上海市长宁区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期教学质量调研（一模）试题（Word版附解析）

2022-2023学年上海市长宁区高三第一学期英语教学质量调研试卷(考试时间120分钟;满分140分)I.ListeningcomprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Totakeaphoto.B.Totraveloverseas.C.Toadoptachild.D.Tolookforanewjob.2.A.Cleaningthekitchen.B.Drawingastreetmap.C.Planninghomeredecoration.D.Paintingthediningroom.3.A.Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.B.Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.C.Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.D.Shehasnotgottheman’scopiesready.4.A.Shewaslatefortheappointment.B.Sheoftenkeptotherpeoplewaiting.C.Sheranintothemanonherwayhere.D.Shecalledherfriendaboutthebook.5.A.Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.B.Itgotbadlydamagedontheway.C.ItgotlostattheMadridAirport.D.Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.6.A.Heknowshisweaknesses.B.Heishighlyambitious.C.Hecan’tfacethesituation.D.Heisratherdisappointed.7.A.Theyarebothtoblame.B.Theyarebotheasytoplease. C.Theycanmanagetogetalong.D.Theywillmakepeaceintime.8.A.Practicingaspeechcontest.B.Listeningtosomeloudmusic.C.Preparingforanoralexamination.D.Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.9.A.100%cottonpantsindarkblue.B.Fashionablepantsinbrightcolours.C.Greypantsmadeofpurecotton.D.Somethingtomatchherbrownpants.10.A.Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.B.Shemusthavepaidalotforthegym.C.Hergymexercisehasachievedgoodresults.D.Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Theirtotallynewlooks.B.Hisownsimilarbackground.C.Theirvariedlifestories.D.Hisdreamofbecomingfamous.12.A.Bytraininghairstylistsinabout15countries.B.Bypostingphotoswithstoriesonsocialmedia.C.Byofferingfreeservicestostreetanimalsaswell.D.Byleadingthehomelesstodosomethingfornothing.13.A.Livingconditionsofthehomeless.B.AnInternetcelebrityhairdresser.C.Experiencesofsharingphotosonline.D.Actsofkindnesstothehomeless.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.TheyfeatureinBritishruralculturallife.B.Theyareresponsibleforthetrafficaroundschools. C.Theyhelppupilscrossstreetsintheneighbourhood.D.Theyaredressedinredwithlargeyellowsticksonhead.15.A.Shewassuspectedoftheft.B.Shecouldnotfindherwayhome.C.Shewasmentallydisabled.D.Shewouldbetakentocourtfortrial.16.A.WhyLindawasremovedfromherduty.B.HowMichaelhelpedasickstranger.C.WhatMichaelneededtomakepublic.D.WhereLindawasfoundintrouble.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Signingupmembers.B.Organizingprotests.C.Actingasitsspokesman.D.Savingendangeredanimals.18A.Anti-nuclearcampaigns.B.Removingindustrialwaste.C.SurveyingtheAtlanticOceanfloor.D.Anti-animal-abusedemonstrations.19.A.Byengaginginviolence.B.Bydisturbingthem.C.Byappealingtothepublic.D.Bytakinglegalaction.20.A.Reserved.B.Uninterested.C.Doubtful.D.Supportive.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LivingyourbestlifeItwasabrightspringmorninginasuburbanRochester,NewYork,neighborhood.Threeyoungmen,___1___heartswerefullofexcitement,werepreparingforaroadtripacrosstheUnitedStates.Itwouldbetheadventureofalifetime.Iwasoneofthoseyoungmen.Formyfriendsand___2___,goingonacross-countrytripwasatthetopourbucketlists!Abucketlistsimplyliststhingsyouwanttosee,tryoraccomplish___3___yourlifetime.Butit’snotsomethingsimplelikelearningtorideabikeorpassingamathtest.Youneedtodreambig!___4___thismaynotsoundpractical,it’sagoodmentalexerciseandalotoffun.Theskyisthelimit!Why?Becausemakingabucketlistcanpushyoutodosomethingextraordinary!Makingabucketlistcanalsohelpyougetintouchwithyourvalues.Peoplelivebusylives,soit’seasytoget___5___(trap)inlife’sdailyroutines.Buttakingtimetochewover___6___youreally wantfromlifecanhelpyougetafreshperspective.Ifyou’rereadytostartmakingyourownbucketlist,youfirstneedtodecidewhattoputonit.Youcouldmakealistofunusualthingsyou’dliketodo,suchasdoing___7___underwaterphotoshootasamermaid(美人鱼).Ifyouloveanimals,youcouldputatriptoTokyo___8___(visit)anightbirdcaféonyourlist.What’sonmylist?Well,sinceIfancy___9___(look)intothenightsky,IwanttospendafewnightsintheAtacamaDesertinnorthernChile.Iftheskiesareclear,IwouldhaveaviewofthewholeMilkyWayGalaxy!Nowit’syourturn.Whatstrikesyourfancy?You____10____(not)discoverwhatyouarecapableofuntilyoudreamBIG.【答案】1.whose2.me3.within4.Although##Though##While5.trapped6.what7.an8.tovisit9.looking10.won’t【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己的愿望清单和愿望清单的意义。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：三个满怀期待的年轻人准备展开一场横跨美国的公路之旅。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Threeyoungmen，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作hearts的定语，意思是“他们的内心”，应使用具有所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。【2题详解】考查代词。句意：对朋友和我而言，来一次横跨全国的旅行排在我们梦想清单的首位！根据上文“Iwasoneofthoseyoungmen.”可知，作者是其中的一员，所以句中指对“我的朋友们”和“我”说，用宾语代词me作宾语。故填me。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：愿望清单只是列出你一生中想要看到、尝试或完成的事情。根据句意，“愿望清单”是一个人一生中想做的事情，用介词within。故填within。【4题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这听起来不太实际，但这是一种很好的脑力锻炼，而且很有 趣。根据句意，愿望清单虽然“听起来不太实际”，但“是一种很好的脑力锻炼，而且很有趣”，上下文有转折关系，用从属连词although或者though以及while引导让步状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们过着忙碌的生活，所以很容易被日常生活所困。根据句意，人们容易被日常生活所困，系动词get与过去分词trapped构成被动语态。故填trapped。【6题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：但花点时间思考你真正想从生活中得到什么，可以帮助你获得一个全新的视角。分析句子可知，空格后是宾语从句，从句引导词在从句中作want的宾语，表示“你所想要的东西”，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故填what。【7题详解】考查冠词。句意：你可以列出你想做的不寻常的事情，比如在水下拍摄美人鱼的照片。可数名词underwaterphotoshoot在句中表示“一次水下拍摄”，泛指，underwater发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你喜欢动物，你可以把去东京夜鸟咖啡馆放在你的清单上。根据句意，“拜访夜鸟咖啡馆”是去东京的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填tovisit。9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：嗯，因为我喜欢仰望夜空，所以我想在智利北部的阿塔卡马沙漠住上几晚。fancy后跟动词名词作宾语。故填looking。【10题详解】考查时态。句意：只有拥有远大的梦想，你才会发现自己的能力。根据主将从现原则，时间状语从句上“untilyoudreamBIG”中使用了一般现在时态，主句中应用一般将来时，结合提示词not可知，应用否定形式，所以用willnot与discover构成一般将来时的否定形式，可缩写为won’t。故填won’t。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed. A.defensivelyB.exitedC.initiativelyD.landscapeE.respondF.thoughtG.toweredH.unaffectedI.uninhabitedJ.welcomingK.windingDangerinthedesertThatdayweweredeepinChile’sAtacamaDesert.Therethe____11____couldoftenbecomparedtoMars.Ourteamoffourfemalemicrobiologistswatchedasacarfullofcuriousmenpulledupbesideus.Becausewewerestrangersina(n)____12____place,ourmindsimmediatelyjumpedtowayswecouldprotectourselves.So,____13____,ourChileanfellowguideliftedthestrongtoolshe’dbeenusingtodigupplantroots.Therestofustriedtolookbraverthanwefelt.WehadcometothisdeserttoconductDNAstudiesongianthorsetailsthatsomehowgrowwellinoneofEarth’sdriestplaces.Weweresearchingforplantsinthemostremotelocations,wheretheywouldbe____14____byhumanactivitiessuchasminingandagriculture.We’dbeenwarnedthatthetripcouldbedangerous.Becauseweweretravelingsofarfromfuelsources,weweretoldtotakealongacanofgas.Ourdestinationwasattheendofa(n)____15____single-lanedirtroadlinedwithburned-outvehiclesthathadnotsuccessfullynegotiatedthesteepdownslope.Oursamplesitewasnearavillage,andthepeoplemightnot,weweretold,____16____positivelytous.Wewereinstructedtoreportourtravelplansatthenearestpolicestationsothatsearchpartieswouldknowwheretolookforusifwedisappeared.Wehadfoundtheamazingplantsandtheirbrightgreenstocks____17____overourheads.Theyarousedthe____18____ofancientwetlandplants.Themenapproachedaswefinishedcollectingoursamples.Wewaitedtenselyasaman____19____thecarandwalkedtowardus.Tooursurpriseandrelief,hepolitelyinvitedustovisittheirvillage—theywantedtoshowusalovelychurchofwhichtheywereproud.Thatday,welearnedaboutmorethanthemicrobiomesthathelpdesertplantsgrowwell.Wealsometa(n)_____20_____communitywhohadlikewisebeautifullyadaptedtotheirchallenginghome.【答案】11.D12.I13.A14.H15.K16.E17.G18.F19.B20.J 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我们深入到智利的阿塔卡马沙漠深处指导巨型马尾植物的基因研究并且拜访了当地村庄的故事。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：那里的风景通常被比喻成火星。根据前面的冠词the可知，空格处应填名词，landscape“风景”为不可数名词，符合句意。故选D项。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：因为在这个无人居住的地方我们都是陌生人，我们在头脑中立刻想到了保护自我的方法。根据空后的place，可知空处需要填形容词，uninhabited“无人居住的”符合句意。故选I项。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：所以，作为防御，我们的智利导游举起了她一直用来挖植物根茎的结实工具。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词defensively“防御地”，修饰句子作状语，符合句意。故选A项。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：我们在最偏远的地方寻找植物，在那里它们不受人类活动比如采矿和农业的影响。结合be和by可知，空处填过去分词，构成被动语态，unaffected“不受影响”符合句意。故选H项。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的目的地在一条蜿蜒的单车道的土路上，那里并排着很多因为未能顺利通过陡峭的下坡而被烧毁的车辆。根据后文“single-lanedirtroad”可知，空格处需要填形容词作定语，winding“蜿蜒的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：我们的抽样地点在一个村庄的附近，我们被告知那里的人们有可能不会积极地回应我们。根据前文“mightnot”可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，respond“回应”为动词，且情态动词后填动词原形。故选E项。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：我们已经发现了神奇的植物并且它们明亮绿色的根茎高过我们的头顶。分析句子可知，空格处填谓语动词，根据句意空格处需要填一般过去时，towered“高出”为动词的过去式，符合句意。故选G项。 【18题详解】考查名词。句意：它们让我们想起了古代的湿地植物。根据前面的冠词the和后文“ofancientwetlandplants.”可知，空格处应填名词单数，thought“想法”为名词单数，符合句意。故选F项。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：我们紧张地等待着，这时一个男人下了汽车走向我们时。根据后文“andwalked”可知，空格处应填动词和walked并列，exited“退出”为动词过去式，符合句意。故选B项。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们也遇到了一个受人欢迎的群体他们可能完美地适应了他们充满挑战的家园。根据后文名词“community”可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，welcoming“受欢迎的”为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.BesidepencilsharpenersandcalendarsinclassroomsthroughoutMinnesota’sLakevilleAreaSchools,therearenowbigblueboxeswitharedbuttonandthewordPOLICE.Thebuttonsendsatextmessagetoemergencycorrespondents,alertstherestoftheschooltopotentialdanger,and___21___1,200poundsofmagnetic(磁性的)forcetokeepthedoorshut.It’soneofthemeasuresthatMichaelBaumannhasemployedto___22___theschoolsinhisdistrictandprotectagainstactiveshooterssincehebecamesupervisorin2017.Hehiredfourmoreadviserstoimprovemental-healthservices.Heestablishedateamtomonitor___23___threatsofviolence.Hespent$14.4millioninstallingtheemergency-alertsystemandbuildingpanelsintowallsthataredesignedtostopbullets—all___24___helpingstudentsandteacherssurviveanactiveshooter.“Everybodygoestobedandthinks,‘That’llneverhappeninmyschooldistrict.‘Well,Icantellyouasasupervisor,that’sthe___25___dream,”saysBaumann,whopreviouslyservedintheArmy.“Ifeltlikeitwasmy___26___todowhatIcould.”Fearofshootingshasturnedschoolsecurityintoa___27___industry.Themarketfor school-securityequipmentandservicesreached$2.7billionin2017,accordingtoareportbytheresearchfirmOmdia.Thatwasbeforethe2018shootingatMarjoryStonemanDouglasHighSchoolinParkland,Fla.,furtherincreasedthefocusonsecuritymeasuresatschools.TheschoolshootinginUvalde,Texas,onMay24thisyearhasrestartedthediscussionaboutwhethersafetymeasuresatschoolscan___28___massshootings.Andmanypoliticians,afterindicatingthattheyare___29___tosupportgun-safetylawmaking,havearguedinsteadthatheightenedphysicalsecuritymeasuresarenecessarytopreventfutureattacks.____30____,expertssayit’snotclearthatsuchmeasuresactuallymakeschoolssafer.Researchshowsthatthenumberofdeadlyshootingsatschoolshasincreasedsince2012,duringaperiodinwhichprotectivemeasuresalso____31____.Therealsoisn’tclearevidencethatschoolresourceofficers(SROs)improvesafety.SROswere____32____inUvaldeandinParklandbeforethegunmenenteredtheschools,butfailedtostopthoseshootings.“Whenweaddmetaldetectors,observationcameras,increasedpolicepresence,active-shooterdrills,andweturnschoolsintothismixofcastlesand____33____,”saysBryanWarnick,aneducationprofessoratOhioStateUniversity.Althoughmanyschooldistrictsinvestinsecurityinthehopesofpreventingshootings,someworrythatreinforcingschoolsultimatelymakes____34____responsibleforsolvingthegun-violenceoutbreak.“Schoolsare____35____withtrainingsandnewprocedures,”Warnicksays.“It’salargersocialproblemofeasyaccesstoguns,oflackofaccesstomental-healthcare.”21.A.reservesB.sustainsC.activatesD.balances22.A.constructB.hardenC.reopenD.finance23.A.potentialB.immediateC.mentalD.empty24.A.stoodforB.dependedonC.referredtoD.aimedat25.A.vividB.horribleC.curiousD.foolish26.A.responsibilityB.freedomC.instructionD.recreation27.A.state-runB.high-techC.boomingD.domestic28.A.monitorB.witnessC.maintainD.cease29.A.reluctantB.supposedC.delightedD.regretful30.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.MeanwhileD.Therefore 31.A.relaxedB.withdrewC.expandedD.survived32.A.onthesceneB.behindtimeC.atalossD.inreturn33.A.hospitalsB.prisonsC.policestationD.firedepartment34.A.marketsB.communitiesC.psychologistsD.educators35.A.securedtightlyB.supportedgreatlyC.turnedupsidedownD.reformedmoreorless【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.B26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了许多学区为防止枪击事件发生，在校园安保方面投入了大量资金，这一做法引起争议。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个按钮会向紧急调度员发送一条短信，提醒学校的其他人注意潜在的危险，并激活1200磅的磁力使教室门关闭。A.reserves预订；B.sustains维持；C.activates激活；D.balances使平衡。根据句中“Thebutton”和“1,200poundsofmagnetic(磁性的)forcetokeepthedoorshut”可推知，按钮会激活1200磅的磁力来关闭教室门。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是迈克尔·鲍曼自2017年担任学区负责人以来实施的措施之一，目的是加强学区内学校的安全，防止活跃枪手的袭击。A.construct建造；B.harden使变硬，加强；C.reopen重开；D.finance提供资金。根据句中“protectagainstactiveshooters”和“hebecamesupervisorin2017”可推知，作为学区负责人，迈克尔·鲍曼采取措施是为了加强学校的安全。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他成立了一个小组来监控潜在的暴力威胁。A.potential潜在的；B.immediate立刻的；C.mental思考的；D.empty空的。根据“monitor(监控)”可知，成立的小组职责是监控环境，发现潜在的危险。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他花费了1440万美元安装了紧急警报系统，并在墙壁上安装了用来阻挡子弹的面板，所有这些都是为了帮助学生和教师在活跃的枪手袭击中幸存下来。A.stood for代表；B.dependedon依赖，依靠；C.referredto提及；D.aimedat旨在。根据句中“installingtheemergency-alertsystemandbuildingpanelsintowallsthataredesignedtostopbullets”可知，这些措施旨在帮助和保护学生和教师。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“好吧，作为一名主管，我可以告诉你，这是一个可怕的梦，”鲍曼说，他之前曾在军队服役。A.vivid生动的；B.horrible可怕的；C.curious好奇的；D.foolish愚蠢的。根据上文可知，人们报有侥幸心理，认为暴力事件不会发生在自己的学区，对于这种情况，迈克尔·鲍曼告诫人们，那是一个可怕的梦。全科免费下载公众号《高中僧课堂》故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得尽我所能是我的责任。A.responsibility责任；B.freedom自由；C.instruction指示；D.recreation娱乐。根据上文可知，迈克尔·鲍曼是学区负责人，所以他觉得尽力保护学生和老师是他的职责所在。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对枪击的恐惧使学校安保成为一个蓬勃发展的行业。A.state-run国有的；B.high-tech高科技的；C.booming繁荣的；D.domestic国内的。根据句中“Fearofshootings”和下文“Themarketforschool-securityequipmentandservicesreached$2.7billionin2017”可知，对枪击事情的恐惧让校园安保行业蓬勃发展。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年5月24日发生在德克萨斯州乌瓦尔德的校园枪击案再次引发了关于学校安全措施能否阻止大规模枪击事件的讨论。A.monitor监视；B.witness目击；C.maintain保持；D.cease终止。根据句中“whethersafetymeasuresatschools”人们讨论学校安全措施能否终止大规模枪击事件的发生。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多政客在表示不愿支持枪支安全立法后，转而辩称，加强人身安全措施是防止未来袭击的必要措施。A.reluctant不情愿的；B.supposed假定的；C.delighted高兴的；D.regretful遗憾的。根据下文“havearguedinsteadthatheightenedphysicalsecuritymeasuresarenecessarytopreventfutureattacks.”可推知，这些政客不愿支持枪支安全立法，而把希望寄托在加强人身安全措施上。故选A项。【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，专家表示，目前尚不清楚这些措施是否真的能让学校更安全。A.Instead代替；B.However然而；C.Meanwhile与此同时；D.Therefore因此。根据下文“it’snotclearthatsuchmeasuresactuallymakeschoolssafer”可知，专家表明，尚不清楚这些措施是否真的能让学校更安全，与上文政客们的愿望相悖，上下文有转折关系。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，自2012年以来，校园致命枪击事件的数量有所增加，在此期间，保护措施也有所扩大。A.relaxed放松；B.withdrew收回；C.expanded增加，扩展；D.survived幸存。根据上文“thenumberofdeadlyshootingsatschoolshasincreased”和“also”可知，校园致命枪击事件的数量的增加也导致了校园安保措施的增加。故选C项。【32题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在枪手进入学校之前，警察在乌瓦尔德和帕克兰的现场，但未能阻止这些枪击事件。A.onthescene在现场；B.behindtime逾期；C.ataloss困惑；D.inreturn作为报答。根据下文“butfailedtostopthoseshootings”可知，枪击事件发生时，驻校警察在场，而且未能成功保护学生和老师。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们增加金属探测器，观察摄像头，增加警力，积极射击训练，我们把学校变成城堡和监狱的混合体。A.hospitals医院；B.prisons监狱；C.policestation警察局；D.firedepartment消防部门。根据上文“addmetaldetectors,observationcameras,increasedpolicepresence,active-shooterdrills”可推知，教授认为学校变成了受严密监控的城堡和监狱。故选B项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管许多学区在安全方面投入了大量资金，希望能防止枪击事件发生，但一些人担心，强化学校安全最终会让教育工作者负责解决枪支暴力泛滥问题。A.markets市场；B.communities社区；C.psychologists心理学家；D.educators教育工作者。根据上文可知，学区在安全方面投入了大量资金，比如增加金属探测器，观察摄像头，增加警力，进行积极射击训练，这些措施最终把学校变成了城堡和监狱，这也会让教育工作者站到了解决枪支暴力泛滥问题的前沿。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：学校被培训和新的程序搞得天翻地覆。A.securedtightly严密保护；B.supportedgreatly极大地支持；C.turnedupsidedown天翻地覆；D.reformedmoreorless 或多或少改的革。根据上文可知，因为安保，学校变成了配有各式安保设施的城堡和监狱，所以学校被搞得天翻地覆。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“It’sawindydayinLagunaSanIgnacio,andthewavesseemtocomefromalldirections,”saidSaraClemenceinBloombergBusinessweek.MychildrenandIareridingona18-footboat—smallenoughthatwecanreachdownintothewaterifagraywhaleswimsupalongside.Andthenweseewhatwe’vecomefor:aheart-shapedshowerofwaterandadarkmassrushingbelowit.Asinstructed,wesplash(溅泼)thewaterstronglytosignalthehugewhale,whichturnsouttobeamotherwithherweeks-oldbaby.Thebabysoonswimsbeneathourboat,emergestoblowmistinmyface,then“liesontoitssidelikea2-tonpuppy.”Leaningdown,Itoucheditsskingently.“Itfeelselectric.Also,abitlikepettingahard-boiledegg.”SanIgnacioisoneofveryfewplaceswhereapersoncanpetawhale.ThewhalescomeeachyeartothecoastofBajaCaliforniatogivebirthandtomate.Ifyou’relucky,youcan“shakehandswithaleatheryfin(鳍)”oreven“plantakissonacold,saltycheek.”Iusuallyworryaboutsuchinteractions,becausewildcreaturescanbecomedeeplystressedbyhumancontact.Butboatnumbersarestrictlylimitedintheseprotectedwaters.Andanywhalethatapproachesaboatdoessoonitsownterms.Likethatbabywhale:“Weseehimafewtimes,andheseemstolikebeingpettedandsplashed.”Sowearetwospecies,connectingthroughtouch,butalsothrougheyecontact:“Morethanonce,afternosingaroundourboat,ayounggrayturnsonitssidesoonedark,baseball-sizeeyeislookingupatus.”Whalersusedtocallgraywhales“devilfish”becausethesemagnificentcreaturesturnviolentwhenthreatened—“or,say,whentheirbabiesareharmed.”Thatmakesitfeelevenmoreofablessingwhen,onourthirddaythere,alargemamawhaleapproachestheboat.“I’msplashingwhenIfeelhernosepressupintomyhand.”Thoughshe’s“wiserandapparentlymorealert”thanherchild,“shestilldecidestotrustus.”36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage? A.Thewriterwasonawhale-touchingtrip.B.Thewriter’sboatwentdownwithahugewave.C.Thebabywhalesplashedwateralloverthewriter.D.Themotherwhale’sskinfeltashardasaboiledegg.37.By“doessoonitsownterms”(inparagraph2),thewritermeanswhalesinSanIgnacioare______.A.madwithtoomanyvisitorsB.readyforhands-onattentionC.restrictedinswimmingroutesD.enclosedintheirsafetyzones38.Graywhalesgotthenameof“devilfish”fromtheir______.A.strangeappearanceB.inbornviolenceC.surprisinglyenormoussizeD.fiercenessindanger39.Thewriter’simpliedpurposeinthepassageisto______.A.popularizetheknowledgeofwhalesB.showadmirationforwhales’motherhoodC.shareanexperienceoftheseavoyageD.advocateharmonybetweenmanandnature【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.D【解析】【导语】本文是篇记叙文。SanIgnacio是少数几个人们可以抚摸鲸鱼的地方之一，文章讲述了作者和孩子在SanIgnacio的一段和鲸鱼互动的海上之旅，展现了人与自然界的和谐共处。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“MychildrenandIareridingona18-footboat—smallenoughthatwecanreachdownintothewaterifagraywhaleswimsupalongside.”（我和孩子们驾驶着一艘18英尺长的船--船小到如果有灰鲸游过来，我们可以够到水里。）和第二段“SanIgnacioisoneofveryfewplaceswhereapersoncanpetawhale.”（SanIgnacio是少数几个人们可以抚摸鲸鱼的地方之一）可知，作者和孩子正在SanIgnacio进行一次接触鲸鱼的旅行。故选A。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Ifyou’relucky,youcan“shakehandswithaleatheryfin(鳍)”oreven“plantakissonacold,saltycheek””（如果幸运的话，你还可以“和一只似皮革的鳍握手”，甚至“在冰冷咸咸的脸颊上亲吻一下”）和“heseemstolikebeingpettedandsplashed” （他似乎喜欢被爱抚，被泼水）可知，在SanIgnacio的鲸鱼对人们的触摸比较接受，也对这种触摸式的关注有了准备。故选B。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Whalersusedtocallgraywhales“devilfish”becausethesemagnificentcreaturesturnviolentwhenthreatened”（捕鲸者过去称灰鲸为“魔鬼鱼”，因为这种巨大的生物在受到威胁时会变得暴力）可知，灰鲸因为在危险中的凶悍和暴力而被称为“魔鬼鱼”。故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Itoucheditsskingently.”（我温柔地摸着它的皮肤）和第二段“heseemstolikebeingpettedandsplashed”（他好像很喜欢被抚摸和泼水）及最后一段“shestilldecidestotrustus.”（她仍然决定相信我们）并结合全文内容可知，文章通过描述作者和孩子的一段与鲸鱼互动的海上之旅，想要展现人与自然和谐共处的场景，所以文章隐含的目的是提倡人与自然和谐相处。故选D。(B)TECHNOLOGYSIMPLIFIED—BIGGERANDBETTERWOWCOMPUTER!Easytoread.Easytosee.Easytouse.Justplugitin!“Ilovethiscomputer!Itiseasytoreadandtouse!Igetphotoupdatesfrommychildrenandgrandchildrenallthetime.”–JanetF.NEWNowcomeswith… EnhancedVideoChatFasterEmailLarger22-inchhi-resolutionscreen—easiertosee16%moreviewingareaSimplenavigation—soyounevergetlostIntel®processor—lightningfastComputerisinthemonitor—NobulkytowerTexttoSpeechtranslation—itcanevenreadyouremailstoyou!U.S.BasedCustomerServiceHaveyoueversaidtoyourself“I’dlovetogetacomputer,ifonlyIcouldfigureouthowtouseit.”Well,you’renotalone.Computersweresupposedtomakeourlivessimpler,butthey’vegottensocomplicatedthattheyarenotworththetrouble.Ifthissoundsfamiliar,wehavegreatnewsforyou.Thereisfinallyacomputerthat’sdesignedforsimplicityandeaseofuse.It’stheWOWComputer,anditwasdesignedwithyouinmind.Fromthemomentyouopenthebox,you’llrealizehowdifferenttheWOWComputeris.Thecomponentsareallconnected;allyoudoisplugitintoanoutletandyourhigh-speedInternetconnection.Thenyou’llseethescreen—it’snow22inches.Thisisacompletelynewtouchscreensystem.The“buttons”onthescreenareeasytoseeandeasytounderstand.Allyoudoistouchoneofthem,fromtheWeb,Email,CalendartoGames—younameit...andanewscreenopensup.Callnowandyou’llfindoutwhytensofthousandsofsatisfiedseniorsarenowenjoyingtheirWOWComputers,emailingtheirgrandchildren,andexperiencingeverythingtheInternethastooffer.Calltoday!•Send&ReceiveEmails•Havevideochatswithfamilyandfriends•SurftheInternet:Getcurrentweatherandnews•PlaygamesOnline:Hundredstochoosefrom!CallnowtollfreeandfindouthowyoucangetthenewWOW!Computer.Mentionpromotionalcode117238forintroductorypricing.1-888-864-0512FREEAutomaticSoftwareUpdates40.By“…,anditwasdesignedwithyouinmind”,thewritermostprobablymeansthattheWOWComputeris______. A.designedbyseniorswithgreatmindsB.designedforseniorswithoutenoughbrainsC.tailoredspeciallytotheelderly’sneedsD.madetoeasetheelderly’sfinancialburdens41.Mary,a77-year-oldladywithpooreye-sight,decidestobuyaWOWComputermostprobablyforallthereasonsexceptthat______.A.itcanevenreademailstotheusersB.ithasa22-inchhi-resolutionscreenC.ithashundredsofonlinegamestochoosefromD.itsbuttonsareeasytoseeandunderstand42.WhichofthefollowingisthesellingpointoftheWOWComputer?A.Low-chargeSoftwareupdates.B.Noput-togethertask.C.Lightning-fastMicrosoftprocessors.D.Discountedintroductoryprice.【答案】40.C41.A42.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了WOW电脑的优点，性能和卖点。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据表格左部分，第三个表格中第一段中“Computersweresupposedtomakeourlivessimpler,butthey’vegottensocomplicatedthattheyarenotworththetrouble.Ifthissoundsfamiliar,wehavegreatnewsforyou.Thereisfinallyacomputerthat’sdesignedforsimplicityandeaseofuse.It’stheWOWComputer,anditwasdesignedwithyouinmind.(计算机本应使我们的生活更简单，但它们已经变得如此复杂，以至于不值得为它们费心。如果这听起来很熟悉，我们有好消息要告诉你。终于有了一款设计简单易用的电脑。这是WOW电脑，它是为你而设计的)”以及第三段中“Callnow,andyou’llfindoutwhytensofthousandsofsatisfiedseniorsarenowenjoyingtheirWOWComputers,emailingtheirgrandchildren,andexperiencingeverythingtheInternethastooffer.(现在打电话，你会发现为什么成千上万的老年人现在正在享受他们的WOW电脑，给他们的孙子孙女发电子邮件，体验互联网所提供的一切)”可推知，作者最有可能的意思是WOW电脑是专为老年人量身定做的。故选C项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据表格左部分，第三个表格中第二段中“Thenyou’llseethescreen—it’snow22 inches.Thisisacompletelynewtouchscreensystem.The“buttons”onthescreenareeasytoseeandeasytounderstand.Allyoudoistouchoneofthem,fromtheWeb,Email,CalendartoGames(然后你会看到屏幕——现在是22英寸。这是一个全新触摸屏系统。屏幕上的“按钮”很容易看到和理解。你所要做的就是触摸其中一个，从网页、电子邮件、日历到游戏)”以及小黑点部分“Send&ReceiveEmails(发送和接收邮件)”和“PlaygamesOnline:Hundredstochoosefrom!(在线玩游戏:数百个选择!)”可知WOW电脑只能发送和接收邮件，而不能读邮件给使用者，所以玛丽，一个77岁的老太太，视力不好，不会因为它能读邮件给使用者而决定买一台WOW电脑。故选A项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据表格右部分，最下方表格“FREE：AutomaticSoftwareUpdates(免费的软件自动更新)”可知，软件更新是免费的，所以A项错误。B项文中没有提及，所以错误。根据表格右部分NEW部分中“Intel®processor—lightningfast(英特尔®处理器-闪电般的速度)”可知，C项错误。再根据表格左部分，第三个表格中最后一段“Mentionpromotionalcode117238forintroductorypricing.(在介绍价格时，请注明促销代码117238)”可知，有促销价格是它的一个卖点。故选D项。(C)InthefilmInsideOut,11-year-oldRiley’semotionsarepersonifiedasbrightlycoloredinternalfiguresthatdriveherbehaviors.Thesamefiveemotions—anger,fear,disgust(憎恶),sadness,andjoy—appearineveryothercharacter’sheadaswell,functioninginmuchthesamewayineachindividual.InWesterncultures,thisisthecase,arguespsychologistBatjaMesquitainBetweenUs.Emotionsinsuchcontexts,shewrites,areconsidered“MINE,”or“Mental,INsidetheperson,andEssentialist,”thelatterdefinedinthebookasalwayshavingthesameproperties.Thisconceptionofemotionisnotuniversal,however.Emotionselsewhere,sheargues,arethoughtofas“OURS”—“OUtsidetheperson,Relational,andSituated.”Usingthisdistinction,Mesquitasetsaboutcontrastingemotionsin“theWest,”wheretheindividualisthetopconcern,with“theRest,”wherecommunityisprioritized.MesquitadescribesamaeasacentralemotioninJapaneseculture,whereitbuildsinterdependencebyencouragingtoleranceinparentingprocess.Shedescribeshasham—whichincludesshame,embarrassment,andsocialrespectability—asafundamentalemotionforEgyptianBedouins(游牧人).Suchobservationsprovideabackgroundforhertoexplorearange ofissues,includingchildhoodsocialization,thenatureoffriendship,theroleoflanguageinshapingemotions,andcross-culturalcommunicationinaglobalizedworld.DespiteMesquita’semphasisoncross-culturalemotions,thereislittlediscussionofwhethertheMINE-OURSdichotomy(二分法)accuratelyexplainsglobalculturalvariation.Otherscholarshavenoted,forexample,thathunter-gatherersocietiesatthesametimeemphasizebothindividualself-governmentandsocialcooperation.Andinanapparentcontradictiontoherearlierarguments,MesquitaherselfultimatelyconcludesthatWesternershaveOURSemotions.Takenasawhole,however,thebookcontributesmuchtothediscussionoftheoriginsofemotions,presentingaremarkablecollectionofcross-culturalstudiesintermixedwithpersonalstoriesaboutforeignresidents’strugglestoreunitediverseemotionalandsocialworlds.Inchapter8,forexample,Mesquitadescribesanincidentwhereshe—aDutchnativelivingintheUnitedStates—bumpedintothefamousAmericanpsychologistHazelMarkusataconferenceMarkushelpedorganize.WishingtoexpressunderstandingofMarkus’sworkload,Mesquitadeclared“Youlookalittletired.”TheremarkappearedtomakeMarkusnervousandconfusedbutwasintendedasanexpressionofsympathy—tosympathizeinDutchistoacknowledgesuffering,notoffercomfortasintheUS.Thebook’stake-homemessageisfundamental:Therearenonaturalemotions,noinbornemotions,nouniversalemotions.Mesquitaarguesthatemotionsare“meaningmaking”and“apreparationforaction”andthattheideaof“emotionsasinnerstates”isaWesternconstruct.Instead,shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.43.InBetweenUs,Mesquitaindicatesthat______.A.theJapanesebuildkids’emotionofshameinparentingB.MINE-OURSdichotomyistheverycauseofcross-culturalemotionsC.emotionsoutside“theWest”areconsideredcommunity-centredD.hunter-gatherershavebothemotionsof“OURS”and“MINE”44.Wecaninferfromtheincidentinparagraph5that______.A.theemotionofsympathyistoofferhelpinDutchcultureB.foreignresidentsfromdifferentculturesusuallyuniteasoneC.asDutchMesquitashowsherpersonalityofwarmthandcaring D.cross-culturalemotionalexchangesprobablycausemisunderstanding45.WhatisMesquita’smainargumentaboutemotionsinherbook?A.Familyeducationhardlyinfluencesone’semotions.B.Socioculturalcontextslargelycontributetoemotions.C.Westernpeople’semotionshavenopropertiesofOURS.D.Internalfactorsplayavitalroleinshapinghowwefeel.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheculturallandscapeofemotionsB.TheculturaloriginofemotionsC.TheculturalconventionofemotionsD.Theculturalshockofemotions【答案】43.C44.D45.B46.B【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对书籍“InBetweenUs”中关于情感的描述，介绍了作者——心理学家Mesquita对于情感的概念和产生原因的理解，体现了社会文化背景对情感的影响。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Usingthisdistinction,Mesquitasetsaboutcontrastingemotionsin“theWest,”wheretheindividualisthetopconcern,with“theRest,”wherecommunityisprioritized.”（利用这一区别，Mesquita开始对比“西方”和“其他国家”的情感，“西方”的个人是最受关注的，“其他国家”的社区是优先考虑的。）可知，Mesquita表明了在“西方”之外的情感被认为是以社区为中心的。故选C。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“WishingtoexpressunderstandingofMarkus’sworkload,Mesquitadeclared“Youlookalittletired.”TheremarkappearedtomakeMarkusnervousandconfusedbutwasintendedasanexpressionofsympathy--tosympathizeinDutchistoacknowledgesuffering,notoffercomfortasintheUS.”（为了表达对Markus工作量的理解，Mesquita说:“你看起来有点累。”这句话似乎让Markus感到紧张和困惑，但这是一种同情的表达——在荷兰，同情是承认痛苦，而不是像在美国那样提供安慰。）可知，Mesquita的话引起了Markus的误解，说明跨文化的情感交流可能会造成彼此之间的误解。故选D。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeople wholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）可知，Mesquita在书中的主要观点是社会文化背景在很大程度上导致了情感的产生。故选B。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Takenasawhole,however,thebookcontributesmuchtothediscussionoftheoriginsofemotions,”（然而，从整体上看，这本书对情感起源的讨论做出了很大贡献）和最后一段“shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）并结合全文内容可知，文章主要是通过Mesquita在她的书中的观点讨论了情感的文化起源。故选B。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.RobotsthatserveRobotsusedtobefoundonlyinsciencefiction.Inthe1960s,theanimated(动画片的)space-agefamilytheJetsonshadaroboticmaidwhocoulddohouseholdtasks.Inthe2014movieBigHero6,therobotBaymaxcoulddiagnoseandhealillnessesinstantly.____47____Inthefieldofmedicine,robotpatientshelptraindoctorsandnursesbypretendingtheyhaveavarietyofhealthconditions.Nowrobotsarefindingahomeinthefoodserviceindustry.Thegloballyspreaddiseaseandresultingeconomiccrisishavecreatedalackofrestaurantworkers.Sincerestaurantsdon’thaveenoughworkers,theremainingstaffmustworkharder.____48____Somebusinesspersonsarelendingahand—arobotichand—intheformofserverrobots.TheserobotsarenotexactlymodeledafterRosey,theJetsons’robotichouseholdservant,buttheyareprettycleverandverycute.Serverrobotscomeinseveraldifferentvarieties.Manyhaveadesignthatlookslikearollingcart.OnemodelnamedBellaevenhasacutecat-likeface.ManyarefairlyshortandshapedlikeR2D2ofStarWarsfame.Theyaredesignedtodeliverdishestocustomersinarestaurant.Theyarealsojusttherightheightforcustomerstoeasilyreachthem.____49____Theycannotonlydeliverdeliciousfoodtohungrycustomers,butalsogetbackdirtydishesattheendofthemeal. ____50____Concerningtheprice,aserverrobotcostsfromafewthousandtoseveralthousanddollars.Andin2021,arestaurantevenrentedoneforaslowasUS$15perday.Regardingsafety,specialsensorsontherobotskeepthemfromcrashingintocustomers.Becausetherearen’tenoughrestaurantworkers,fillingpositionswiththeseroboticserversisano-brainer.Don’tbesurprisedifyouseeonerollinguptoyourtablesoon.A.Typically,theirdeliverieshavetooccurwithin30seconds.B.Perhapsyou’rewonderingaboutissuessuchasthecostandsafetyfactors.C.Inrealliferobotsfunctioninmanymanufacturingandhouseholdsituations.D.Regardless,customersfacelongerwaittimes,fewermenuchoicesandhigherprices.E.Serverrobotsareplannedtobegivennewfunctions,suchasperformingandholdingconversationswithcustomers.F.Restaurantownersarefindingserverrobotsidealforperformingrepetitivetasks,howevermanythereare.【答案】47.C48.D49.F50.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器人正在食品服务业找到归宿。【47题详解】上文“Robotsusedtobefoundonlyinsciencefiction.(机器人过去只在科幻小说中出现)”说明过去机器人只出现在科幻小说中，以及下文“Inthefieldofmedicine,robotpatientshelptraindoctorsandnursesbypretendingtheyhaveavarietyofhealthconditions.Nowrobotsarefindingahomeinthefoodserviceindustry.(在医学领域，机器人患者通过假装自己有各种健康状况来帮助培训医生和护士。现在，机器人正在食品服务业找到归宿)”说明现在机器人在现实生活中发挥作用，C项“在现实生活中，机器人在许多制造和家庭环境中发挥作用。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。【48题详解】上文“Thegloballyspreaddiseaseandresultingeconomiccrisishavecreatedalackofrestaurantworkers.Sincerestaurantsdon’thaveenoughworkers,theremainingstaffmustworkharder.(全球蔓延的疾病和由此引发的经济危机造成了餐馆员工的短缺。由于餐馆没有足够的员工，剩下的员工必须更加努力)”说明餐馆面临员工短缺问题，D项“无论如何，顾客面临着更长的等待时间、更少的菜单选择和更高的价格。”说明员工短缺导致的问题，承接上文，符合题意。 故选D。【49题详解】下文“Theycannotonlydeliverdeliciousfoodtohungrycustomers,butalsogetbackdirtydishesattheendofthemeal.(它们不仅可以为饥饿的顾客传送美味的食物，还可以在用餐结束时取回脏盘子)”说明机器人可以做的具体工作，句中They指代“服务机器人”，结合常识，在餐馆里，传送食物和用餐结束取回脏盘子是重复性任务，并且这种任务很多，F项“餐馆老板发现服务机器人非常适合执行重复性任务，尽管任务有很多。”说明服务机器人适合执行下文提及的任务，符合题意。故选F。【50题详解】下文“Concerningtheprice,aserverrobotcostsfromafewthousandtoseveralthousanddollars.(关于价格，服务机器人的价格从几千美元到几千美元不等)”以及“Regardingsafety,specialsensorsontherobotskeepthemfromcrashingintocustomers.(关于安全，机器人上的特殊传感器会防止它们撞到顾客)”说明有关服务机器人的价格和安全的问题，B项“也许你想知道成本和安全因素等问题。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.MenmayeatmoreinsummerWintermaybeseenasthetimetofillupwithfood,butinfact,sunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories—unlikewomen.Theeffectseemstooccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormone(激素),saysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.Levyandhercolleaguesnoticedtheeffectinexperimentsinmice,inwhichmaleanimalsexposedtoUVlight(紫外线)atemorefood.Toseeifhumansdothesame,theteamuseddataonabout3000peoplewhohadfilledinquestionnairesaspartoftheIsraeligovernment’snationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.BetweenMarchandSeptember,themenconsumedabout17percentmorecaloriesperdaythantheydidduringtherestoftheyear,whilethewomen’sfoodintakestayedaboutthesame.Humanappetiteisinfluencedbymanycomplexsystems,butasubstancecalledghrelin,ahormoneproducedinthebodythatstimulatesappetite,seemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating.Itwasthoughttobemainlyproducedbythestomachwhenempty.“Ittellsthebrain toeatmore,”saysCarolineGorvinattheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.FurtherinvestigationrevealedthatexposingmalemicetoUVB(紫外线B段波)radiation,whichispresentinsunlight,raisedlevelsofghrelinproductionbyfatcellsintheirskin.Thiswasblockedbythefemalesexhormone,whichmayexplainwhytheeffectwasn’tseeninthefemalemiceorthewomen.Boostedghrelinproductionwasalsoseeninmen’sskinsamplesthatwereexposedtoUVlightinthelab.Skinhasn’tpreviouslybeenthoughttoplayaroleinappetite,saysGorvin.Thereasonfortheeffectisunclear,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuelgreaterphysicalactivityinsummer,saysLevy._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Duringsunnysummermonths,maleseatmore,accordingtoagovernment’ssurvey.Maybesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormone,calledghrelinwhichcoulddirectlystimulateseating.FurtherinvestigationevenfoundthatghrelinproductionincreasedsharplyinmalemiceandmenexposedtoUVBradiation.Possibly,itistoadjusttogreaterphysicalactivityinsummer.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了政府的调查显示和女性不同，男性在夏天会吃的更多。原因可能是因为阳光会导致皮肤释放一种叫做生长激素释放肽的荷尔蒙，能刺激胃口。并且，研究表明暴露于紫外线B段波辐射的雄性小鼠和男性皮肤中的生长激素释放肽释放的激增。科研人员说这可能也是身体对夏天男性的身体活动需要摄取更多的食物所做出的适应性变化。【详解】1.要点摘录①Wintermaybeseenasthetimetofillupwithfood,butinfact,sunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories—unlikewomen.②Theeffectseemstooccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormone(激素)saysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael. ③Toseeifhumansdothesame,theteamuseddataonabout3000peoplewhohadfilledinquestionnairesaspartoftheIsraeligovernment’snationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.④Humanappetiteisinfluencedbymanycomplexsystems,butasubstancecalledghrelin,ahormoneproducedinthebodythatstimulatesappetite,seemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating.⑤FurtherinvestigationrevealedthatexposingmalemicetoUVB(紫外线B段波)radiation,whichispresentinsunlight,raisedlevelsofghrelinproductionbyfatcellsintheirskin.Boostedghrelinproductionwasalsoseeninmen’sskinsamplesthatwereexposedtoUVlightinthelab.⑥Skinhasn’tpreviouslybeenthoughttoplayaroleinappetite,saysGorvin.Thereasonfortheeffectisunclear,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuelgreaterphysicalactivityinsummer,saysLevy.2.缜密构思将第1、3两个要点进行整合，将第2、4两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组。3.遣词造句Duringsunnysummermonths,maleseatmore,accordingtoagovernment’ssurvey.Maybesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormone,calledghrelinwhichcoulddirectlystimulateseating.FurtherinvestigationevenfoundthatghrelinproductionincreasedsharplyinmalemiceandmenexposedtoUVBradiation.Possibly,itistoadjusttogreaterphysicalactivityinsummer.【点睛】[高分句型1]Maybesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormone,calledghrelinwhichcoulddirectlystimulateseating.（运用which引导定语从句）[高分句型2]FurtherinvestigationevenfoundthatghrelinproductionincreasedsharplyinmalemiceandmenexposedtoUVBradiation.（运用了that引导宾语从句）V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.用过的竹筷可以制成风格独特的地板。(make)(汉译英)【答案】Usedbamboochopstickscanbemadeintoauniquestyleofflooring.【解析】【详解】考查动词时态语态和短语。表示“用过的竹筷”Usedbamboochopsticks，used 为形容词修饰bamboochopsticks,chopstick应用复数形式；表示“制成”用短语“bemadeinto”；表示风格独特的地板用“uniquestyleofflooring”,astyleof意为“一种风格”，of为介词，后面用flooring,故翻译为Usedbamboochopstickscanbemadeintoauniquestyleofflooring.53.妈妈把雨伞放在门口，以便女儿离家时记得带走。(inorderthat)(汉译英)【答案】Themotherlefttheumbrellaatthedoorinorderthatherdaughterwouldremembertotakeitwithherwhenshelefthome.【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。主句主语“妈妈”themother，“把某物放在门口”leavesth.atthedoor，主句描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式left；“以便于”应用inorderthat引导目的状语从句，从句主语“女儿”herdaughter，“记得做某事”remembertodosth.，从句表示从过去某一时间看，即将发生的动作，应用过去将来时，即wouldremember，“带走它”takeit，“离家时”使用when引导时间状语从句，从句主语“她”she，“离家”leavehome，从句使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式left。故翻译为Themotherlefttheumbrellaatthedoorinorderthatherdaughterwouldremembertotakeitwithherwhenshelefthome.54.玛丽就是想给其他在场的人以勇气，让他们不顾重重困难，继续实现自己的梦想。(regardless)(汉译英)【答案】Maryjustwantedtogivetheotherpeopleherethecouragetocontinuetoachievetheirdreamsregardlessofallthedifficulties.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。主语为Mary；表示“就是想给其他在场的人以勇气”翻译为justwanttogivetheotherpeopleherethecourage；表示“让他们不顾重重困难，继续实现自己的梦想”翻译为tocontinuetoachievetheirdreamsregardlessofallthedifficulties；句子用一般过去时。故翻译为Maryjustwantedtogivetheotherpeopleherethecouragetocontinuetoachievetheirdreamsregardlessofallthedifficulties.55.据说不管老师怎么热情鼓励，小明就是不敢再坐上那个让他摔了一跤的秋千。(It)(汉译英)【答案】Itissaidthatnomatterhowenthusiasticallytheteacherencouragedhim,XiaoMingdidn’tdaretositontheswingwherehefell.【解析】【详解】 考查固定句式、副词、动词和定语从句等。根据汉语句意可知，表示“据说……”可用Itissaidthat句式；表示“无论老师怎么热情鼓励”可用nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句，表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，即nomatterhowenthusiasticallytheteacherencouragedhim；表示“不敢……”可用don’tdaretodosth，为过去时，应用didn’tdareto；表示“坐上秋千”可用短语sitontheswing；表示“那个让他摔了一跤的秋千”可处理为先行词为swing的定语从句，即theswingwherehefell。整句翻译为“Itissaidthatnomatterhowenthusiasticallytheteacherencouragedhim,XiaoMingdidn’tdaretositontheswingwherehefell.”。故翻译为Itissaidthatnomatterhowenthusiasticallytheteacherencouragedhim,XiaoMingdidn’tdaretositontheswingwherehefell.。VI.GuidedWriting56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学的高三学生李华。学校为了帮助学生减压，拟从以下三种形式中选择其一：午睡三十分钟，设立“音乐角”和开设瑜伽(Yoga)课程。现听取全校学生的意见。请给负责的王老师写封邮件，内容须包括：1)你的选择；2)你的理由。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearMr.Wang,Ichosethemusiccornerasmyfirstchoiceforrelievingthestressfromstudies.It’sanhonortosharemyopinionaboutmusicwithyou.Musicmakesgreatdifferencetoourlife.Musiccannotonlymakeusrelaxedandrefreshedwheneverwearetired,butitcanstimulateuswhenweareconfrontedwithdifficulties.Besides,musicenablesustogaininsightintoothercultures.Asforme,Ipreferpopmusicandclassicalmusic.IamalwaysingoodmoodaslongasIplaypopmusic.WhenIhaveahardtimedealingwithstress,Ichoosepeacefulandbeautifulclassicalmusic, whichcalmsmedownandimprovesmymood.Inconclusion,musicplaysanimportantroleinmylife.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是明启中学的高三学生李华。学校为了帮助学生减压，拟从以下三种形式中选择其一：午睡三十分钟，设立“音乐角”和开设瑜伽(Yoga)课程。现听取全校学生的意见。【详解】1.词汇积累疲劳的：betired→bewornout面对：beconfrontedwith→befacedwith此外：besides→what’smore总之：inconclusion→allinall2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：It’sanhonortobeheretosharemyopinionaboutmusicwithyou.拓展句：It’sanhonorthatIcansharemyopinionaboutmusicwithyouhere.【点睛】【高分句型1】WhenIhaveahardtimedealingwithstress,Ichoosepeacefulandbeautifulclassicalmusic,whichcalmsmedownandimprovesmemood.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】IamalwaysingoodmoodaslongasIplaypopmusic.（运用了aslongas引导的条件状语从句）