoorkeeper,butafterwork,hegrabshischessboardsandbeginshissecond____23____:part-timechesscoach.The61-year-olddoorkeeperhas____24____bothelementaryandmiddleschoolteamstostatechampionship titlesthisyear.Oneofhisplayers,11-year-oldAveryZhang,____25____thestatechampionforgradesK-5thisyear.____26____Mr.Bishopenjoyedchessandwasgoodatit,hedidn’tjoinhishighschoolchessclub,____27____hewouldbelabelledasanerd(呆子).Thesedays,thankstothegrowing____28____ofchessafterTheQueen’sGambit,thosestereotypes(刻板印象)nolongerapply.ButunliketheTVseries’doorkeeper,Bishopis____29____notjustonegirlbutdozensofkidsofallskilllevelsandbackgrounds.Hisoneworryisthattherearen’tasmanygirls______30______chess.There’sonlyonefemaleonhismiddleschoolchampionteamrightnow.He’shopingto______31______thatsituationbygettingkidsintothe______32______atearlierages.Bishopalsoemphasizestohisyoungplayersthatchessisabout______33______winning.“Itellmykidsthatchess______34______yourlife,”hetoldtheDailyNews,“Whetherinlifeorinchess,ifyouworkhard,ifyou’renotdiscouragedbyfailure,youwillbe______35______.”21.A.all-outB.real-lifeC.high-qualityD.long-lasting22.A.plansB.needsC.viewsD.spends23.A.chanceB.victoryC.roleD.skill24.A.invitedB.coachedC.assignedD.exposed25.A.becameB.contactedC.witnessedD.found26.A.BecauseB.UnlessC.WhileD.Since27A.hopingB.provingC.regrettingD.worrying28.A.freedomB.appealC.standardD.demand29.A.appointingB.informingC.helpingD.advocating30.A.takingupB.hearingaboutC.majoringinD.dealingwith31.A.maintainB.supportC.analyzeD.change32.A.gameB.contestC.schoolD.career33.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.morethanD.lessthan34.A.controlsB.toleratesC.protectsD.mirrors35.A.optimisticB.successfulC.ambitiousD.professional【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.B25.A26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了缅因州的一所学校的全职看门人大卫•毕晓普，在下班后，他兼职国际象棋教练，他指导的小学和中学的队获得了州冠军。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，缅因州的一所学校正在上演现实版的《女王的棋局》。A.all-out全力以赴的；B.real-life现实的；C.high-quality高质量的；D.long-lasting持久的。根据上文“TheQueen’sGambitisaTVseriesaboutachessgeniusinspiredbyadoorkeeper.”及下文“versionofTheQueen’sGambitisplayingoutataschoolinMaine”可知，此处指现实版的《女王的棋局》。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大卫·毕晓普在学校日是全职看门人，但下班后，他拿起自己的棋盘，开始了他的第二个角色：兼职国际象棋教练。A.plans计划；B.needs需要；C.views观看；D.spends花费，度过。根据下文“asafull-timedoorkeeper,butafterwork”可知，大卫·毕晓普作为全职看门人，他要把学校日时间花在自己的岗位上。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大卫·毕晓普在学校日是全职看门人，但下班后，他拿起自己的棋盘，开始了他的第二个角色：兼职国际象棋教练。A.chance机会；B.victory胜利；C.role角色；D.skill技能。根据下文“part-timechesscoach”可知，此处指他的第二个角色。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位61岁的看门人今年已经指导了小学和中学的队获得州冠军。A.invited邀请；B.coached指导；C.assigned分配；D.exposed暴露。根据上文“hegrabshischessboardsandbeginshissecond____3____:part-timechesscoach.”可知，此处指他指导的小学和中学的队获得了州冠军。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的队员之一、11岁的AveryZhang今年成为了州K-5年级的冠军。A.became成为；B.contacted联系；C.witnessed见证；D.found发现。根据下文“thestatechampionforgradesK-5thisyear.”可知，此处指成为了州K-5年级的冠军。故选A。26题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：虽然毕晓普喜欢下棋，也擅长下棋，但他没有加入高中时的象棋俱乐部，担心自己会被贴上书呆子的标签。A.Because因为；B.Unless除非；C.While虽然；D.Since自从。前后句意存在转折关系，应用while引导让步状语从句。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然毕晓普喜欢下棋，也擅长下棋，但他没有加入高中时的象棋俱乐部，担心自己会被贴上书呆子的标签。A.hoping希望；B.proving证明；C.regretting后悔；D.worrying 担忧。根据上文“hedidn’tjoinhishighschoolchessclub”及下文“hewouldbelabelledasanerd(呆子).”可知，他没有加入高中时的象棋俱乐部，是因为担心自己会被贴上书呆子的标签。。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，由于《女王的棋局》之后国际象棋的吸引力越来越大，这些刻板印象不再适用。A.freedom自由；B.appeal吸引力；C.standard标准；D.demand需求。根据下文“thosestereotypes(刻板印象)nolongerapply.”可知，由于《女王的棋局》之后国际象棋的吸引力越来越大，这些刻板印象不再适用。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但与电视剧中的看门人不同，毕晓普帮助的不仅仅是一个女孩，而是几十个技能水平和背景各异的孩子。A.appointing任命；B.informing通知；C.helping帮助；D.advocating倡导。根据上文“butafterwork,hegrabshischessboardsandbeginshissecond____3____:part-timechesscoach.”可知，下班后，毕晓普做兼职国际象棋教练，帮助孩子们下国际象棋。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他担心的一个问题是，没有那么多女孩学习国际象棋。A.takingup开始从事（指开始学习或从事某种活动、爱好或职业）；B.hearingabout听说；C.majoringin主修；D.dealingwith处理。根据下文“There’sonlyonefemaleonhismiddleschoolchampionteamrightnow.”可知，他担心没有那么多女孩学习国际象棋。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他希望通过让孩子们在更小的时候就开始玩游戏来改变这种情况。A.maintain维护；B.support支持；C.analyze分析；D.change变化。根据上文“Hisoneworryisthattherearen’tasmanygirls____10____chess.There’sonlyonefemaleonhismiddleschoolchampionteamrightnow.”可知，他希望能改变这种情况。故选D。32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他希望通过让孩子们在更小的时候就开始玩游戏来改变这种情况。A.game游戏；B.contest竞赛；C.school学校；D.career职业。根据下文“Bishopalsoemphasizestohisyoungplayersthatchessisabout____13____winning.”可知，他希望孩子们把国际象棋当作游戏来玩，而不是竞赛。故选A。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：毕晓普还向他的年轻棋手们强调，国际象棋不只是为了获胜。A.ratherthan而不是；B.otherthan除外；C.morethan不只是；D.lessthan少于。根据下文““Itellmykidsthatchess____14____yourlife,”hetoldtheDailyNews,“Whetherinlifeorinchess,ifyouworkhard,ifyou’renotdiscouragedbyfailure,youwillbe____15____.””可知，此处指国际象棋不只是为了获胜，它还能给人启发。故选C。 【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我告诉我的孩子，国际象棋反映了你的生活，”他告诉《每日新闻》，“无论是在生活中还是在国际象棋中，如果你努力工作，如果你不因失败而气馁，你就会成功。”A.controls控制；B.tolerates忍受；C.protects保护；D.mirrors反映。根据下文“Whetherinlifeorinchess,ifyouworkhard,ifyou’renotdiscouragedbyfailure,youwillbe____15____.”可知，国际象棋反映了一个人的生活。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我告诉我的孩子，国际象棋反映了你的生活，”他告诉《每日新闻》，“无论是在生活中还是在国际象棋中，如果你努力工作，如果你不因失败而气馁，你就会成功。”A.optimistic乐观的；B.successful成功的；C.ambitious雄心勃勃的；D.professional专业的。此处与failure呼应，successful符合语境。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheParkHyaltNingbodrewustovisitthiscityinChinathatwemayotherwisehavenotyetdiscovered.WeplannedtobookaFirstClasstickettoNingbobutwhen____36____ticketsforthatcabinweresoldout,wechoseBusinessClass.Wehadnoknowledgeabout____37____thetraincabinsandseatswouldlooklike,soweweremorethan____38____(pleasant)surprisedtoseethatasweboardedthetrain.Inside,thespaciousleatherseats____39____(surround)byahardshellwhichgivesasmallfeelingof____40____(private).WeenjoyedtravelingtheCRHinBusinesssomuch____41____wedecidedtobookthesameclassticket____42____ourtripbacktoShanghaionourreturn.Thistimehoweverwhenweboardedthetraintherewasasmallautomaticdoortoourleftandthecabinhadonly9BusinessClassseats.This____43____(small)cabinfeltmuchmoreprivate.Theridewassmoothandpeaceful.Therewasalsoatrainattendant____44____camearoundwithwater,juiceandalightsnack.Itwasgreattohavesomuchspaceforourluggageaswell.Thisisoneofthosecaseswhereitreallymadesenseforustospendalittlebitmoreforafarbetterexperience.Ifwefindourselves_____45_____(board)aCRHtrainagaininthefuture,IwouldchoosetheBusinessClassticketagain.【答案】36.the37.what38.pleasantly39.aresurrounded40.privacy41.that42.for 43smaller44.who45.boarding【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国旅行，乘坐高铁商务舱的经历和感受。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：我们原计划订一张去宁波的头等舱票，但那个舱位的票卖完了，我们就选了商务舱。此处特指上文提到的头等舱票（FirstClassticket），应用定冠词the。故填the。【37题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们不知道火车的车厢和座位是什么样子，所以当我们登上火车时，看到这一切，我们感到非常惊喜。此处是介词about后的宾语从句，连接词在从句中作like的宾语，指代“什么样子”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：我们不知道火车的车厢和座位是什么样子，所以当我们登上火车时，看到这一切，我们感到非常惊喜。此处修饰形容词surprised，应用副词pleasantly，作状语。故填pleasantly。【39题详解】考查时态语态。句意：在内部，宽敞的真皮座椅被硬壳包围，给人一种小小的隐私感。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语thespaciousleatherseats与谓语动词surround是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用are。故填aresurrounded。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：在内部，宽敞的真皮座椅被硬壳包围，给人一种小小的隐私感。此处作介词of的宾语，应用名词privacy“隐私”，抽象名词，不可数。故填privacy。【41题详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们非常喜欢出差乘坐中国高铁，所以我们决定在回程时为回上海的旅行订一张同舱位车票。此处是固定句型so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：我们非常喜欢出差乘坐中国高铁，所以我们决定在回程时为回上海的旅行订一张同舱位车票。此处表示“为……”，应用介词for。故填for。【43题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这个较小的客舱感觉更私密。根据上文“Thistimehoweverwhenweboardedthetraintherewasasmallautomaticdoortoourleftandthecabinhadonly9BusinessClassseats.”可知，这个客舱比 第一次订的客舱要小一些，应用形容词比较级smaller作定语，修饰名词cabin。故填smaller。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：还有一名火车乘务员带着水、果汁和零食过来。此处引导限定性定语从句，在therebe句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who，指物时用that。先行词atrainattendant，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可以使用关系代词who引导。故填who。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果将来我们再次乘坐高铁，我还是会选择商务舱的票。非谓语动词board与ourselves是逻辑主谓关系，board应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故填boarding。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris正在学习汉语，请你给他写一封电子邮件推荐英语短视频系列ChineseIdiomStories(中华成语故事)，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.推荐理由；3.期待观后交流。参考词汇：短视频shortvideo注意：1.词数80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearChris,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearChris,IamgladtolearnthatyouarelearningChinese.IwouldliketorecommendyouashortvideoseriesofChineseIdiomStories.ChineseIdiomStoriesdetailsthestoriesbehindeachoneandoffersahumorousandfascinatinginsightintotheculturalhistoryofChina.Frompapertigerstoprayingmantis,tothemusicofnatureandheavenlyrobes,thesetaleshavenotonlyshedlightonthetraditionalChinesewayofthinking,butalsoillustratedmanyofitsancientcustoms. Ihopeyoucangetalotoutofit.Ialsolookforwardtosharingwithyouthefeelingsafterwatching.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris正在学习汉语，请你给他写一封电子邮件推荐英语短视频系列ChineseIdiomStories(中华成语故事)，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.推荐理由；3.期待观后交流。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：glad→pleased详细说明：detail→elaborateon从……中获益良多：getalotoutof→benefitalotfrom推荐：recommend=nominate2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：IwouldliketorecommendyouashortvideoseriesofChineseIdiomStories.拓展句：IwouldliketorecommendyouashortvideoseriesofChineseIdiomStories,whichwillbenefityoualot.【点睛】[高分句型1]IamgladtolearnthatyouarelearningChinese.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Ialsolookforwardtosharingwithyouthefeelingsafterwatching.(运用了动名词作宾语)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Istartedreadingtomyself,aswellasoutloudtoMotherandotherfamilymembers,betweentheagesofthreeandfour.BythetimeIturnedfive,Iwasreading“chapterbooks,”liketheBobbseyTwins.Ireadwheneverbookscamemyway,usuallybymymothertakingmetothetown’ssmallbutbook-packedlibraryonSaturdays.Alongmyjourneyasareader,therewereotherhelpinghandsthatdevelopmyloveforbooks-Mrs.EleanorHarrison,myfirst-gradeteacher.WhenIstartedfirstgrade,makingfriendsbecameachallengeforme.Myrichvocabularymademeeasytobelabeledasabookworm(书呆子),causingotherchildrentoshyawayfromplayingwithme.Mymotherexplainedthattherewouldbe“stuff”Ialreadyknewwhileothersdidn’t.Readingwasonesuchskill—Icouldreadwhilenoneofmyclassmateswereableto.Therefore,whenwemovedtoanewcity,andIfoundmyselfinanewschool,IdecidedtopretendthatIdidn’tknowmanywordseither,justtofitin.Onthefirstdayofschool,mymotherwalkedmethereandintroducedherselftoMrs.Harrison,mynew teacher.Afterthat,Iwalkedtoschoolandbackhomebymyself.However,aroundamonthlater,somethingsignificanthappened.Oneafternoon,whenIcamehomefromschool,mymothertoldmethatmyteacher,Mrs.Harrison,hadcalledandwantedtohaveameetingwithher.IimmediatelyaskedifIwasintroublesinceIhadonlyheardofteacherscallingparentswhentherewasallissue.“Shedidn’tsayso,”respondedMother,asthoughtsracedthroughmymind,“Shesaidshewantedtotalktomeaboutyou.”Motherpulledmetoher—oneofherhealinghugs.Itrustedmymother.Iknewshelovedme.Iblurtedout,“So,youthinkthiswillhavea‘happilyeverafter’ending?”Motherkissedmeonthetopofmyhead,justassheoftendid,andsmiledsaying,“Yes.I’msureitwillbealright.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Thedayofthemeetingcame.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:“Ilikethatidea!”Firmly,Inoddedayes.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Thedayofthemeetingcame.Mrs.HarrisontoldmymotherthatshenoticedIwasaveryspecialchild.Inthecourseofclass,myreadingspeedwasveryfastandunderstandingabilitywasrelativelystrong,whichsuggestedmyknowledgewasverywide.ShecouldseethatthereweremanybooksIshouldbereading.ButshefoundoutIwashidingsomeofmyabilities.Recently,theschoolwantedtoholdaschoolreadingfestival,andwantedtofindastudentrepresentativetospeakonstage,totellabouttheirreadingexperienceandintroducethebenefitsofreading. MymotheralsointroducedmyactualsituationtoMrs.Harrison,andgladlyacceptedthetask.Whenshegothome,shetoldmethenewsimmediately.“Ilikethatidea!”Firmly,Inoddedayes.MymotherandIbegantoactivelypreparemyspeech,thetitleofwhichwasthereadingstoryofalittlebookworm.Inmyspeech,IintroducedthatIhadbeenfondofreadingsincechildhood,andreadingenrichedmyvocabulary,mythoughts,andmademehaveabroaderknowledgeandvision.IhopedthatIcouldcontinuetomaintainmyenthusiasmforreading,andthatmoreandmorestudentscouldactivelyparticipateinreadingactivities.Ialsohopedtofindmorefriendswholovedreading,communicatewitheachotherandmakeprogresstogether.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从小酷爱阅读，丰富的词汇量使他很容易被贴上“书呆子”的标签，导致其他孩子都不敢和他一起玩，因此，当他们搬到一个新的城市，在新学校里，他决定假装自己不知道很多单词，只是为了适应。直到有一天，作者的老师打电话要约谈他的妈妈，作者开始担心自己是不是惹了麻烦，但是妈妈只是告诉他，老师只是想多了解他的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“会面的日子来了。”可知，第一段可描写妈妈和老师见面后，老师向妈妈介绍作者在学校的表现及老师想安排给作者一个活动任务。②由第二段首句内容““我喜欢这个主意！”我坚定地点了点头。”可知，第二段可描写作者很高兴地接受了老师安排的任务，并圆满完成任务的过程。2.续写线索：老师介绍我在学校的表现——老师想安排我做一个学校任务——高兴地接受任务——积极准备——演讲稿的内容——自己的愿望3.词汇激活（一个词汇要写出相近的表达）行为类①举办：hold/organize/host②保持：maintain/keep③加入：participatein/takepartin情绪类①喜欢：befondof/bekeenon②积极地：actively/zealously【点睛】[高分句型1]Mrs.HarrisontoldmymotherthatshenoticedIwasaveryspecialchild.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Inthecourseofclass,myreadingspeedwasveryfastandunderstandingabilitywasrelatively strong,whichsuggestedmyknowledgewasverywide.(运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)