上海交大附中学10-11学年度高二下学期期中考试（英语）

上海交通大学附属中学2022-2022学年度第二学期高二英语期中试卷（满分100分，100分钟完成。答案一律写在答题卡、答题纸上）命题：沈莹审核：何其乐I.ListeningComprehension(24%)PartAShortConversationsDirections:InPartA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Customerandshopassistant.B.Reporterandeditor.C.Bossandsecretary.D.Teacherandeditor.2.A.Climbing.B.Consulting.C.Financing.D.Water-diving.3.A.8:00.B.8:30.C.9:30.D.10:30.4.A.Inaschool.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookstore.D.Inapostoffice.5.A.Sheisnotinterestedintheproject.B.Shewantstodiscusstheprojectnow.C.TheycantalkabouttheprojectonWednesday.D.Theyhavealreadytalkedabouttheproject.6.A.Petershouldn’tcomplainaboutthebus.B.Petershouldn’tspendalotofmoney.C.There’snothingspecialaboutPeterbuyingacar.D.Petershouldgetenoughphysicalexercise.7.A.Thefoodisverycheap.B.Customerscaneatfreefoodintherestaurant.C.Thefoodisexpensive.D.Customerscangetadiscountonthefood.8.A.Thatshedidn’tpasstheexam.B.Thathercarwasbroken.C.Thatshedidn’tfeelwell.D.Thatshecouldn’tfindherkey.9.A.Heisnaughty.B.Hemakesalotoftrouble.C.Hebehaveswell.D.heisindifferenttoeverything.10.A.Thesnowisnotabigproblemifthereisnoice.B.Thereismuchiceontheroadnow.C.Icecan’tcausebigproblemsonthe11/11\nroad.D.Theywont’gobackhomenow.PartBPassagesDirections:InPartB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Hewasdressedinhisfinestclothes.B.Hewasdressedasashopassistant.C.Hedidn’tdresswellD.Hewasdressedinhisbrother’sclothes.12.A.FatheraskedmetoearnmoneytobuyChristmasgifts.B.Fatherservedtheboyasanordinaryadultcustomer.C.Fathergavetheboyatoyplanefreeofcharge.D.Fatherhiredtheboyasashopassistant.13.A.Hefeltveryhappyaboutthetoyplane.B.Hefeltsurprisedattheshopowner’sbehavior.C.Hefeltsadbecauseoflackofmoney.D.HefelteagertoattendtheChristmasparty.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.BecauseJapanesegovernmentaskedthecompaniestodoso.B.BecauseJapanesecompanieswanttoincreaseoverseassales.C.BecauseJapanesecustomerswanttospeakEnglish.D.BecausetheJapaneselanguagehasbecomeold-fashioned.15.A.5%B.50%C.70%D.95%16.A.CompaniesmightloseJapanesecustomers.B.CompaniesspendmuchmoneyhiringEnglishteachers.C.TheJapaneseCulturemightbeaffected.D.Toomuchattentionmightbepaidtooverseasmarkets.PartCLongerConversationsDirections:InPartC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheartheconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswithinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheordersheet.WriteNOMORETHANONEWORDSforeachanswer.PhoneOrderSheetProduct___17____cameraItemNumber___18____Priceforthecustomertopay___19____IncludingMemory___20____colorPinkBlanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.11/11\nWhereisthewomangoingskiingforChristmas?Inthe____21____Howshouldthesnowboardsbe?Theyshouldbe____22____Whatiskeytoskiingwell?____23_____Whendoestheskiingclubmeet?Every___24____Completethemessage.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.II.GrammarandVocabulary25%SectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25.Agenuinecompliment_____yourfriends’talentsorgiftsautomaticallyaddsvalue_____howtheyseethemselves.A.to…toB.to…onC.on…onD.on…to26.Bronxregards_____asafailureashecanhardlygetaconversationgoingwhenheisintroducedtoanotherperson.A.himselfB.himC.itD.itself27.ThefamousGettysburgAddresshasabout200words,butitstillmanagedtoexpresstheidea_____allpeoplearebornequal.A.whyB.thatC.whichD.when28.Tobesuccessfulinajobinterview,thejobseeker_____conveyasenseofself-confidenceandenthusiasmforwork,whichallinterviewersvaluehighly.A.canB.needC.mustD.will29.Modestyenablesapersontomovefrombeingthecentreofattention_____theneedsofothers.A.tofocusonB.focusedonC.tofocusingonD.focusingon30.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochild_____beallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unlessaccompaniedbyanadult.A.shouldB.canC.shallD.will31._____forthisreadysourceofmoney,manyearlyAmericansheadedwestandexploredthenewterritories.A.TosearchB.SearchingC.SearchedD.Havingsearched32.Itisreportedthatitwasmidnight_____theearthquakehappened.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.that33.“Adarkhorse”is_____showsunexpectedracingspeedandcomesinfirst,eventhoughtheexpertssaidhehadlittlechanceofwinning.A.oneB.whichC.thatD.onethat34._____theyliveclosebyinsuchasmallcommunity,peopleheredon’thavemuchcontactwitheachother.A.IfB.OnceC.SinceD.Although35.Thetwolittlegirls_____goodfriendsbutfortheattackofsomeoutsideforce.A.couldhavebeenB.shouldhavebeenC.shallhavebeenD.needhavebeen36.Onlybyconsciously“forcing”yourselftomakepredicationswhilelistening_____betteratpredictingandeventuallyimproveyourlisteningcomprehension11/11\nability.A.youcanbecomeB.canyoubecomeC.thatyoubecomeD.becomeyou25.ThereasonwhyAmericansformandendfriendshipsquicklyis_____theymovearoundquiteoften.A.howB.becauseC.thatD.what26.You_____theelectronicdictionary,forthisisatestnotanexercise.A.can’tbeusingB.maynotbeusingC.mustn’tbeusingD.oughtnottobeusing27._____tonuclearradiation,evenforashorttime,mayproducechangesofgenesinhumanbodies.A.BeingexposedB.HavingexposedC.ExposedD.Afterbeingexposed28.Itiswhenindividualshavesimilarinterestsandacommonoutlookonlife_____long-lastingfriendshipsdevelop.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whenSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.appropriateB.casualC.hateD.commonAB.situationAC.relevantAD.typicallyBC.practiceBD.deliveryCD.alternativelyIfyouintendtousehumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustbe__41__totheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheir__42__andareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;__43__,ifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhichare__44__toallofyouandit’llbe__45__foryoutomakeapassingremarkaboutthepoorcanteenfoodorthechairman’sbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorasthey__46__anoutsidermakingillremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmust__47__sothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafew__48__remarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthe__49__whichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.IIIReadingComprehension36%SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.11/11\nLanguageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletelyapartfromallotheranimals.Languageisameansof__50__,butitismuchmorethanthat.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthe__51__offlowerstoothermembers.Buthumanlanguage__52__communicationaboutanything,eventhingslikedragonsthathaveneverexisted.Thekey__53__inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe__54__togetherindifferentway,accordingto__55__tocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing__56__humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,whetherabouttheinverse,themind,love,dreams,ororderadrink.Itisacomplex__57__thatwetakeforgranted.__58__,wearenotawareofmostaspectsofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingtoanother.Thespeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto__59__language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetimefromthoughtstothe__60__ofspeechisextremelyfast,only0.04second!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto__61__whatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto__62__thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof__63__ofthewordsorsentences,andfinally__64__themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.Butoncestarted,itisofcoursecontinuousprocess.50.A.transportationB.exchangeC.communicationD.conversation51.A.locationB.addressC.smellD.color52.A.admitsB.acceptsC.permitsD.absorbs53.A.staysB.situatesC.hidesD.lies54.A.stuckB.strungC.sewnD.bound55.A.rulesB.scalesC.lawsD.standards56.A.combinesB.containsC.definesD.declares57.A.prospectB.progressC.processD.product58.A.IndeedB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.Moreover59.A.bodyB.gestureC.writtenD.spoken60.A.growingB.fixingC.beginningD.building61.A.turnoutB.tryoutC.burstoutD.figureout62.A.identifyB.inventC.revealD.discover63.A.performanceB.organizationC.designD.production64.A.describeB.conveyC.copyD.interpretSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AIftheworldwereavillageof1,000peopleitwouldinclude：•584Asians•124Africans•95EasternandWesternEuropeans•84LatinAmericans•55formerSoviets（includingLithuanians,Latvians,Estonians,andothernationalgroups）11/11\n•52NorthAmericans•6AustraliansandNewZealandersThepeopleofthevillagewouldspeak：•165Mandarin•86English•83Hindu/Urdu•64Spanish•58Russian•37ArabicTheabovelistcoversthemothertonguesofonlyhalfthevillage.One-thirdofthepeopleinthevillagearechildren,andonly60areovertheageof65.Justunderhalfofthemarriedwomeninthevillagehaveaccesstomodernequipments.Thisyear28babieswillbeborn.Tenpeoplewilldie,3ofthemforlackoffood,1fromcancer.Twoofthedeathswillbeofbabiesbornwithintheyear.Withthe28birthsand10deaths,thepopulationofthevillagenextyearwillbe1,018.Inthisvillageof1,000persons,200peoplereceive75percentoftheincome;another200receiveonly2percentoftheincome.Aboutone-thirdhaveaccesstoclean,safedrinkingwater.Ofthe670adultsinthevillage,halfcannotreadnorwrite.Thevillagehasatotalyearlybudget（预算）,publicandprivate,ofover$3million—$3,000perpersonifitisdistributedevenly.Ofthetotal$3million：$181,000goestoweaponsandwarfare$159,000toeducation$132,000tohealthcareTheseweaponsareunderthecontrolofjust100ofthepeople.Theother900arewatchingthemwithdeepanxiety,wonderingwhethertheycanlearntogetalongtogether.65.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMandarinaccordingtothetext?A.Nearlyone-thirdofAsianpeoplespeakMandarininthevillage.B.About8.25percentofthepeoplespeakMandarininthevillage.C.About16.5percentofthepeoplespeakMandarininthevillage.D.NearlyalltheMandarin-speakingpeoplearefromAsiainthevillage.66.WhichofthefollowingproblemsisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Poverty.B.Education.C.Environment.D.Marriage.67.Theunderlinedpart“haveaccessto”(inPara.4)means_____.A.useB.buyC.produceD.try68.Thelastsentenceinthetextimpliesthatmostofthepeoplelongfor______.A.apeacefulworldB.goodeducationC.betterhealthcareD.alifewithoutanxiety（B）Informalconversationisanimportantpartofanybusinessrelationship.Beforeyoustartadiscussion,however,makesureyouunderstandwhichtopicsaresuitableandwhichareconsideredtaboos(禁忌)inaparticularculture.LatinAmericansenjoysharinginformationabouttheirlocalhistory,art,andcustoms.Theyexpectquestionsabouttheirfamilyandaresureto11/11\nshowpicturesoftheirchildren.YonmayfeelfreetoasksimilarquestionsofyourLatinAmericanfriends.TheFrenchthinkofconversationasanartform,andtheyenjoythevalueoflivelydiscussionsaswellasdisagreements.Forthem,argumentscanbeinteresting—andtheycancoverprettymuchoranytopic—aslongastheyoccurinarespectfulandintelligentmanner.IntheUnitedStates,businesspeopleliketodiscussawiderangeoftopics,includingopinionsaboutwork,family,hobbies,andpolitics.InJapan,China,andKorea,however,peoplearemuchmoreprivate.Theydonotsharemuchabouttheirthoughts,feelings,oremotionsbecausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeawayfromtheharmoniousbusinessrelationshipthey’retryingtobuild.MiddleEasternersarealsoprivateabouttheirpersonallivesandfamilymatters.Itisconsideredrude,forexample,toaskabusinessmanfromSaudiArabiaabouthiswifeorchildren.Asgeneralrule,it’sbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligionwithyourbusinessfriends.Thiscangetyouintotrouble,evenintheUnitedStates,wherepeopleholddifferentviews.Inaddition,discussingone’ssalaryisusuallyconsideredunsuitable.Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld,althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeanationalsport.Instead,befriendlyandpraiseyourhost’steam.69.Theauthorconsiderspoliticsandreligion________.A.cheerfultopicsB.taboosC.rudetopicsD.topicsthatcanneverbetalkedabout70.Whichistypicallyafriendlytopicinmostplacesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Sports.B.Children.C.Personalfeelings.D.Families.71.WhyarepeoplefromAsiamoreprivateintheirconversationwithothers?A.Theydon’twanttotalkwithothersmuch.B.Theydon’twanttohavetheirgoodrelationshipwithothersharmedbyinformalconversation.C.Theyareafraidtoarguewiththeircolleagues.D.Theywanttokeeptheirfeelingstothemselves.72.Whatshouldn’tyoudowhentalkingaboutsportswithcolleaguesfromanothercountry?A.Praisingyourowncountry’ssports.B.Criticizingyourowncountry’ssports.C.Praisingthesportsofyourcolleagues’country.D.Criticizingthesportsofyourcolleagues’country.CThepresidentofHarvardUniversity,intheUnitedStates,recentlymadecommentsthathavecausedanuproar(激烈争论)amongwomen.Womenareoutnumberedbymeninmanyscientificfields,andhesaidthatthismaybeduetosomeinherent(内在的)differencesinintellectualabilities.Basically,hewassayingthatwomenmaynotbeasgoodasmeninscience.Thiswasdifficultformanypeopletoaccept,especiallywomenwhoarethemselvesscientistsandprofessors.ManyprofessorsatHarvardwereupsetbyhiscommentsanddidnotwanttosupporthim.11/11\n　　Peoplehavebeenfightingforyearsforequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Therefore,itisdiscouragingtohearthepresidentofaprestigiousuniversitysaysomethingthatisnegative.Biologically,maleandfemalebrainsaredifferent,butthatdoesnotmeanthatoneisbetterthantheother.Theimportantthingtorememberisthatyoucandoanythingthatyouputyourmindto.　　WhenIwasalittlegirl,IwasalwaystoldthatIcouldbewhateverIwantedtobe.NooneevertoldmenottodosomethingjustbecauseIwasagirl.Thishashelpedmetobeveryfocusedanddeterminedinmylife.Thereareendlesspossibilitiesformyfuture.　　Determinationandhard-workarewhatmakeagoodstudent.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherthatstudentisaboyoragirl.　　Youmaycomeacrossroad-blockswhenyouarepursuingyouracademiccareer.Itisnotalwayseasytofollowyourdreams.Asagirl,youmaysometimesfeelthatyouonlyseemenwhohavegoodcareersorimportantjobs.ButIencourageyounottogiveup.Thekeyistofindoutwhatyourstrengthsareandfocusonthem.Everyonehasuniquetalentsthatcanbeveryhelpfulinthefuture.Ifyoubelieveinyourselfyouwillbeamazedatwhatyoucando!73..AccordingtothepresidentofHarvardUniversity,womenmaynotbeasgoodasmeninsciencebecauseof_____.　　A.thedifferentstructuresoftheirbrains　　B.theirdifferentintellectualabilities　　C.theirdifferentlivingconditions　　D.thedifferenteducationthattheyreceive74.TheauthorthinksthecommentsthepresidentofHarvardUniversitymadeare_____.　　A.discouragingB.encouragingC.positiveD.unimportant75.Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessis_____.　　A.whetheryouareaboyoragirl　　B.whetheryouhaveadream　　C.whetheryouhavedeterminationandworkhard　　D.whatyouwillbeinthefuture76.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?　　A.EqualityofMenandWomen　　B.IntelligenceDeterminesSuccess　　C.MaleandFemaleDifferencesinBrainsD.FindYourStrengthsandFollowYourDreamsDAhighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbemostfortunate.Atruefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”Experienceteachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipsarejustnoteasilyformed.Why?Onereasonisthatitiseasytomovearoundinoursociety.Mr.DarrellSifford,anewsreporterfortheWashingtonDaily,hasbeenstudyingandtalkingaboutfriendshipsforanumberofyears.Hereportswhatonewomanthoughtabouttheeffectofeaseofmovementonfriendship:“Iwasnine,andwe’djustmovedfromSouthCarolinatoNewJersey,andIdidn’tknowanybody.Mymotherhadawayofgettingtotherootofthingsandshesaidtome,‘Amelia,I11/11\nknowyou’refeelingbadbecauseyoudon’thaveanyfriends.Butyoucanfixthat.Justwalkacrossthestreet—Iknowthere’sagirlaboutyourageoverthere—andknockonthedoorandaskhertobeyourfriend.’”“Asa9-year-old,Icoulddothat.Iknockedonthedoorandsaid,‘Hi,mynameisAmelia,andI’dlikeforustobefriends.’Andtomysurprise,shesaidthatshewouldlikethattoo—andwebecamefriends.”Sheaddedthatgoingaboutitdirectlyalwaysworkedwhenshewasachild.Butassheleftchildhood,shefoundthatthesimpledirectapproachwasmoreandmoredifficultforhertofollow.So,asanadult,Amelialongedtohavefriendsbutherhandsweretiedwhenitcametodoinganythingaboutit.Theproblem,accordingtoher,isthatsocietyteachesusinanumberofwaysthatdirectactionisnotanacceptablewayofdoingthings.Weneedtobelessdirectsothatourfeelingswillnotbehurtifourofferoffriendshipisrefused.Mr.Siffordgoesontodescribehisownideasonthesubject:“Tomostofus,friendshipisveryimportant,butweneedtohaveclearinourownmindsthekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobeverycloseorkeptatarm’slength?Dowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?”“Forsomepeople,anordinaryfriendshipisenough—andthat’sallright.Butatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatwhatweexpectfromthefriendshipisthesameaswhatourfriendsexpectfromit.Ifonewantsmorefromthefriendshipthantheother,andifthisisnottalkedabout,oneislikelyeventuallytofeelthathe’snotbeinggivenenoughattention.“Thesharingofclosesecrets,includingourfearsaswellasourdarkdreams,isthesurestwaytodeepenfriendships.Buttheprocessmustbegonethroughslowlyandcontinuedonlyiftherearesignsofinterestandoureffortsareanswered.”Whataresomeoftheproblemsinformingfriendships?AccordingtoMr.Sifford,thebiggestproblemistoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationshipstaketime.Another“bigdifficulty”istothinkone“possesses”theotherandthatheshouldspendallhistimeonlywithyou.Similarly,friendshipsrequireactionfrombothsides.Inshort,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionofdevelopingfriendship.Unlessyouspendenoughtimetogether,talkingonthephone,writingletters,doingthingstogether,friendshipswillgraduallyfadeaway.Whyisitsodifficulttoformfriendships?Perhapsitispossible,asMr.Siffordstates,thatwesimplydonotstayinoneplacelongenoughforatruefriendshiptodevelop.However,weallagreethateachofusshouldthinkcarefullyaboutthekindoffriendshipswewant.Asinallinterpersonalrelationships,successdependsonthekindoffriendshipweexpecttohave,opennesstoothers,andawillingnesstoexperiment.77.Bysayingthat“Mymotherhadawayofgettingtotherootofthings…”theauthormeansthat_____.A.hermothercouldalwaysfindfriendsforherB.hermotherhadawayofmakingfriendswithpeopleC.hermotherwasabletofindthecauseofthingsD.hermotherwasabletosolvedifficultproblems78.Whenformingfriendships,oneshould_____.A.notbeafraidofbeingrefused.B.avoidtryingtocontrolafriend’slifeC.shareclosesecretswiththefriend11/11\nD.notbetooimpatientortoodirect79.Forfriendshiptodevelop,oneshould_____.A.gothroughtheprocessinanacceptablewayB.giveasmuchasonegetsC.haveacaringpersonalityD.makesureone’seffortsareanswered80.Themainpointwelearnfromthepassageis_____.A.willingnesstoexperimentisthekeytoclosefriendship.B.opennesstoothersisimportantininterpersonalrelationshipsC.directoffersoffriendshiparenoteasilyacceptedD.goodfriendshipsarenoteasilyformedSectionCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.Themostcommonproblemisa“wandering”mindB.Selectivelisteningisalsoamentalbarrier.C.Listeningisn’taneasyskilltomaster.D.Attitudescanalsointerferewithgoodlistening.E.Noiseandbackgroundmusicmakeslisteningmoredifficult.AB.Listeningisalsorelatedtothelistener’sknowledge.81.__________Listeningisnotaseasyassomeonethought.Evengoodlistenersmayrecallonlyfiftypercentofwhattheyhear.Retention,theabilitytorememberandrecallinformation,decreasesabouttwentytotwenty-fivepercentafterafewdays.Sonomatterhowwellyoulisteninclass,you’realwaysgoingtorefreshyourmemorybeforeatest!Unfortunately,manypeoplehavepoorlisteninghabitsandlittlelisteningtraining.Toimproveyourlisteningskills,it’simportanttounderstandwhatcausespoorlistening.82.__________Ifyoufinditdifficulttoconcentratesolelyonwhataspeakerissaying,there’sagoodreason.Themindprocessesinformationmuchfasterthanaspeakercanspeak.Thebraincanprocessover500wordsperminute,whiletheaveragespeakertalksatarateof124to250wordsperminute.Thatmeansthemindcanhearwhat’sbeingsaidandcanthinkaboutsomethingelseatthesametime.83.__________Ifyouhaveanegativeideaaboutthespeakerorthetopic,you’llfinditdifficulttolistenattentively.Hostileorcaptiveaudiencesoftenhavemoredifficultlylisteningthandofavorableorvoluntaryones.84.__________Ifaspeakerspeaks“abovetheheads”ofanaudience,peoplefinditdifficulttoconcentrate.Speakerswhouseunfamiliarwordsorwhouseincompleteexplanationsmakeitmoredifficulttolisten.Speakerswho“speakdown”toaudiences,failingtoacknowledgewhattheaudiencealreadyknows,alsocreatementalblocks.85.__________11/11\nWhenpeoplelistenselectively,theysimplyblockwhattheydon’twanttohear.Forinstance,manypeoplehavehabitsthataredangeroustotheirhealth,likesmoking.However,theyoftenchoosetoblockoutwhataspeakersaysabouthealthrisks.Theymaylistentoaspeechandthinkthattheyspeaker’smessageappliedtootherpeople,notthem.Inotherwords,theyhearwhattheywanttohearandignorewhattheydon’twanttohear.VI.Translations.15%Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordorphrasegiveninthebrackets.1.总的来说，观众人数越多，手势动作的幅度就应越大。(themore…)2.缺少眼神交流会使观众对你的演讲失去兴趣。（lack）3.当你难以与父母交流时会感到苦恼吗？（when）4.面带微笑通常暗示着这个人容易接近。（imply）5.教授昨天开会缺席，他可能遇到什么事了？(absent)11/11