江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中试题（Word版附解析）

南京师大附中2022-2023学年度第2学期高二年级期中考试注意事项英语试卷考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求@1.本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。2.答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredidtheboyfindthefrog?A．Inthepark.B．Inthehouse.C．Inthegarden.2.Whoisthemanspeakingto?A．Abankclerk.B．Ahotelreceptionist.C．Arestaurantmanager.3.Whatsizedoesthemanwant?A．Small.B．Medium.C．Large.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．Goshopping.B．Savemoney.C．Buyanewhouse.5.Howdothechildrenfeel?A．Excited.B．Sleepy.C．Bored.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthemanwanttoopenanewaccount?A．Fordailyuse.B．Forsavingmoney.C．Foramoreexpensivepurchase.7.Whatistheman’smainproblem? A．Hedoesn’townanIDcard.B．Hedoesn’tgetenoughmoney.C．Hedoesn’thavetherightdocuments.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatsizeshoesdoesthemanprobablyoftenwear?A．42.B．41.C．40.9.Whatisprobablytheman’sfavoritetypeofexercise?A．Running.B．Tennis.C．Hiking.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Teammates.B．Husbandandwife.C．Salespersonandcustomer.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wherearethespeakers?A．Ataclothingstore.B．Attheirhouse.C．Atatravelagency.12.HowlongwillthespeakersstayintheSwissAlps?A．Fortwodays.B．Forfivedays.C．Forsevendays.13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Trypackingthesuitcase.B.Buyclothesforthetravel.C.Wearjacketsontotheplane.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisworkingexperience?A．Heownedasmallbusinessyearsago.B．Heworkedatacompanyforseveralyears.C．HehastaughtSpanishforacoupleofyears.15.Whydoesthemanwanttoleavehispresentjob?A．Togainhigherpay.B．Togetafull-timejob.C．Toworkclosetohome.16.Whatisthemaninterestedin? A．Travel.B．Computergames.C．Foreignlanguages.17．Whatquestiondidthemanaskthewoman?A．WhenheissupposedtostartworkB．Whatresponsibilitieshewouldhave.C．Whenhewillbeinformedabouthisapplication.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?A．Waystosavetheplanet.B．Newrulesaroundelectriccars.C．Theproductionofplasticbottles.19.Whenwilltheproductionofpetrolcarsstop?A．By2021.B．By2025.C．By2030.20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestasalternativestoplasticbottles?A．Glassbottles.B．Metalbottles.C．Woodbottles.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFrequentlyAskedQuestionsforYellowstoneNationalParkHowmuchistheentrancefee?$85-Private,non-commercialvehicle;$30-Motorcycleorsnowmobile(winter);$20-Visitors16andolderenteringbyfoot,bike,ski,etc.*Thisfeeprovidesthevisitorwitha7-dayentrancepermitforbothYellowstoneandGrandTetonNationalParks.Whereshouldwestay?Yourdecisionmaydependonhowmuchtimeyouhaveandwhatyouwanttoseethemost.IfyouplanonvisitingYellowstoneNationalParkforonlyafewdaysandwanttoexperiencesomeofthemainattractionsthenWestYellowstonewouldbeagoodbase.Ifyouwanttohavethefullparkexperiencethenperhapslodging(住宿)atOldFaithfulwouldbeagoodchoice.Ifyouwanttoviewthemostwildlife,thenwesuggesttheNortheast Entrance.Whenisthebesttimetovisitthepark?Thisdependsonwhatyourinterestsare.Springhasabundantwildlife,roaringwaterfallsandwildweather.Summerhasitallincludingthemostcrowds,soyou’dbettergetoutearlyandeatyourbreakfastontheroad!Fallisaspecialtimeofyear.Everythingseemstobedecliningincludingthecrowds.Winterisatimeofbeingabitofsocialisolation.Inyearspastitwasmore“economical”tovisitmostofthepark.Nowitismorerestrictedunlessyoucanaffordasnow-coachorguidedsnowmobiletour.CanIgetCellandWi-Fi?FreepublicWi-FiisavailableatAl-brightVisitorCenterandatsomeparklodgesforregisteredguests.Cellserviceisextremelylimited,withreceptiononlyavailableinornearmajordevelopedareas.Insummer,serviceoftenreachesitslimitintheseareas.Yet,itissadtoseethelatestgenerationfadeawayfromnormaleverydayactivitiesandconversation.Getout,lookaround,admirethewonders.There’replentyofnaturalandhumandistractionsaroundeverycorner.ThelastthingwewanttodoisdistractvisitorsfromYellowstone’swondersespeciallywhiledriving.1.HowmuchistheentrancefeeintotalifJefferymakesaself-drivingtriptoYellowstonewithhisfatherandhis14-year-olddaughterduringthewintervacation?A.$50B.$85C.$105D.$1252.Theunderlinedsentenceimpliesthat.A.mostoftheparkwasrestrictedtovisitorsinwinterinthepastB.visitingYellowstoneinwinterispreferredbymostlocalpeopleC.winterusedtobethebesttimetovisittheparkintermsofexpensesD.nowadaysmostpeoplechoosetotourtheparkonasnow-coachinwinter3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.thewirelessconnectionisnotsatisfactoryB.OldFaithfulprovidesafullviewoftheparkC.theentranceticketappliestoYellowstoneonlyD.youngergenerationsmakeupthemajorityofparkvisitors【答案】1.B2.A3.A【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章回答了几个关于黄石国家公园旅游的问题。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Howmuchistheentrancefee?部分中“$85-Private,non-commercialvehicle($85-私人、非商业车辆)”可知，杰弗瑞在寒假期间与父亲和女儿自驾游黄石公园需要支付私家车入场费85美元。故选B项。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线句中“Inyearspast”和下文“Now”可推知，上下文描述了过去和现在的情况，结合下文“Nowitismorerestrictedunlessyoucanaffordasnow-coachorguidedsnowmobiletour.(现在的限制更多了，除非你能负担得起雪上马车或有导游的雪上摩托之旅)”中“morerestricted”可推知，上下文比较了冬季游黄石公园受到限制的情况，所以，划线句中“Inyearspastitwasmore‘economical’tovisitmostofthepark.”是指过去在冬季游黄石公园，大部分地方都是受到限制的，而现在限制更多了。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据CanIgetCellandWi-Fi?部分中“FreepublicWi-FiisavailableatAl-brightVisitorCenterandatsomeparklodgesforregisteredguests.Cellserviceisextremelylimited,withreceptiononlyavailableinornearmajordevelopedareas.Insummer,serviceoftenreachesitslimitintheseareas.(阿尔布赖特游客中心和部分公园小屋为已登记的客人提供免费公共Wi-Fi。手机服务非常有限，只有在主要开发地区或附近才能接收到信号。在夏季，这些地区的服务常常达到极限)”可知，公园里的无线信号差强人意。故选A项。BOnJanuary7th,2022,DavidBennettbecamethefirstpersontohaveahearttransplantedsuccessfullyintohimfromapig.Onthatoccasion,mereoperationsuccesswasthegoal.Thisoperationisamilestoneforxenotransplantation(异种移植)—thetransferoforgansfromotherspeciestohumanpatients.Fordecades,researchershaveattemptedtodealwithxenotransplantation’sbasicproblem.Thisisthatthehumanbody,whenitrecognizesforeigntissue,tendstoturnagainstit.Inthecaseofpigs,themostimportantmarkerofforeignnessisasugarmolecule(分子)calledalpha-Gal.Whilethismoleculedoesnotexistinhumans,antibodiestokillitdo.Sonotransplantfromapigwithalpha-Galwouldlastmorethanacoupleofminutesinahumanbody.In2003pigswereproducedwithachangedgenomesoastopreventtheenzyme(酶)responsibleformakingalpha-Gal.Thiswasastepintherightdirection,butotherbarrierspoppedup.ThepigforDavid’soperationhadagenomechangedintenwaystoincreasethechancesofsuccess.Threegeneshadbeenremovedtoreducetheriskofahumanantibodyrejectingtheorgan.Afourth,agrowthgene,hadalsobeenknockedout,toensuretheheartdidnotenlargeaftertransplantation.Andsixhumangeneshadbeenaddedtopromoteacceptance. Thereareotherconcerns.Oneisanyunknownrejectionmechanism.Anotheristhepossibilitythattheorganmaypassvirusestoitsnewhost.Thepiginquestionwasraisedwheretherewasnovirustoreducethechanceofthat,butitremainsapossibility.Intheory,pigscanberaisedtoprovidehumanswithanysolidorgan,butsomewillbemorecomplexthanothers.Moreover,evenifthesebarrierscanbeovercome,mostresearchersstillacknowledgethatincreasingxenotransplantationtomeettheworld’sdemandfororgansmaytakedecades.Afterthisnews,however,thechancesthatitwillhappeneventuallyhaveincreased.4.Whatisthebasicproblemofxenotransplantation?A.Thehumanbodylacksalpha-Gal.B.Thehumanbodyresistsforeigntissues.C.Thelifeofthetransplantedorganistooshort.D.Theenzymeispreventedfrommakingalpha-Gal.5.WhywasagrowthgeneremovedinDavid’scase?A.BecauseitwouldchangeDavid’sgenome.B.Becauseitwouldleadtoheartenlargement.C.Becauseitwouldmaketheheartmoreacceptable.D.BecauseitwouldberecognizedbyDavid’santibodies.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepig?A.Itsavedthepatient’slifeperfectly.B.Ithadadecreasednumberofgenes.C.Ithadanunknownrejectionmechanism.D.Itwasraisedinavirus-freeenvironment.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofxenotransplantation?A.Optimistic.B.Indifferent.C.Disturbed.D.Uncertain.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首例异种移植手术成功，大卫·贝内特成为第一个从猪身上成功移植心脏的人。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Fordecades,researchershaveattemptedtodealwithxenotransplantation’sbasicproblem.Thisisthatthehumanbody,whenitrecognizesforeigntissue,tendstoturnagainstit.”（几十年 来，研究人员一直试图解决异种移植的基本问题。这就是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织。）可知，异种移植的基本问题是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织，由此可知，异种移植的基本障碍是人体抵抗（排斥）外来组织。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Afourth,agrowthgene,hadalsobeenknockedout,toensuretheheartdidnotenlargeaftertransplantation.”（第四个是生长基因，也被移除，以确保移植后心脏不会扩大。）可知，移除生长基因是为了确保移植后心脏不会扩大。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Thepiginquestionwasraisedwheretherewasnovirustoreducethechanceofthat,butitremainsapossibility.”（讨论中的那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的，以减少感染的机会，但仍然有可能感染病毒。）可知，为了减少感染的机会，那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Moreover,eventhesebarrierscanbeovercome,mostresearchersstillacknowledgethatincreasingxenotransplantationtomeettheworld’sdemandfororgansmaytakedecades.Afterthisnews,however,thechancesthatitwillhappeneventuallyhaveincreased.”（此外，即使这些障碍可以克服，大多数研究人员仍然承认，增加异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求可能需要几十年。然而，这一消息之后，最终发生的可能性增加了。）可知，作者认为，这次异种移植手术的成功，表明未来异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求的可能性增加了，由此可知，作者对异种移植的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。CWhatdoHarryPotter,KatnissEverdeen,andFrodoallhaveincommonwiththeheroesofancientmyths(神话)?JosephCampbellstudiedmythsfromallovertheworldandpublishedabookcalled“TheHerowithaThousandFaces”,retellingdozensofstoriesandexplaininghoweachrepresentsthemono-myth,orHero’sJourney.So,whatisthe“Hero’sJourney”?Hethinksofitasacycleinhisbook.Thejourneybeginswiththeheroreceivingamysteriousmessage,aninvitation,orachallenge.Aftercrossingthethresholdfromhissafehometoadventure,withsomehelpprobablyfromsomeoneolder,wiser,ourherosolvesariddle,slaysamonster,escapesfromatrap.Thehero’sdarkesthourthencomes,whenhefacesdeathandpossiblyevendies,onlytobereborn.Asaresult,theheroclaimssometreasure,specialrecognition,orpower,whichcanvarybetweenstories.Afterallthatadventure,theheroreturnstohisordinaryworld,butupgradestoanewlevel.Nothingisquitethesameonceyouareahero.TheHero’sJourneymythexistsinallhumanculturesandkeepsgettingupdated,becausewehumansreflectonourworldthroughsymbolicstoriesofourownlives.Youleaveyourcomfortzone,haveanexperiencethat transformsyouandthenyourecoveranddoitagain.Youdon’tliterallyslaydragonsorfightVoldemort,butyoufaceproblemsjustasscary.JosephCampbellsaid,“Inthecaveyoufeartoenterliesthetreasureyouseek.”Whatisthesymboliccavethenyoufeartoenter?Auditions(试镜)fortheschoolplay?Baseballtryouts?Love?Watchforthisformula(公式)inbooks,movies,andTVshowsyoucomeacross.Youwillcertainlyseeitagain.Alsobesensitivetoitinyourownlife.Listenforyourcalltoadventure.Acceptthechallenge.Conqueryourfearandclaimthetreasureyouseek.Andthen,doitalloveragain.8.Whatisthecorrectorderofthe“Hero’sJourney”?①Returntotheordinaryworldbutupgradetoanewlevel.②Receiveacalltoadventureandassistancefromawiserman.③Setoutontheadventureandgothroughaseriesoftoughtrials.④Facealife-or-deathcrisisandberebornwithsomespecialpower.A.①②③④B.④②①③C.②③④①D.③②④①9.WhyisHero’sJourneymythsopopular?A.Becauseit’sawaytolearnaboutthepast.B.Becauseit’sawaytoreflectonourworld.C.Becausethesestoriesarepartofhumanculture.D.Becausethesestoriesarealwaysbeingupdated.10.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthordisagreewith?A.Weallneeda“cave”tohideinfaceofdanger.B.Difficultieswefacetendtobetreasuresinlife.C.Ourcomfortzonewillpromoteourdevelopment.D.Weshouldwatchmoremoviesandshowsfortheformula.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.WheretoFindaHero.B.BeYourOwnHero.C.HowtoConquerYourFear.D.SeekYourScaryCave.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍英雄的旅程，倡导大家倾听冒险的召唤，接受挑战，征服恐惧。【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thejourneybeginswiththeheroreceivingamysteriousmessage,aninvitation,orachallenge.Aftercrossingthethresholdfromhissafehometoadventure,withsomehelpprobablyfromsomeoneolder,wiser,ourherosolvesariddle,slaysamonster,escapesfromatrap.Thehero’sdarkesthourthencomes,whenhefacesdeathandpossiblyevendies,onlytobereborn.Asaresult,theheroclaimssometreasure,specialrecognition,orpower,whichcanvarybetweenstories.Afterallthatadventure,theheroreturnstohisordinaryworld,butupgradestoanewlevel.Nothingisquitethesameonceyouareahero.(旅程开始于英雄收到一个神秘的信息，一个邀请，或一个挑战。英雄步出平凡安稳的家门，展开冒险。在一些年长、聪明的人的帮助下，他解开了一个谜语，杀死了一个怪物，从陷阱中逃脱。然后，英雄最黑暗的时刻到来了，他面临死亡，甚至为了能够重生，必须先死过一次。结果，英雄获得了一些宝藏、特别的认可或力量，这些在不同的故事中有所不同。在所有的冒险之后，英雄回到了他的平凡世界，但他再也不是昔日吴下阿蒙)”可知，英雄的旅程是：接到冒险的召唤并受到智者的帮助——踏上冒险之旅并经历一系列艰难的考验——面对生死危机，获得重生和特殊能力——回到平凡的世界，超越过去的自己，提升到新的水平。对应的正确顺序是②③④①。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TheHero’sJourneymythexistsinallhumanculturesandkeepsgettingupdatedbecausewehumansreflectonourworldthroughsymbolicstoriesofourownlives.(英雄之旅存在于所有的文化中，并且不断地推陈出新。因为我们人类通过自身生活中极具象征性的故事，反映出所处的世界)”可知，英雄之旅的神话如此流行是因为它是反思我们的世界的一种方式。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Youdon’tliterallyslaydragonsorfightVoldemort,butyoufaceproblemsjustasscary.JosephCampbellsaid,“Inthecaveyoufeartoenterliesthetreasureyouseek.”(你不需要真正地屠龙或对抗伏地魔，但你面临的问题同样可怕。约瑟夫·坎贝尔说过：“在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏”)”以及倒数第二段“Whatisthesymboliccavethenyoufeartoenter?Auditions(试镜)fortheschoolplay?Baseballtryouts?Love?(你害怕进入的象征性洞穴是什么？学校戏剧的试镜？棒球选拔赛？爱？)”可知，在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏，由此推知，作者认为“洞穴”是好的，只有进入这些你害怕进入的洞穴才能找到寻找中的宝藏。A项：Weallneeda“cave”tohideinfaceofdanger(面对困难时，我们都需要一个“洞穴”来躲藏)与作者表述不符。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“Youwillcertainlyseeitagain.Alsobesensitivetoitinyourownlife.Listenforyourcalltoadventure.Acceptthechallenge.Conqueryourfearandclaimthetreasureyouseek.Andthen,doitalloveragain.( 你一定会再看到它。在你自己的生活中也要对它保持敏感。倾听冒险的召唤。接受挑战。征服你的恐惧，得到你想要的宝藏。然后，再来一遍)”可知，文章倡导去冒险，接受挑战，征服恐惧。B项：BeYourOwnHero(做自己的英雄)可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。DAmericawaswhereallmymother’shopeslay.MymotherbelievedonecouldbeanythinghewantedtobeinAmerica.“Youcanbeaprodigy(神童),too,”mymothertoldmewhenIwasnine.“Youcanbebestatanything.”Wedidn’timmediatelypicktherightkindofprodigy.AtfirstmymotherthoughtIcouldbeaChineseShirleyTemple.We’dwatchShirley’soldmoviesonTVasthoughtheyweretrainingfilms.Mymotherwouldpokemyarmandsay,“Nikan”—Youwatch.SoonaftermymothergotthisideaaboutShirleyTemple,shetookmetoabeautytrainingschoolandputmeinthehandsofastudentwhocouldbarelyholdthescissorswithoutshaking.Insteadofgettingbigfatcurls,Iemergedwithanunevenmassofcrinklyblackfuzz.Infact,inthebeginning,Iwasjustasexcitedasmymother,maybeevenmoreso.Ipicturedthisprodigypartofmeasmanydifferentimages,tryingeachoneonforsize.Iwasadaintyballerinagirlstandingbythecurtains,waitingtoheartherightmusicthatwouldsendmefloatingonmytiptoes.IwasCinderellasteppingfromherpumpkincarriagewithsparklycartoonmusicfillingtheair.Inallofmyimaginings,IwasfilledwithasensethatIwouldsoonbecomeperfect.Mymotherandfatherwouldadoreme.Iwouldbebeyondreproach(责备).Iwouldneverbeannoyedbyanything.Everynightafterdinner,mymotherandIwouldsitattheFormicakitchentable.Shewouldpresentnewtests,takingherexamplesfromstoriesofamazingchildrenshehadreadandadozenothermagazinesshekeptinapileinourbathroom.Mymothergotthesemagazinesfrompeoplewhosehousesshecleaned.Shewouldlookthroughthemall,searchingforstoriesaboutremarkablechildren.Thefirstnightshebroughtoutastoryaboutathree-year-oldboywhoknewthecapitalsofallthestatesandevenmostoftheEuropeancountries.Ateacherwasquotedassayingthelittleboycouldalsopronouncethenamesoftheforeigncitiescorrectly.“What’sthecapitalofFinland?”mymotheraskedme,lookingatthemagazinestory.AllIknewwasthecapitalofCalifornia,becauseSacramentowasthenameofthestreetwelivedoninChinatown.“Nairobi!”Iguessed,sayingthemostforeignwordIcouldthinkof.Shecheckedtoseeifthatwaspossiblyonewaytopronounce“Helsinki”beforeshowingmetheanswer.Thetestsgotharder—multiplyingnumbersinmyhead,findingthequeenofheartsinadeckofcards,tryingtostandonmyheadwithoutusingmyhands,predictingthedailytemperaturesinLosAngeles,NewYork,andLondon. Andafterseeingmymother’sdisappointedfaceonceagain,somethinginsideofmebegantodie.Ihatedthetests,theraisedhopesandfailedexpectations.Beforegoingtobedthatnight,IlookedinthemirrorandwhenIsawonlymyfacestaringback—andthatitwouldalwaysbethisordinaryface—Ibegantocry.Suchasad,uglygirl!Imadehigh-pitched(尖锐的)noiseslikeacrazedanimal,tryingtoscratchoutthefaceinthemirror.AndthenIsawwhatseemedtobetheprodigysideofme—becauseIhadneverseenthatfacebefore.Ilookedatmyreflection,blinkingsoIcouldseemoreclearly.Thegirlstaringbackatmewasangry,powerful.ThisgirlandIwerethesame.Ihadnewthoughts,willfulthoughts,orratherthoughtsfilledwithlotsofwon’ts.Iwon’tletherchangeme,Ipromisedmyself.Iwon’tbewhatI’mnot.12.WhydidthemotherandthegirlwatchShirleyTemple’soldmoviesonTV?A.BecausethemotherwasafanofShirleyTempleB.BecausethegirlresembledShirleyTempleinappearance.C.BecauseShirleyTemple’shairstylewasverypopularamongchildren.D.BecausethemotherwantedherdaughtertobeaChineseShirleyTemple.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheteststhegirldideverynight?A.Shegotthroughthetestspainfully.B.Shefeltconfidentandfinishedthemsmoothly.C.Shefailedthetestsandbegantoloseconfidence.D.Shemadepreparationsforteststopleasehermother.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthepassagemean?A.Themotherwasdisappointedandgaveupherdaughter.B.Themotherexpectedherdaughtertoknowtherightanswer.C.Theanswersweremorethanoneandthemothercheckedthem.D.Themotherwasnotsureabouttheanswerandwantedtoconfirmit.15.Whatmighthappenafterthelastparagraph?A.Thegirlmightdowhatshereallylikes.B.Thegirlmightdowhateverhermotherasks.C.Thegirlmighttryherbesttobecomesuccessful.D.Themothermightchangeherattitudeandlistentoherdaughter.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了望女成凤的妈妈把女儿按天才来培养，但无数次的失败让女儿失 去信心。但一次镜子前的自省让女儿接受了真正的自我，决定不再受妈妈的摆布，要去做自己真正喜欢做的事。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“AtfirstmymotherthoughtIcouldbeaChineseShirleyTemple.We’dwatchShirley’soldmoviesonTVasthoughtheyweretrainingfilms.(起初，我妈妈认为我可以成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿。我们会在电视上看雪莉演的老电影，就像看训练电影一样)”可知，妈妈和女孩在电视上看秀兰·邓波儿的老电影是因为妈妈希望女儿成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿，让女儿通过看电影来接受训练。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Andafterseeingmymother’sdisappointedfaceonceagain,somethinginsideofmebegantodie.Ihatedthetests,theraisedhopesandfailedexpectations.Beforegoingtobedthatnight,IlookedinthemirrorandwhenIsawonlymyfacestaringback—andthatitwouldalwaysbethisordinaryface—Ibegantocry.Suchasad,uglygirl!(在再次看到母亲失望的脸后，我内心的某些东西开始消亡。我讨厌考试，讨厌那些高涨的希望和失败的期望。那天晚上睡觉前，我照镜子，只看到自己的脸在盯着我看——而且永远都是这张普通的脸——我哭了起来。多么悲伤、丑陋的女孩!)”可知，女孩没有通过那些测试，并开始对自己失去信心。故选C项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文可知，妈妈问女儿“芬兰的首都是哪里?”，女儿给出了一个明显错误的答案“内罗毕”。根据划线句“Shecheckedtoseeifthatwaspossiblyonewaytopronounce“Helsinki”beforeshowingmetheanswer.(在给我看答案之前，她查了一下“赫尔辛基”是否可能是这样发音的)”可知，妈妈专门查了芬兰首都“赫尔辛基”是否可以读作“内罗毕”，由此推知，妈妈非常希望女儿的答案是正确的，甚至寄希望于“内罗毕”是“赫尔辛基”的另一个读音。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ilookedatmyreflection,blinkingsoIcouldseemoreclearly.Thegirlstaringbackatmewasangry,powerful.ThisgirlandIwerethesame.Ihadnewthoughts,willfulthoughts,orratherthoughtsfilledwithlotsofwon’ts.Iwon’tletherchangeme,Ipromisedmyself.Iwon’tbewhatI’mnot.(我看着自己的影子，眨了眨眼睛，以便看得更清楚。那个盯着我看的女孩很生气，很强势。这个女孩和我是一样的。我有了新的想法，任性的想法，或者更确切地说，是充满了很多不愿意的想法。我不会让她改变我，我向自己保证。我不会成为我不是的样子)”可推知，女儿的遭受挫折后重新审视了自己，接受了真正的自我，决定不再受妈妈的摆布。接下来，她要去做自己真正喜欢做的事。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Imaginethatasyouareboardinganairplane,halftheengineerswhobuilttheplanetellyouthereisa10percentchancetheplanewillcrash,killingyouandeveryoneelseonboard.Wouldyoustillboard?In2022,over700topacademicsandresearchersbehindtheleadingartificialintelligencecompanieswereaskedinasurveyaboutfutureAIrisk.Halfofthosesurveyedstatedthattherewasa10percentorgreaterchanceofhumanextinctionfromfutureAIsystems.____16____ThefearofAIhashauntedhumanitysincethemid-20thcentury,yetuntilrecentlyithasremainedadistantprospect,somethingthatbelongsinsci-fimorethaninseriousscientificandpoliticaldebates.____17____Itisevenhardertograspthespeedatwhichthesetoolsaredevelopingevenmoreadvancedandpowerfulcapabilities.Butmostofthekeyskillsboildowntoonething:theabilitytomanipulate(操纵)andgeneratelanguage,whetherwithwords,soundsorimages.Inthebeginningwastheword.____18____Fromlanguageemergesmythandlaw,goodsandmoney,artandscience,friendshipsandnations—evencomputercode.AI’snewmasteryoflanguagemeansitcannowhackandmanipulatetheoperatingsystemofcivilization.Whatwoulditmeanforhumanstoliveinaworldwherealargepercentageofstories,melodies,images,laws,policiesandtoolsareshapedbynon-humanintelligence?____19____Whathappenswhenthesamethingoccursinart,politics,andevenreligion?____20____Wearesurroundedbyculture,experiencingrealitythroughaculturalprism(棱镜).Ourviewsareshapedbythereportsofjournalistsandtheaccountsoffriends.Whatwillitbeliketoexperiencerealitythroughaprismproducedbynon-humanintelligence?ThetimetoreckonwithAIisbeforeourpolitics,oureconomyandourdailylifebecomedependentonit.A.Humansoftendon’thavedirectaccesstoreality.B.Languageistheoperatingsystemofhumanculture.C.Ingameslikechess,nohumancanhopetobeatacomputer.D.Bygainingmasteryoflanguage,AIisseizingthemasterkeytocivilization.E.Technologycompaniesarecaughtinaracetoputallofhumanityonthatplane.F.Forthousandsofyearswehumanshavelivedinsidethedreamsofotherhumans.G.It’sdifficultforhumanmindstograspthecapabilitiesofGPT-4andsimilartools.【答案】16.E17.G18.B19.C20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。【16题详解】 根据上文“In2022,over700topacademicsandresearchersbehindtheleadingartificialintelligencecompanieswereaskedinasurveyaboutfutureAIrisk.Halfofthosesurveyedstatedthattherewasa10percentorgreaterchanceofhumanextinctionfromfutureAIsystems.(2022年，一项关于未来人工智能风险的调查询问了700多名顶尖学者和领先人工智能公司背后的研究人员。一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝)”结合第一段提到让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机，以及下文陈述人工智能将让人类面临危机可知，技术（人工智能）让所有人类都登上了这家可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项“Technologycompaniesarecaughtinaracetoputallofhumanityonthatplane.(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛)”符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据下文“Itisevenhardertograspthespeedatwhichthesetoolsaredevelopingevenmoreadvancedandpowerfulcapabilities.(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了)”中的evenharder推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G项“It’sdifficultforhumanmindstograspthecapabilitiesofGPT-4andsimilartools.(人类很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能)”符合题意，difficult呼应下文harder，下文thesdtools指代选项中的GPT-4andsimilartools。故选G。【18题详解】根据下文“Fromlanguageemergesmythandlaw,goodsandmoney,artandscience,friendshipsandnations—evencomputercode.(从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家，甚至计算机代码)”可知，语言对人类来说尤为重要。再结合“AI’snewmasteryoflanguagemeansitcannowhackandmanipulatetheoperatingsystemofcivilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”推知，语言之所以重要是因为它是人类的操作系统。B项“Languageistheoperatingsystemofhumanculture.(语言是人类文化的操作系统)”符合题意。故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“AI’snewmasteryoflanguagemeansitcannowhackandmanipulatetheoperatingsystemofcivilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”和下文“Whathappenswhenthesamethingoccursinart,politics,andevenreligion?(当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？)”推知，空处提到了一种人工智能操纵或者打败人类的情况，而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果。C项“Ingameslikechess,nohumancanhopetobeatacomputer.(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中，没有人能指望打败电脑)”符合语境，下文的“thesamething”指代选项内容。故选C。【20题详解】空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“Wearesurroundedbyculture,experiencingrealitythroughacultural prism(棱镜).Ourviewsareshapedbythereportsofjournalistsandtheaccountsoffriends.Whatwillitbeliketoexperiencerealitythroughaprismproducedbynon-humanintelligence?(我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？)”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的，由此推知，人类很少直接接触现实。A项“Humansoftendon’thavedirectaccesstoreality.(人类通常无法直接接触现实)”符合题意，总起下文，reality是关键词。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共一节，满分15分)完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastmonth,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangereleasedareportthatahotterfutureisunavoidable.Thescientistspredictkillerheatwaves,a(n)____21____ofwaterandfood,andmillionsofpeoplesufferinganddying.In2040whenmysonwillbecollege-aged,hewilllikelybemore____22____withairqualityandescapingtheheatthanwithhisacademicachievements.Bythetimehehas____23____ofhisown,reliableaccesstofoodandwatermaybemore____24____thanadiploma(文凭).Thatnight,Iaskedmyhusband:Whatifwestoppedputtingmoneyinourson’scollegefundandstartedusingthatmoneyto____25____himfromclimatechange?____26____playedabigroleinbothmyandmyhusband’scollegedecisions—Ididmyfirsttwoyearsatcommunitycollegeto____27____money,andmyhusband’scollegefundgotspentonkeepingthefamilybusinessrunning.Theideafelt____28____thatwewouldberemovingthose____29____forourownkidswiththemoneywewereputtingaside,somethingwehadstarteddoingwhileIwasstillpregnant.Aftermuchdiscussion,weagreedthatsavingmoneyforhiscollegeeducationwhenwearefacingaclimateemergencyjustdoesn’t_____30_____.Instead,weareplanningonusingthemoneytoinvest(投资)ina_____31_____lifestylenowbybuyingelectriccars,installingsolarpanelsandstartingabackyardvegetablegarden.Anothermom_____32_____meof“stealing”mychild’sfuturebyplanningtospendthismoneynow____33____savingitforhighereducation.ButmyhusbandandIareliving_____34_____thatyoudon’tneedasix-figurecollegefundtodowellinlife.Ifmysonwantstogotocollege,he’llfigureoutaway.Orhe’llbelikenearly80%oftheotherstudentsand_____35_____studentloandebt.21.A.floodB.shortageC.abundanceD.amount22.A.boredB.familiarC.concernedD.content23.A.kidsB.lifeC.businessD.property 24.A.impressiveB.convenientC.creativeD.acceptable25.A.freeB.separateC.releaseD.protect26A.EducationB.ExperiencesC.FinancesD.Family27.A.raiseB.earnC.saveD.pay28.A.practicalB.originalC.fashionableD.amazing29.A.limitationsB.objectionsC.doubtsD.risks30.A.takeeffectB.makesenseC.bearfruitD.cometrue31.A.care-freeB.value-freeC.stress-freeD.carbon-free32.A.accusedB.remindedC.suspectedD.convinced33.A.aswellasB.insteadofC.priortoD.infavorof34.A.casesB.lessonsC.experienceD.proof35A.takeonB.buildonC.tryonD.liveon【答案】21B22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.D30.B31.D32.A33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者担心儿子将来的生活会受到气候变化的影响，决定把给儿子存的大学基金用于践行“无碳生活”，让儿子的将来免受气候变化的影响。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们预测了致命的热浪，水和食物的短缺以及数百万人的痛苦和死亡。A.flood洪水；B.shortage短缺；C.abundance丰富；D.amount数量。根据句中“millionsofpeoplesufferinganddying”可推知，气候变化造成的是灾难性后果，水和食物的短缺，符合语境。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到2040年，当我儿子上大学的时候，他可能会更关心空气质量和避暑，而不是学习成绩。A.bored厌烦的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.concerned关心的；D.content满意的。根据上文“ahotterfutureisunavoidable”和句中“airqualityandescapingtheheat”可推知，儿子上大学时环境问题更严重，所以他更关心的是环境问题。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他有了自己的生活时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭更令人印象深刻。A.kids孩子；B.life生活；C.business商业；D.property财产。根据句中“Bythetimehehas...”可知，句中说的是将来的事情，指儿子有了自己的生活。故选B项。 【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他有了自己的生活时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭更令人印象深刻。A.impressive令人印象深刻的，令人瞩目的；B.convenient方便的；C.creative创造性的；D.acceptable可接受的。根据上文可知，作者认为更热的未来是不可避免的，儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以她认为在将来“可靠的食物和水的供应”比文凭更重要，更令人瞩目。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不再为儿子的大学基金存钱，而是开始用这笔钱保护他免受气候变化的影响呢?。A.free使免于；B.separate分开；C.release释放；D.protect保护。根据上文可知，作者认为儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以想要保护他，让他免受气候变化的影响；protect...from...“保护……不受……伤害”。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济状况在我和我丈夫的大学选择中都起了很大的作用——我在社区大学读了前两年是为了省钱，而我丈夫的大学基金则花在了维持家族企业的运转上。A.Education教育；B.Experiences经验；C.Finances财务，经济情况；D.Family家庭。根据下文“Ididmyfirsttwoyearsatcommunitycollegeto7money,andmyhusband’scollegefundgotspentonkeepingthefamilybusinessrunning.”可知，作者讲述的是经济状况对大学的影响。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济状况在我和我丈夫的大学选择中都起了很大的作用——我在社区大学读了前两年是为了省钱，而我丈夫的大学基金则花在了维持家族企业的运转上。A.raise筹集；B.earn赚取；C.save节省；D.pay付出。结合常识可知，“communitycollege”的学费更便宜。故选C项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个想法感觉很实际，我们可以用我们存起来的钱为我们自己的孩子消除这些风险，这些钱是我还在怀孕的时候就开始存的。A.practical实际的，切实可行的；B.original原始的；C.fashionable时尚的；D.amazing惊人的。根据下文“usingthemoneytoinvest(投资)ina　　11　　lifestylenowbybuyingelectriccars,installingsolarpanelsandstartingabackyardvegetablegarden”可知，作者真的把儿子的大学基金用来帮助儿子未来不受气候变化的影响，把想法付诸实践，所以这个想法是实际的。故选A项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法感觉很实际，我们可以用我们存起来的钱为我们自己的孩子消除这些风险，这些钱是我还在怀孕的时候就开始存的。A.limitations限制；B.objections反对意见；C.doubts怀疑；D.risks风险。根据上文可知，作者认为儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以想要保护他，要帮助他消 除未来的风险。故选D项。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过多次讨论，我们一致认为，当我们面临气候紧急情况时，为他的大学教育存钱是没有意义的。A.takeeffect生效；B.makesense有意义；C.bearfruit结出果实；D.cometrue成真。根据上文“reliableaccesstofoodandwatermaybemore4thanadiploma(文凭)”和句中“whenwearefacingaclimateemergency”可知，作者认为在面临气候紧急情况时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭重要，为大学教育存钱是没有意义的。故选B项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们现在正计划用这笔钱投资于一种无碳的生活方式，购买电动汽车，安装太阳能电池板，并开始在后院种植蔬菜。A.care-free无忧无虑的；B.value-free无价值的；C.stress-free无压力的；D.carbon-free无碳的。根据句中“buyingelectriccars,installingsolarpanelsandstartingabackyardvegetablegarden”可知，作者购买了电动汽车，安装了太阳能电池板，并开始在后院种植蔬菜，这些都是一种无碳的生活方式。故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一位母亲指责我“偷走”了孩子的未来，因为我打算把这些钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子接受高等教育。A.accused指责；B.reminded提醒；C.suspected怀疑；D.convinced确信。根据句中“‘stealing’mychild’sfuture”可知，作者受到另位个母亲的指责。故选A项。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：另一位母亲指责我“偷走”了孩子的未来，因为我打算把这些钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子接受高等教育。A.aswellas也；B.insteadof而不是；C.priorto在……之前；D.infavorof赞成。根据上文可知，作者把儿子的大学基金用于“无碳的生活”，所以这位母亲指责她把钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子未来接受高等教育。故选B项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我丈夫和我就是活生生的例子，证明你不需要六位数的大学学费就能过上好日子。A.cases情况；B.lessons教训；C.experience经验；D.proof证明，证据。根据上文“Ididmyfirsttwoyearsatcommunitycollegeto7money,andmyhusband’scollegefundgotspentonkeepingthefamilybusinessrunning.”可知，作者与丈夫读大学时也面临了财务问题，但这并未影响他们现在的生活，所以作者觉得自己和丈夫是活生生的证据，证明上大学并不一定需要一大笔大学基金。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：或者他也会像其他80%的学生一样，承担学生贷款债务。A.takeon承担；B. buildon建立在……之上；C.tryon试穿；D.liveon靠……生活。根据“loandebt”可知，作者觉得儿子可以与其它大多数学生一样，承担学生贷款去付学费。故选A项。第四部分短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplantinJapanwas____36____(severe)damagedbyatsunamiin2011,leadingtoamajornucleardisaster.Sincethen,waterhasbeencontinuouslyused____37____(cool)thedamagedreactors(反应堆)andpreventfurtherdamage.TokyoElectricPowerCompany(TEPCO),the____38____(operate)oftheplant,saidthatthestoragetankstookuptoomuchspaceduetothewastewater.SoJapaninitiallysaidthatit____39____(begin)releasingthewaterintotheoceaninthespringof2023.OnMarch17,partoftheequipment____40____wasrelatedtothedischargeofnuclear-contaminatedwaterfromtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplantstartedoperationfor____41____firsttime,accordingtoJapanesemediaTVAsahi.AccordingtoTheGuardian,theJapanesegovernmentarguedthatthewater____42____(treat)toremovemostoftheradioactiveisotopes(同位素),sothewaterwouldbesafetobereleasedintotheocean.However,noteveryoneagreeswiththisdecision.Environmentalgroupsandlocalfishermenhaveexpressedconcernabouttheimpactofthewastewater____43____marinelifeandthefishingindustry,theBBCreported.TheChineseForeignMinistryonMarch14onceagaindenounced(谴责)Japan’sunilateral(单边的)decisiontodumpnuclear-contaminatedwastewaterintothesea,____44____(consider)themoveanattempttoshifttheriskofnuclearpollutiontoallofmankind.Theministryalsowarnedthecountrynottostarttheplan_____45_____fullconsultation(磋商)withitsneighborsandrelevantinternationalinstitutions.【答案】36.severely37.tocool38.operator39.wouldbegin40.which##that41.the42.hadbeentreated43.on44.considering45.before【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。【36题详解】考查副词。句意：2011年，日本福岛第一核电站在海啸中遭到严重破坏，引发了一场重大核灾难。提示词修饰动词damaged，用副词severely作状语，意为“非常严重地”。故填severely。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，水一直被用来冷却受损的反应堆，防止进一步损坏。beusedtodo...是固定搭配，意为“被用来……”。故填tocool。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：该核电站的运营商东京电力公司(TEPCO)表示，由于废水，储存罐占用了太多空间。根据空格前冠词the可知，空格处用名词，结合句意和提示词，表示“运营商”，用名词operator，作同位语。故填operator。【39题详解】考查时态。句意：因此，日本最初表示将在2023年春季开始向海洋排放这些水。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，结合主句时态和句意，在过去说将要去做的事情，用过去将来时态wouldbegin。故填wouldbegin。【40题详解】考查定语从句。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，先行词是theequipment，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which或that。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。forthefirsttime是固定短语，意为“首次；第一次”，作时间状语。故填the。【42题详解】考查动词语态。句意：据《卫报》报道，日本政府辩称，这些水已经经过处理，去除了大部分放射性同位素，因此可以安全排放到海洋中。提示词treat(处理)是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语thewater之间是被动关系，结合句意，“水经过处理”发生在现在说可以安全排放之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填hadbeentreated。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，环保组织和当地渔民对废水对海洋生物和渔业的影响表示担忧。impacton...是固定搭配，意为“对……影响”。故填on。 【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：3月14日，中国外交部再次谴责日本单方面决定将受核污染的废水倾倒入海，认为此举企图将核污染风险转嫁给全人类。“(consider)themoveanattempttoshifttheriskofnuclearpollutiontoallofmankind.”在句中作伴随状语，consider(认为)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语TheChineseForeignMinistry之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动和伴随。故填considering。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：外交部还警告说，在与邻国和相关国际机构充分协商之前，不要启动该计划。根据句意，表示“在……之前”，用介词before构成介词短语，作时间状语。故填before。第五部分基础知识填空(共两节，满分15分)第一节单词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下列句子并根据所给的首字母或中文用适当的单词和形式填空。46.Ifeelluckytohavetheopportunitytos________thecountry’sdeliciouscuisinesandexploreitshistoricallandmarks.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】stomach##tomach【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：我很幸运能有机会品尝到这个国家的美味佳肴，探索它的历史地标。根据句意和所给首字母s以及空格前的不定式符合to可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母s开头的动词原形，且意义为“能吃”，所以应该用动词stomach。故填stomach。47.Toh________theroleofwomeninChinesesociety,thenewspaperpublishesaseriesofstoriesdetailingtheirworkandachievementsindifferentfields.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】highlight##ighlight【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：为了突出女性在中国社会中的作用，该报刊登了一系列报道，详细介绍了她们在不同领域的工作和成就。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词highlight“突出，强调”符合题意，空处填其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填highlight。48.Wecandecreaseourcarbonfootprintbycuttingbackonwaterc________andnothavingourbeddingandtowelswashedeveryday.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】consumption##onsumption【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以通过减少用水量，不每天洗床上用品和毛巾来减少碳足迹。根据句中“nothavingourbeddingandtowelswashedeveryday”可知，要减少用水量，结合首字母提示，用名词 consumption作宾语，意为“消耗量”，不可数名词；waterconsumption“耗水量”。故填consumption。49.Aresearchteamhasmadeab________inautonomousdriving,developingatechnologythatcouldresolveself-drivingsafetyconcerns.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】breakthrough##reakthrough【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：一个研究小组在自动驾驶领域取得了突破，开发出了一种可以解决自动驾驶安全问题的技术。结合句中“developingatechnologythatcouldresolveself-drivingsafetyconcerns.”可推知，研究取得了突破，结合首字母提示，应用名词breakthrough作宾语，意为“突破”，根据空格前冠词a可知，用单数名词。故填breakthrough。50.Aseriesofsocialproblemshavea________alongwiththedevelopmentofeconomy.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】arisen##risen【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：随着经济的发展，出现了一系列的社会问题。根据句意和所给首字母a以及空格前的have分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母a开头的动词过去分词，且意义为“产生，出现”，所以应该用arisen。故填arisen。51.Thereis________(确凿的)scientificevidencethatnatureandecosystemshavethepotentialtoadapttotheclimatecrisis.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】solid【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：有确凿的科学证据表明，自然和生态系统具有适应气候危机的潜力。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词solid，修饰名词evidence，作定语。故填solid。52.Withtheecologicalbalance________(恢复),thisareahaswitnessedreducedsandstorms.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】restoring【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：随着生态平衡的恢复，该地区的沙尘暴减少了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词restore；在with符合结构，应填其非谓语动词形式作宾补，宾语theecologicalbalance和restore之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填restoring。53.Whenhecan’t________(识别)aspeciesjustbylookingatitsorgan,heconsultshislibraryandsendspicturestocolleagues.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】identify【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：当他不能仅仅通过观察器官来识别一个物种时，他会去图书馆，并将照片发送给同事。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，此处使用动词identify，情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填identify。54.Theconceptof“harmonybetweenhumanityandnature”isa________(明显的)characteristicofChinesecivilization.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】distinct【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：“天人合一”的理念是中华文明的鲜明特征。“明显的”在句中修饰名词characteristic，用形容词distinct，作定语。故填distinct。55.Thecompanyaimstobeattheforefrontofcutting-edgetechnologiesintheworld’slargestandmost________(充满活力的)vehiclemarket—China.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】dynamic##vibrant##vigorous【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司的目标是在全球最大、最具活力的汽车市场——中国，走在尖端技术的前沿。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，形容词dynamic/vibrant/vigorous符合题意，做定语，修饰名词词组vehiclemarket。故填dynamic/vibrant/vigorous。第二节词组填空(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)阅读下列句子并根据所给的中文提示用适当的词组填空，每空一词。56.________________(除了……外)globalwarming,thosepresentattheinternationalmeetingalsodiscussedotherissues.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.Apart②.from【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：除了全球变暖，出席国际会议的人还讨论了其他问题。根据汉语提示可知，空格处应该填入一个短语，其意义为“除了”，所以应该用短语apartfrom。故填Apartfrom。57.Thiswas________________(毫无疑问)themostchallengingexaminationIhaveevertaken.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.without②.doubt【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这毫无疑问是我参加过的最具挑战性的考试。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语withoutdoubt。故填①without；②doubt。58.Thecompany’sattemptto________________(打入，进入)themobilephonemarketfailedaftertheirproductsoldbadly.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.break②.into【解析】【详解】考查动词短语。句意：由于产品销售不佳，该公司试图打入手机市场的努力失败了。根据汉语提示可知，“打入，进入”应该用动词短语breakinto表示；再由空格前的不定式符号to可知，break应该用动词原形。故填breakinto。59.Lastyear,about60tigerswerekilledinIndia,many________________________(成为……的受害者)traffickers(非法商贩)thatoperatebetweenIndia,NepalandChina.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.falling②.victim③.to【解析】【详解】考查短语和独立主格。句意：去年，印度约有60只老虎被杀，其中许多是在印度、尼泊尔和中国之间活动的人贩子的受害者。根据汉语提示，动词短语fallvictimto符合；分析可知，此处为独立主格结构作状语，fallintovictim和主语many（指代老虎）之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填falling；into；victim。60.It______________________________(毫不奇怪)toseecompetitionamongpoliticalpartiesastheyholddifferentbeliefs.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.comes②.as③.no④.surprise【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：看到政党之间的竞争并不奇怪，因为他们持有不同的信仰。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语comeasnosurprise符合题意；come为主句谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填comes；as；no；surprise。第六部分写作(满分25分)61.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文TheicywindhowledacrosstheemptystreetanditwasanunusuallyquietdayintheemergencyroomonDecember25th.Quiet,thatis,exceptforthenurseswhowerestandingaroundthenurses’stationcomplainingabouthavingtoworkonChristmasDay.Iwasaguidingnursethatdayandhadjustdonethecleanupinthewaitingroom.Sincetherewerenopatientswaitingtobeseenatthetime,Ireturnedtothenurses’stationforacupofhotcoffeethatsomeonehadbroughtinforChristmas.Justthen,acolleaguecameinandtoldmeIhadfivepatientswaitingtobeevaluated. Iwassurprised,“Five?HowdidIgetfive?Iwasjustoutthereandnoonewasinthewaitingroom.”“Well,therearefivesignedin.”SoIwentstraightoutandcalledthefirstname.Fivebodiesshowedupatmyguidingdesk,apaleshortwomanandfoursmallchildreninuntidyclothing.“Areyouallsick?”Iasked.“Yes,"shesaidweaklyandloweredherhead.“Okay,”Ireplied.“Who’sfirst?”Onebyonetheysatdown,andIaskedtheusualbeginningquestions.Whenitcametothedescriptionoftheirsymptoms,thingsgotalittlevague(含糊的).Twoofthechildrenhadheadaches,buttheheadachesweren’taccompaniedbythenormalbodylanguageofholdingtheheadortryingtokeepitstill.Twochildrenhadearaches,butonlyonecouldtellmewhichearwasaffected.Themothercomplainedofacough,butseemedtoworktoproduceit.Somethingwaswrongwiththepicture.SuddenlyIknewsomething.SoIexplainedtothemotherthatitmightbealittlewhilebeforeadoctorsawherbecausetherewereseveralmorecriticalpatients.sheresponded,“Takeyourtime.It’swarmhereandthereisaChristmastree.”注意：续写词数应为150左右：Thenthemotherturnedand,withasmile,settledherkidsinthewaitingroom.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thenurses,complainingaboutworkingChristmas,turnedtosympathyforthehomelessfamily._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thenthemotherturnedand,withasmile,settledherkidsinthewaitingroom.Thoughwarm,theroomwasfarfromcomfortableforchildren,whonestledcloselybytheChristmastree.Theyoungestkidwasstaringatgiftsunderthetree,exclaimingsomethingtohermother.Metwithrefusal,thewretchedcreaturewasontheverge oftears.Theguiltymotherlookedupset,greatsorrowcloudingherface.Therestfroze,eyesfallingontheirlittlesister.Realizingtheywerehomeless,Iwentbackandtoldmycolleagueswhathadhappened.Mycolleagues,complainingaboutworkingChristmas,turnedtosympathyforthehomelessfamily.Soonwewerebusypreparingpresentsforourunexpectedguests,whojustwantedtostaywarmonChristmasDay.Withgiftsinhand,thekidscouldn’tcontroltheirjoy,whoselaughterbecamequiteinfectious.Thewaitingroomwasfilledwithhappinessandwewereabletolocateashelterthatwouldtakethefamilyin.Astheywereleaving,themotherhuggedeachofusandwhispered,“You’reourangelsandit’syourlovethatwarmsusup!”【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节当天作为指导护士在医院值班，有五个人来院看病，作者去问诊但这一家子人描述病状很不清楚，后来作者明白他们是无家可归来这里度过圣诞节，医院的值班护士们为他们准备礼物的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“然后，这位母亲转过身来，带着微笑，让她的孩子们在候诊室安顿下来。”可知，第一段可描写作者通过观察明白了这家人的困难。②由第二段首句内容“护士们抱怨圣诞节要上班，转而对无家可归的家庭表示同情。”可知，第二段可描写医院的护士为他们准备礼物，这家人非常感激。2.续写线索：问诊——起疑——顿悟——同情——惊喜——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①说：exclaim/speak/say/tell②控制：control/command/getcommandof情绪类①悲伤：sorrow/grief②可怜的：wretched/poor/pitiful点睛】[高分句型1].Thoughwarm,theroomwasfarfromcomfortableforchildren,whonestledcloselybytheChristmastree.(运用了状语从句的省略，who引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2].Theyoungestkidwasstaringatgiftsunderthetree,exclaimingsomethingtohermother.(运用了现在分词作状语)