初中英语人教版七年级上册重点短语 句型 常用语法汇总（1-4单元）

七年级英语上册重点知识汇总Unit1【重点短语】1.goodmorning/afternoon/evening早上/下午/晚上好2.glad/nicetomeet/seeyou见到你很高兴3.welcometo+地点欢迎来到……4.let’s+v让我们做……5.standup起立6.sitdown坐下7.thisis...这是……8.thanks=thankyou谢谢9.seeyou=seeyoulater=goodbye再见10.IDnumber身份证号码11.befrom=comefrom来自12.inEnglish用英语【重要句型】1.---What’syourname?---MynameisSally.2.---Whereareyoufrom?---I’mfromChina.---Wheredoyoucomefrom?---IcomefromChina.3.---Whereishe/shefrom?---He/SheisfromJapan.4.---What’sthis/thatinEnglish?---It’sa/an…5.---What’rethese/thoseinEnglish?---They’re…6.---Howdoyouspellit?---E-R-A-S-E-R,eraser.7.---Canyouspellit?---Yes,M-A-P,map.8.—Howoldareyou/ishe/arethey?—I’m/Heis/Theyareeleven.9.—What’syourtelephonenumber?—It’s4567967.10.—Whatclass/gradeareyouin?—I’minClassTen,GradeSeven.（注意大小写）11.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.12.—Hello!/Hi!—Hello!/Hi!13.—Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.—Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou,too.14.—WelcometoChina/myhome.—Thanks.15.—Howdoyoudo?—Howdoyoudo?16.—Howareyou?—Fine,thankyou.Andyou?—I’mOK.17.—Seeyouthen/later.—Seeyou.18.—Goodbye.—Bye.19.—Thankyou.—You’rewelcome./That’sOK./Notatall.【重点语法】1.元音字母：AaEeIiOoUu包含有以下元音的字母：[e]AaHhJjKk[i:]EeBbCcDdGgPpTtVv[aɪ]IiYy[ju:]UuQqWw9\n[e]FfLlMmNnSsXxZz2.大小写句首字母，人名，地名，称呼语，专有名词，星期的首字母要大写，引人注意。•Look！IsthatJane?•HecomesfromHubei,China.•Mr.Wang,thisismymom.•—Whatclassareyouin?—I’minClassTen,GradeSeven.•OnSunday,wegototheWestHillforapicnic.3.Be动词的用法•我用am，你用are，is用于他、她、它，单数用is，复数就用are。•含be动词的陈述句变否定句在be后加not，变一般疑问句将be提前。•一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes,人称代词+be；否定回答：No,人称代词+be+not。如：---Theyareteachers.---Theyarenotteachers.---Aretheyteachers?---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.4.不定冠词、定冠词和and的用法(1)不定冠词a,an的用法a/an都表示“一，一个”，a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,如：abook;adesk;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：anapple/anorange/anEnglishbook;/anEnglishboy/anoldman;/anactor/anEnglishteacher/anofficeworker.(2)the是定冠词，表特指，单复数前面都可用•Weareinthesameclass.•ThegirlinapinkskirtisJane.•Whereisthebook?•Thisisn’tmybike.Theblueoneismine.(3)and的用法•数字相加看做单数：Twoandthreeisfive.•颜色相加也是单数:Blackandwhiteisgray.•人和事物相加是复数：LucyandLilyaresisters.ThepenandtheeraserareJane’s.5.可数名词单数变复数（1）规则变化①一般在名词词尾加-s，如：car---cars;photo---photos;toy---toys;boy---boys②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾加--es，如：box---boxes;bus--buses③以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，如：baby--babies;family--families4）以fe结尾，变fe为v再加es，如：knife---knives（2）不规则变化如：foot---feet;man---men;woman---women;snowman---snowmen;（3）集体名词：people,clothes,police,family（4）成双出现的名词：shoes,pants(trousers),gloves,eyes,ears九.一词多义：Anorange（桔子）isorange（橙色的）.Unit2【重点短语】1.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.把某物给某人Pleasegiveittoher.2.lookthesame长相相同lookdifferent长相不同，看起来不一样9\n3.looklike看起来像Helookslikehisfather.=Heandhisfatherlookthesame.4.nextto在……旁边Theboynexttomeismygoodfriend.5.in+颜色穿着……颜色的衣服in+a/an+颜色+衣服穿着……颜色的……TheboyinayellowT-shirtandgraypantsismygoodfriend.6.(1)both两者都（be动词之后，实义动词之前）Theybothhavebrownhairandblackeyes.Theyarebothofficeworkers.(2)all三者或三者以上都Theyareallkindtome.7.数字+(形状、大小)+颜色+n.twobigredapplesShehasshortblondhair.【重点句型】1.Whoisyourfavoriteactor?2.Weareinthesameschool,butweareindifferentgrades.3.Whatdo/does+主语+looklike?……长得怎么样？---Whatdoeshelooklike?---Heisnotverytallbutverystrong.4.Wedon’tlookthesame,butwearegoodfriends.Welookthesame,butweareindifferentclothes.5.---Whatcoloris/are+主语？---It’s/They’re+颜色.---Whatcolorisherhair?---It’sblond.6.Thisismycap.=Thiscapismine.Isthisyourcap?=Isthiscapyours?---Whosecapisthis?=Whoseisthiscap?---It’sSally’s.---Whosearethesebananas?---They’retheirbananas/theirs.7.Hispantsareblueandminearewhite.(mine=mypants)MyT-shirtisgreenandhisisbrown.(his=hisT-shirt)8.Ihavesmalleyes,buthehasbigones.（ones指代eyes）Myjacketisblueandwhite.Thatoneisblue.（one指代jacket）【重点语法】1.动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式（1）主语是第三人称单数形式（he、she、it；单一的人；单一的名字；单一的事物），动词要用单三形式。实义动词变第三人称单数的规则：①一般情况直接加“s”，如：come---comes，meet---meets②动词以o，s，sh，ch,x结尾，加“es”，如：do--does;go--goes;teach--teaches③以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es,如：study--studies,fly--flies,try--tries④特殊情况：have--has（2）句型转换①当主语为第三人称单数：变否定句时，在动词前加doesn’t,动词现原形；变一般疑问句时，在句首加does，动词现原形。一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes,人称代词+does；否定回答：No,人称代词+doesn’t.如：Shehassmalleyes.---Shedoesn’thavesmalleyes.---Doesshehavesmalleyes?9\n---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.②当主语为第一、第二人称变否定句，在动词前加don’t，变一般疑问句，在句首加do，肯定回答：Yes,人称代词+do；否定回答：No，人称代词+don’t.Theyhavesmalleyes.---Theydon’thavesmalleyes.---Dotheyhavesmalleyes?---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.2.表示所属关系（1）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词形容词性物主代词myyourhisherourtheirits名词性物主代词mineyourshishersourstheirsits•--Whoseisthispen?Isityours?•--No,it’snotmine.Mypenisblue.（2）名词所有格①用于人或其他表示有生命的名词后：•单数或不以s结尾的复数+’s，如：Jane’sbook；Women’sDay•以s结尾的复数+’如：Teachers’Day•Lucy’sandLily’sbags分有LucyandLily’sroom共有ThoseareJane’sshoes.=ThoseshoesareJane’s.②of表示所属关系，用于没有生命的物体，如：amapofChina；aphotoofmyfamilyUnit3【重点短语和句型】1.Couldyouplease+动词原形……？用来表示委婉的请求---Couldyoupleasetellmeyourname?---Sure/Noproblem.MynameisSally.---Sorry.2.tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某事tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人关于某事Pleasetellmeyourname.=Pleasetellyournametome.PleasetellMariaaboutit.请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。3.helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.在某方面帮助某人，帮助某人做某事Pleasehelpusfindhim.CouldyoupleasehelpmewithEnglish?=CouldyoupleasehelpmestudyEnglish?4.wanttodosth.=wouldliketodosth.想要做某事wantsth.=wouldlikesth.想要某物wantsb.todosth.想要某人做……HewantstovisitBeijing.=HewouldliketovisitBeijing.Iwant/wouldlikeanorange.JanewantsKangkangtosingsomesongswithher.5.showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.把某物展示给某人看MariashowsaphotoofherfamilytoKangkang.6.MyEnglishisverygood.=IcanspeakEnglishverywell.7.livein+地点居住在某地livewith+sb.和某人住9\nHeliveinChinawithhisparents.8.knowalotabout……知道许多关于……的事HeknowsalotaboutChina.9.say表示说话的内容，speak表示说某种语言的能力Whatdoeshesayintheletter?HecanspeaksomeEnglish.10.对事物的喜欢程度like……verymuch/alot非常喜欢like……alittle有点喜欢don’tlike……atall一点都不喜欢ManystudentsinourclasslikeEnglishalot,butIlikeitalittle.Hedoesn’tlikechocolateatall.11.alotof+可数名词复数/不可数名词IhavealotofEnglishbooks.12.everyday每天eachother相互someofthem他们中的一些eatout下馆子，到外面吃饭13.playwithsb.和某人一块玩耍liketodo/doingsth.喜欢(做)某事ShelikestoplaywithKitty.14.Helpyourself/yourselvestosth.随便吃(喝)……15.bekindtosb.对某人很友好Theyareallkindtome.他们对我很友好。It’sverykindofyou.你真好。16.begladtodosth.很高兴(乐意)做……Iamverygladtobehere.我很乐意在这里。Gladtomeetyou.很高兴见到你。17.letsb.dosth.让某人做某事Letmesee.让我想一想。Letushelpyoufindhim.让我们帮助你找到他。18.Iamhome.我到家了。Mariaisn’tathome/innow.玛丽亚现在不在家。Welcometomyhome.欢迎来我家。It’stimetogohome.该回家了。【单元知识点详解】1.实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答---DoeshespeakEnglish?--Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.2.询问职业及工作地点---Whatdoesyourmotherdo?(书面)/Whatisyourmother?(口语)---SheisanEnglishteacher.---Wheredoesshework?---Sheworks/teaches/studiesinaschool/hospital/restaurant/onafarm/inanoffice...3.介绍家人Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.Theyoungwomaninredismymother.9\nIstheyoungwomaninredyourmother?(变一般疑问句)Whoistheyoungwomaninred?(对划线部分提问)Mygrandparents,mycousinandIareonthesofa.Ihaveabigfamily.我有一个大家庭。Ilovemyfamily.我爱我的家。4.就餐表达语1)---Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?想不想喝些东西？---Yes,aglassofapplejuice,please./No,thanks.somethingtodrink一些喝的东西somethingtoeat一些吃的东西2)---Whatwouldyouliketohave/eat/drink?你想吃（喝）些什么？---I’dlikesomericeandchicken./Letmesee.我想想看。3)Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme?想和我共进晚餐吗？---Yes,I’dloveto./Yes,I’dliketo.---I’msorry,Ihaveto…4)---Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?你通常早餐吃什么？---Iusuallyhavemilkandbreadforbreakfast.have…forbreakfast/lunch/dinner早/午/晚餐吃......5)---MayItakeyourorder,sir?请问，要点菜了吗？---Fishwithvegetablesandrice,please.6)MayIhelpyou?=CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?请问要吃/喝/买些什么？5.委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达Wouldyoulikesth./todo…?你愿意/想……？What/Howaboutsth./doing…?……怎么样？Whynotdo…?为什么不……？Let’sdo…!让我们干……吧！Whydon’tyoudo…?为什么不……？肯定回答:Yes,I’dlike/loveto./Goodidea./OK./Allright./I’dlovethat.否定回答:No,thanks./I’msorryIcan’t,Ihavetodo…/I’dlikethat,butI’msorryIhavenotime.【重点语法】1.人称代词的主格与宾格点拨：主格在句子中充当主语，放在动词之前；宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语，放在介词之后构成介宾短语。主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem---Doyouknowthem?---Yes.Theyaremynewclassmates.2.可数名词与不可数名词（1）可数名词：可以用数目来计数的名词，有单数和复数之分。如：banana,egg,apple,orange,noodles,vegetable,hamburger等。（2）不可数名词：不能用具体的数目来表示，前面不能加a/an，没有复数形式。如：milk,chicken,bread,Coke,coffee,rice,juice,fish,tea,water,chocolate等。（3）不可数名词若要表示数量，可用：数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：aglassofmilk一杯牛奶；tenbottlesofapplejuice十瓶橙汁；tenloavesofbread十条面包9\n（4）some/alotof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词many+可数名词的复数much+不可数名词【书信的格式】1.称呼：顶格写，常用Dear…开头，表示亲切、客套，后面用逗号。2.正文：从称呼的下一行开始写，开头空两格。3.结束语：正文下面的客套话，写在右下角，首字母大写，末尾用逗号，常用Yours。4.签名：指写信人的签名，写在结束语的下面。Unit4【重点短语和句型】1.buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.为某人买……Lindawantstobuyatoycarforhercousin.=Lindawantstobuyhercousinatoycar.2.tryonsth.=trysth.on试穿tryit/themon(固定搭配)Mariatriesonthecoatinaclothesshop.3.Thecoatlooksveryniceonyou.你穿上这件外套真漂亮。4.That’sfine.We’lltakeit.好的，我们就买它了。5.Iamjustlooking.我只是随便看看。6.“Areyoukidding?”你在开玩笑吗？7.think想，认为thinkabout考虑thinkof认为Kangkangthinksit’sLiMing’s.I’llthinkaboutit.我要考虑一下。thinkaboutaplan考虑一项计划Whatdoyouthinkofthisyellowskirt?8.Thankyouallthesame.仍然感谢你。9.getsomewate取水flyakite/kites放风筝singsomesongs唱歌meetfriendsathome在家和朋友见面haveapicnic=go(out)forapicnic去野餐getup起床gohome回家gofishing去钓鱼goshopping=dosomeshopping购物gotothezoo去动物园gototheWestHill去西山visitafriend拜访朋友call…back回电话doone’shomework做作业takeone’sorder点菜takesomebread带一些面包seetheMonkeyShow看猴子表演10.asksb.todosth.请/要某人做某事Couldyouaskhertocallmebackthisevening?你能让她今晚给我回个电话吗？9\n11.needsth./todosth.需要(做)某事WeneedtohelpthemwiththeirEnglish.我们需要帮助他们学英语。Weneedtwokilosofapplesandsomerice.12.have/hastodosth.不得不/必须做……Kangkanghastocook.康康必须要做饭。Kangkangdoesn’thavetocook.(变否定句)13.save节省，攒钱，挽救Bigsale!Buymoreandsavemore!大降价！买得多，省得多！Bencansave¥5.14.here这里there那里Hereyouare.给你。Hereitis.在这。Hereweare.我们到了。Theclothesarethere,madam.夫人，服装在那边。---WhereisBabyMonkey’shome?---It’sthere.15.befree=havetime有时间，有空AreyoufreethisSunday?=Doyouhave(any)timethisSunday?I’msorryIhavenotime.=I’msorryIdon’thaveanytime.16.It’stimetodosth/forsth.该做某事了，是做某事的时候了It’stimetohavebreakfast.=It’stimeforbreakfast.17.Thankyouforyourhelp.=Thankyouforhelpingme.谢谢你的帮忙。18.ateighto’clock在八点整inthemorning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上onSundaymoring在星期天早上19.onone’swayhome在某人回家的路上onone’swaytoschool在上学的路上Buysomeeggsandriceonyourwayhome.TheBabyMonkeycan’tfindhiswayhome.【单元知识点详解】1.购物表达语1)---CanIhelpyou?/MayIhelpyou?---Yes,please.Iwanttobuysomeclothesformydaughter./I’mjustlooking,thanks.2)---WhatcanIdoforyou?---IwantaT-shirtformyson.3)---CanItryiton?/Whynottrythemon?---Sure/Noproblem.4)That’sfine.We’lltakeit.5)280yuan!Areyoukidding?I’llthinkaboutit.Thankyouallthesame.6)---Couldyouhelpmedosomeshopping?---Sure.Whatdoweneed?7)---Isthatall?就那些吗？---Yes,Ithinkso.是的，我想就这些。8)---It’stooheavy.它太重了。---Letmehelpyou.让我帮助你吧。2.询问对事物的观点、看法---Howdoyoulikethispairofpants?=Whatdoyouthinkofthispairofpants?你认为这条裤子怎么样？9\n---They’retoolong./Idon’tlikeitatall.Howabouttheblueone?3.询问数量howmuch+不可数名词+…？howmany+可数名词(复数)+…？---Howmanyapplesdoyouneed?---Weneedtwokilosofapples.---Howmanybagsofricedoyouneed?---Weneedfivebagsofrice.---Howmuchricedoyouneed?---Weneedfivebagsofrice.4.询问价格(price)---Howmuchis/are……？---It’s/They’re…….---Howmuchisthebread?---It’sthreeyuanaloaf.---Howmucharetheshoes?---Theyare280yuan.5.询问重量(quantity)---Howheavyisit?---It’sonekiloabag.一千克一袋。6.打电话的简单交际用语1)---Whoisthis,please?---ThisisSally.2)---MayIspeaktoMaria?---Sorry,sheisn’tin/athomenow.3)---AreyoufreethisSunday?---Yes.What’sup?4)---WouldyouliketogototheWestHillwithus?5)---Couldyouask/tellhimtocallmebackthisevening?---Sure.7.委婉地请求、建议1)---Wouldyouliketoflyakitewithme?---Oh/Yes,I’dlove/liketo.2)---How/Whataboutflyingakitewithme?---I’msorryIcan’t.Ihavetocook.3)---Whynotflyakitewithme?---I’dlikethat,butI’msorryIhavenotime.4)---Let’sflyakite.---Goodidea./OK./Thatwouldbeverynice.8.询问时间(time)---Whattimeisit,please?/Whatisthetime,please?---It’sseveno’clock.9.询问最喜欢的动物---Whatareyourfavoriteanimals?---Elephants/Monkeys/Panadas/Tigers.They’reso/verykind/clever/cute/strong.【重点语法】1.时间表达法（1）直接表达:“时+分”，如:4:00fouro’clock;12:05twelveofive；2:30twothirty（2）30分钟以内：用“分+past+时”，表示“几点几分”如：8:15aquarterpasteight;9:30halfpastnine（3）超过30分钟：用“(60-分)+to+(时+1)”表示“差几分到几点”如：3:55fivetofour;5:40twentytosix2.some与any的用法some用于肯定句及希望得到肯定回答的疑问句，any用于否定句和疑问句中。Shewantssomeoranges.Doesshewantanyoranges?Whatabout/Whynothave/Wouldyoulikesomechicken?9