陕西省山阳中学2023届高三英语上学期一模试题（Word版附解析）

2023届高三模考英语试卷考生注意：1.本试卷共150分。考试时间120分钟。2.请将试卷答案填在答题卷上。3.本试卷主要考试内容：高中英语综合。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemandecidetodo?A.Gotoworkonfoot.B.Takeasightseeingtrip.C.Startworkearlierthanusual.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedidnotattendtoday’sclass.B.Hisnotesarenoteasytoread.C.Hishandwritingisexcellent.3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthecamera?A.Itmustbemissing.B.Itwasleftintheroom.C.Sheplaceditonthedressingtable.4.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toaskfortheconferencetopic.B.Tomaketheconferenceschedule.C.Toaskfortipsonchoosingabook,5.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandMike?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Classmates.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Quitherjob.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Stoptypingforaperiodoftime.7.Whatistroublingthewoman?A.Shecouldn’tbecured.B.Shedoesn’ttrustthedoctor.C.Shecan’tbalanceworkandrest.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoweknowaboutthismannedflightmission?A.Itisthehardestmission.B.Ittravelsatthefastestspeed.C.Ithasthelongeststayingtime.9.Whatdoastronautsdotopassthetime?A.Playtennis.B.Playinstruments.C.Playcards.10.Whatdothewoman’sfinalwordsmean?A.Womenareasexcellentasmen.B.Womenundertakemorethanmendo.C.Womenarelesssuitableinflightmission.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Whatdidthemanfailtodolasttime?A.Repairthewoman’scomputer.B.Findabuyerforthebike.C.Takeapictureofthewoman.12.Whydoesthewomanwanttosellherbike?A.Sheseldomusesit.B.Sheneedsanewone.C.Itisinpoorcondition.13.Howwillthewomansellthebike?A.Bysellingittoasecond-handstore.B.Byadvertisingitinanewspaper.C.Byputtinganadvertisementonline. 听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.Whatwastheman’sproblem?A.Hefailedtheexam.B.Hemissedhisoldfriends.C.Hehadnopocketmoney.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheclub?A.Ithelpedhimalot.B.Ittookupmuchofhistime.C.Itearnedhimlotsofmoney.16.Whydoesthemansuggestaletterboxoutsidetheclub?A.Tomaketheclubmorepopular.B.Tokeepintouchwiththewoman.C.Toattractmorepeopletovisittheclub.17.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman’steacher.B.Theman’smother.C.Theman’sfriend.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.Whatismentionedasamostcommondangerwhenpeoplegotravellingabroad?A.Theft.B.Aircrashes.C.Cheat.19.Whatisthemostimportantthingtodowhenpeoplepreparefortheirtripabroad?A.Learningthelocalcustoms.B.Havingtherightdocuments.C.Bookingticketswellinadvance.20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeopledowhentheyarriveattheirdestination?A.Contacttheiragent.B.Useofficialtransport.C.Getaliftifpossible.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ATheJamesGeddesLanguageCenterincludestwolanguagelaboratories,especiallyequippedforlanguageteachingandextensivetapeproductionandprocessingfacilities.ThefollowingisthearrangementfortheFrenchcoursesthissummer.CASLF111First-SemesterFrenchThisisforstudentswhohaveneverstudiedFrenchincludinggrammar,conversationprac-tice,writtenexercisesanddirectedcompositions.Lab1isrequired. Tuition:$1,800Duration:July1-July15Time:MondaytoWednesday9am-11:30amCASLF112Second-SemesterFrenchTheCASLF111examinationresultisrequired.ThisisacontinuationoftheCASLF111basictext:grammar,conversation,compositionsandadditionalreadings.Lab1isrequired.Tuition:$1,800Duration:July16-July31Time:MondaytoWednesday9am-11:30amCASLF211Third-SemesterFrenchTheCASLF112examinationresultisrequired.Ifyouwanttostrengthenyourskillsingrammarandconversation,don’tmissit.Literaryreadings,listeningtonovelsinthelanguagelaboratoryanddiscussionsinclassareincluded.Lab2isrequired.Tuition:$2,000Duration:August1-August15Time:ThursdaytoSaturday11am-1pmCASLF212Fourth-SemesterFrenchTheCASLF211examinationresultisstillamust.Likethethreeabove,thewholeclassisalsoinstructedinFrench.You’llcontinueCASLF211grammarreview,conversationandcompositions,learningselectionsfrommodernliterature,listeningtonovelsinthelaboratoryanddiscussionsinclass.Lab1isrequired.Tuition:$2,000Duration:August16-August31Time:ThursdaytoSaturday11am-1pm1.WhatisspecialaboutCASLF111First-SemesterFrench?A.Itlaststhelongesttime.B.Itincludesthenovelreadingteaching.C.Itgoeswithadvancedteachingfacilities.D.ItissuitableforstudentsnotlearningFrench.2.Whichcourseisconductedinadifferentlaboratory? A.CASLF111First-SemesterFrench.B.CASLF112Second-SemesterFrench.C.CASLF211Third-SemesterFrench.D.CASLF212Fourth-SemesterFrench.3.Whatdothecourseshaveincommon?A.TheyareinstructedinFrench.B.Theytakeplaceinthemorning.C.Theyemploydiscussions.D.Theyincludeentranceexams.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了詹姆斯格迪斯语言中心法语课程的安排。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“CASLF111First-SemesterFrench(CASLF111第一学期法语)”部分中的“ThisisforstudentswhohaveneverstudiedFrench(这是为从未学过法语的学生准备的)”可知，第一学期法语针对的是没有学习过法语的学生。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“CASLF211Third-SemesterFrench(CASLF211第三学期法语)”中的“Lab2isrequired.(实验室二是必需的。)”可知，第三期法语课程在教室二，其余课程均在教室一。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“CASLF212Fourth-SemesterFrench(CASLF212第四学期法语)”中的“Likethethreeabove,thewholeclassisalsoinstructedinFrench.(像上面三个一样，整个班级也用法语授课。)”可知，四个课程均用法语授课。故选A项。BMymotherat85wasquick,withgoodvisionandsharpreactionforherage,butonedaysheknockedintothreeparkedcarsonasupermarketparkinglot.Weneverfoundoutexactlyhowithappened,buttheinvestigatorsfiguredMomhittheacceleratorinsteadofthebrake.Momwaslucky,eventhoughshespenttwoweeksinthehospital.ButweunwillinglyconcludedthatitwastimetotakeawayMom’scarkeys.Tearsrandownhercheeks.Ithinksheneverfeltold untilthatmoment,whenItookawaytheindependenceprovidedbythecar.Inthedaysthatfollowed,wesuggestedshetaketaxistoshop,butshewouldn’tdoit.Fortunately,shelivedinthecityandquicklyslippedintothehabitoftakingthebus.Shebegantoenjoyhernewlife.Butmostoldpeoplehavenoconvenientpublictransportationorshopswithinwalkingdistance.Weseemedtohavemadearightdecision.Butistragedylikethatareasontotakeawaythecarkeysoftheelderly?Ithinknot.Agedoesn’tnecessarilyproveanything.Slowerreactionsornot,seniorcitizensaremuchbetterthanteenagers.Theyusuallydrivemoreslowly.Theygethonkedatalot,buttheirslowerspeedreducestheriskofdeathanddestruction.Theworstrisk-takersonthehighwayareyoungmenbetweentheagesof18to25,butnoonesuggeststakingawaytheirkeysorraisingthedrivingageto26.Thedeathrateinthepastyearformotoristsbetween16and20,accordingtotheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,wasmorethandoublethatfordriversover70.Theoldercitizenwhotriestoavoiddangerislikelytotakepersonalresponsibilitymoreseriouslythanayoungerpersonwhocausesdangerthroughpartyingandrisk.So,letGrannydrive.Roadageisalotlessdangerousthanroadrage.4.WhywasMomsadwhenhercarkeysweretakenawayaccordingtotheauthor?A.Shewasmisunderstood.B.Shehadtowalktoshop.C.Sherealizedshewasold.D.Shewasseriouslyinjured.5.WhatdidtheauthorthinkoftakingawayMom’scarkeysfinally?A.Influential.B.Unreasonable.C.Meaningful.D.Unimportant.6.Whichofthefollowingopinionsdoestheauthorsupport?A.It’snecessarytoraisethedrivingageto20.B.Peopleunder26shouldbeforbiddentodrive.C.Bothseniorandyoungdriversliketakingriskswhiledriving.D.Seniorsshouldn’tbebannedfromdrivingbecauseoftheirage. 7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thelegalagefordriving.B.Whyyoungdriverstakerisks.C.TheaccidentcausedbyMom.D.Whethertheelderlycandrive.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过85岁的妈妈开车发生事故，作者拿走了妈妈的车钥匙的故事展开讨论，到底老年人能不能开车。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Tearsrandownhercheeks.Ithinksheneverfeltolduntilthatmoment,whenItookawaytheindependenceprovidedbythecar.(眼泪顺着她的脸颊流下来。我想她从来没有觉得自己老了，直到我夺走了汽车提供的独立性的那一刻。)”可知，当妈妈的车钥匙被拿走时，她之所以会难过，是因为她意识到自己老了。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Weseemedtohavemadearightdecision.Butistragedylikethatareasontotakeawaythecarkeysoftheelderly?Ithinknot.Agedoesn’tnecessarilyproveanything.(我们似乎做了一个正确的决定。但这样的悲剧能成为夺走老人车钥匙的理由吗？我认为不是。年龄不一定能证明什么。)”可知，作者认为他们的决定是不合情合理。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“IthinknotAgedoesn’tnecessarilyproveanything.Slowerreactionsornot,seniorcitizensaremuchbetterthanteenagers.Theyusuallydrivemoreslowly.Theygethonkedatalot,buttheirslowerspeedreducestheriskofdeathanddestruction.Theworstrisk-takersonthehighwayareyoungmenbetweentheagesof18to25,butnoonesuggeststakingawaytheirkeysorraisingthedrivingageto26.(我认为年龄并不能证明什么。不管反应慢不慢，老年人都比青少年好得多。他们通常开得比较慢。他们经常被催促，但他们较慢的速度降低了死亡和破坏的风险。在高速公路上最冒险的是年龄在18到25岁之间的年轻人，但没有人建议拿走他们的钥匙或把开车年龄提高到26岁)”，可知，老年人不应该仅仅因为年龄就被禁止开车。故选D项。【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者由高龄母亲不被允许开车一事展开思考，讨论老年人是否能开车这一问题。故选D项。CBytheyear2050,Earth’spopulationisexpectedtoreachnearly10billionpeople.Withthisgrowthcomesasurprisingdemandforfoodresources.Tofindaneffectiveway,todealwiththeglobalfoodsafetycrisis,EnterX,AlphabetInclaunchedProjectMineral,whichfocuseson“computationalagriculture”,atermtodescribenewtechnologiesthatwillfurtherin-creaseunderstandingabouttheplantworld.Canamachinebetaughttounderstandtheplantworld?Afteryearsofwork,ProjectMineralleaderElliotGrantandhisteam’slatestprototype(原型)—aplant-scanningrobot-willturnupattheSmithsonian’s“Futures”exhibitionlaterthisyear.Thefour-wheeledplantrobot,aboutastallasashippingcontainerandaswideasacar,usesdifferentcamerasandothertechnologytomonitorandfindpossibleproblemswithplants.Asitrollsthroughthefarmland,itcanidentifyweeds,andmeasuretheripenessoffruits.TheMineralrobotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheatplants,orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.What’smore,whentherobotmeetswithdifferentsituationsoutinthefield,itcanaccuratelyidentifyspecificcrops,traitsordiseases.MineralhaspartneredwithafarmerinthePhilippineswhoishelpingtheteamstudydiseasesinbananas.Imagesofdiseasedbananaswillbeusedtoteachtherobothowtodetectdiseases.Therobotalsotakespicturesofflowersandthenusesthemachinelearningmodeltocountaplant’sfloweringspeed,whichisimportanttounderstandhowaplantrespondstoitsenvironmentandpredicttheyields.Besides,therobotcanmeasureallkindsofleafsizesanddetectgreenness.Thoughtherobothascomealongwayfromitsorigin,it’sstillaprototype,Mineralstressesthatthey’reconstantlyimprovingandworkingcloselywithexpertsintheagriculturalfieldtounderstandplantsfurther.8.WhatisthepurposeofProjectMineral?A.Tofighttheglobalfoodsafetycrisis.B.Tofindsolutionstocropdiseases.C.Toimproveaplant-scanningrobot.D.Tosolvethepopulationproblems. 9.WhatisafeatureoftheMineralrobot?A.Itpowersitself.B.Itmoveswithlegs.C.Itlookslikeaship.D.Itcanadjustitself.10.WhatcantheMineralrobotdo?A.Growplantsonitsown.B.Helpfightinsects.C.Detectcropdiseases.D.Removebadfruits.11.HowdoestheMineralrobotpredictcropyields?A.Byobservingtheripenessoffruits.B.Bycalculatinghowfastplantsflower.C.Byanalyzingtheshapeofplants’leaves.D.Byanalyzingimagesofdiseasedplants.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Alphabet公司推出的新项目“矿物项目”，用于应对全球食品安全危机。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Tofindaneffectiveway,todealwiththeglobalfoodsafetycrisis,EnterX,AlphabetInclaunchedProjectMineral,whichfocuseson“computationalagriculture”,(为了找到一种有效的方法来应对全球食品安全危机，Alphabet公司推出了“矿物项目”)”可知，矿物项目的目的是应对全球食品安全危机。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TheMineralrobotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheatplants,orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.(Mineral机器人可以变高以拍摄小麦植株，也可以变宽以扫描广阔的作物床。)”可知，该机器人可以进行自我调整。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What’smore,whentherobotmeetswithdifferentsituationsoutin thefield,itcanaccuratelyidentifyspecificcrops,traitsordiseases.(更重要的是，当机器人在野外遇到不同的情况时，它可以准确地识别特定的作物、性状或疾病。)”可知，该机器人能识别农作物的病害。故选C项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Therobotalsotakespicturesofflowersandthenusesthemachinelearningmodeltocountaplant’sfloweringspeed,whichisimportanttounderstandhowaplantrespondstoitsenvironmentandpredicttheyields.(机器人还会拍摄花朵的照片，然后使用机器学习模型来计算植物的开花速度，这对于了解植物对环境的反应和预测产量非常重要。)”可知，该机器人通过计算植物开花速度来预测其结果的数量。故选B项。DParentshavelongbeensubjecttotheopinionsofothers,someofwhichincludejudgmentsaboutthenumberoftoystheyshouldprovidefortheirchildren.Somesuggestmoretoysshowchildrentheyaremoreloved,whileothersarguemoretoysisoverkillandapoorsubstituteforparentalattention.Doourkidsreallyneedsomanytoys?AUSresearchteamattheUniversityofToledohasconductedasimpleexperimenttotestcreativityinkidsplayingwithtoys.Intheexperiment,parentswereaskedtobringkidstoaplayareawherethelittleonesweregiveneitherfourtoysor16toystoplayalonewithfor30minutes.Eachofthe36kidswhoparticipatedwasobservedbytheresearcherswhowereinsearchforactivitiesthatcouldbecountedascreative.Theresearchersfoundthatthekidsplayingwithfourtoysengagedinmorecreativeactivitiesthanthekidswhohad16toystochoosefrom.Theyalsofound,unsurprisingly,thatkidswithfewerchoicestendedtoplaywitheachofthetoysavailabletothemforalongeramountoftime.Muchofthatadditionaltimewastakenupwithfindingnewwaystoplaywiththem.Theresearchersarenotsuggestingthatchildrenshouldhavefewertoysoverall-instead,theyaresuggestingthatchildrenshowmorecreativityiftheyonlyhavethechoiceofplayingwithjustafewofthematatime.Theybelieveparentsshouldkeepmostoftheirchildren’stoyslockedawaywhiletheirkidsplaywithasmallpartatanygiventime.Lotsoftoysmaycurbkids’creativityandfocus,makingitmoredifficulttogetthemostoutofanyonetoy-fewertoysnudge(推动)themtowardsresourcefulness.12.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheexperiment? A.Byorganizingaparent-childactivity.B.Byreferringtopreviousdata.C.Byobservingsubjects’behavior.D.Byinterviewingmanyparents.13.Whatdidtheresearchersfindfromtheexperiment?A.Childrenwithfewertoysweremorelikelytofeelalone.B.Childrenweremorecreativewhileplayingwithfewertoys.C.Childrenenjoyedspendingmuchoftheirtimefindingtoys.DChildrenwithmoretoysfocusedoneachoneforalongertime.14.Whatdotheresearcherssuggestparentsdoabouttoys?A.Keeplessthanfourtoysathome.B.Playtoystogetherwiththeirkids.C.Donotbuymoretoysfortheirkids.D.Givetheirkidsfewertoyseachtime.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curb”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Inspire.B.Limit.C.Bring.D.End.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，每次给孩子少一点玩具可以激发孩子们的创造力。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Eachofthe36kidswhoparticipatedwasobservedbytheresearcherswhowereinsearchforactivitiesthatcouldbecountedascreative.(研究人员观察了36名参与研究的孩子，他们在寻找可以算作创造性的活动。)”可知，研究人员通过观察实验对象，也就是孩子们，来进行试验。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatthekidsplayingwithfourtoysengaged inmorecreativeactivitiesthanthekidswhohad16toystochoosefrom.(研究人员发现，玩4个玩具的孩子比玩16个玩具的孩子更有创造力。)”可知，研究人员发现，孩子们玩更少的玩具时会更有创造力。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theybelieveparentsshouldkeepmostoftheirchildren’stoyslockedawaywhiletheirkidsplaywithasmallpartatanygiventime.(他们认为父母应该把孩子的大部分玩具锁起来，而孩子在任何时候都可以玩一小部分。)”可知，研究人员建议家长们每次应该把大部分玩具锁起来，给孩子较少的玩具。故选D项。【15题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Lotsoftoysmaycurbkids’creativityandfocus,makingitmoredifficulttogetthemostoutofanyonetoy-fewertoysnudgethemtowardsresourcefulness.(大量的玩具可能会抑制孩子们的创造力和专注力，使他们更难从任何一个玩具中获得最大的价值——更少的玩具会促使他们变得机智。)”可知，一次给予大量的玩具会让孩子从任何一个玩具中获得最大益处变得更加困难，再根据上下文对比关系可知，此处指大量的玩具可能会限制孩子的创造力和专注力。B项“限制”符合句意。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyou’reanythingliketheaverageAmerican,youprobablycheckyoursmartphonemorethan50timesperdayasa2018studyfound.___16___Infact,TheUniversityofArizonafoundbackin2012thatcellphonescarry10timesmorebacteriathanatoiletseat,largelybecausetoiletseatsaretypicallycleanedmorefrequentlywhilepersonalelectronicsarelargelyoverlooked.Asthenovelcoronaviruscontinuestospread,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandtheWorldHealthOrganizationareadvisingthegeneralpublictowashhandsoftenanddisinfect(消毒)frequentlytouchedobjectsandsurfaces.___17___Butcleaningyourphonecanbetricky,consideringmanyofthestandardcleaningproductsyou’dtypicallyusefordisinfectioncouldpotentiallydamageyourmobiledevice.Youmaywanttowipedownyourphone’sscreenwithsomerubbingalcoholoradisinfectantwipe.___18___Thesephoneshaveacoatingonthemtopreventoilorgreasefromyourhandfromstickingonthephone.Usingalcoholorthosetypesofeverydaysolutionsdirectlyonaphone,onitsglasscanharmit.___19___ ThatlinesupwiththeadviceAppleandSamsungofferwhichwarnnottousecleaningproducts.___20___Ifyouneedtodisinfectyoursmartphone,considerlookingintoaUVlighttokillthebacteria.A.Youshouldavoidusingalcohol.B.Butindoingso,youriskdamagingyourdevice’sscreen.C.Thatmeanskeepingyourphonecleanisimportantaswell.D.Youshouldstillbecautiouswvhenexposingthemtoliquids.E.Instead,useamicrofiberclothanddampenitlightlywithsoapandwater.F.Andeachtimeyoudo,yourmobiledevicepicksupmorebacteriafromyourhands.G.Bothcompaniessaywipingyourphonedownwithasoftclothisthebestwaytocleanit.【答案】16.F17.C18.B19.E20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了手机上的细菌含量很高，但清洁手机要注意方法。【16题详解】上文“Ifyou’reanythingliketheaverageAmerican,youprobablycheckyoursmartphonemorethan50timesperdayasa2018studyfound.(如果你和普通美国人一样，你可能会像2018年的一项研究发现的那样，每天看你的智能手机超过50次)”提到每人每天看手机的次数非常多；下文“Infact,TheUniversityofArizonafoundbackin2012thatcellphonescarry10timesmorebacteriathanatoiletseat,(事实上，亚利桑那大学早在2012年就发现，手机携带的细菌是马桶盖的10倍，)”提到关键词“细菌”，故空处承上启下，需要提到“移动手机”和“细菌”。F项“可知每次你这样做，你的移动设备从你的手上收集更多的细菌”符合文意。故选F【17题详解】上文“Asthenovelcoronaviruscontinuestospread,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandtheWorldHealthOrganizationareadvisingthegeneralpublictowashhandsoftenanddisinfectfrequentlytouchedobjectsandsurfaces.(随着新型冠状病毒的不断传播，美国疾病预防控制中心和世界卫生组织建议公众勤洗手，对经常接触的物体和表面进行消毒)”可知，勤洗手、消毒可以控制新冠病毒的传播；下文“Butcleaningyourphonecanbetricky(但是，清洁手机可能会有点难度)”提到手机清洁。C项“保持手机清洁也很重要”承上启下，符合文意。故选C项。【18题详解】 根据上文“Youmaywanttowipedownyourphone’sscreenwithsomerubbingalcoholoradisinfectantwipe.(你可能想用酒精或消毒水擦拭手机屏幕)”和下文“Thesephoneshaveacoatingonthemtopreventoilorgreasefromyourhandfromstickingonthephone.Usingalcoholorthosetypesofeverydaysolutionsdirectlyonaphone,onitsglasscanharmit.(这些手机上有一层涂层，以防止你手上的油或油脂粘在手机上。在手机玻璃上直接使用酒精或其他日常溶液会对手机造成伤害。)”可知，用酒精或者消毒水清洁屏幕可能会损害屏幕，由此推知，空处指出上文的做法可能对手机屏幕有伤害。B项“但这样做，有损坏设备屏幕的风险”符合题意。故选B项。【19题详解】上文“Thesephoneshaveacoatingonthemtopreventoilorgreasefromyourhandfromstickingonthephone.(在手机玻璃上直接使用酒精或其他日常溶液会对手机造成伤害。)”提到错误的清洁手机的方式，可以推测出后文需要提及如何正确清洁手机。E项“相反，使用微纤维布，用肥皂和水轻轻浸湿。”符合文意，故选E项。【20题详解】上文“ThatlinesupwiththeadviceAppleandSamsungofferwhichwarnnottousecleaningproducts.(这与苹果和三星提出的不要使用清洁产品的建议一致。)”提及两家知名电子产品公司均同意使用微纤维布擦拭手机屏幕以达到消毒的目的，故G项“两家公司都表示，用软布擦拭手机是最好的清洁方式。”承接上文，符合文章结构。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Threeyearsago,IparticipatedinModelUnitedNations(MUN)heldby.theEducationDepartment.Duringthetwodays,studentsareseparatedindifferentgroupswhich___21___differentcountries’todebateandtrytosolveproblems.MUNhas___22___awards:bestdelegates(代表),honorarymentions,andverbalmentions.EachtimeIparticipatedinMUN,Imadegood___23___andundoubtedlygotafewawards.ButIoftenfeltasifI’d___24___becauseIhadneverwonthebestdelegateaward.I___25___thosewhodidn’tdeservetowintheawardbutwonitvarioustimes,andIwasjustfilledwith___26___attheirsuccess.This___27___metoaskthedirector.Hehelpedmepatientlyand ___28___myweakness.LaterIrealizedthatitwasalso___29___nottogettheawardbecauseIcould____30____learnsomething,andthatIshouldn’t____31____thebestdelegateawarduntilIwasthebestdelegateIcouldbe.Itmademe____32____thatifIhadwonthebestdelegateawardeasily,Iwouldn’thave____33____myshortcomingsandturnedfailuresintovictories.Failuresare____34____subjective—wecanlookataresultasafailureora____35____.Anyfailurecanberegardedasa____36____becauseyoucanalwayslearnsomethingfromitanddobetternexttime.Thisis____37____byJohnLocke’stheorythatwearebornwithblankviews;knowledgeandabilityarelearnedfromour____38____.That’strue.IfImakeamistake,thenIprobablywon’t____39____thatnexttime.Ibelievethisis____40____thebestwaytobecomebetter.21.A.strengthenB.aidC.inspireD.represent22.A.variousB.temporaryC.identicalD.creative23.A.appointmentsB.preparationsC.predictionsD.explanations24.A.acceleratedB.exitedC.failedD.escaped25.A.approachedB.trainedC.expectedD.witnessed26.A.reliefB.envyC.satisfactionD.pride27.A.stoppedB.refusedC.invitedD.led28.A.lostsightofB.pointedoutC.gaveupD.lookeddownon29A.annoyedB.ashamedC.goodD.terrible30.A.eventuallyB.physicallyC.curiouslyD.extremely31.A.learnB.winC.deliverD.value32.A.regretB.misguideC.doubtD.understand33.A.overcomeB.judgedC.neglectedD.forgotten34.A.academicallyB.amazinglyC.completelyD.gracefully35.A.bondB.betC.victoryD.loss36.A.promiseB.benefitC.burdenD.limit37A.protectedB.measuredC.supportedD.separated 38.A.decisionsB.attitudesC.positionsD.experiences39.A.repeatB.admitC.acceptD.notice40.A.wronglyB.scarcelyC.trulyD.narrowly【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.C35.C36.B37.C38.D39.A40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的亲身经历向我们诠释了“失败是成功之母”的真谛。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这两天里，学生们被分成代表不同国家的不同小组进行辩论并试图解决问题。A.strengthen加强；B.aid帮助、救助；C.inspire激励；D.represent代表。根据下文“MUNhas___2___awards:bestdelegates(代表),honorarymentions,andverbalmentions.”中关键词delegates意为“代表”可知，空处表示每个人都要代表一个国家进行发言，故空单词应与“代表”同义或近义。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：模联设有各种奖项：最佳代表奖、荣誉奖和口头奖。A.various各种各样的；B.temporary暂时的；C.identical相同的；D.creative有创造力的。结合后文“bestdelegates(代表),honorarymentions,andverbalmentions.”可知，奖项多样。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次参加模联，我都做好了充分的准备，毫无疑问获得了几个奖项。A.appointments约定；B.preparations准备；C.predictions预测；D.explanations解释。结合后文“ButIoftenfeltasifI’d___4___becauseIhadneverwonthebestdelegateaward.”可知，即使作者每次都很努力地做好准备了，但还是从没有赢过最佳代表奖，于是感到很失败。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我经常觉得自己失败了，因为我从来没有获得过最佳代表奖。A.accelerated加速；B.exited激动的；C.failed失败；D.escaped逃跑。根据空前“But ”表转折可知作者虽然拿过一些奖项，但还是觉得不够，所以总认为自己并没有真正赢过，故空处应填单词与“赢”应为反义。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我目睹了那些不配获奖却多次获奖的人，对他们的成功充满了嫉妒。A.approached接近；B.trained训练；C.expected期待；D.witnessed目击、看见。根据后文“butwonitvarioustimes”可知，作者每次参赛都能看到一些作者认为不值得拿奖的人拿了最佳代表奖。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我目睹了那些不配获奖却多次获奖的人，对他们的成功充满了嫉妒。A.relief放心；B.envy嫉妒；C.satisfaction满意；D.pride骄傲。根据前文“Iwitnessedthosewhodidn’tdeservetowintheaward”可知，作者认为这些人都不值得拿奖，由此推测出作者的心态是很嫉妒的。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这促使我去问我们教练。A.stopped停止；B.refused拒绝；C.invited邀请；D.led导致、促使。固定短语leadsb.tosth.表示“致使某人做某事”，符合题意。是羡慕和嫉妒促使作者去问教练，到底自己为什么拿不到奖。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他耐心地帮助我，指出我的弱点。A.lostsightof看不见；B.pointedout指出；C.gaveup放弃；D.lookeddownon瞧不起。结合后文“LaterIrealizedthatitwasalso___9___nottogettheawardbecauseIcould___10___learnsomething,andthatIshouldn’t___11___thebestdelegateawarduntilIwasthebestdelegateIcouldbe.”可知，作者的教练耐心地与作者进行了一番谈话，把作者的缺点都分析了一遍并安慰了作者。B项“指出”与“缺点”搭配合理，且符合文意。故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来我意识到没有获奖也不错，因为我最终可以学到一些东西，在我成为最好的代表之前，我不应该获得最佳代表奖。A.annoyed烦闷的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.good好的；D.terrible可怕的。结合后文可知，作者想通了，不拿奖也挺好的，可以激励自己再接再厉。故选C项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来我意识到没有获奖也不错，因为我最终可以学到一些东西，在我成为最好的代表之前，我不应该获得最佳代表奖。A.eventually最终；B.physically 身体上；C.curiously好奇地；D.extremely极其。结合后文“andthatIshouldn’t___11___thebestdelegateawarduntilIwasthebestdelegateIcouldbe.”可知，作者摆正了心态，认为无论如何自己都能学到一些东西。A项“最终”符合句意，表示最终都能学到东西。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我意识到没有获奖也不错，因为我最终可以学到一些东西，在我成为最好的代表之前，我不应该获得最佳代表奖。A.learn学习；B.win赢；C.deliver送货；D.value重视。结合上文“Iwitnessedthosewhodidn’tdeservetowintheawardbutwonitvarioustimes,andIwasjustfilledwithenvyattheirsuccess.”赢奖为动词win，故此处也用win，为原词复现。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我明白，如果我轻松地获得了最佳代表奖，我就不会克服自己的缺点，把失败变成胜利。A.regret后悔；B.misguide误判；C.doubt怀疑；D.understand明白、理解。结合前文可知，作者明白、理解了这个道理。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我明白，如果我轻松地获得了最佳代表奖，我就不会克服自己的缺点，把失败变成胜利。A.overcome克服；B.judged评判；C.neglected忽视；D.forgotten忘记。分析句子，空后为myshortcomings表示“我的缺点”，所以应该填一个词去表达作者如何对待自己的缺点，将失败转为胜利。A项“克服”符合文意。故选A项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：失败是完全主观的——我们可以把结果看作失败或胜利。A.academically学习上；B.amazingly神奇地；C.completely完全；D.gracefully优雅地。结合后文“wecanlookataresultasafailureora__15__.”可知，如何对待失败，完全取决于自己，非常主观。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：失败是完全主观的——我们可以把结果看作失败或胜利。A.bond纽带；B.bet赌金；C.victory胜利；D.loss失去。空前有并列连词or表选择，前文为afailure即“一件失败的事情”，故空后需要填和“失败”反义的词表选择。C项“胜利”符合句意。故选C项。【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何失败都可以被视为一种好处，因为你总能从中学到一些东西，下次做得更好。A.promise承诺；B.benefit好处；C.burden负担；D.limit限制。根据后文“becauseyoucanalwayslearnsomethingfromitanddobetternexttime.”可知，作者是希望读者把失败视为一件好事，故空处应该填与“好”相近或相同的词。B项“好处”符合句意。故选B项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰·洛克的理论支持了这一点，即我们生来就有空白的观点；知识和能力是从经验中学来的。A.protected保护；B.measured测量；C.supported支持；D.separated分开。根据下文“thatwearebornwithblankviews;knowledgeandabilityarelearnedfromourexperiences.”可知，约翰·洛克的理论与作者的观点相符，所以是“支持”了这一点。故选C项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰·洛克的理论支持了这一点，即我们生来就有空白的观点；知识和能力是从经验中学来的。A.decisions决定；B.attitudes态度；C.positions位置、职位；D.experiences经历。根据后文“That’strue.IfImakeamistake,thenIprobablywon’t___19___that.”可知，作者想告诉读者，我们是从不断试错、犯错中成长，学会成长和成功，所以我们的知识和能力是从经历中学到的。故选D项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我犯了错误，我下次可能不会再重复了。A.repeat重复；B.admit承认；C.accept接受；D.notice通知。结合前文，我们的知识和能力是从经验中学会的，由此可以推测出，如果犯错了，记住了，下次就不会再犯同样的错误了。A“重复”符合句意。故选A项。【40题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是变得更好的最好方法。A.wrongly错误地；B.scarcely很少地、几乎没有；C.truly真正地；D.narrowly狭隘地。结合上文可知，这是作者通过亲身经历学到的一个道理，所以是作者认为的“真正的；最好的”方法。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aroundtheworld,peoplelovetokeepdogsas___41___(pet).However,thereissomethingyoumightnotknowaboutthese___42___(love)animals.Ifyourdogsbecomeuneasyorsadaroundyou,itmightmeanyouaresick!Thisis___43___theymaybeable___44___(smell)thatsomethingis wrongwithyou.At___45___researchcenterinEngland,dogs___46___(teach)tosmellcancerinpeople’surinesamples(尿样).Toseeifthedogscould___47___(real)smellthecancer,theresearchersgavethemaspecialtest.Theywerebroughtintoaroom,andinfrontofthemweredifferenturinesamples.Onlyoneofthem___48___(come)fromapersonwithcancer.Neitherthedogsnorthepeoplethereknew___49___urinesamplehadcancerinit.Whentheysmelledcancerinaurinesample,thedogshadtositdowninfrontofthatsample.Onedog,____50____(name)Bee,wasbestatthetest.Itfoundtherightsample60%ofthegiventime!So,ifyourdogsmellsyoutoomuchandlooksabituneasy,maybeyoushouldvisitthedoctorjusttobeonthesafeside!【答案】41.pets42.lovely43.because44.tosmell45.a46.weretaught47.really48.came49.which50.named【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全世界的人都喜欢养狗作为宠物，并且有的宠物能够识别主人是否身患疾病。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：在世界各地，人们都喜欢养狗作为宠物。结合句意，狗被用来当作宠物，并且前文dogs用的是复数，故“宠物”也需要对应为复数。故填pets。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，关于这些可爱的动物，有些事情你可能不知道。根据空后名词animals可知，空处需要填love的形容词形式作定语修饰“动物”。故填lovely。【43题详解】考查连词。句意：这是因为他们可能能够嗅出你有什么问题。根据前文“Ifyourdogsbecomeuneasyorsadaroundyou,itmightmeanyouaresick!(如果你的狗狗在你身边变得不安或悲伤，这可能意味着你生病了！)”可知，后文是在进一步解释上文，表原因；且thisisbecause为固定句型表示“这是因为……”，符合题干和句意。故填because。【44题详解】 考查不定式。句意：这是因为他们可能能嗅出你有什么问题。固定短语beabletodo意为“能够做……”符合句意，故空处需要填不定式接动词原形。故填tosmell。【45题详解】考查冠词。句意：在英国的一个研究中心，研究人员教狗嗅出人类尿液样本中的癌症。结合句意和上下文，该空为第一次提到这个研究中心，表泛指“一个”，故填不定冠词a/an，research不属于元音音素开头的单词。故填a。【46题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在英国的一个研究中心，研究人员教狗嗅出人类尿液样本中的癌症。结合上下文可知，很多狗已经学会了，所以空处需要使用一般过去时态；主语为dogs，复数，且与动词teach为动宾关系。故填weretaught。【47题详解】考查副词。句意：为了观察狗狗是否真的能闻到癌症，研究人员对它们进行了特殊测试。空前有情态动词could，空后为动词smell，故空处需要填副词修饰动词。故填really。【48题详解】考查动词时态。句意：其中只有一个来自癌症患者。结合前文谓语动词为were可知，时态为一般过去时。故填came。【49题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：无论是狗还是那里的人都不知道哪个尿样中含有癌症。分析句子结构可知，从句位于谓语动词knew后，故为宾语从句，从句中缺少定语，表示“哪一个的”，修饰主语urine。故填which。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一只名叫Bee狗在测试中表现最好。分析句子成分，谓语动词为was，故空处需要填非谓语动词；主语为Onedog，和动词name“取名”之间为动宾关系，故需要用过去分词形式。故填named。第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。WhenyouvisitLondon,oneofthefirstthingsyouwouldseeisBigBen.ItisthefamousclockwhatcanbeheardalloveraworldontheBBC.IthasalwaysbeenthehottestattractionfortravelerstovisititinLondon.IftheHousesofParliamenthadn’tcaughtfireandburneddownin1834,thegreatclockwouldneverhavebuilt.BigBentookitsnamefromSirBenjaminHall,whichwasinchargeofmaketheclockwhenthenewHousesofParliamentwasbeingbuilt.BigBenalwaysgoesverygood.PeoplewhoworkinGreenwichObservatoryhavetheclockchecktwiceaday.So,BigBenhasseldomwentwrong.【答案】1.would→will2.what→which/that3.a→the4.删除visit后的it5.在have后加been6.which→who7.make→making8.good→well9.check→checked10.went→gone【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦的著名景点——大本钟。【详解】1.考查时态。句意：当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是大本钟。When引导时间状语从句，为一般现在时态，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句要用一般将来时态。故将would改为will。2.考查定语从句。句意：它就是那座著名的钟，全世界都可以通过英国广播公司听到它。分析句子成分可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为clock，为物，从句中缺少主语，故需要用关系代词which或that引导。故将what改为which或that。3.考查冠词。句意：它就是那座著名的钟，全世界都可以通过英国广播公司听到它。固定短语allovertheworld表示“全世界”。故将a改为the。 4.考查代词。句意：它一直以来都是伦敦最受游客欢迎的景点。分析句子结构，句子开头已经用了It做主语，代指大本钟，visit后面不应该再加一个宾语it，故将visit后的it去掉。5.考查动词的语态。句意：如果不是议会大厦在1834年失火烧毁，这座大钟就永远不会建成。分析句子成分，主语thegreatclock和动词build为被动关系，故需要在built前加上been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故在have后加been。6.考查定语从句。句意：大本钟的名字来自本杰明·霍尔爵士，他在建造新国会大厦时负责制造大本钟。分析句子结构，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是人名SirBenjaminHall，从句中缺少主语，故需要用关系代词who代替先行词作主语。故将which改为who。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：大本钟的名字来自本杰明·霍尔爵士，他在建造新国会大厦时负责制造大本钟。of是介词，如后需要接动名词作宾语。故将make改为making。8.考查副词。句意：大本钟总是走得很准。good用于修饰名词，而本句中应用于修饰动词goes，故需要改为副词形式表示相同含义“好”。故将good改为well。9.考查固定非谓语动词。句意：在格林尼治天文台工作的人每天检查两次钟。固定短语havesth.done表示“请某人做某事、使某事被做”，符合句意，故需要把check改为过去分词形式。故将check改为checked。10.考查时态。句意：因此，大本钟很少出错。根据本句话中助动词has可知，动词需要用过去分词构成现在完成时态。故将went改为gone。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.假定你是北京某中学的学生李华，将去英国进行交流活动，你被安排在Jenkins家寄宿。请你用英语向Mr.Jenkins发一封邮件，内容包括：1.自我介绍；2.你的生活习惯；3.你的心愿。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMr.Jenkins, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMrJenkins,I’mLiHua,ahighschoolstudentinBeijing.I’mhonoredtobeanexchangestudenttoyourcountryandarrangedtolivewithyouduringmystay.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutmyfamily.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily:myfather,adoctor,mymother,anurse,andme.Weliveahappylife.Ilikepets,soit’sOKformeifyourfamilykeepspets.Idon’tsmokebutIdon’tmindifanybodyelsesmokes.I’mnotparticularaboutfood.Ioftentakeexerciseoutdoorswhichhelpsmestayingoodhealth.Ibelievewe’llgetonwelltogetherandhopetolearnalotaboutyourculture.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给向寄宿家庭主人Mr.Jenkins发一封邮件，简单做一个自我介绍，说明自己的生活习惯，并对未来表达美好祝愿。【详解】1.词汇积累安排：arrange→schedule/organize挑剔的：particular→picky/fussy锻炼：takeexercise→workout健康的：ingoodhealth→healthy2.句式拓展并列句变复合句原句：Ilikepets,soit’sOKformeifyourfamilykeepspets.拓展句：Ilikepets,whichmeansit’sOKformeifyourfamilykeepspets.【点睛】 【高分句型1】I’mnotparticularaboutfood.Ioftentakeexerciseoutdoorswhichhelpsmestayingoodhealth.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Ibelievewe’llgetonwelltogetherandhopetolearnalotaboutyourculture.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）听力答案:1~5ABBAC6~10CCCBA11~15AACCA16~20BCABB