上海市金山中学2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

金山中学2021学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科期末考试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：150分I.ListeningComprehension（25分）SectionA（10分）Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.8:20.B.8:40.C.9:00.D.9:20.2.A.Inadepartmentstore.B.Atapolicestation.C.InaLostandFoundoffice.D.Inatheater.3.A.Doctorandpatient.B.Librarianandreader.C.Actorandactress.D.Waitressandcustomer.4.A.Buscompanieskeeplosingprofits.BThebusesareoldanduncomfortable.C.Therearenotmanybusroutestochoosefrom.D.Passengersprefermoreconvenientalternatives.5.A.Shewillconsiderbuyingaflat.B.Theflatistooexpensiveforher.C.Sheshouldearnmoremoneyfirst.D.Themanispokingfunatherearningability.6.A.Thejobofferisimportanttotheson.B.Thesonwillhaveanotherinterviewsoon.C.Themotherisencouragingthesontoforgetthefailure.D.Themotherisdisappointedwiththeresultoftheinterview.7.A.Becausehewantedtofindaroommate.B.Becausehewantedtofindanewschool. C.Becausehewantedtofindabusinesspartner.D.Becausehewantedtofindnewaccommodation.8.A.Itistoohotoutside.B.ItisagoodideatospendtimeonTV.C.Shedoesn’tlikedoingexerciseoutside.D.Sheenjoysthelazydaysofsummervacation.9A.Becauseitischeaperthanatraditionalcar.B.Becausehecanspendlessmoneyintotal.C.Becauseitisbetterthanatraditionalcar.D.Becauseitdoesn’tneedalicenseplate.10.A.Shereadonlypartsofthebook.B.Shehasnointerestinreadingnovels.C.Sheseldomreadsbooksfromcovertocover.D.Shecouldn’tunderstandthebooksowellasanovel.SectionB（15分）Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Theimpactofpainfulmemories.B.Awayofwipingoutpainfulmemories.C.Apropermethodforchangingmemories.D.Newresearchonapillandtheargumentaboutit.12.A.Itcancausethebraintofixmemories.B.Itcanstoppeoplerememberingbadexperiences.C.Itcanwipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories.D.Itcanpreventthebodyproducingcertainchemicals. 13.A.Expertsarenotsureabouttheeffectsofthepills.B.Takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’sphysicalhealth.C.Thepillwillcertainlystoppeople’semotionalmemories.D.ThepillhasalreadybeenproducedandusedbytheAmericanpublic.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Thefarmhassomerareanimalspecies.B.Thestaffareallwearingclothesofanoldstyle.C.Thefarmoffersvisitorstheexperienceofarurallife.D.ThefarmresemblestheBritishcountrysideinthelastcentury.15.A.Wearingleathershoes.B.Stayingawayfromtools.C.Bringingguidedogstothefarm.D.Bringingveryyoungkidstothefarm.16.A.Thelocationofthefarm.B.Thetouringrouteofthefarm.C.Safetytipsforvisitingthefarm.D.Anintroductiontoanimalspeciesonthefarm.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Thebiggeroneonthesecondfloor.B.Thesmalleroneinthebasement.C.Thebiggeroneinthebasement.D.Thesmalleroneonthesecondfloor.18.A.Thewomanhastopay$200.B.Thedepositisnotreturnable.C.Thewomanhastopayincash.D.Thewomanhastopayadepositof$400.19.A.Parking.B.Kitchen.C.Microphone.D.Lockedcabinet.20.A.Entrycharges.B.Cabinetcode.C.Charitysite.D.Arrivaltime.II.GrammarandVocabulary（30分）SectionA（15分）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank. Playthefinancialmarkets:it’snotrocketscienceBackinthe1950s,economistsdevelopedNobelPrize-winningtheoriesforhowbesttoinvestmoneyinfinancialmarkets.And____1____(do)it,theydrewonthetheoryofprobability.TheresultwasModernPortfolioTheory(MPT),____2____showshowtocreateamixofstocks,bondsandotherassets(股票、证券和其他资产)togetthebestpossiblereturnforthe____3____(low)risk.Byfeedinginpastperformancedataforeachasset,theformulasofMPTrevealtherelativeproportionsofeach____4____(need)toachievethisbestperformance.Topulloffthismiracle,MPTinvolvessomefearsomeequationsthatonlyrocketscientistsmight____5____(expect)tosolve.But—likeanyattempttomodelrealitywithmathematics—MPTmakesassumptions,andthebadnewsis____6____they’renotveryrealistic.AwealthofdatanowsuggeststhatMPTsimplycannotcapturetherealcomplexityofmarkets,____7____(make)itsconclusionsnotthattrustworthy.EvenHarryMarkowitz,theUSeconomistwhowontheeconomicsNobelPrizein1990fordevelopingMPT,____8____(admit)heignoredhisowntheoryandsimplysplithisinvestmentsequallybetweenstocksandbonds.Thelessonofthelawsofchancethistimeis:don’tgettooclever.Whenitcomestoinvestment,historysuggestsmostofusmaydobest____9____simplydividingourmoneyamongso-calledindextrackersthatjustfollowentiresectorsofthemarket—andthenforgetaboutthem____10____weretire.Afterall,cautionisthebestpolicy.【答案】1.doing2.which3.lowest4.need5.beexpected6.that7.making8.admitted9.in10.after【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了金融市场具有复杂性，就连火箭科学都无法捕捉，进而得出结论在投资方面，不要太聪明，谨慎是最好的政策。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：做这件事时，他们借鉴了概率论。分析句子结构可知，do 应使用非谓语动词形式，它与句子主语they为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填doing。【2题详解】考查定语从句。句意：其结果就是现代投资组合理论（MPT），它展示了如何创建股票、债券和其他资产的组合，以获得尽可能低的风险和最佳的回报。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句子是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是ModernPortfolioTheory，在非限制定语从句中作主语，指物，用which。故填which。【3题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：其结果就是现代投资组合理论（MPT），它展示了如何创建股票、债券和其他资产的组合，以获得尽可能低的风险和最佳的回报。分析句子结构及句意可知，这里是用形容词最高级lowest修饰名词risk，表示以最低的风险获得最大可能的回报。故填lowest。【4题详解】考查名词。句意：通过输入每项资产过去的绩效数据，MPT的公式揭示了实现最佳绩效所需的每项需求的相对比例。分析句子结构，each后的名词要求使用可数名词单数。故填need。【5题详解】考查动词语态。句意：为了实现这一奇迹，MPT涉及到一些可怕的方程，这些方程可能只有火箭科学家被期望去解决。根据句意可知，这里考查动词短语beexpectedtodo表示“被期待做……”，从句主语rocketscientists与expect之间是被动关系，且用在might情态动词后，所以be动词用动词原形。故填beexpected。【6题详解】考查表语从句。句意：坏消息是这些假设并不太现实。分析句子结构可知，这是一个表语从句，从句不缺成分，用连接词that，不可省略。故填that。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大量数据表明，MPT根本无法捕捉到市场的真正复杂性，因此其结论并不那么可信。分析句子结构可知，make应使用非谓语动词形式作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。故填making。【8题详解】考查动词时态。句意：就连因开发MPT而获得1990年诺贝尔经济学奖的美国经济学家哈里·马科维茨（HarryMarkowitz）也承认，他忽视了自己的理论，只是简单地在股票和债券之间平均分配投资。根据句意可知，这里讲述的是过去的事情，admit 这个动作发生在过去且已经结束，应用一般过去时。故填admitted。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：在投资方面，历史表明，我们大多数人最擅长的可能就是将资金简单地分配给所谓的指数追踪者，这些指数追踪者只跟踪整个市场部门，退休后就把它们忘了。这里考查固定短语dowellin，意为“擅长”，此处用了它的最高级dobestin，意为“最擅长”。故填in【10题详解】考查连词。句意：在投资方面，历史表明，我们大多数人最擅长的可能就是将资金简单地分配给所谓的指数追踪者，这些指数追踪者只跟踪整个市场部门，撤出后就把它们忘了。根据句意可知，这里表示“撤出后”，after意为“在……之后”。故填after。SectionB（15分）Directions:Fillineachblankswithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.alternativesB.behaviouralC.completionD.considerationE.metF.modernizingG.occupiedH.poweringI.schemesJ.specifyK.thoroughCarbonImpactDe-carboningexistinghousingwillrequirehouseholdstostopburningfossilfuelsandwoodtopowerandheattheirhomes.IftheUK’scurrentenergydemandcouldbe____11____byrenewable,carbon-freeenergy,thentherewouldbenoproblem.However,theinfrastructure(基础建设)isnotyetinplacetodosoandwillnotbeby2050.Thesmartsolutionistoreducetheenergydemandofhomes.Thisenergydemandincludestheenergyneededtoheat(orcool)ahomeandthatrequiredforahometorun,suchas____12____appliances.Architectscanhaveabigimpactonenergydemandthroughimprovingtheperformanceofthebuildingenvelopebyincreasinginsulation(绝缘)andairtightness.Wecanalsoworkwithbuildingservicesengineersto____13____renewableenergygeneration(生成)technologyandensurethatbuildingservicesandappliancesarerunningefficiently.Smarttechnologiescanalsohelphouseholdscontrolenergyuse.Gasboilersandcookerswillneedtobereplacedwithelectric____14____suchasheatpumpsandconductionhobs.Somecommunityrenewablegeneration____15____willbe needed.Household____16____changeswillbeusefultooforexamplenothavingwindowsopenwhiletheheatingison.Rebuildinghouseswillnotbeaone-size-fits-allapproach.Strategiesforindividualhomesorbuildingtypeswillberequiredand____17____analysisofahome’sperformanceanditsoccupant’shabitswillbeneeded.ThiswasthefirststepofourR20project,arebuildingof9/10StockOrchardStreetreducingtheenergydemandofthebuilding,20yearsafterits____18____Therebuildingworkstookplacewhilethebuildingwas____19____.Forallexistinghousing,careful____20____willbeneededregardinghealthandsafetyandpeople’swellbeing.Furthermore,householdswillneedtolearnhowtheirrebuilthomeworkstouseitsuccessfully.【答案】11.E12.H13.J14.A15.I16.B17.K18.C19.G20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了目前英国的能源需要不可能通过再生的无碳能源来满足，所以要做的是减少家庭的能源需求来满足对现有住房进行除碳的要求。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：如果英国目前的能源需求可以通过可再生的无碳能源来满足，那么就没有问题了。分许句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，主语theUK’scurrentenergy和谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。meet“满足”为动词，符合语境。而空前有couldbe，所以只需要过去分词。故选E。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种能源需求包括为家庭供暖（或制冷）所需的能源以及家庭运行所需的能源，例如为电器供电。分析句子结构可知，as为介词，后面需要动名词作宾语。power“驱动”，符合语境。故选H。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：我们还可以与建筑服务工程师合作，指定可再生能源发电技术，确保建筑服务和设备高效运行。根据空前的to可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，specify“指定”符合语境。故选J。【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：燃气锅炉和炊具将需要更换为热泵和导热滚刀等电动替代品。根据空前的electric可知，空处需要名词，alternative“可供替代的事物”为名词，符合语境；根据句意可知，此处表示不止一个替代物，所以用复数形式。故选A。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：需要一些社区可再生能源发电计划。分析句子结构可知，空处需要名词作句子的主语。scheme“方案”为名词，符合语境。根据句意可知，需要的不止一个计划，所以用复数形式。故选I。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：家庭行为的改变也会很有用，例如在供暖时不要打开窗户。根据空后的changes可知，空处需要形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词。behavioural“行为的”为形容词，符合语境。故选B。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：将需要针对单个房屋或建筑类型的策略，并需要对房屋的性能及其居住者的习惯进行彻底的分析。分析句子结构可知，空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词analysis，thorough“详细的”为形容词，符合语境。故选K。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：这是我们R20项目的第一步，重建了9/10StockOrchardStreet，减少了建筑的能源需求，这是该项目建成20年后的第一步。根据its可知，空处需要名词作after的宾语。completion“完成”为名词，符合语境。故选C。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：重建工作是在大楼被占用时进行的。分析句子结构可知，空处为while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，和主语之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。occupy“占用”为动词，符合语境。空前有was，所以用过去分词。故选G。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：对于所有现有住房，需要仔细考虑健康和安全以及人民福祉。分析句子结构可知，空处需要名词作句子的主语。consideration“考虑”为名词，符合语境。故选D。III.ReadingComprehension（45分）SectionA（15分）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthe context.In1968,WalterMischelsetachallengeforagroupofchildrenagedthreetofiveatthenurseryschoolhisdaughtersattendedinCalifornia.Aresearcherofferedeachofthemamarshmallow(棉花糖)andthenleftthemaloneintheroom.Iftheycouldresist____21____thecolorfulsweetuntilresearcherreturnedupto15minuteslater,theywouldbegivenasecondsweet.Somechildrenatethemarshmallowstraightaway,butmostwouldengageinunintentionallycomicattemptstoresisttemptation.Theypulledfunnyfaces,playedwiththeirhair,pickedupthemarshmallowandjust____22____totakeabite.Iftwochildrenweredoingtheexperimenttogether,theyengagedinaconversationabouthowtheycouldworktogethertoreachthegoalof____23____theirpleasure.WhatMischel,aclinicalpsychologist,wantedwastounderstandhowchildrenlearnedto____24____temptation.Overthefollowingyears,thegroupofchildrenremainedfriends.WhenMischelchattedtohisdaughtersabouttheirformerclassmates,hebegantonoticeaninteresting____25____:thechildrenwhohadexhibitedthemostself-controlinthe‘marshmallowtest’weredoingbetterinlifethantheirpeers.Hedecidedtoinvestigatefurther.Formorethan40years,Mischelfollowedthelivesofthenurserystudents.Hisfindingswereextraordinary.Itturnsoutthatbeingabletoresistatreatattheageoffiveisastrong____26____ofsuccessinlife:youaremorelikelytoperformwellatschoolanddevelopself-confidenceandlesslikelytobeoverweightordevelopaddictions.MischelstillteachespsychologyatColumbiaUniversityandhasjustwrittenTheMarshmallowTest,abooksumminguphalfacenturyofresearch.Theconclusionhedrawsfromhismarshmallowresearchis____27____:somepeoplemaybe____28____disciplinedbuttheabilitytoresisttemptationisaskillthatcanalsobetaught.Teachchildrenself-controlearlyandyoucanimprovetheir____29____.However,nosingle____30____—suchasself-control—canexplainsuccessorfailure.SomecriticshavepointedoutthatMischel’soriginalsubjectswerethemselveschildrenofuniversityprofessorsandgraduatestudents—notexactlyarepresentativesample.Otherscientistsnotedthat____31____inhomeenvironmentcouldaccountfordifferences:stablehomesandone-childfamiliesencourageself-control,whileinlessstablehomesandthosewithmanychildren,ifyoudon’t____32____amarshmallownowtherewon’tbeanyleftin15minutes.Mischelanswersthesecriticsbynotingthatstudiesinawidevarietyofschoolsfound____33____results.Heacknowledgesthat theenvironment____34____ourabilitytoresisttemptationandobservesthatgeneticsplaysaroletoo.Buthestillbelievesthattheabilitytoresisttemptationcanbe____35____andencouraged.21.A.watchingB.buyingC.hidingD.eating22.A.askedB.pretendedC.promisedD.agreed23.A.doublingB.sharingC.seekingD.concealing24.A.taketoB.dealwithC.lookforD.makeup25.A.alternativeB.conditionC.patternD.requirement26.A.elementB.degreeC.rewardD.predictor27.A.disappointingB.alarmingC.positiveD.stable28.A.individuallyB.collectivelyC.thoroughlyD.naturally29.A.prospectsB.techniquesC.benefitsD.resources30.A.opportunityB.characteristicC.temptationD.qualification31.A.variationB.interestC.mobilityD.distribution32.A.makeB.grabC.likeD.leave33.A.similarB.practicalC.conflictingD.virtual34.A.strengthensB.revealsC.shapesD.restricts35.A.foundB.presentedC.learntD.defined【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.B26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.A32.B33.A34.C35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍临床心理学家WalterMischel的“棉花糖测验”，其主要测试人的自控力。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们能在研究人员15分钟后回来之前抵制食用这种五颜六色的甜食，他们将得到第二种甜食。A.watching看；B.buying买；C.hiding隐藏；D.eating吃。根据后文“Somechildrenatethemarshmallowstraightaway,butmostwouldengageinunintentionallycomicattemptstoresisttemptation. ”可知，一些孩子直接把棉花糖吃了。由此可知，这份挑战是测试孩子们能不能抵制食用棉花糖。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们扮鬼脸，摆弄头发，捡起棉花糖，假装咬了一口。A.asked问；B.pretended假装；C.promised承诺；D.agreed同意。根据上文“butmostwouldengageinunintentionallycomicattemptstoresisttemptation”可知，这些孩子会无意中做出滑稽的尝试来抵制吃棉花糖的诱惑，可得出他们只是假装吃棉花糖。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果两个孩子在一起做实验，他们会进行对话，讨论如何一起合作以实现快乐加倍的目标。A.doubling加倍；B.sharing分享；C.seeking寻找；D.concealing隐藏。根据上文的“如果孩子们能在研究人员15分钟后回来之前抵制食用这种五颜六色的甜食，他们将得到第二种甜食”内容和上文的“theyengagedinaconversationabouthowtheycouldworktogethertoreachthegoalof3theirpleasure”可推知，孩子们在一起谈论，讨论让自己快乐加倍如何抵制吃棉花糖的诱惑。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：临床心理学家Mischel想了解儿童是如何学会应对诱惑的。A.taketo喜欢；B.dealwith处理；C.lookfor寻找；D.makeup构成。根据上文“Iftheycouldresist2thecolorfulsweetuntilresearcherreturnedupto15minuteslater,theywouldbegivenasecondsweet.”可推知，Mischel想要了解孩子们抵御诱惑的能力。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Mischel和女儿们聊起以前的同学时，他开始注意到一个有趣的情况：在“棉花糖测试”中表现出最有自控能力的孩子们在生活中比同龄人做得更好。A.alternative可供选择的事物；B.condition情况；C.pattern模式；D.requirement要求。根据后文“thechildrenwhohadexhibitedthemostself-controlinthe‘marshmallowtest’weredoingbetterinlifethantheirpeers”可知，“最有自控能力的孩子们在生活中比同龄人做得更好”是一种“情况”。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，在五岁的时候能够抵制款待是生活中成功的一个重要因素：你更有可能在学校表现出色并建立自信，而不太可能超重或上瘾。A.element要素；B.degree级别；C.reward奖励；D.predictor预言者。根据后文“youaremorelikelytoperformwellatschoolanddevelopself-confidenceandlesslikelytobeoverweightordevelopaddictions ”可知，在五岁的时候能够抵制款待是生活中成功的一个重要因素。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他从棉花糖研究中得出的结论是积极的：有些人可能天生有纪律，但抵抗诱惑的能力也是一种可以传授的技能。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.alarming使人害怕的；C.positive积极的；D.stable稳定的。根据后文“somepeoplemaybe8disciplinedbuttheabilitytoresisttemptationisaskillthatcanalsobetaught”可知，这是一种比较好的结论，故“积极的”符合语境。故选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.individually各自地；B.collectively全体地；C.thoroughly彻底地；D.naturally天生地。根据后文“buttheabilitytoresisttemptationisaskillthatcanalsobetaught”可推知，有人的自控力或许是天生的，但是自控力是可以在后天习得的。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽早教孩子自控，你就能提高他们的技巧。A.prospects前景；B.techniques技巧；C.benefits益处；D.resources资源。根据上文“buttheabilitytoresisttemptationisaskillthatcanalsobetaught”可知，自控力是一种可以在后天习得的技巧。“skill”和“techniques”相呼应。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有一个单一的条件——比如自我控制——可以解释成功或失败。A.opportunity机会；B.characteristic特色；C.temptation诱惑；D.qualification条件。根据本处语境“However,nosingle10—suchasself-controlcanexplainsuccessorfailure.”可知，成功的因素并不是单一的条件。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他科学家指出，家庭环境的差异可能是造成差异的原因：稳定的家庭和独生子女家庭鼓励自我控制，而在不稳定的家庭和有很多孩子的家庭，如果你现在不吃棉花糖，15分钟内就不会剩下棉花糖了。A.variation差异；B.interest兴趣；C.mobility流动性；D.distribution分布。根据后文“stablehomesandone-childfamiliesencourageself-control,whileinlessstablehomesandthosewithmanychildren”可知，不同家庭的孩子表现出不同的自控力，所以家庭环境的差异可能是造成差异的原因。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.make制作；B.grab吃；C.like喜欢；D.leave 离开。根据后文“won’tbeanyleftin15minutes”可推知，如果现在不吃棉花糖，15分钟以内棉花糖就会被其他兄弟姐妹吃完，grab后接食物，意为“吃”。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mischel回答这些批评时指出，在各种学校进行的研究都发现了类似的结果。A.similar相似的；B.practical实际的；C.conflicting相矛盾的；D.virtual虚拟的。根据上文“SomecriticshavepointedoutthatMischel’soriginalsubjectswerethemselveschildrenofuniversityprofessorsandgraduatestudents—notexactlyarepresentativesample.”可知，那些评论家质疑Mischel的测试对象比较局限，并不一定具有代表性。由此可推断，Mischel在回应质疑时表示在其他学校的实验也得到了类似的结论。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他承认环境塑造了我们抵抗诱惑的能力，并观察到遗传也起到了作用。A.strengthens加强；B.reveals揭示；C.shapes塑造；D.restricts限制。根据上文“stablehomesandone-childfamiliesencourageself-control,whileinlessstablehomesandthosewithmanychildren”可知，家庭环境对一个人的自控力是有影响的，由此可知，环境在一方面也“塑造”了我们的自控力。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他仍然相信，抵制诱惑的能力是可以学习和鼓励的。A.found发现；B.presented展示；C.learnt学习；D.defined阐明。根据上文“buttheabilitytoresisttemptationisaskillthatcanalsobetaught”可知，Mischel仍然坚持抵抗诱惑的能力是可以“学习”的。故选C。SectionB（22分）Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）ChrisMoon,39,runsacompanyhesetuptohelppeoplesolveproblemsinhumanresourcesandsecuritymanagement.HehascalleditMakingTheBest(MTB).Hisownphilosophyisallaboutmakingthebestofanysituation,howeverbaditmayseem.Afterstudyingagriculture,hedecidedthatthefarmer’slifewasnotforhimandtookayearoutto workasavolunteeratacenterforthehomeless.Duringthistime,hedecidedtochangedirection.“Iaskedmyselfthequestion,whatislifeallabout?Idecideditwasaboutdoingthebestwecan,reachingourfullpotentialandmakinguseofourtalents,soIdecidedtojointhearmy.”Afterleavingthearmy,heheardthattheBritishCharity,theHALOTrust—whichspecializesinmine(地雷)clearance—wantedanarmyofficerwithagriculturalandcommandexperience,hewaskeentogetinvolved.Twoyearslater,hewasblownupbyamine,whilewalkinginasupposedlyclearareainMozambique.Helosthislowerrightarmandleg,butdoesnotconsiderhimselfavictim.Heacceptsresponsibilitybecausehechosetoworkinminedareas.Hisbigbreakcouldbesaidtohavecomeshortlyafterhelefthospital,whenhewastalkingtoanoldfriendwhosuggestedhelookontheaccidentasanopportunitytodosomethingthatwouldhelphimgrowasaperson.Recognizingthevalueofeducationandfeelingthathehadn’tbeenabletodohisbestatschool,hedecidedtodoamaster’sdegreeinsecuritymanagementattheUniversityofLeicester.Aftercompletingthedegree,hehadplentyofjoboffersbutfelthewantedtokeepthefocusoncharitywork.Hesayshismainaimistotryandmotivatepeople,althoughhepreferstobecalledaperformanceenhancerratherthanamotivationalspeaker.“Thereisnogreaterthingthanempoweringsomeonetodosomethingtheythoughttheycouldn’t,”hesays.36.WhydidChrisMoongiveupagricultureashiscareer?AHethoughtagriculturewasoutoffashion.B.Hebecamehomelesswhilestudyingagriculture.C.Herealizedthathedidn’twanttobecomeafarmer.D.Hecouldn’tworkasavolunteerwhilebeingafarmer.37.HowdidChrisrespondtotheaccidentthatcosthimhislowerrightarmandleg?A.Heaccepteditinpeace.B.Heblameditonhisbadluck.C.Hethoughthimselfasavictimofwar.D.HeregrettedworkingfortheHALOTrust.38.WhydidChrisdecidetodoamaster’sdegree?A.Ithadlongbeenhisdream. B.Hewantedtoimprovehimself.C.Hisfriendsuggestedhefurtherhisstudies.D.TheUniversityofLeicestergavehimanoffer.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Amanwhocanmakethebestofhimself.B.Amanwhocanidentifypotentiallybadsituations.C.Amanwhodevoteshimselftohelpingwarsurvivors.D.Amanwhoaregoodatsolvingunexpectedproblems.【答案】36.C37.A38.B39.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述Chris不管在何种情况下，都尽力发挥自己的作用，努力成为最好的自己的故事。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,hedecidedthatthefarmer’slifewasnotforhimandtookayearouttoworkasavolunteeratacenterforthehomeless.”（在学习了农业之后，他明白农民的生活不适合他，于是花了一年时间在一个无家可归者中心做志愿者）可知，他认为自己不适合当农民才放弃农业的。故选C。37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Helosthislowerrightarmandleg,butdoesnotconsiderhimselfavictim.”（他失去了右臂和右腿，但并不认为自己是受害者）可知，Chris能够接受这个事故给他带来的伤害。故选A。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Recognizingthevalueofeducationandfeelingthathehadn’tbeenabletodohisbestatschool,hedecidedtodoamaster’sdegreeinsecuritymanagementattheUniversityofLeicester.”（他认识到教育的价值，并觉得自己在学校没有做到最好，于是决定在莱斯特大学攻读安全管理硕士学位）可知，他认为自己没有做到最好，想通过继续学习来提升自己。故选B。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据第一段“Hisownphilosophyisallaboutmakingthebestofanysituation,howeverbaditmayseem. ”（他的生活信条是充分利用任何情况，无论情况看起来多么糟糕）以及上一题的解析可知，Chris遵循着自己的生活信条，尽最大的努力去提升自己，做最好的自己。故选A。（B）ThetemperatureoftheSunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.TheSunissomuchhotterthantheEarththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.InthecoreoftheSun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenteroftheSuncanneverbedirectlyobserved.SolarastronomersdoknowthattheSunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.StartingattheoutsideandgoingdownintotheSun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzone,andfinallythecore.ThefirstthreezonesaretheregardedastheSun’satmosphere.ButsincetheSunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyoftheSunbegins.TheSun’soutermostlayerbeginsabout10,000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandcanbeseenduringaneclipse(日食)suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Othertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareoftheSun’srays.Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylightasbrightasthefullMoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona’sraysflashoutinabrilliantfan.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun’sequator(赤道).Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets.BythetimetheSun’scoronaraysreachtheEarth,theyareweakandinvisible.40.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.HowtheSunevolved.B.ThestructureoftheSun.C.WhyscientistsstudytheSun.D.ThedistanceoftheSunfromtheplanets.41.AllofthefollowingarepartsoftheSun’satmosphereEXCEPTthe______.A.coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.core42.WhereinthepassagedoestheauthorcomparethelightoftheSun’soutermostlayertothatof anotherastronomicalbody?A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.【答案】40.B41.D42.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了太阳上的温度及它的结构是如何的。【40题详解】主旨大意题。第二段首句“SolarastronomersdoknowthattheSunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.(太阳天文学家确实知道太阳是五层结构)”为本段主旨句，接下来的内容“StartingattheoutsideandgoingdownintotheSun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzone,andfinallythecore.ThefirstthreezonesaretheregardedastheSun’satmosphere.ButsincetheSunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyoftheSunbegins.(从外部开始，向下进入太阳，这些区域是日冕、色球层、光球层、对流区，最后是核心区域。前三个区域被认为是太阳的大气层。但是由于太阳没有固体表面，很难判断大气从哪里结束，太阳的主体从哪里开始)”可知，本段分析了太阳的结构，因此推断第二段主要讲述了太阳的结构。故选B项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“StartingattheoutsideandgoingdownintotheSun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzone,andfinallythecore.ThefirstthreezonesaretheregardedastheSun’satmosphere.(从外部开始，向下进入太阳，这些区域是日冕、色球层、光球层、对流区，最后是核心区域。前三个区域被认为是太阳的大气层)”可知，从外部到内部，依次分为日冕，色球层，光球层，对流区，最后是核心区。前三个区域被认为是太阳大气层的终结，太阳主体的开始。由此可知，“核心区”不是太阳大气层的一部分。故选D项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylightasbrightasthefullMoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona’sraysflashoutinabrilliantfan.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun’sequator(赤道).(日冕是一种明亮的，珍珠白色的细光，像满月一样明亮。它美丽的光线是日食期间的壮观景象。日冕的光线在一个明亮的风扇中闪烁。日冕在太阳的赤道处最厚)”可知，在第四段，作者将太阳最外层的光与另一个天体月亮的光进行了比较。故选D项。 (C)Buyingorganicfoodmaynotalwaysbebetterfortheplanetorforhumanhealththancheaperoptionsgrownwithartificialpesticides,accordingtoresearchers.Theretendtobemorebirdsandbeesonorganicfarmsbutthebenefitsmaybecancelledoutbecausetheyproduceanaverageof19to25percentlessfoodperacrethantraditionalfarms.Thismeansthatmorelandisneededtoproducethesameamountoffood-andlandbeingchangedforagricultureisoneofthegreatestthreatstowildlife,researchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbiasaid.Organicfarmsendedtouselessenergyandproduceloweremissions,but“whenlowerorganicyields(产量)aretakenintoaccount,greenhousegasemissionsmightactuallybehigherunderorganicmanagement.”Theauthorsofthestudy,publishedinScienceAdvances,said:“Wedon’tknowwhetherorganicagricultureprovidesanybenefitsforbiodiversityiflowerorganicyieldsaretakenintoaccount.”Organicfarmstendtocauselessnitrogenandphosphoruspollutionofwatersystems,buttheloweryieldscouldmeanthatnitrogenlossperunitoffoodproducedishigherthanonconventionalfarms.TheauthorsarguedthatincountriessuchasCanada,wherepesticideregulationsarestrictanddietsarerichinmicronutrients,thehealthbenefitsofchoosingorganicmightbemarginal.Theysaidorganicallygrownfoodprobablycontainedslightlymoremicronutrientsbutitwasnotclearwhetherthisprovided“anyactualhealthbenefitstoconsumers”.Theteamanalyzedorganiccropfarmingacross17criteriaincludingyield,impactonclimatechange,farmerlivelihoodandconsumerhealth.“Organicisoftenproposedasagoodsolutiontocurrentenvironmentalandfoodscarcityproblems,butwefoundthatthecostsandbenefitswillvaryheavilydependingonthecontext,”VerenaSeufert,oneoftheauthors,said.Theyconcludedthatorganicfarmingisnottheonlysolutiontoprovidingasustainablesourceoffoodforanever-growingglobalpopulation,butdoeshaveanimportantroletoplay.“Weneedtostopthinkingoforganicandconventionalagricultureastwoendsofthespectrum.Instead,consumersshoulddemandbetterpracticesforbothsothatwecanachievetheworld’sfoodneedsinasustainableway,”MsSeufertsaid.Thestudy,whichinvolvedareviewofthescientificliteratureontheenvironmentaland economicperformanceoforganicfarms,alsofoundthattheywerehighlydependentonanimalmanure(排泄物)fromconventionalfarmsandadded:“Itisnotclearwhetherwewouldhaveenoughorganicfertilizerstofeedeveryoneintheworldwithorganicfood.”Organicfoodismoreexpensiveand“thereforelessaccessibletoconsumerswithlowincome,”theysaid.43.Whatdoesthestudyfindaboutorganicfarms?A.Theyarelessthanefficient.B.Theysupportmorewildlife.C.Theyproducemoreemissions.D.Theyareagreatdrainonenergy.44.Theword“marginal”(inparagraph6)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.irregularB.unlimitedC.irrelevantD.unimportant45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutorganicagriculture?A.Itsrolehaslongbeenneglectedbyfarmers.B.ItismorepopularinCanadathaninothercountries.C.Itisregardedastheoppositeofconventionalagriculture.D.Itsevolutionwillhelpmeetthegrowingglobalpopulation.46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Organicfood:advantagesanddisadvantagesB.OrganicfoodisarisktotheplanetC.OrganicfoodisdrawingattentionD.Organicfood:solutiontofoodshortage【答案】43.A44.D45.C46.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有机食品的优点以及其缺点。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theretendtobemorebirdsandbeesonorganicfarmsbutthebenefitsmaybecancelledoutbecausetheyproduceanaverageof19to25percentlessfoodperacrethantraditionalfarms.Thismeansthatmorelandisneededtoproducethesameamountoffood( 有机农场往往有更多的鸟类和蜜蜂，但这些好处可能会被抵消，因为它们每英亩的粮食产量平均比传统农场低19%至25%。英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员说，这意味着需要更多的土地来生产等量的食物)”可知，研究发现有机农场们效率不高。故选A。【44题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后句“Theysaidorganicallygrownfoodprobablycontainedslightlymoremicronutrientsbutitwasnotclearwhetherthisprovided“anyactualhealthbenefitstoconsumers”.(他们表示，有机食品可能含有更少量的微量元素，但尚不清楚这是否“对消费者的健康有任何实际好处”。)”可知，选择有机食品对健康的好处可能微乎其微的。所以marginal为“微小的，不重要的”之意。故选D。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第八段““Weneedtostopthinkingoforganicandconventionalagricultureastwoendsofthespectrum.Instead,consumersshoulddemandbetterpracticesforbothsothatwecanachievetheworld’sfoodneedsinasustainableway,”MsSeufertsaid.(“我们不能再把有机农业和传统农业看作是两个极端。相反，消费者应该要求两者都采取更好的做法，这样我们才能以可持续的方式满足世界粮食需求。”Seufert女士说)”可推断，有机农业被认为是传统农业的对立面。故选C。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Buyingorganicfoodmaynotalwaysbebetterfortheplanetorforhumanhealththancheaperoptionsgrownwithartificialpesticides,accordingtoresearchers.(研究人员称，购买有机食品可能并不总是比使用人工杀虫剂种植的廉价食品对地球或人类健康更好)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍有机食品的优点以及其缺点。所以“Organicfood:advantagesanddisadvantages(有机食品：优点和缺点)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。SectionC(8分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.IntheDeathZoneofMountEverestMountainclimberscallthepartofamountainover7,000meterstheDeathZone.Thehumanbodycan’tliveforverylongatthisheight,becausetheairistoothinandthereisn’tenoughoxygen.MountEverest,theworld’shighestmountain,is8,848metershigh.Whathappenstothebodiesof peoplewhoclimbit?Theirlungshavetoworkveryhard.Normally,peoplebreatheabout20timeseveryminutewhentheyareresting.OntopofEverest,climbersmustbreathe70to80timesaminutetogetenoughoxygen.____47____Otherpartsofthebodyworkveryslowly,tosaveenergy.Forexample,thestomachstopsdigestingfood.____48____Theyhaveinsomnia(失眠),sotheyalwaysfeeltired.Theygetverybadheadaches.Thesunburnstheirskinthroughthethinair,andthebrightlightfromthesnowhurtstheireyes.Becausetheyhavenausea(恶心)andindigestion,theydon’twanttoeat,andthatmakesthemweaker.Inthedryair,theyfeelthirstyallthetime.ClimbingonEverestalsoaffectsthebrain.____49____Scientistshavetestedthisbyspeakingtoclimberswithradios.Theyaskquestionslike,“IfJohnistallerthanTom,whoisshorter?”Thisisprobablyveryeasyforyoutoanswer.ButatthetopofEverest,climbershavetothinkalongtimetofindtheanswer,andtheyoftenmakemistakes.Becausetheclimberscan’tthinkwell,theysometimesmakebaddecisionsandgetintoaccidents.Evenwithallthesedifficulties,morethan2,500peoplehavereachedthetopofMountEverest.____50____Now,almostallclimbersbreathefromoxygentanks.Theyuseradiostocommunicatewithpeopleatthebottom,sotheycangetadviceifthey’renotthinkingclearly.Therearemedicinestohelpthemwithheadachesandlungproblems.A.ButMountEverestisstilloneofthemostdifficultanddangerousenvironmentsonEarth.B.Astheygetclosertothetopofthemountain,climbersfeelworseandworse.C.Yourbrainthinksveryslowly,becauseitdoesn’thaveenoughoxygen.D.Scientistshavefoundwaystosolvesomeoftheirproblems.E.OnlythestrongestbodiescansurviveupthereintheDeathZone.F.Theheartmustbeatfastertomovethebloodthroughthebody.【答案】47.F48.B49.C50.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。登山者把海拔7000米以上的部分称为“死亡地带”，文章介绍了登山者在珠峰顶端会遇到的问题以及现有的解决方法。【47题详解】根据前文“OntopofEverest,climbersmustbreathe70to80timesaminutetogetenoughoxygen. (在珠峰顶端，登山者每分钟必须呼吸70到80次才能获得足够的氧气)”和后文“Otherpartsofthebodyworkveryslowly,tosaveenergy.(为了节省能量，身体的其他部位工作得非常缓慢)”可知，此处是讲在珠峰顶端工作时，要比正常情况下运转快速的器官，所以选项F“心脏必须跳动得更快才能使血液在全身流动。”切合文意。故选F。【48题详解】根据后文“Theyhaveinsomnia(失眠),sotheyalwaysfeeltired.Theygetverybadheadaches.Thesunburnstheirskinthroughthethinair,andthebrightlightfromthesnowhurtstheireyes.(他们失眠，所以他们总是感到疲倦。他们头痛得很厉害。太阳透过稀薄的空气灼伤了他们的皮肤，从雪里发出的亮光刺痛了他们的眼睛)”可知，此处是讲登山者在海拔高处的不适症状，所以选项B“越接近山顶，攀登者的感觉就越差。”切合文意。故选B。【49题详解】根据后文“ButatthetopofEverest,climbershavetothinkalongtimetofindtheanswer,andtheyoftenmakemistakes.(但是在珠穆朗玛峰的顶端，登山者要想很长时间才能找到答案，他们经常会犯错误)”可知，此处是讲在海拔高处登山者的大脑思考会很慢，所以选项C“你的大脑思考得很慢，因为它没有足够的氧气。”切合文意。故选C。【50题详解】根据后文“Now,almostallclimbersbreathefromoxygentanks.Theyuseradiostocommunicatewithpeopleatthebottom,sotheycangetadviceifthey’renotthinkingclearly.Therearemedicinestohelpthemwithheadachesandlungproblems.(现在，几乎所有的登山者都靠氧气瓶呼吸。他们用无线电与山底的人沟通，这样他们在思考不清楚的时候就能得到建议。有一些药物可以帮助他们治疗头痛和肺部问题)”可知，此处是讲决登山者在海拔高处遇到困难时的，可以采取的一些措施，所以选项D“科学家们已经找到了解决他们一些问题的方法。”切合文意。故选D。IV.Summary（10分）51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.InterviewTipsFirstimpressionsareoftenlastingones.Studiesshowthatpeopleformimpressionsaboutuswithinthefirstfewminutesofmeeting.AsSimonGrant,hotelmanager,says:‘Intervieweeswholookasiftheycareaboutthemselves aremorelikelytocareabouttheirjobs.Peoplethinkit’swhat’sinsidethatcounts,butinaninterviewyoushouldaimtocomeacrossinthebestpossibleway.’Yetmanypeopleignoretheimportanceofhavingaprofessionalimage.Forexample,JanetGoodwoodworkedfortenyearsasanimaginativeassistantinalargeaccountingfirm.Whentheofficemanagerretired,sheappliedforthepositionbutwasn’tevengivenaninterview.‘IthoughtitwasamistakesoIaskedtheDirectorofPersonnelwhathadhappened,’shesays.‘HetoldmeIdidn’tfittheimageofanofficemanager.HesuggestedIimprovemywardrobebeforeIappliedagainforpromotion.’Movementandgestureswillalsoinfluenceaninterviewer’sfirstimpressionofacandidate.PsychologistAlbertMehrabianhasdiscoveredthat7%ofanymessageaboutourfeelingsandattitudescomesfromthewordsweuse,38%fromourvoiceandasurprising55%fromourfacialexpressions.Whenourfacialexpressionsandourwordssenddifferentmessagesthelistenerwillputmoreweightonthenon-verbalmessage.Somakesureyourwordsagreewithyourbodylanguage.Mixedmessageswillonlyconfusetheinterviewer.Finally,aconsiderationofwhatwesayandhowwesayitwillcontributetothesuccessofaninterview.DavidArtesio,themanagerofanemploymentagency,suggeststhatit’sagoodideatoinformyourselfaboutthecompanybeforeyougoforaninterview.‘Theannualreport,forexample,willtellyouaboutareasofcompanyinvolvement.Mentionanareathatinterestsyouduringtheinterview.Thiswillgiveapositivenoteandconvinceothersofyourinterestinthecompany.’___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Tohaveasuccessfulinterview,oneshouldbeawareofshowingpositivefirstimpressions.Firstly,itissuggestedthatyoushouldpresentyourprofessionalimagebywearingproperclothes.Secondly,yourbodylanguagecarriesweightsothatmakesurewhatyousayshouldbeinlinewithgesturesandmovements.Finally,consideringthewordsyousayandthewaytoexpressthemishelpful.【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍一些面试的技巧来帮助面试者们有个成功的面试。文章说明第一印象在面试当中很重要，因此面试者们应该要注意着装的专业性、言行的一致性以及表达的得体性，这样才能增加面试成功的几率。【详解】1.要点摘录①Firstimpressionsareoftenlastingones.Peoplethinkit’swhat’sinsidethatcounts,butinaninterviewyoushouldaimtocomeacrossinthebestpossibleway.②Yetmanypeopleignoretheimportanceofhavingaprofessionalimage.③Movementandgestureswillalsoinfluenceaninterviewer’sfirstimpressionofacandidate.④Finally,aconsiderationofwhatwesayandhowwesayitwillcontributetothesuccessofaninterview.2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Firstly,itissuggestedthatyoushouldpresentyourprofessionalimagebywearingproperclothes.Secondly,yourbodylanguagecarriesweightsothatmakesurewhatyousayshouldbeinlinewithgesturesandmovements.【点睛】[高分句型1]：Firstly,itissuggestedthatyoushouldpresentyourprofessionalimagebywearingproperclothes.运用了形式主语it，that引导的主语从句对原文的第三段进行了概括，表达高级。[高分句型2]：Secondly,yourbodylanguagecarriesweightsothatmakesurewhatyousayshouldbeinlinewithgesturesandmovements.运用了sothat引导的结果状语从句以及what引导的主语从句对原文第四段进行了概括，表达高级。V.Translation（3+3+4+5，共15分）Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.为增进外国友人对中国书法的了解，他将书法与历史故事结合起来教授。（combine)(汉译英）【答案】Inordertoenhanceforeignfriends’understandingofChinesecalligraphy,hecombinedcalligraphywithhistoricalstoriesinhisteaching.【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。inorderto为了，引导目的状语；enhancetheunderstandingof增强对……的理解；combine...with...把……与……结合；陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Inordertoenhanceforeignfriends’understandingofChinesecalligraphy,hecombinedcalligraphywithhistoricalstoriesinhisteaching.53.不仅是成年人，无辜的儿童也经常暴露于可能导致各种健康问题的二手烟中。（expose）（汉译英）【答案】Notonlyadultsbutalsoinnocentchildrenareoftenexposedtosecondhandsmokethatcancauseavarietyofhealthproblems.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态和从句。根据语境，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“不仅是成年人，无辜的儿童也经常暴露于二手烟中”处理为主句，“不但……而且……”表达为notonly...butalso...，“成年人”表达为adults，“无辜的儿童”表达为innocentchildren，“暴露于”表达为beexposedto，“二手烟”表达为secondhandsmoke；“可能导致各种健康问题的”处理为修饰secondhandsmoke的定语从句，“造成”表达为cause，和情态动词can一起作从句谓语动词，“各种各样的”表达为avarietyof，“健康问题”表达为healthproblems，从句缺少主语，且先行词指物，可用that引导。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Notonlyadultsbutalsoinnocentchildrenareoftenexposedtosecondhandsmokethatcancauseavarietyofhealthproblems.54.当我们在漫步公园，欣赏美景时，应该停下来环顾四周，学会反思被我们当作理所应当的一切。(grant)（汉译英）【答案】Whenwalkingintheparkandenjoyingthebeautifulscenery,weshouldstop,lookaround,andlearntoreflectonallthatwetakeforgranted.【解析】【详解】考查分词、短语和从句。分析可知，“当我们在漫步公园，欣赏美景时”可处理为分词和when构成的时间状语，“在公园散步”表达为walkinthepark，“欣赏美景”表达为enjoythebeautifulscenery，walk和enjoy和逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，应用现在分词；“应该停下来环顾四周，学会反思一切”处理为主句，“环顾四周”表达为lookaround，“学会做某事”表达为learntodosth.，“反思一切”表达为reflectonall，其中“停下”，“环顾”和“学会”是三个并列的谓语动词；“我们认为理所当然的”处理为修饰all的定语从句，“认为……理所当然”表达为take...forgranted，从句缺少主语，先行词all指物，只能用关系代词 that引导。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Whenwalkingintheparkandenjoyingthebeautifulscenery,weshouldstop,lookaround,andlearntoreflectonallthatwetakeforgranted.55.虽然这个问题很复杂，但他克服种种困难，竭尽全力去理清线索，最终找到了问题的症结所在，这让他赢得了同事们的一致认可。（as）（汉译英）【答案】Complicatedastheproblemwas,hefinallyfoundoutthecruxofitafterconqueringthedifficultiesanddoinghisbesttosortouttheclues,whichmadehimwinrecognitionfromallhiscolleagues.【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句、定语从句和短语。表示“复杂”应用形容词complicated；表示“问题”应用名词problem；根据所给单词as可知此处表示“虽然……但……”用连词as，所以此处表示“虽然这个问题很复杂”可以用as引导让步状语从句，并进行倒装，句首字母要大写：Complicatedastheproblemwas，发生在过去，时态为一般过去时；表示“他”应用主格he，充当本句主语；表示“最终”应用副词finally；表示“找到”的短语为findout，结合语意，事情发生在过去，所以应用动词过去式foundout，充当本句谓语；表示“问题的症结所在”的短语为thecruxofit，充当宾语，it指代前面提及的theproblem；表示“克服种种困难”的短语为conquerthedifficulties，表示“竭尽全力做某事”的短语为doone’sbesttodosth.，表示“理清线索”的短语为sortouttheclues，因为“克服种种困难，竭尽全力去理清线索”和“找到了问题的症结所在”是时间先后关系，所以可用介词after连接两部分，介词after后接的动词需用动名词形式，即afterconqueringthedifficultiesanddoinghisbesttosortouttheclues，充当本句时间状语；表示“让他赢得了同事们的一致认可”的英文表达为makehimwinrecognitionfromallhiscolleagues，结合语意，此处时态应用一般过去时，应用made，made前面加上引导词which，充当定语从句的主语，指代前面的主句。故翻译为：Complicatedastheproblemwas,hefinallyfoundoutthecruxofitafterconqueringthedifficultiesanddoinghisbesttosortouttheclues,whichmadehimwinrecognitionfromallhiscolleagues.VI.Guidedwriting(25分)56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.一心多用(multi-tasking)是指同时做好几件事情，比如，一边做作业一边看电视，或者一边上网一边和家人交谈，有人觉得一心多用可以提高工作或学习的效率，也有人觉得这样做效率低下，也会损坏大脑的健康，请就此表达你的看法，要点包含如下： 1.简述该现象；2.结合生活中的例子谈谈你对“一心多用”的看法。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Asisknowntoall,multi-taskingreferstodoingseveralthingsatthesametime,suchaswatchingTVwhiledoinghomework,ortalkingwithfamilywhilesurfingtheInternet.Expertstudieshavefoundthatdoingseveralthingsatthesametimenotonlydoesnotimproveefficiency,butalsobeharmfultoourbrainandmaycausemanydiseases.Takemyselfasanexample,inordertosavetime,Iusedtoreadbookswhilehavingmeals.ContrarytowhatIhope,Ididn’thaveagoodunderstandingofthebooks.Meanwhile,mystomachwouldacheovertime.Asaresult,Idon’tdomulti-taskingfromthenon.【解析】【导语】这是一篇开放作文。要求考生简述“一心多用”的现象，并结合生活中的例子谈谈自己对该现象的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累对……有害：beharmful→doharmto导致：cause→leadto因此：asaresulte→consequently正如人们所知：asisknowtoall→whatisknowntoallisthat...2.句型拓展同义句原句：Asisknowntoall,multi-taskingreferstodoingseveralthingsatthesametime,suchaswatchingTVwhiledoinghomework,ortalkingwithfamilywhilesurfingtheInternet.拓展句：Whatisknowntoallisthatmulti-taskingreferstodoingseveralthingsatthesametime, suchaswatchingTVwhiledoinghomework,ortalkingwithfamilywhilesurfingtheInternet.【点睛】[高分句型1]Asisknowntoall,multi-taskingreferstodoingseveralthingsatthesametime,suchaswatchingTVwhiledoinghomework,ortalkingwithfamilywhilesurfingtheInternet.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2]ContrarytowhatIhope,Ididn’thaveagoodunderstandingofthebooks.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）