江苏省仪征中学2022届高三英语上学期期中复习测试一

江苏省仪征中学2022届高三英语期中复习（一）一．单选（20分）21.AccordingtotheGiniIndex,thedegreeofwealthconcentrationinChinahasrisenbyathirdinthepast35yearsandnowislargerthan________oftheUS.A.thisB.oneC.thatD.such22.—What’sup,detective?—Ithoughtthecasewasoff.Everythingfellinto________soperfectly.ButI’mwrong.A.placeB.stepC.piecesD.ruins23.Haveyouheardofsuchanexperiment________wineexpertswerefooledintothinkingacheapbottleofwinewasanexceptionalonewiththelabelschanged?A.asB.whereC.thatD.which24.Someofourhistorywereglorious,othersbestleftinourhistoricalrecords,never______.A.torepeatB.toberepeatedC.beingrepeatedD.havingbeenrepeated25.________speakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”,thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.A.SoaccustomedarewetoB.AswearesoaccustomedtoC.AccustomedaswearetoD.Accustomedasareweto26.Lifedoesn’tcountformuch_______you’rewillingtodoyoursmallparttoleaveourchildrenabetterworld.A.unlessB.whenC.thoughD.if27.________onceayearbyfireofficials,whetheraschoolislargeorsmall,isaregulationthatmustbecarriedoutinthecountry.A.InspectedB.InspectingC.HavingbeeninspecteD.Beinginspected28.About40percentofthecitizensareunhappywithpublicservices,which______alarmbellsringinginsomelocalgovernments,sorelateddepartments_____paytoomuchattentiontothissurvey.A.hasset;can’tB.willset;mustn’tC.hasset;shouldn’tD.issetting;needn’t29.Idon’tsupposethathecouldhavefinishedreadingthenovelborrowedfromme,_______?A.canheB.couldn’theC.hasheD.didn’the30.ThenewfinancialpoliciesoftheUSgovernmenthave_______achainreactionintheinternationalmoneymarkets.A.gaveoffB.setoffC.seenoffD.tookoff31.Tokeepupwiththeirwork,thevastmajorityofofficeclerkstodaymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,tosay_______ofnewspapersandmagazines.A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something32.In1973,abook________thatplantscanfeelemotions,preferclassicalmusic,andcanrespondtotheunspokenthoughtsofhumanslandedontheNewYorkTimesbest-sellerlist.A.havingclaimedB.hadclaimedC.claimingD.claimed33.Janeisreallyhonestandnevertendstohideheropinion.Shemustgiveyoua(n)________suggestionaboutwhatyouhavebeenarguingabout.A.abruptB.ambiguousC.straightforwardD.arbitrary34.PengLiyuanhasbeenwearingMaKe’sdesignsformorethanadecade,however,________thebrand,Peng’ssupportofChineselabelshassurprisedmillionsofChinesewhofavorforeignfashionbrands.A.regardlessofB.insteadofC.inplaceofD.inchargeof35.Asweallknow,electronicproductsarealwaysundercontinuousrenewal.IfrobotslikeAva _________,theycouldrepresentanewopportunityformobileapp\ndevelopers.A.takeonB.catchonC.workonD.turnon36.Thenewhospitalwillbelocatedin_______usedtobeawastelandandahugeshoppingmallwillalsobeconstructed________thereusedtobeaschoolmanyyearsago.A.where;whereB.what;inwhichC.what;whereD.which;where37.Useyourhead;nothingtaughtbyotherscanhavethesameeffectonyouas_______learnedthroughpractice.A.thoseB.whatC.thatD.theone38．TheBritishincreasedcontrolovertheirAmericancolonies,soldiers_______theretoensurethattheAmericanswouldobeythem.A.werestationedB.tobestationedC.beingstationedD.stationed39．Peopleare________theuseofalternativeenergysourcesbecausetherate_______wearenowassumingfuelslikegasandoilisshockingandtheymayrunoutoneday.A.wrestlingwith;bywhichB.pushingfor;atwhichC.catchingupon;atwhichD.accountingfor;onwhich40．Ignoringpeople’smainconcernabouttheenvironment,hisproposalbecamethe__ofcriticism.A.privilegeB.targetC.witnessD.concept第二部分完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）Individualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobetterunderstandotherpeople,empathize(共鸣)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Astudyfounda(an)__41___resultinyoungchildren:themorestoriesreadtothem,the__42__their“theoryofmind,”ormentalmodelofotherpeople’sintentions.“Deepreading”—as__43__tothesuperficialreadingwedoontheWeb—isan__44__practice,oneweshouldtakestepsto__45__aswewouldahistoricbuildingorasignificantworkofart.Its__46__wouldputindangertheintellectualandemotionaldevelopmentofgenerationsgrowinguponline,aswellasliteraturethatcanbe__47__onlybyreaderswhosebrains,quite__48__,havebeentrainedtounderstandthem.Recentresearchhasdemonstratedthatdeepreadingisa__49__experience,differentfromthemeredecodingofwords.__50__deepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requirea__51__book,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducive(有助于)tothedeepreadingexperience.Abook’slackofhyperlinks,forexample,__52__thereaderfrommakingdecisions—ShouldIclickonthislinkornot?—__53__hertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative.Thedeepreadingofbooksandtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWebaredifferent,both__54__theexperiencetheyproduceandthe__55__theydevelop.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatonlinereadingmaybeless__56__andlesssatisfying,evenforthe“digitalnatives”forwhomitissofamiliar.Whenreadersareenjoyingtheexperiencethemost,the__57__oftheirreadingactuallyslows.The__58__offast,fluentdecodingofwordsandslow,unhurriedprogressonthepagegivesdeepreaderstimetoenrichtheirreadingwith__59__,analysis,andopinions.Itgivesthemtimetoestablishancloserelationshipwiththeauthor,thetwoofthemengagedinanextended__60__likepeoplefallinginlove.41.A.differentB.similarC.efficientD.unbelievable\n42.A.quickerB.strongerC.keenerD.higher43.A.contradictedB.equalC.opposedD.relevant44.A.interestingB.endangeredC.authenticD.unconscious45.A.preserveB.preventC.reserveD.promote46.A.practiceB.existenceC.appearanceD.disappearance47.A.recitedB.readC.coveredD.appreciated48.A.differentlyB.similarlyC.literallyD.strangely49.A.distinctiveB.difficultC.validD.reasonable50.A.SinceB.BecauseC.HoweverD.Although51.A.conventionalB.complicatedC.convenientD.confidential52.A.limitsB.bansC.freesD.protects53.A.forcingB.allowingC.requiringD.encouraging54.A.inB.byC.fromD.with55.A.confidenceB.plotC.hobbiesD.capacities56.A.promisingB.engagingC.involvingD.supportive57.A.procedureB.stepC.paceD.ratio58A.contrastB.combinationC.comparisonD.conflict59.A.reflectionB.revisionC.responseD.consideration60A.negotiationB.arrangementC.appointmentD.conversation第三部分阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）ATherewillcomeatimewhenyoumustdecidetoleadthelifesomeoneelsehaschosenforyou…orthelifeyouwant.Accordingtolegend,whenayoungboyaskedthegreatRenaissanceartistMichelangelowhyhewasworkingsohardhittingtheblockofmarblethatwouldeventuallybecomehisgreatestsculpture,David,theartistreplied,“Youngman,thereisanangelinsidethisrock,andIamsettinghimfree.”InTheAngelInside,thewell-knownconsultantandcareercoachChrisWidenerusesMichelangelo’swordstoexplorethehiddenpotentialthatexistswithinusall.Inthisunforgettabletale,TomCook,adisillusioned（幻想破灭的）Americanbusinessman,hastraveledtoItalylookingfordirectioninhislife.InFlorence,thelastcityonhistour,TommeetsamysteriousoldmanwhoopenshiseyestotheartandlifeofMichelangeloandrevealswhattheartist’sworkcanteachhim—andallofus—aboutthepoweroffollowingyourpassion.Whetheryouarelookingforawaytoreinvigorateyourcareerorsearchingforthecouragetobeginanewone,TheAngelInsideisamust-readifyouwanttofind\ntruemeaninginyourlifeandwork.Thebreak-outbusinessstorythat’salreadysoldmorethan70,000copies,TheAngelInsidetellsthestoryofayoungmansearchingformeaninginhisworkandfindingitinanunlikelyplace:thelifeandartofMichelangelo.AdvancePraiseforTheAngelInside“TheAngelInsideisapowerfullysimplestorythathelpsyoudiscoveryourpotentialforapassionatelife!”—JohnC.Maxwell,author,speakerandfounderofINJOYStewardshipServicesandEQUIP“ChrisWidener’sTheAngelInsideisashortreadthatislongonwisdomforlife.Takeanhourandahalfofyourtimeanddelveintothistrulymeaningfulbook.Itwillcaptivateyoufrombeginningtoend,butmoreimportantly,itwillhelpyoucreateyourownlifeofpowerandbeauty.”—JimRohn“Averyspecialone-dayrelationshipbetweenawisementorandhisstrugglingbuteagerprotégé.Whatadelightfulstoryforeveryonetoread,andfromwhichtobenefitgreatly!”—BobBurg“TheAngelInside”istrulyoneofthemostinspiring,encouragingmotivationalbooksIhaveeverread.OnceIgotstarted,Ifounditimpossibletostopreading.AndIsaythisasamanwhohasneverreadfriction;I’vealwayssaidthatwhenIgetallofthetruth,thenI’llstartreadingfiction.Itwasawonderfulthrilltoreadaworkoffictionthatcontainsanenormousamountoftruthandencouragement.”—ZigZiglar61.WhatisprobablythethemeofthebookTheAngelInside?A.FollowingyourpassionB.RecommendinganewcareerC.SolvingthemysteriesinlifeD.Startingwithaction62.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captivate”mean?A.InstructB.AttractC.PreventD.Convince63.WhatdoesZigZiglarmainlywanttotellus?A.Beforereadingfiction,it’snecessarytogetallthetruth.B.TheAngelInsideisathrillingworkofsciencefiction.C.Fictioncontainslotsoftruthandencouragement.D.ReaderscanbenefitalotfromTheAngelInside.BThefirsttimewestartedusingit,wethoughtitwouldjustbeabitoffun,aone-timething.__A__“Let’sjustgiveitatry,”myfiancéesaid.Iwasabitnervous,butIknewsomeofourfriendswerealreadyintoit,andtheysaiditwasfineandthatIshouldrelaxbecauseeveryonewasdoingit.“OK,”Iagreed,convinceditwouldbeharmless.___B___Beforelong,wewereusingitonceaweek.Thenitbecametwiceaweek.Wewent\nfromusingitafterworktousingitinthemornings,andthenatlunchtime,too.Suddenlywereachedapointwherewewereusingiteveryday.EvenwhenIwasn’tusingit,Iwasthinkingaboutusingit.___C___That’swhenIrealizedtheterribletruth.Wecouldn’tstop.Dearreaders,itshamesmetoadmitit,butIamanaddictofonlineshoppingsiteTaobao.AndIdon'tthinkI’mtheonlyone.__D__Iseethetelltalesignseverywhere:Peoplewithbagsundertheireyes,clearlyexhaustedafterstayinguplatebrowsingitemstheymightonedayneed(butprobablywon’t)，likethe1940sleatheraviatorcapIboughtintheeventIeverneedtobecomeanaviatorinthe1940s.Iseeco-workersfurtively(偷偷摸摸地）sneakingdowntothemailroom,eyesdartingaroundsuspiciously.Iknowwhat'sgoingthroughyourmindasyoureadthis.“Thisisn’tme，”you’rethinking,“IcanstopanytimeIwant.”Butcanyou?InChinayoucangetsamedaydeliveryforjustaboutanythingyoubuyonline.InAustralia,myhomecountry,thesameitemwouldtakeweekstoarrive.“It'stheconvenience,"Isaidtomyfiancée.“That’swhywe'rehooked.”Butisthatconvenienceworththeriskofwakinguponemorningtodiscoveryou’vebeenburiedaliveinmassesofbrandnewwomen’sshoes?Inmycaseit’sprobablynot,especiallybecauseIsuspectmyfiancéewon’trealizeI'mmissinguntilweekslater,whenmycreditcardstopsworkingandI'velongsinceexpired.Sowhatcanyoudotobattlethisterribleaddiction?Neverfear,dearreaders,becauseI'vecreatedaspecialfive-steplisttohelpyoustoponlineshopping.Stepone:Acknowledgeyouhaveaproblem.Resistbuyingadult-sized,StarWarsStormtrooperoutfitonTaobao.Youdon’treallyneedit.Steptwo:Trynottofeelguiltyaboutbuyingadult-sized,StarWarsStormtrooperoutfitonTaobao.Stepthree:Putthecomputerandsmartphoneaway,getbacktonature,andtakeawalkinthepark.Stepfour:Trynottofeelguiltyaboutbuyinganewoutfitforyourwalkinthepark.Imean,itwasonsale,right?Stepfive:BuyingabookonhowtoquitTaobao...fromTaobao.Onsecondthoughts,maybedon’tlistentome,afterall.64.Whereshouldthesentence“Ihaveneverbeensowronginmyentirelife.”beputinthepassage?A.InblankA.B.InblankB.C.InblankC.D.InblankD.65.Theauthorwritestheunderlinedparagraphtoshow________.A.TaobaoisapopularandsuccessfulonlineshoppingsiteB.onlineshoppingisaneffectivewaytohelprelaxC.peopletodayarefondofthe1940sleatheraviatorcapD.quitealotofpeoplearehookedononlineshopping\n66.Theauthorconcludesthispassagewithatoneof________.A.confidenceandoptimismB.disappointmentanddisapprovalC.uncertaintyandhumorD.confusionandsympathyCYou’reprobablyawareofthebasictrends.Thefinancialrewardstoeducationhaveincreasedoverthepastfewdecades,butmenfailtobenefit.Inelementaryandhighschool,maleacademicperformanceislagging.Boysearnthree-quartersoftheD’sandF’s.Bycollege,menareclearlybehind.Only40percentofbachelor’sdegreegotomen,alongwith40percentofmaster’sdegree.Thankstotheirlowerskills,menaredroppingoutofthelaborforce.In1954,96percentoftheAmericanmenbetweentheagesof25and54worked.Today,thatnumberisdownto80percent.InFriday'sjobsreport,malelaborforceparticipationreachedanall-timelow.Millionsofmenarecollectingdisabilitybenefits.Evenmanyofthosewhodohaveajobaredoingpoorly.AccordingtoMichaelGreenstoneoftheHamiltonProject,annualearningsforaverageprime-agemaleshavedroppedby28percentoverthepast40years.Menstilldominate(主宰)thetopofthecorporateladderbecausemanywomentaketimeofftoraisechildren,butwomenleadoraregainingnearlyeverywhereelse.Womenintheir20soutearnmenintheir20s.Twelveoutofthe15fastest-growingprofessionsaredominatedbywomen.Overtheyears,manyofushaveemployedacertaintheorytoexplainmen'seconomicdecline.Itisthattheinformation-ageeconomyrewardsqualitiesthatwomenaremorelikelytopossess.Tosucceedtoday,youhavetobeabletositstillandfocusattentioninschoolatanearlyage.Youhavetobeemotionallysensitiveandawareofcontext.Youhavetocommunicatesmoothly.Forgeneticandculturalreasons,manymenarenotgoodatthese.But,inherfascinatingnewbook,TheEndofMen,HannaRosinsuggestsadifferenttheory.Ithastodowithadaptability.Women,Rosinargues,arelikeimmigrants(移民)whohavemovedtoanewcountry.Theyseeanewsocialcontext,andtheyflexiblyadaptto.newcircumstances.Menarelikeimmigrantswhohavephysicallymovedtoanewcountrybutwhohavekepttheirmindsintheoldone.Theyspeaktheoldlanguage.Theyfollowtheoldcustoms.Menaremorelikelytoberigid;womenaremorefluid.Thistheoryhaslesstodowithbornqualitiesandmoretodowithsocialposition.Whenthere’sbigsocialchange,thepeoplewhowereonthetopoftheoldorderareboundtosticktotheoldways.Thepeoplewhowereonthebottomareboundtoexperienceaburstofenergy.Theyaregoingtoexploretheirnewsurroundingsmoreenthusiastically.Rosinreportsfromworking-classAlabama.Thewomenshemeetsarefloodingintonewjobsandnewopportunities—goingbacktocollege,pursuingnewcareers.Themenarewaitingaroundforthejobsleftandarenevercomingback.Theyarestrangelyimmune(免疫的）tonewoptions.IntheAuburn-Opelikaregion,theaveragefemale\nincomeis140percentoftheaveragemaleincome.Rosinisnotsayingthatwomenarewinnersinaglobalgender(性别)warorthattheyaredoingsupersimplybecausemenaredoingworse.She'sjustsayingwomenareadaptingtotoday’seconomymoreflexiblythanmen.There’salotofevidencetosupporthercase.AstudybytheNationalFederationofIndependentBusinessfoundthatsmallbusinessesownedbywomenoutperformedmale-ownedsmallbusinessduringthelastrecession(衰退).Infinance,womenwhoswitchfirmsaremorelikelytoseetheirperformanceimprove,whereasmenarelikelytoseetheirsdecline.There'sevenevidencethatwomenarebetterabletoadjusttodivorce.Today,morewomenthanmenseetheirincomesriseby25percentafteramaritalbreakup.Fortyyearsago,menandwomenstucktocertaintheory,whatitmeanttobeamanorawoman.Youngwomentoday,Rosinargues,haveabandonedbothfeminist(女权主义者）andprefeministpreconceptions.Menstillsticktothemasculinity(大男子主义的）rules,whichlimittheirvisionandtheirmovement.Ifshe'sright,thenmenwillhavetoacknowledgethattheyarestrangersinastrangeland.67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Malelaborforceparticipationhasdeclinedby80%since1954.B.Morementhanwomentaketimeofftoraisechildrennow.C.Goodcommunicationisoneofthequalitiesthatwomenpossess.D.Menarestilltakingmosttopandfastest-growingprofessions.68.InHannaRosin’sopinion,maleperformanceisfallingbehindbecause_______.A.menarelesslikelytositstillandfocusinschoolatearlyageB.menaremorerigidandlessabletoadapttonewcircumstancesC.womenaredoingbetterforgeneticandculturalreasonsD.itismoreandmoredifficultformentogetbachelor’sdegree69.Whatisthepassageintendedtoconvey?A.Thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.B.Thereasonswhymendonobetterthanwomen.C.Thesocialstatusofmenandwomen.D.Thereasonswhymenfailcomparedwithwomen.DItappearsthatthepolicenowhaveadevicethatcanreadlicenseplatesandcheckifacarisunregistered,uninsuredorstolen.WealreadyknowthatNationalSecurityAgencycandipintoyourFacebookpageandGooglesearches.AnditseemsthatalmosteverystorewegointothesedayswantsyourhomephonenumberandZIPcodeaspartofanytransaction(交易）.SowhenEdwardSnowden—nowcoolinghisheelsinRussia—revealedtheextenttowhichtheNSAisspyingonAmericans,collectingdataonphonecallswemake,it'snotasifweshouldhavebeensurprised.WeliveinaworldthatGeorgeOrwellpredictedin1984.Andthatrealizationhascausedsalesofthe1949,dystopian(反乌托邦）noveltospikedramaticallyupwardrecently—a9,000%increaseatonepointonAmazon.com.\nComparisonsbetweenOrwell’snovelaboutatightlycontrolledtotalitarian(极权主义的）futureruledbytheubiquitous(无所在的）BigBrotherandtodayare,infact,quitesimilar.Hereareafewofthemostobviousones.Telescreens—inthenovel,nearlyallpublicandprivateplaceshavelargeTVscreensthatbroadcastgovernmentpropaganda(宣传),newsandapprovedentertainment.Buttheyarealsotwo-waymonitorsthatspyoncitizens,privatelives.TodaywebsiteslikeFacebooktrackourlikesanddislikes,andgovernmentsandprivateindividualshackintoourcomputersandfindoutwhattheywanttoknow.Thentherearetheever-presentsurveillance(监控)camerasthatspyontheordinarypeopleastheygoabouttheirdailyroutine.Theendlesswar—InOrwell’sbook,there'sglobalwarthathasbeengoingonseeminglyforever,andasthebook'shero,WinstonSmith,realizestheenemykeepschanging.Oneweekwe’reatwarwithEastasiaandfriendswithEurasia.Thenextweek,it'sjusttheopposite.Thereseemslittletodistinguishthetwoadversaries(对手),andtheyareusedprimarilytokeepthepeopleofOceania,whereSmithlives,inaconstantstateoffear,therebymakingdisagreementunthinkable—orpunishable.Todaywehavetheso-calledwaronterror,withnoendinsight,ageneralizedsocietalfear,suspensionofcertaincivilliberties,andanill-definedenemywhocouldbeanywhere,andanything.Newspeak—thefictional,stripped-downEnglishlanguage,usedtolimitfreethought.OMG(OhmyGod),RU(Areyou)serious?That'ssoFUBAR(FuckedBeyondAilRecognition).LMAO(LaughMyAssOff).Memoryhole—thisisthemachineusedinthebooktochangeordisappearembarrassingdocuments.Papershredders(碎纸机）hadbeeninvented,butwerehardlyusedwhenOrwellwrotehisbook,andtheconceptofwipingoutaharddrivewasyearsinthefuture.Butthememoryholeforetoldbothtechnologies.Sowhat’sitallmeant?In1984,WinstonSmith,afteranintenseroundof^behavioralmodification”—read:torture—learnstoloveBigBrother,andthedifficultworldhewasborninto.Jumpforwardtotoday,itseemswe'vewillinglygivenupallsortsoffreedoms,andmuchofourrighttoprivacy.Fearsofterrorismhavealottodowiththis,butdizzyingadvancesintechnology,andtheubiquityofsocialmedia,playabigpart.Therearethosewhosaythatifyoudon'thaveanythingtohide,youhavenothingtobeafraidof.Butthefactis,whenagovernmentagencycanmonitoreveryone'sphonecalls,wehaveallbecomesuspects.Thisisoneofthemostfrighteningaspectsofourmodemsociety.Andevenmorefrighteningisthefactthatwehavegonesofardownthestreet,thereisprobablynoturningback.Unlessyouspendyourlifeinawildernesscabin,totallyoffthegrid,thereissimplynowaythegovernmentwon’thaveinformationaboutyoustoredawaysomewhere.Whatthismeans,unfortunately,isthatweareallWinstonSmith.AndBigBrotheristhemodemsurveillancestate.70.Whatcaused1984tosellwellonAmazon.com?A.Thefactthatauthoritieshaveaccesstoourpersonalinformation.B.Theworrythatourgovernmentagenciescanmonitorourphones.\nC.ThesurpriseathowAmericansarespiedonbythegovernment.D.Thesimilaritiesbetweentheworldweliveinandthatof1984.71.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.WhenOrwellwrote1984,papershreddersdidn'texist.B.WinstonSmithlovesBigBrotherduetothefearsofterrorism.C.Telescreensarcusedtobroadcastandspyoncitizens’privacy.D.ThewarwithEastasiamakespeopleinOceaniafearful.72.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph8referto?A.Willingnesstoabandonfreedomandprivacy.B.Addictiontosocialmedia.C.Aroundof“behavioralmodification”.D.Thephonecallsbeingmonitored.73.Theunderlinedpartinthepassagerepliesthat_______.A.wearewalkingalongthestreettoofartogobackhomeB.itisimpossibleforustoreturntoourinitialpathC.ifsverydifficultforustochangethecurrentsituationD.thegovernmentcanfindoutwhichstreetwearegoingdown74.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.We’reliving“1984”today.B.BigBrotheriswatchingyou.C.WeareallWinstonSmith.D.TheNSAisspyingonAmericans.75.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthephenomenon?A.Optimistic.B.Concerned.C.Angry.D.Enthusiastic.第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Whenitcomestobeingsociallysuccessful,thequantityofyourrelationshipsisirrelevant.Theimportantthingisthequalityofthem.Iwouldratherhaveasmallteamthatworksinconcertthanabigteamsoscattered（分散的）thatnothingevergetsdone.It’sbettertohaveafewclosefriendswholoveyouforwhoyouarethanalotofacquaintanceswhoyou’renotsocomfortablewith.Herearefivewaysyoucanmakepeopleenjoybeingaroundyou.1.Beconfident,butnotcocky.Thereisabigdifferencebetweenhealthyconfidenceandarrogant（傲慢的）cockiness.Aconfidentperson,whencomplimentedaboutawonderfulthingtheydid,wouldreplywithasimple“thankyou.”AcockypersonwouldtaketheopportunitytoperformanunscheduledAcademyAwardacceptancespeech.Aconfidentpersonwouldofferpraiseforeverybodywhocontributedtotheirsuccess.Acockypersonwouldclaimallthecreditforthemselveswithoutasecondthought.Cockypeoplemightexperiencetemporaryperks,butlong-lastingsuccessisaprizereservedfortheconfident.2.Beapproachable,butnotapushover.Youshouldwelcomeyourfriendsandcoworkerswithopenarms.It’shardtofindapersonwhowillofferalisteningearintimeofneed,sofulfillingthatneedwillhelpyoubecomeapersonpeopletrust.Buttherecanbetoomuchofagoodthing.Ifyoufindyourselfwithinvitationsyou’renotthatinterestedin,don’tbe\nafraidtopolitelyrejectthem.Ifyourschedulebecomesoccupiedbypeopledesiringyourattention,setsomegroundrulesandprioritize（优先考虑）.Totakecareofothers,youmustfirsttakecareofyourself.1.Bedirectinexpression,butnotnastyindelivery.Receivinghonestywithnofilter（过滤）islikefindingamassiveglassoficewaterduringadesertadventure.Speakwordsoftruth,andpeoplewillberefreshedtohearthem.Mostpeoplesugarcoattheiropinions,soawillingnesstotellithowyouseeitwillwintheappreciationofyourfriendsandcoworkers.Buthere’sthecatch:deliveryiseverything.Thereisabigdifferencebetween“Yourarticlesucks”and“Ilikethegeneralconcept,butIthinkitmightplaybetterifyoutryiffromadifferentangle.”Truthissomethingyoushouldaimfor,butitisn’tatickettobenastytopeople.Todeliverhonestandhelpfulfeedback,usethissentencestructure:“Iliked(insertpositivequality),butIthinkitwouldbebetterif(constructivecriticism/suggestionforimprovement).”2.Bemindfulofyouractions,butnotabsorbedinyourself.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfnervouswhilefieldingquestionsinajobinterviewortalkingtoacutepersonyouhaveacrushon?Soeagertomakeapositivefirstimpressionthatyoucan’tescapetheconstantstreamofthoughtscausingyoutodoubtifyou’resayinganddoingtherightthings?Asaconsequence,youmightfindyourselfsoself-absorbedthatyoucan’tfocusonwhattheotherpersonissaying.Thelesstimeyouspendquestioningyourselfandthemoretimeyouspendactivelylisteningtotheotherperson,thebetteroffyouwillbe.3.Beassertive,butnotoverbearing.Thereisathinlinebetweenbeingassertiveandoverbearing,solet’stakealookattheirdefinitions.as·ser·tive(adjective):havingorshowingaconfidentandforcefulpersonallyo·ver·bear·ing(adjective):unpleasantlyorarrogantlydomineering（专横的）Anassertivepersonwouldconfidently(andpolitely)askfriendsornetworkingcontactsforhelpiftheyneededit(andhopefullyoffertoreturnthefavor).Anoverbearingpersonwouldforcepeopletogetwhattheywantedwithoutasecondthoughtabouthowtheiractionsaffectedothers.Beingoverbearingwillmakepeopleavoidyoubecausenoonewantstohelpapushyperson.Beingassertivewillattractpeopletoyou,ifyoucanreflectconfidenceandenthusiasm.FiveSecretsofSociallySuccessfullyPeopleOutlineDetailsBriefintroductionThequalityfoyourrelationship72._________whetheryoucanbesociallysuccessful.Havingafewtrulyclosefriendsiswhatreally73.________\n71._________tomakepeopleenjoybeingaroundyou●Theresponsesofconfidentandcockypeople74._________whentheyarehighlythoughtofforwhattheydo.Learntobeconfident.●Listeningtoothersinneedhelpsyouwin75.__________.●Turningdown76.__________youshownointerestinisacceptable●Youwillbeappreciatedifyouexpressyouropinionsina77.___________manner.●Bemindfulofyouractions.wanting78.__________toimpressotherswillcauseyoutofallintoself-absorption.●By79.__________theirdefinitions,youwillseethedifferencesbetween“assertive”and“overbearing”.Beingoverbearingwillmakepeopleavoidyou80.__________beingassertivewillattractpeopletoyou.第五部分书面表达（满分25分）TheElephantandtheFlyAnelephantwasstandingandpickingleavesfromatree.Asmallflycame，flyingandbuzzingnearhisear.Theelephantwaveditawaywithhislongears.Thentheflycameagain,andtheelephantwaveditawayoncemore.Thiswasrepeatedseveraltimes.Thentheelephantaskedthefly,“Whyareyousorestlessandnoisy?Whycan’tyoustayforawhileinoneplace?”Theflyanswered,“IamattractedtowhateverIsee,hearorsmell.MysensespullmeconstantlyinalldirectionsandIcannotresistthem.Whatisyoursecret?Howcanyoustaysocalmandstill?”Theelephantsaid,“Mysensesdonotrulemyattention.WhateverIdo,Igetinvolvedinit.NowthatIameating,Iamcompletelyabsorbedineating.InthiswayIcanenjoymyfoodandchewitbetter.Iruleandcontrolmyattention.Whenyouareinchargeofyoursensesandattention,yourmindwillbecomecalm.”【写作内容】1．以约30个词概括短文的内容；2．然后以约120个词就“专注”这一主题发表你的看法，包括以下要点：（1）看完故事后的感受及启发；（2）描述一次你或他人因受太多干扰而使学习、生活或工作受到影响的经历；（3）你打算在高三这一年里如何保持专注。【写作要求】1．可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。Anelephantwasconstantlydisturbedbyarestlessfly,whowonderedaboutthesecretofremainingcalm.Theelephantrevealedthatcalmnesswouldbeobtainedwhenone’ssensesandattentionwerefocused.\nInspiredbywhattheelephantsaid,Irealizedtheabilitytofocusone’sattentionisthekeytosuccess.Anyperson,ifeasilydistracted,isunabletoachievehissuccess.Thisremindsmeofwhathappenedinmyprimaryschool.Ioncesignedupfortoomanyvariousafter-classactivities.Asaresult,Ididn’tspendenoughtimeonmystudies.Consequently,Ifellbehindandfailedinexams.SincethenIknowthatoneshouldfocusononethingbeforeitiswelldone.AsaSeniorThreestudent,havingsetacleargoal,Iwillgiveprioritytoit,tryingtoresistanytemptation.I’mfullyawarethatonlywithadeterminedmindcanIachievemygoal.英语参考答案单选CABBCADACBCCCABCCDBB完型BCCBADDCADACBADBCBAD阅读ABDBDCCBDDCACAB任务型阅读71.How/Ways72.determines/decides73.counts/matters74.vary/differ75.trust76.invitations77.direct78.badly/eagerly/desperately/anxiously79.comparing/analyzing80.while第五部分书面表达ReadingLiteratureMakesUsSmarterandNicer阅读文学作品能让人变得更聪明更友好GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinthe NewYork Times thatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno “compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy” orothergreatbooks.最近，诺丁汉大学的哲学教授格雷戈里·柯里（GregoryCurrie）在《纽约时报》上提到，人们不应断言文学能够提升人类品质，因为没有“足够的证据能证明读了托尔斯泰的作品或者其他经典书籍，就能让人在道德上、生活上表现的更出色”。Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessoremeritusofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin 2022 and 2022 thatindividualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathizewiththemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredinthepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.A 2022study byMarfoundasimilarresultinyoungchildren:themorestoriestheyhadreadtothem,thekeenertheir “theoryofmind, ” ormentalmodelofotherpeople’sintentions.\n可实际上，还真有这样的证据。加拿大约克大学的心理学家雷蒙德·玛尔（RaymondMar）和多伦多大学已退休的认知心理学教授基思·奥特利（KeithOatley）在发表于2022年和2022年的研究报告中曾提到，经常读小说的人似乎更能理解别人，同情别人，并从他人的角度看待问题。即便研究者们考虑到了越是有同情心的人可能越喜欢读小说这个因素，这种联系依然存在。在2022年的一项研究中，玛尔从儿童中也发现了同样的现象：他们听过的故事越多，他们的“心智理论”或者是对别人意图的“心智模式”就越敏锐。“Deepreading”— asopposedtotheoftensuperficialreadingwedoontheWeb — isanendangeredpractice,oneweoughttotakestepstopreserveaswewouldahistoricbuildingorasignificantworkofart.Itsdisappearancewouldimperiltheintellectualandemotionaldevelopmentofgenerationsgrowinguponline,aswellastheperpetuationofacriticalpartofourculture:thenovels,poemsandotherkindsofliteraturethatcanbeappreciatedonlybyreaderswhosebrains,quiteliterally,havebeentrainedtoapprehendthem.“深阅读”——与我们平时在网上进行的浅阅读相反——是一种渐渐被忽视的阅读行为，我们应当像保护古建筑或重要的艺术品那样对其采取保护措施。深阅读的消失将不利于伴随着网络长大的后代的智力和情感发展，也会影响人类文化重要组成部分的传承：小说、诗歌和其他文学类型，毫不夸张地说，这些作品只有经过阅读训练的人才能欣赏。Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthatdeepreading — slow,immersive,richinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity — isadistinctiveexperience,differentinkindfromthemeredecodingofwords.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothedeepreadingexperience.Abook’slackofhyperlinks,forexample,freesthereaderfrommakingdecisions — ShouldIclickonthislinkornot? — allowinghertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative.在认知科学、心理学和神经科学方面近期的研究已经证明了深阅读——一种慢速的、沉浸式的、有着丰富的感官细节和复杂的情感、精神体会的阅读——是一种独特的阅读体验，与单纯的认字型的阅读完全不一样。虽然严格说来，深阅读的载体不一定非得是传统的纸质书，但印刷品的天然的限制对于深阅读体验却是十分有益的。比如，纸质书上是没有超链接的，这样读者就少了一些干扰——不用纠结是不是得点开链接——从而能保持全身心地沉浸在书中的文字里。Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichindetail,allusionandmetaphor:bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandeven,studiessuggest,increasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.这种沉浸也得益于大脑对于有着丰富细节、暗示、比喻的语言的处理方式：利用与在现实生活中发生这种场景时相同的活跃的大脑区域创建一个心理表征。阅读有关情感状况和道德困境的文学内容也是对思维进行高强度训练的一种方法，可以激励我们对虚构的人物进行思考，甚至有研究表明，可以增强我们在现实生活中的感同身受的能力。Noneofthisislikelytohappenwhenwe’rescrollingthroughTMZ.Althoughwecalltheactivitybythesamename,thedeepreadingofbooksandtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWebareverydifferent,bothintheexperiencetheyproduce\nandinthecapacitiestheydevelop.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatonlinereadingmaybelessengagingandlesssatisfying,evenforthe “digitalnatives” forwhomitissofamiliar.Lastmonth,forexample,Britain’sNationalLiteracyTrustreleasedtheresultsofastudyof34,910youngpeopleaged8to16.Researchersreportedthat39%ofchildrenandteensreaddailyusingelectronicdevices,butonly28%readprintedmaterialseveryday.Thosewhoreadonlyonscreenwerethreetimeslesslikelytosaytheyenjoyreadingverymuchandathirdlesslikelytohaveafavoritebook.Thestudyalsofoundthatyoungpeoplewhoreaddailyonlyonscreenwerenearlytwotimeslesslikelytobeabove-averagereadersthanthosewhoreaddailyinprintorbothinprintandonscreen.这些在我们浏览TMZ 网站时是体会不到的。虽然两种行为都被称为阅读，但对书籍的深阅读与在网页上进行的为了获取信息而进行的阅读是不一样的，两者有着不同的阅读体验，并且培养出了不同的阅读技能。越来越多的证据表明，在线阅读时，读者比较容易走神，而且对于阅读体验也不够满意，就连“数字原住民”都有这样的感受。比如，英国全国读写素养信托（Britain’sNationalLiteracyTrust）上月公布了一项在32,910名8~16岁的儿童和青少年中进行的调查结果。研究人员指出有39%的儿童和青少年每天都通过电子设备进行阅读，而每天阅读纸质内容的人数仅占28%。相较于阅读纸质书的受访者，在只通过电子设备进行阅读的受访者中，不太可能说自己非常喜欢阅读的人数是其三倍，不太可能有最喜欢的一本书的人数占其三分之一。研究还发现，比起每日都阅读纸质书或者既阅读纸质书也阅读电子书的年轻人而言，有两倍的只阅读电子书的人不太可能成为中等以上水平的读者。(MORE: WhyAmericansNeedSpellingBees and VocabularyTests)想要理解为什么我们应当关心年轻人如何阅读，而不只是有没有在阅读，可以先了解一下阅读能力的形成方式。塔夫斯大学阅读和语言研究中心主任玛丽安娜·沃夫（MaryanneWolf）说过“人类并不是天生就会阅读的”，她写过《普鲁斯特与乌贼：阅读如何改变我们的思维》一书。在正常情况下，理解和运用口头语言的能力会根据由人类基因决定的程序形成，而阅读能力的形成却需要每个人的刻苦练习。“阅读回路”的创建借用了大脑中为其他目的而形成的结构——这些回路可能很脆弱也可能很稳固，主要取决于它们的使用频率与强度。Tounderstandwhyweshouldbeconcernedabouthowyoungpeopleread,andnotjustwhetherthey’rereadingatall,ithelpstoknowsomethingaboutthewaytheabilitytoreadevolved. “Humanbeingswereneverborntoread, ” notesMaryanneWolf,directoroftheCenterforReadingandLanguageResearchatTuftsUniversityandauthorofProustandtheSquid:TheStoryandScienceoftheReadingBrain.Unliketheabilitytounderstandandproducespokenlanguage,whichundernormalcircumstanceswillunfoldaccordingtoaprogramdictatedbyourgenes,theabilitytoreadmustbepainstakinglyacquiredbyeachindividual.The “readingcircuits” weconstructarerecruitedfromstructuresinthebrainthatevolvedforotherpurposes — andthesecircuitscanbefeebleortheycanberobust,dependingonhowoftenandhowvigorouslyweusethem.深阅读的读者远离了干扰并适应了语言的细微差别，进入了心理学家维克托·内尔（VictorNell）在快乐阅读的心理状态研究中比喻成的一种催眠状态。内尔发现当读者非常享受阅读过程时，他们的阅读速度实际上是变慢的。快速、流畅的文字解读与缓慢的、从容不迫的阅读速度的结合，使得深阅读的读者能通过反思、分析并加入自己的回忆与思考来丰富阅读过程。并且在这样的阅读过程中，读者能有时间与作者建立亲密的关系，仿佛两个坠入爱河的人，沉浸在热烈的对话之中。\nThedeepreader,protectedfromdistractionsandattunedtothenuancesoflanguage,entersastatethatpsychologistVictorNell,inastudyofthepsychologyofpleasurereading,likenstoahypnotictrance.Nellfoundthatwhenreadersareenjoyingtheexperiencethemost,thepaceoftheirreadingactuallyslows.Thecombinationoffast,fluentdecodingofwordsandslow,unhurriedprogressonthepagegivesdeepreaderstimetoenrichtheirreadingwithreflection,analysis,andtheirownmemoriesandopinions.Itgivesthemtimetoestablishanintimaterelationshipwiththeauthor,thetwoofthemengagedinanextendedandardentconversationlikepeoplefallinginlove.深阅读与许多年轻人正在使用的阅读方法是不一样的。他们的阅读是务实的、机械的：体现了文学评论家弗兰克·科莫德（FrankKermode）提出的“肉体的阅读”与“精神的阅读”之间的区别。如果我们让我们的后代以为阅读就是指肉体的阅读——如果我们不通过早期执着的训练和实践来打开通往精神的阅读的大门——我们将会使他们失去感受愉悦的甚至是狂喜的阅读体验的机会。并且，我们还会剥夺他们得到鼓舞和启发的机会，而这原本能提升他们作为人的品质。看到年轻人对电子设备的依赖，部分先进的教育家和溺爱型的父母提到有必要“从孩子出发”，根据孩子们的电子阅读习惯进行指导。这是错误的看法。相反，我们应当向他们展示一个他们从未到过的境地，一个只有通过深阅读才能到达的境地。(PHOTOS:PeterHapak’sPortraitsofAuthors)版权声明：Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeoplearecomingtoknowit.Theirreadingispragmaticandinstrumental:thedifferencebetweenwhatliterarycriticFrankKermodecalls “carnalreading” and “spiritualreading.” Ifweallowouroffspringtobelievecarnalreadingisallthereis — ifwedon’topenthedoortospiritualreading,throughanearlyinsistenceondisciplineandpractice — wewillhavecheatedthemofanenjoyable,evenecstaticexperiencetheywouldnototherwiseencounter.Andwewillhavedeprivedthemofanelevatingandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Observingyoungpeople’sattachmenttodigitaldevices,someprogressiveeducatorsandpermissiveparentstalkaboutneedingto “meetkidswheretheyare, ” moldinginstructionaroundtheironscreenhabits.Thisismistaken.Weneed,rather,toshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeen,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethem.AbstractImmigrantsBy: ThomasSowell 6/4/202206:00AMNevertheless,manyofourcurrentdiscussionsofimmigrationissuestalkaboutimmigrantsingeneral,asiftheywereabstractpeopleinanabstractworld.ButtheconcretedifferencesbetweenimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriesaffectwhethertheircominghereisgoodorbadfortheAmericanpeople.TheverythoughtofformulatingimmigrationlawsfromthestandpointofwhatisbestfortheAmericanpeopleseemstohavebeenforgottenbymanywhofocusonhowtosolvetheproblemsofillegalimmigrants,“livingintheshadows.”ArecentcolumnintheWallStreetJournaltitled“WhatWouldMiltonFriedmanSay?”triedtoderivewhatthelateProfessorFriedman“wouldnodoubtregardastheidealoutcome”asfarasimmigrationlawswereconcerned.\nAlthoughIwasonceastudentofProfessorFriedman,Iwouldneverpresumetospeakforhim.However,hewasamanwiththerarecombinationofgeniusandcommonsense,andhepublishedmuchempiricalworkaswellastheanalyticalworkthatwonhimaNobelPrize.Inshort,concretefactsmatteredtohim.ItishardtoimagineMiltonFriedmanlookingfor“theidealoutcome”onimmigrationintheabstract.Morethanoncehesaid,“thebestistheenemyofthegood,”whichtomemeantthatattemptstoachieveanunattainableidealcanpreventusfromreachinggoodoutcomesthatarepossibleinpractice.Toomuchofourcurrentimmigrationcontroversyisconductedintermsofabstractideals,suchas“Weareanationofimmigrants.”Ofcourseweareanationofimmigrants.Butwearealsoanationofpeoplewhowearshoes.Doesitfollowthatweshouldadmitanybodywhowearsshoes?Theimmigrantsoftodayareverydifferentinmanywaysfromthosewhoarrivedhereahundredyearsago.Moreover,thesocietyinwhichtheyarriveisdifferent.TheWallStreetJournalcolumnendsbyquotinganothereconomistwhosaid,“Bettertobuildawallaroundthewelfarestatethanthecountry.”Butthewelfarestateisalreadyhere–and,farfromhavingawallbuiltaroundit,thewelfarestateisexpandinginalldirectionsbyleapsandbounds.Wedonothaveachoicebetweenthewelfarestateandopenborders.Anythingwetrytodoasregardsimmigrationlawshastobedoneinthecontextofahugewelfarestatethatisalreadyamajor,inescapablefactoflife.Amongotherfactsoflifeutterlyignoredbymanyadvocatesofdefactoamnestyisthatthefreeinternationalmovementofpeopleisdifferentfromfreeinternationaltradeingoods.Buyingcarsorcamerasfromothercountriesisnotthesameasadmittingpeoplefromthosecountriesoranyothercountries.Unlikeinanimateobjects,peoplehaveculturesandnotallculturesarecompatiblewiththecultureinthiscountrythathasproducedsuchbenefitsfortheAmericanpeopleforsolong.NotonlytheUnitedStates,buttheWesternworldingeneral,hasbeendiscoveringthehardwaythatadmittingpeoplewithincompatibleculturesisanirreversibledecisionwithincalculableconsequences.IfwedonotseethatafterrecentterroristattacksonthestreetsofBostonandLondon,whenwillweseeit?“Comprehensiveimmigrationreform”meansdoingeverythingalltogetherinarush,withouttimetolookbeforeweleap,andbasingourselvesonabstractnotionsaboutabstractpeople.ThomasSowellisaseniorfellowattheHooverInstitution,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA94305.