广东省 2022-2023学年高三英语上学期综合测试（一）试卷（Word版附解析）

广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期综合测试英语试题一本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADoyourememberthefirststop-motionmovie,withagalloping(飞奔)horse?EadweardMuybridgemadeitin1872,andthefunnythingis—thefirststop-motionmoviewasmadebecauseofabet.Thequestionwas:doallfourofthehorse’shooves(蹄)leavethegroundatthesametimeatanypointofthegallop?AndLelandStanford,thefounderoftheStanfordUniversity,hiredMuybridgetohelphimsettlethebet.Stanfordclaimedthat,atsomepointofthegallop,allfourofthehorse’shoovesareintheair.Someofhiscolleaguestookacommonstandthatonefootisalwaysontheground.Itwasapopularlydebatedquestionofthetime,anditwasMuybridge’stasktoprovidetheanswerusinghisphotographicknowledge.Now,youcanimaginethatcamerasin1872couldn’treallycapturethethingsmovingquickly.Moviecamerasstilldidn’texist,soitwasoutofthequestion.So,Muybridgehadtogetcreative.Heexperimentedwithasetof12cameras.Heusedthemtophotographagallopinghorseinaseriesofshots.HisinitialeffortsseemedtoprovethatStanfordwasright,buthestilldidn’thavetheprocessperfected.In1878,Muybridgeraisedhiscreativityandskillonanewlevel.Hesettwelvewiredtriggers(触发器)connectedtoshutters(快门)forcameras.Heplacedthemevenlyalongtheracetracktocapturethegallopinghorse.Asthehorsegallopedtheracetrack,itsetoffthetriggersandmadeeverycameratakeaphotowithlessthanhalfaseconddifference.ThephotosshowedthatLelandStanfordwasright,andobviously,hewonthebet.Butthisinventionwasawinningsituationforallofus.Muybridgelaterinventedazoopraxiscope,whichwasabitliketheGIFsthatpeoplenowpostonsocialmediaandisconsideredanearlydevicefordisplayingmotionpictures.Thankstophotographyandhisinvention,thecinemawasborn. 1.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheinventionofthefirststop-motionmovie?A.Difficult.B.Unexpected.C.Serious.D.Interesting.2.WhydidMuybridgehavetobecreative?A.Becausehewaslackingindevices.B.Becausehewasafraidoffailure.C.Becausehewasshortofexperience.D.Becausehewasinterestedinexperiment.3.WhatcanweknowaboutMuybridge’sexperiment?A.Twelvehorsesgallopedatthesametime.B.MuybridgeinventedGIFintheexperiment.C.Onecamerawasusedtotakephotosinthefirstattempt.D.Thetriggersweresetoffbythehorseinthesecondattempt.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.Aspecialhistoryofcinema.B.Apopularstudyabouthorses.C.Abetinspiredthebirthofcinema.D.Aquestionledtogreatexperiments.【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Doyourememberthefirststop-motionmovie,withagalloping(飞奔)horse?EadweardMuybridgemadeitin1872,andthefunnythingis—thefirststop-motionmoviewasmadebecauseofabet.(你还记得第一部有一匹疾驰的马的定格电影吗？埃德沃德·迈布里奇在1872年拍摄了这部电影，有趣的是——第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的)”可知，第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。故对于第一部定格电影的产生是因为一个打赌而拍摄的，这是意想不到的。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Now,youcanimaginethatcamerasin1872couldn’treallycapturethethingsmovingquickly.Moviecamerasstilldidn’texist,soitwasoutofthequestion.So,Muybridge hadtogetcreative.(现在，你可以想象1872年的相机无法真正捕捉到快速移动的物体。电影摄像机还不存在，所以这是不可能的。所以Muybridge必须要有创意)”可知，在当时缺乏拍摄设备的背景下，Muybridge创作了此部电影。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In1878,Muybridgeraisedhiscreativityandskillonanewlevel.Hesettwelvewiredtriggers(触发器)connectedtoshutters(快门)forcameras.Heplacedthemevenlyalongtheracetracktocapturethegallopinghorse.Asthehorsegallopedtheracetrack,itsetoffthetriggersandmadeeverycameratakeaphotowithlessthanhalfaseconddifference.(1878年，迈布里奇将他的创造力和技巧提高到了一个新的水平。他设置了12个连接相机快门的有线触发器。他把它们均匀地放在跑道上，以便捕捉飞奔的马。当这匹马在跑道上飞奔时，它触发了触发器，使每个相机拍摄的照片相差不到半秒)”可知，相机的在线触发器是由马触发的。故选D。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时文章介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。故C项“一场赌博激发了电影的诞生”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。BAcharacterinoneofShakespeare’splaysoncesaid,“Someareborngreat,someachievegreatness,andsomehavegreatnessthrustuponthem.”Anyofthesecouldapplytothemodern-daysportsmen.Manystillargueaboutthenatureoftalent.Someclaimthatpeopleareborntobesportsmen,whileotherssayitisonlythroughdevotionandhardworkthattheyachievetheirabilities.Arguablythough,itisnotuntiltheirtalentsareacknowledged(认可)bythepublicthattheytrulyhavegreatnessfallenuponthem.Withthisacknowledgementoftheir“greatness”comeallthetrappingsofmodern-daycelebrity:money,power,influenceandresponsibility.Forbetterorforworse,likeitorhateit,modernsportsmenaretherolemodelsofchildreneverywhere.Thesechildrenwillgrowupadmiringtheirheroes,devotingtheirlivestocopyingtheireverymove,andwantingabovealltobelikethem.Duetothisfascination,particularlywiththemassiveinfluenceofthemedia,itismoreimportantthaneverforthesesportsmentoacknowledgetheirresponsibility.Inthepastfewmonthsalone,therehavebeenmanyexamplesofquestionablebehaviorsfrom sportsstarsofthepresentday.Theyareoftenmirroringtheveryworstaspectsofsociety,afactthattheself-righteous(自以为是的)angerofthemodernpresshasbeenquicktopointout.Itwouldbewrongforustoexpectsportsmentobeperfect.Itwouldalsobewrongforustothinkthattheirbehaviorismarkedlydifferentfromthesportsmentheygrewupwatching,butwiththeall-seeingeyeofmodernmediaitisadifferentworld,anddifferentstandardsmustbeexpected.Ofcourse,thereisnodutyforsportsmentobegoodrolemodels.Therearenoprisonsentences,nofines,nocommunityservice—unlesstheirbehaviorsareillegal.Unlesstheybreakthelaw,itisentirelyuptothemastowhetherornottheythinktheirbehaviorisappropriate.Furthermore,measuringthetrueinfluencetheirdecisionshaveontheirfollowersisabsolutelyimpossible.Somewillriseagainsttheiridols,seeingtheminanewlightandcriticizingtheiractions.Othersmaycopytheirheroes’actions,usingthemasashieldwhenaccusedofthesamecrimes.Itiswithoutdoubtthattheactionsofsportsmenwillinfluencethelivesofthosewhoworshipthem.Moderndaysportsmenarealmostidealsoftoday’sworld,andtheiractionsarewatchedcarefullybymillionsovertheworld.Somemaycomplainagainstit,denyingtheirinfluenceonthesechildren’slives.Othersmaybeawareofitbutnotrespectit,whilemanymaybothbeawareofitandrespectit.Inaword,youdonotchoosewhetheryouarearolemodel.Allyoucandoistodecidehowtoactwhengreatnessisthrustuponyou.5.InParagraph1,theauthortriestoemphasize______.A.sportsmenbecomegreatwhentheirgiftsarerecognizedbypeopleB.sportsmenachievegreatnessthroughtheirdevotionandeffortsC.differentwaysforsportsmentoachievesuccessandgreatnessD.thecorecharacteristictobecomegreatsportsmennowadays6.AccordingtoParagraph4,wecanlearnthat______.A.rolemodelsusuallyhavepositiveinfluenceontheirfansB.sportsmenhavetherighttobehavefreelywithinthelawC.allthefanswillfollowtheirheroes’actionsD.nodutyisgiventosportsmen7.Theunderlinedphrasethrustuponinparagraph1mostprobablymeans______.A.putoffB.removedfromC.relatedtoD.forcedon8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage? A.Toadvisethemediatochoosepropereventstoreport.B.Toinformthepublicthatsportsmenarenorolemodels.C.Toremindthesportsmenoftheirsocialresponsibilities.D.Toarguethatsportsmenshouldnotbeexpectedasheroes.【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，很多有名的运动员成为孩子的偶像，他们的言行对崇拜他们的人有很大影响，因此应注意自身的言行，履行社会责任。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Arguablythough,itisnotuntiltheirtalentsareacknowledged(认可)bythepublicthattheytrulyhavegreatnessfallenuponthem.(然而，尽管有争议，直到他们的才能得到公众的认可，他们才真正伟大。)”可知，第一段试图强调运动员的天赋被人们认可时才会变得伟大。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Ofcoursethereisnoobligationforsportsmentobegoodrolemodels.Therearenoprisonsentences,nofines,nocommunityservice—unlesstheirbehaviorsareillegal.(当然，运动员没有义务成为好榜样。没有监禁判决，没有罚款，没有社区服务——除非他们的行为是违法的。)”可知，运动员有在法律范围内自由行动的权利。故选B。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“Someareborngreat，someachievegreatness(有些人生来伟大，有些人通过努力获得伟大)”可知，划线短语所在句“andsomehavegreatnessthrustuponthem”是讲述另一种变得伟大的方式，应是“被迫变得伟大”，所以thrustupon意为“被迫，强加于”。故选D。【8题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段最后一句“Duetothisfascination,particularlywiththemassiveinfluenceofthemedia,itismoreimportantthaneverforthesesportsmentoacknowledgetheirresponsibility.(由于这种迷恋，尤其是媒体的巨大影响，对这些运动员来说，承认他们的责任比以往任何时候都重要。)”可知，本文主要讲述运动员成为很多人的偶像，他们的行为影响着崇拜他们的人，所以本文的目的是提醒运动员他们所承担的社会责任。故选C。C Washingclothesbyhandsoundslikeasimpletask,butformanywomenaroundtheworlditcandoharmtotheirwell-beingandliving.Whatwouldyoudowithyourtimeifyoucouldspendlesstimewashingyourclothes?“Paidwork,”repliedAleas,a49-year-oldwomanfromafamilyof10withnoaccesstoanelectricwashingmachine.Shespent8-12hourseveryweekwashingeveryone’sclothesbyhandanddescribedhowtherequiredbodypositionofsittingonherfeetcausedherbackpain.WashingMachineProjectprovideslow-incomecommunitieswithanaccessiblewashingsolution.Itstaskistohelpwomensavethetimetotakechargeoftheirlives.“Amotherorachilddoesn’thavetospend20hoursaweekwashingclothesbyhand,”saidNavSawhney,anengineeringstudentatUniversityofBathintheUK.Sawhneyhascreatedamovablewashingmachinethatisoperatedbyhand.HecameupwiththeideawhenDivya,awomanhemetinsouthernIndia,explainedthestruggleofwashingclotheswithoutamachine.Thisburdenisoftenshoulderedbywomenandgirlsinmanydevelopingcountries.Now,Sawhney’swashingmachines,whichhenamedDivyaafterthewoman,couldgreatlyreducethetimeofwashingclothesandallowwomenandyounggirlstoreceiveeducationandhavepaidwork.AfterresearchinIraq,Lebanon,thePhilippinesandJordan,aswellasIndia,Sawhneycameupwithamachinethatusesonly10litersofwatereverytime,comparedwith30byatypicalelectricmachine,extremelyimportantinplaceswherewaterisshort.It’salsomadeoutofthingsthatareeasytogetandreplace,whichmeansitdoesn’tneedmuchmoneytomakeit.SawhneyandhisvolunteerswonthesupportofUniversityofBath,andalreadyreceivedordersfromKenya,NigeriaandUganda.9.WhatdoeswashingclothesbyhandmeantoAleas?A.Ahardwayofmakingaliving.B.Asimplemethodofkillingtime.C.Thetiringhouseworkshehastodo.D.Thefamilydutyshevolunteerstodo.10.WhywasthewashingmachinenamedafterDivya?A.Sheinspiredtheinvention.B.Shehelpedwiththedesign.C.Shewasthefirsttoorderit.D.Shethoughtuptheideafirst.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewashingmachine“Divya”?A.Itischeapandwater-saving.B.ItismainlypromotedinIndia.C.Itissharedbyacommunity.D.Itisfreetouse. 12.WhatisthemainpurposeofSawhney’swashingmachines?A.Todevelopthemarketindevelopingcountries.B.Toreducewomen’sburdeninlow-incomeareas.C.Totaketheplaceoftraditionalwashingmachines.D.Towashclothesinanenvironmentally-friendlyway.【答案】9.C10.A11.A12.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述洗衣机Divya由来。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Shespent8-12hourseveryweekwashingeveryone’sclothesbyhandanddescribedhowtherequiredbodypositionofsittingonherfeetcausedherbackpain.(她每周花8-12个小时用手洗每个人的衣服，并描述了坐在脚上所需的身体姿势是如何引起背部疼痛的)”可知，对Aleas来说，用手洗衣服是她每周必做的很累的家务活。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Sawhneyhascreatedamovablewashingmachinethatisoperatedbyhand.HecameupwiththeideawhenDivya,awomanhemetinsouthernIndia,explainedthestruggleofwashingclotheswithoutamachine.Thisburdenisoftenshoulderedbywomenandgirlsinmanydevelopingcountries.Now,Sawhney’swashingmachines,whichhenamedDivyaafterthewoman,couldgreatlyreducethetimeofwashingclothesandallowwomenandyounggirlstoreceiveeducationandhavepaidwork.(Sawhney发明了一种手动操作的可移动洗衣机。当他在印度南部遇到的一位名叫Divya的女士解释不用洗衣机洗衣的困难时，他产生了这个想法。在许多发展中国家，妇女和女孩经常肩负这一重担。现在，Sawhney的洗衣机，他以这位女性的名字命名为Divya，可以大大减少洗衣时间，让女性和年轻女孩接受教育并有报酬工作)”可知，Sawhney把洗衣机以Divya的名字命名，是因为Divya对他发明洗衣机带来了灵感。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“AfterresearchinIraq,Lebanon,thePhilippinesandJordan,aswellasIndia,Sawhneycameupwithamachinethatusesonly10litersofwatereverytime,comparedwith30byatypicalelectricmachine,extremelyimportantinplaceswherewaterisshort.It’salsomadeoutofthingsthatareeasytogetandreplace,whichmeansitdoesn’tneedmuchmoneytomakeit.(经过对伊拉克、黎巴嫩、菲律宾、约旦以及印度的研究，Sawhney发明了一种每次只需10升水的机 器，相比之下，一台典型的电机每次需要30升水，这在缺水的地方非常重要。它也是由容易获得和更换的东西制成的，这意味着它不需要太多钱来制作)”可知，Sawhney发明的这款洗衣机省水并且便宜。故选A。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“WashingMachineProjectprovideslow-incomecommunitieswithanaccessiblewashingsolution.Itstaskistohelpwomensavethetimetotakechargeoftheirlives.(洗衣机项目为低收入社区提供了便捷的洗衣解决方案。它的任务是帮助女性节省时间来管理自己的生活)”可知，发明洗衣机的目的是要减少低收入社区的女性在洗衣服上所花费的时间和辛苦。故选B。DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlatelyAfriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstotunclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep."What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmy questionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype.buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.13.HowdoestheauthorfeelsaboutTobnson’sconcerns?A.Approving.B.UnconcernedC.Doubtful.D.Excited.14.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.16.Whichwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantunComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】13.A14.C15.A16.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.( 随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒)”以及最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.(但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。【15题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。故选A。【16题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”(现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.(PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子 计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.____17____Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.____18____Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-consciouswhenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.____19____Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.____20____Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercaloriespermealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.____21____Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintakejumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatail,skinnyglass.A.Slowdownwhilecooking.B.Don’tforgettheclockortheradio.C.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.D.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.E.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.F.Theydependonhowmuchtimeyouspenddesigning.GYoucanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou. 【答案】17.G18.C19.D20.B21.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了房屋的设计和布置在一定程度上决定了你的体型。想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。本文给出了保持身材的四点有关家居设计的建议：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4.用小的碗碟。【17题详解】上文“Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.(专家表示，你的家居设计方式可能会影响你是增重还是减重)”提到家居设计方式影响你是增重还是减重，下文“Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.(这里有一些方法可以把你的家变成你饮食计划的一部分)”提出了一些使家居设计辅助减重的方法，故空处应是提及可以使用家居设计辅助减重，G项“你可以让你的环境为你服务，而不是与你作对”符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】空处是段落主题句，根据本段中“Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-consciouswhenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.(黑暗的环境更有可能鼓励暴饮暴食，因为人们在光线不好的地方往往不太自觉——因此更有可能吃很多食物。如果你的家没有足够的窗户光线，买更多的灯，让这个地方充满光明)”可知，本段主要讲述黑暗的环境容易让人暴饮饮食，因此要让房间明亮一点，C项“把窗帘拉开，把灯打开”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】根据下文“Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.(在一项研究中，在蓝色房间里吃饭的人比在黄色或红色房间里吃饭的人少消耗33%。像黄色这样的暖色使食物看起来更有食欲，而冷色则使我们感到不那么饿)”可知，暖色能促进人的食欲，D项“研究表明，暖色能促进我们的食欲”符合语境。故选D。【20题详解】空处是本段主题句，根据本段中“Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.(开始记录时间，试着让晚餐至少持续30分钟)”及“Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.(如果你需要一些帮助来放慢速度，打开放松的音乐) ”可知，本段主要将要记录时间慢慢吃，还可以放一些放松的音乐，B项“不要忘记时钟或者收音机”符合语境，故选B。【21题详解】根据下文“Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.(当我们用12英寸的盘子而不是10英寸的盘子时，我们会多吃22%)”可知，大尺寸的盘子会让人吃得更多，E项“大的碗和盘子很容易让我们发胖”符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Ashepreparedtojumpoutofaplaneat7,600metres,LukeAikinscouldhardlyseehislandingarea.Aikinswastryingtojumpfromsuchaheightwithoutaparachute(降落伞).Thisis____22____(usual).Heneededtolandonahugenet(网)hungaboveadesertinsouthernCalifornia.“I’dbe____23____(lie)ifIsaidIwasn’tnervous,”Aikinssaidashegotontheplane.Thewholeprocess____24____(take)alittlemorethantwominutes,butthe42-year-oldmanpreparedtomakethejumpfortwoyears.“Itakethejumpvery____25____(serious).IhaveafamilyandI’vegotalifewithtolive.It’snot____26____joke,”hesaid.“I’maprofessionalskydiver____27____morethan18,000jumps,____28____neveroncehadIleftaplanewithoutaparachute.”Aikins’swife,____29____wasamongtheviewersbelow,watchedhimfallintothenet.Theskydiverdidnotmoveforseveral____30____(second)asthenetwasloweredtotheground.ThenAikinsstood,wavedhisarmsandhuggedhiswife.Aikinsbecamethefirst-everskydiver_____31_____(land)safelywithoutaparachute.【答案】22.unusual23.lying24.took25.seriously26a27.with28.but29.who 30.seconds31.toland【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Aikins成为第一个不背降落伞从7600米高的飞机跳下的人。【22题详解】考查形容词。句意：这是不同寻常的。句中用形容词作表语。根据“Aikinswastryingtojumpfromsuchaheightwithoutaparachute(降落伞).”可知，Aikins不背降落伞准备从7600米高的飞机跳下来，这是不同寻常的，应用形容词unusual。故填unusual。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：“如果我说我不紧张，那就是在撒谎，”Aikins在上飞机时说。句中用形容词lying“说谎的”，作表语。故填lying。【24题详解】考查时态。句意：整个过程花了两分钟多一点，但这位42岁的男子准备了两年多的时间。这里是描述过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时。故填took。【25题详解】考查副词。句意：我非常认真地对待这次跳伞。此处修饰代词take，应用副词seriously“认真地”，作状语。故填seriously。【26题详解】考查冠词。句意：这不是一个玩笑。名词joke为可数名词，泛指，且为辅音音素开头的词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。【27题详解】考查介词。句意：我是一名职业跳伞者，跳过18000多次，但我从来没有不带降落伞离开过飞机。“with+名词”是介词短语，可以充当后置定语、表语或状语。故填with。【28题详解】考查连词。句意：我是一名职业跳伞者，跳过18000多次，但我从来没有不带降落伞离开过飞机。前后两句之间存在意义上的转折关系，应用but。故填but。【29题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Aikins的妻子是下面的观众之一，她看着他掉进了网里。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Aikins’swife，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who 引导。故填who。【30题详解】考查名词副数。句意：当网被拉到地面上时，跳伞者有几秒钟没有动。second“秒”是可数名词，由several修饰，应用复数形式。故填seconds。【31题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Aikins成为第一个不用降落伞就能安全着陆的跳伞者。名词前有序数词修饰时，后面要跟不定式作定语。故填toland。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)32.假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。近日你收到你的英国笔友Jim的来信，他跟你一样也刚进入新的高中学习，感觉压力很大。请你给他写封回信，安慰他并告诉他如何减压。内容包括：1.安慰对方；2.提出减轻压力的建议。注意：1.词数140以内；2.信的开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Knowingthatyouhavestressinyourstudy,Iamwritingtogiveyousomeadvice.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,noneofusishavinganeasytime,butwestillcandosomethingtosuccessfullygetthroughthenextthreeyears.Themostimportantthingyoushoulddoistotakegoodcareofyourself.Wheneveryoufeeltired ordepressed,sparesometimetohavefunwithyourfamiliesandfriends.Asforstudy,itisessentialtofindoutwhatneedstobedone.Thenmakeascheduleandsettimeforeachsubject.Thatwillensureyouenoughtimetoreview.Anyway,don’tpushyourselftoohard.Ihopeyouwillmakeprogressinyourstudy.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，就他刚进入新的高中学习，感觉压力很大这件事安慰他，并告诉他如何减压。【详解】1.词汇积累压力：stress→pressure建议：advice→suggestion重要的：important→vital必需的：essential→necessary2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Thenmakeascheduleandsettimeforeachsubject.Thatwillensureyouenoughtimetoreview.拓展句：Thenmakeascheduleandsettimeforeachsubject,whichwillensureyouenoughtimetoreview.【点睛】[高分句型1]Knowingthatyouhavestressinyourstudy,Iamwritingtogiveyousomeadvice.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Themostimportantthingyoushoulddoistotakegoodcareofyourself.(运用了省略关系代词that的定语从句)第二节(满分25分)33.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thirtyyearsago,Cayleywasgreatlysurprisedtofindthatshehadabrother.Shemadeuphermindtofindhim.Sincethensherefusedtoleavethehomeshegrewupin,hopingthatherbrotherwouldknockonthedooroneday.LittledidCayleyknowthatherbrother,NickRhoades,hadbeenlongingtodoso,butonlytowalkawayatthelastminute.ButthankstotheTVprogrammeLongLost Family,thepairhaveenjoyedanemotionalreunion.Cayley’smumJacquelineleftthefamilywhenherdaughterwasonlyseventostartanewlifeinAmerica.CayleywasbroughtupbyhergrandmotherVictoria,whodiedin2001,andsheclearlyrememberedfirstfindingoutaboutherbrotherNick.Cayleywasquiteangrywiththefactthatwascoveredup.Soshewasdeterminedtofindherbrothernomatterwhatdifficultiesshewouldmeetwith.Manyyearslater,Cayley,herhusband,Colin,andtheirchildrenwerestillstayinginthehousewhereshegrewupbecauseshealwayshadhopethatonedayherbrotherwouldknockonthedoor.HerhusbandColinwasveryunderstandingandeventhoughtheyhadtwootherhousestomoveto,theystayedinthesamehouse.Shenevergaveuphope.Meanwhile,whenNickknewhewasadopted,hedidaskhisparentsquestionsandtheytoldhimeverythingtheyknew.Hisadoptiveparentsweresolovingandhismumhadadoptedhundredsofchildren.Nickhadbeenoneofthoseluckykids.Hehadlivedareallyveryhappychildhood.Sadly,whenNickwas18hisadoptivemumdiedofcancer.Afterseveralyears,hisadoptivefatheralsodied.Nickwasextremelysadduringthatperiodoftime.Onceagain,hebecameapoororphanwithoutparents,whichledhimtomakethedecisiontofindhisbirthmumJacqueline.Nickhadbeengivenhisbirthcertificate(出生证)byhisadoptiveparentswithanaddressonit.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。NickandhiswifeSandradecidedtofindhismother’shouse.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankfully,Nick’ssisterCayleyandNick’swifeSandrabothturnedtoLongLostFamilyforhelp. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】NickandhiswifeSandradecidedtofindhismother’shouse.ItfeltsostrangethatNickknewitwasexactlythehousewhentheywereapproachingit.Hehadafeelingthathehadbeenlivingherelonglongtimeago.Hewaseagertoknockatthedoor,buthestoppedallofasudden.Hisconcernwasthathemightinterrupthismother.Hedidn’twanttogointothehousedirectlyandtoldhertheywerehersonanddaughter-in-law.Thankfully,Nick’ssisterCayleyandNick’swifeSandrabothturnedtoLongLostFamilyforhelp.Cayleywantedtofindherlittlebrother,andSandrawantedtohelpherhusbandfindabouthismum.Cayleywasaskedlotsofpersonalquestions.Sheburstintotearswhensheknewtheywereaboutherbrother.Whentheyfinallymet,Nickknewitwasexactlyhissister.Theyweresoalike,eventheirgesturesorwaysofspeakingwerethesame.Amonthlater,Nickwasreunitedwithhismum,whoflewbackfromAmerica.Theyarealwaysmeetingupfromthenon.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了失散多年的姐弟二人在 LongLostFamily节目的帮助下重逢的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“Nick和他的妻子Sandra决定找到他母亲的房子。”可知，第一段可描写Nick和妻子寻找自己的姐姐和自家的老房子，以及见面时候的感受。②由第二段首句内容“幸运的是，Nick的姐姐Cayley和尼克的妻子Sandra都向 LongLostFamily节目寻求帮助。”可知，第二段可描写在该节目的帮助下，节目在对当事人进行询问的情况以及弟弟与姐姐团聚时的场景。2.续写线索：得知家中有个弟弟走散——姐姐决心寻找弟弟——与弟弟失之交臂——在LongLostFamily节目的帮助下和弟弟团聚——定期探望保持联系3.词汇激活行为类①.接近：approach/getcloseto②.进入：gointo/enter③.团聚：reunion/reunite/gettogether 情绪类①.渴望，热情：beeagertodo/beenthusiastictodo②.大哭：burstintotears/burstoutdoing【点睛】[高分句型1].Sheburstintotearswhensheknewtheywereaboutherbrother. （由连接词when引导的时间状语从句以）[高分句型2].Amonthlater,Nickwasreunitedwithhismum,whoflewbackfromAmerica.（由关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句）