福建省厦门市2022届高三英语第二次质量检测试题（Word版带解析）

厦门市2022届高三毕业班第二次质量检测英语本试卷共12页。满分150分。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Relaxed.B.Confident.C.Anxious.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.Motherandson.3.WhosebookswillAmyprobablychoose?A.Dickens'.B.Agatha's.C.Conan's.4.Howdoesthewomanspeakerfindtheblanket?A.Lovely.B.Low-key.C.Expensive.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?,A.Onafarm.B.Atachocolateshop.C.Inarestaurant.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howmuchdoesthemanspendonotherthingsmonthly?A.$300.B.$1,465.C.$2,365.7.Whatwillthemanprobablydotoreducethebudget?A.Bargainovertherent.B.Quitthegymmembership.C.Cutexpensesonshopping.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afunrun.B.Acartoonshow.C.Free-giftdelivery.9.Whatwillthemando?A.Organizeafashiondesignshow.B.Wearacartooncharactercostume.C.Participateinmakingtoyclothes.10.Whydoesthewomanhelpthemanintheend?A.Toliveuptohisimage.B.Topushhimtoloseweight.C.Topreparehimfortheevent.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatisSimondoing?A.Exploringthecoastline.B.Takingscenicpictures.C.Sharinghisrecenttrip.12.WherewasSimonheadedafterlanding?A.Kyushu.B.BayofIslands.C.Rotorua.13.WhatmightimpressKatemost?A.Beacheswithclearwater.B.Maoricultureandhistory.C.Thebubblingmudpool.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14Whatarethespeakersdoing?,A.Enjoyingabustour.B.Talkingonthephone.C.Makingatravelplan.15.Howfarisittothedestinationaccordingtotheman?A.About15minutes'ride.B.About30minutes'ride.C.About45minutes'ride.16.Wheredoesthemanlive?A.Intheheartofdowntown.B.Onthenorthsideofthepark.C.Onthesouthsideofthecity.17.WhydoesMinataketheman'ssuggestion?A.Toadjustherschedule.B.Toreachthedestinationfaster.C.Toimprovehersenseoftime.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhoisJohnRussell?A.Areporter.B.Adetective.C.Aresearcher.19.Whendotheseedsdateback?A.Over23,000years.B.21,130to22,800years.C.13,000to26,000years.20.WhichcontinentdidthepastmigrationpathlinkAlaskawith?A.Asia.B.Africa.C.America.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALetter1Yourarticle(November)mentionedadoctor'svisitfor“heatandcompression”treatment.Iboughtaninexpensivemicrowavablemoist-heateyecompressonlineanduseitforseveralminutesatbedtimetohelpopentheoilglands.Plus,thewarmthandritualhelpmeLetter2TheQualityInninKodak,Tennessee,turningintoashelterduringahistoricwinterstormshowedsomuchkindnessthatIreadthestorytwice(November).ForSeanPateltoopenhishoteltolocalsinneedduringthestormandpoweroutage,atChristmastimeandforjust,relaxandfallasleep.Nomoremessywashclothcompressesforme!—JulieEvansMinneapolis,Minnesota$25(thelowestpricethecorporateregulationswouldallow),waspriceless.ThetownisabetterplacebecauseofPatelandhisstaff.—AnnetteWolfeShelton,ConnecticutLetter3Yousuggestedusingtoothpickstoraiseapotlidandpreventthepotfromboilingover(October).Ipreventboiloversbyjustlayingawoodenspoonovertheopenpot.Thespoonwillpopmostofthebubblesoncontact—hasn'tfailedmeyet!—PamSnellgroveLaGrangeGeorgiaLetter4Thestoryaboutasnorkeler,CarterViss,wholosthisarmaftergettinghitbyaspeedboat(October)—andthenforgivingthedriver—wasamongthemostcompellingI'veeverread.Herewasastoryofhealthandloss,seaandshore,healingandthehopetoendureoutofthedarknessintothelight.Simplymarvelous!—LeanderJonesNorthport,Alabama1.WhichofthefollowinghighlightsLetter1?A.WeFoundaFix.B.DealingwithDryEye.C.RunOverbyaSpeedboat.D.SoNiceYouHavetoReadItTwice.2.Whoforgavethedriverafteranaccident?A.AnnetteWolfe.B.PamSnellgrove.C.CarterViss.D.LeanderJones.3.Whatdothesefourlettershaveincommon?A.Theyarenotesonpastissues.B.Theygiveadviceonhowtoread.C.Theyareremarksonhumanvirtues.D.Theyofferinformationabouthealth.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是选自《读者文摘》的四封信。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一封信“Iboughtaninexpensivemicrowavablemoist-heateyecompressonline,anduseitforseveralminutesatbedtimetohelpopentheoilglands.Plus,thewarmthandritualhelpmerelaxandfallasleep.”（我在网上买了一款便宜的微波湿热眼袋，睡前用几分钟来帮助打开油腺。此外，温暖和仪式帮助我放松和入睡）可推知第一封信突出了我们找到了解决方法。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四封信“Thestoryaboutasnorkeler,CarterViss,wholosthisarmaftergettinghitbyaspeedboat(October)—andthenforgivingthedriver—wasamongthemostcompellingI'veeverread.”（10月，一名潜水者卡特·维斯(CarterViss)被一艘快艇撞到，失去了一只手臂，然后原谅了司机，这是我读过的最引人入胜的故事之一）可知CarterViss在事故后原谅了司机。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据图片内容“anniversaryissue”（周年纪念特刊）以及四封信的具体内容，可知这四封信的共同之处是它们是对过去事情的注释。故选A。BIliveinXizhouinYunnanProvince,onthehistoricTeaHorseRoad.IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSouthernSilkRoad),thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.PaulconsideredmanyofthemheroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjournalism.IdecidedtoaccompanyPaulonhiswalktowardYunnan.OnSeptember28,2021,wesetout.Ourdaysweresimple:walk,eat,sleep,andrepeat.Wewokeupatsunrise,setoffinhighspirits,andrestedatsunset,draggingourselvesintoexhaustedsleep.Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.Together,wewereimpressedbythebiodiversityoftheGaoligongMountains.AsIwalkedon,ancientpathsthroughmountains,Iseemedtoheartheantiquevoicesofpasttravelersurgingmetobecarefulontheroad.Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures.4.HowdidthewriterfirstrespondtoPaul'stravelplan?A.Scared.B.Puzzled.C.Disappointed.D.Surprised.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulSalopekfromparagraph2?A.Hewasawesternjournalist.B.HehadaknowledgeofChina.C.HecametoChinaseveraltimes.D.HewasJosephRock'sacquaintance.6.Whatdoesparagraph4tellusaboutthewriterandPaul?A.Theyhonoredtheancestors.B.Theysetoffinhighspirits.C.Theysatisfiedthelocals'curiosity.D.Theybuiltbondswithpeople.7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter'swritingthetext?A.Toshareandreflectonajourney.B.Tosuggestanewwayoftravel.C.Toadvocateprotectionofbiodiversity.D.TointroduceandpromoteChineseculture.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗·萨洛佩克，决定陪保罗去云南。描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.(我不得不承认，当我第一次听说保罗·萨洛佩克要用自己的双脚环游地球时，我被震撼了。我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人)”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。【5题详解】,细节理解题。根据第二段“LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSouthernSilkRoad),thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.PaulconsideredmanyofthemheroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjournalism.(去年五月，我遇到了保罗。他告诉我这是他第一次来中国。他兴奋地跟我讲起我所在的中国地区的历史、移民和发现。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马之路，以及20世纪初美国植物学家约瑟夫·洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为其中许多人都是英雄，从某种意义上说，他们是中国慢新闻的先驱)”可知，保罗·萨洛佩克对中国有一定的了解。故选B。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.(我们在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围着我们，看着我们；有人给我们指路；有些人邀请我们去他们家休息；一些人谈到了家乡的魅力。我们遇见了许多美丽的灵魂，朴素的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我们在用我们的思想行走)”可知，第四段主要说明了作者和保罗与人们建立了联系。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures.(回顾我和保罗一起走过的200多英里，我有了一个认识。步行本身的好处，虽然健康和令人钦佩，但只是步行好处的一小部分。更深层次的回报是重新发现我们周围的世界，缩短彼此之间的距离，分享彼此的文化)”结合文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗·萨洛佩克，决定陪保罗去云南。描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。可推知，文章的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A。CTimezoneswerecreatedbyrailroadofficialstodealwithamajorheadache.Itwasbecoming,impossibletoknowwhattimeitwas.AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.“Fifty-sixstandardsoftimearenowemployedbythevariousrailroadsinpreparingtheirschedulesofrunningtime,”reportedTheNewYorkTimesonApril19,1883.In1883,railroadrepresentativesattendedtheGeneralRailroadTimeConvention.OnApril11,railroadofficialsagreedtocreatefivetimezonesinNorthAmerica.AndthenewstandardtookeffectonNovember18,1883.Thoughthenewtimestandardwasnotsanctionedbythefederalgovernment,theNavalObservatoryinWashingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronize(同步)theirwatches.Mostpeoplehadnoobjectiontothenewtimestandard.AnarticleinTheNewYorkTimesonNovember16,1883noted,“ThepassengerfromChicagotoNewOrleans,canmaketheentirerunwithoutchanginghiswatch.”Asthetimechangewasinstitutedbytherailroads,andvoluntarilyacceptedbymanytownsandcities,someincidentsofconfusionappeared.AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedanincidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.Incidentslikethatdemonstratedtheneedforeveryonetoadoptthenewstandardtime.However,therewereobjections.AniteminTheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailedhowthecityofLouisvillehadgivenuponstandardtime.Louisvillesetallitsclocksahead18minutestoreturntosolartime.Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.8.Whatwastheheadacheoftherailroadofficers?A.Variousrailroads.B.Differentsolartimes.C.Endlessconferences.D.Frequentpresscoverage.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sanctioned”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Approved.B.Replaced.C.Tested.D.Raised.10.Evidenceofoppositiontostandardtimewasavailablein__________.A.TheNewYorkTimes(April19,1883),B.TheNewYorkTimes(November16,1883)C.ThePhiladelphiaInquirer(November21,1883)D.TheNewYorkTimes(June28,1884)11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheUSsimplifiedtimezones.B.Pariscreateditstimezone.C.Timezoneswentworldwide.D.Timezonesprovedeffective.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时区是怎么来的。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.”可知，让铁路官员头疼的是美国的每个城镇都有自己的太阳时，即：不同的太阳时，故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“theNavalObservatoryinWashingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronizetheirwatches.”（但华盛顿的海军天文台提出通过电报发送新的时间信号，以便人们可以同步到手表）及表示让步转折的Though可知，新的时间标准没有得到联邦政府的批准，由此可知划线词词义为“批准”，故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedanincidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.”（1883年11月21日，《费城问询报》的一篇报道描述了一个事件，一名债务人被要求在10:00前向波士顿法院报告。他在标准时间9:48出现，但被裁定是在10:00之后）可知，反对标准时间的证据可以在1883年11月21日的《费城问询报》找到，故选C。【11题详解】段落大意题。根据最后一段“Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.”（到了19世纪90年代，标准时区被视为普通时区。1883,年在美国的成功采用为时区如何在全球传播树立了榜样。第二年，在巴黎召开的一次会议确立了全球时区，并最终投入使用）可知，本段主要介绍了时区走向全球，即：全球都采用时区标准，故选C。DComparedtometal,ceramics(陶瓷)canbetterresisthightemperaturesandcertainsevereenvironments,buttheyarefragile.Thispotentiallycausesproblemsforinnovatorstryingtocreatelightweightversionsofthesematerials,explainingwhyceramicmaterialsarenottypicallyusedasstructuralcomponents.Facingthechallengingtaskofdevelopinglightweight,high-strengthceramicmaterials,MechanicalEngineeringAssistantProfessorLingLihasturnedtotheknobbyseastarfromthetropicalIndo-Pacificfordesigninspiration.Seastarskeletons(骨骼)aremadeofaneasilybrokenmaterial.However,thebodyoftheseastardemonstrateshighstrengthandflexibility.Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.Whattheteamfoundwasunexpected.Theskeletonoftheknobbystarconsistsofmanymillimeter-sizedskeletalelements.Liandhisteamdiscoveredthateachisconstructedofamicrolattice(微晶)structuresouniformthatitcanbedescribedmathematically.Evenmoreinteresting,theteamfoundtheuniformstructureofthemicrolatticeisessentiallyasinglecrystalstructureatatomiclevel.Basedonthefinding,Liandhiscollaboratorsused3Dprintingtomodelandgeneratelarge-scaleversionsofthesecomplexlatticestructures,ausefulapproachinunderstandingthecomplexityoftheseuniquegeometries.Whilethe3D-printedmodelscreatedbyLi'steamwereindeedvisuallyinspiring,thetechnologyneededtobringnew,strongerceramicmicro-architecturestomarketstilllayinthefuture.Currently,3Dprintersproducestructuresatthemicrometerlevel,butprintingceramicsstillrequiresfiringthefinalproduct,whichpossiblyintroducesmanyuncontrolledtinyholesandcracks.Thesemakethestructuresextremelyfragile.Lihopesthatcontinuedadvancesinthefieldof3Dprintingandfurtherunderstandingoftheformationmechanismsofbiologicalstructureslikeseastarskeletonseventuallyofferasolution.12.WhatdoesLi'steammainlyfocusontoimproveceramics?A.Theirstrength.B.Theirflexibility.C.Theirheat-resistance.D.Theirmaincomponent.,13.Inwhichaspectdotheresearchersexploreseastarskeletons?A.Function.B.Material.C.Structure.D.Size.14.Whatisabarriertothepracticalapplicationofthefinding?A.Theinabilitytoprinttinystructures.B.Thefailuretoproducealargerseastarmodel.C.Inadequatetechnologyinheatingproducts.D.Misunderstandinginthenatureofceramics.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSecretinFragileSkeletonsB.3DPrintingforSeaStarModelsCCeramicsasPerfectStructuralComponentsD.AStarintheWorldofCeramicEngineering【答案】12A13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，陶瓷比金属能更好地承受高温和腐蚀性环境，但其易碎性往往使其容易断裂，弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“buttheyarefragile(但是它们易碎)”及第三段最后一句“Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.(揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，陶瓷易碎，Li的团队主要专注于坚固性来改进陶瓷。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Seastarskeletons(骨骼)aremadeofaneasilybrokenmaterial.However,thebodyoftheseastardemonstrateshighstrengthandflexibility.Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.(海星的骨骼是由一种容易破碎的物质构成的。然而，海星的身体显示出高强度和灵活性。揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，研究人员探索的是海星骨骼的结构。故选C项。,【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Currently,3Dprintersproducestructuresatthemicrometerlevel,butprintingceramicsstillrequiresfiringthefinalproduct,whichpossiblyintroducesmanyuncontrolledtinyholesandcracks.(目前，3D打印机在微米级生产结构，但印刷陶瓷仍然需要烧制最终产品，这可能引入许多无法控制的微孔和裂缝。)”可知，烧制产品技术不足是这一发现应用到实际中的障碍。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段最后一句“Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.(揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，文章主要讲述弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。故D项“陶瓷工程界之星”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Researchshowsthatwespendone-thirdtoone-halfofourwakinglifenotlivinginthepresent.___16___Ourbrainstransportustopastevents,imaginedfuturescenesandotherinternalthoughts.Thisallowsforintrospection(内省)—thespacetoimagine,remember,reflectandthenusethesefantasiestosolveproblems,innovateandcreate.Butintrospectioncansometimesleadtomoreharmthangood.___17___Whenwefocusinwardtoworkthroughourproblems,wemayfindthatdoingsocausesustofeelworse.Negativethoughtcycleslikethiscanmakeourcapacityforintrospectionfeelmorelikeacursethanablessing.Thefactthatintrospectionisbothahelpfultoolanddestructiveforceisagreatcontradictionofthehumanmind.Fortunately,sciencehasbeguntoexplainwhythishappens,andhowtocontrolit.___18___Thisfiresupouremotionstothedegreeofrejectingalternativewaysofthinkingabouttheissuethatmightcoolusdown.Inotherwords,weloseinsight.Onenaturalsolutiontothisproblemistozoomout—to“stepback”fromyourproblemssoyoucanthinkaboutthemmoreobjectively.___19___However,notjustanyconversationwilldo.Thekeyistofocusontalkingtopeoplewhonotonlyallowyoutoexpressyouremotionsbutalsohelpbroadenyourhorizons.Introspectioniscentraltothemakeupofthehumanmind.Thechallengeistominimizethenegativeaspectswhileachievingitspotential.___20___,A.Butitcanbewonderfultoliveinthepast.B.Wenaturallyseparatefromthehereandnow.C.Itmightcontributetoanxietyanddepression.D.Anotherwaytogaininsightistotalktoothers.E.Regulatingnegativeemotionsalsohelpstoreasonwisely.F.Negativethoughtcyclesoccurwhenwezoomintoocloseonourproblems.G.Beingawareofhowourmindsworkcanhelpusmakethebestofintrospection.【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.D20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，我们醒着的时候，有三分之一到一半的时间都不是活在当下，我们的大脑把我们带到过去的事件，想象未来的场景和其他内在的想法，这也给了我们自省的空间。文章主要说明了自省的好处以及弊端。【16题详解】根据上文“Researchshowsthatwespendone-thirdtoone-halfofourwakinglifenotlivinginthepresent.(研究表明，我们醒着的时候，有三分之一到一半的时间都不是活在当下)”以及后文“Ourbrainstransportustopastevents,imaginedfuturescenesandotherinternalthoughts.(我们的大脑把我们带到过去的事件，想象未来的场景和其他内在的想法)”可知，上文提到有三分之一到一半的时间都不是活在当下，后文则说我们的大脑把我们带到过去的事件，可见我们总是与此时此地的事物相分离。故B选项“我们自然地与此时此地分离”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Thisallowsforintrospection(内省)—thespacetoimagine,remember,reflectandthenusethesefantasiestosolveproblems,innovateandcreate.Butintrospectioncansometimesleadtomoreharmthangood.(这给了我们自省的空间——想象、回忆、反思，然后利用这些幻想来解决问题、创新和创造。但自省有时弊大于利)”以及后文“Whenwefocusinwardtoworkthroughourproblems,wemayfindthatdoingsocausesustofeelworse.Negativethoughtcycleslikethiscanmakeourcapacityforintrospectionfeelmorelikeacursethanablessing.(当我们集中精力解决问题时，我们可能会发现这样做会让我们感觉更糟。像这样的消极思想循环会让我们的自省能力感觉更像是一种诅咒而不是一种祝福)”可知，本句承接上文进一步解释说明自省带来的弊端，故C选项“它可能会导致焦虑和抑郁”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】,根据后文“Thisfiresupouremotionstothedegreeofrejectingalternativewaysofthinkingabouttheissuethatmightcoolusdown.Inotherwords,weloseinsight.Onenaturalsolutiontothisproblemistozoomout—to“stepback”fromyourproblemssoyoucanthinkaboutthemmoreobjectively.(这将我们的情绪激发到拒绝其他可能让我们冷静下来的思考问题的方式的程度。换句话说，我们失去了洞察力。解决这个问题的一个自然的办法是缩小范围——从你的问题中“退一步”，这样你就可以更客观地思考它们)”可知，后文提到从自己的问题中“后退一步”就可以更客观地思考它们，即建议不要过于关注自己的问题。故F选项“当我们过于关注自己的问题时，消极思维循环就会发生”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据后文“However,notjustanyconversationwilldo.Thekeyistofocusontalkingtopeoplewhonotonlyallowyoutoexpressyouremotionsbutalsohelpbroadenyourhorizons.(然而，并不是任何对话都可以。关键是要专注于与那些不仅能让你表达情感，还能开阔你视野的人交谈)”可知，后文提到了和人对话的注意事项。由此可知，本句是在建议获得洞察力的方法是和别人交谈。故D选项“另一种获得洞察力的方法是和别人交谈”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Introspectioniscentraltothemakeupofthehumanmind.Thechallengeistominimizethenegativeaspectswhileachievingitspotential.(自省是构成人类心灵的核心。我们面临的挑战是在发挥其潜力的同时尽量减少其负面影响)”可知，上文提到了减少负面影响，本句为本段最后一句，应说明调节负面情绪的好处。故E选项“调节负面情绪也有助于理智思考”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iloveandenjoyplayingthepiano.Sowhentherecital(音乐演奏会)was___21___,Iwasdisappointed.Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___22___mybestsongs.However,Momturnedthis___23___intosomethingworthwhile.“Youshould___24___atCarriageHouseManor.I'msurethe___25___therewouldreallyappreciatethemusic.”Tome,thiswasawin-winsituationbecausenotonlywouldIplaymoresongs,butIhavethechanceto___26___theresidents,someofwhomtragicallydidn'thavefamilies.,Themuch-anticipatedday___27___arrived.Steppingintothediningarea,Isawseveralgray-hairedpeopleseeminglyenjoyingadinnerandthe___28___.Despiteon-goingconversationsattables,___29___stillhunglikeadarkcloudintheroom.Afterintroductions,Isatdowninfrontofthepiano,butterfliesinmystomach.Butmy____30____meltedawayasIplayedon.Thedinnerhourflewby.Onewomangotupandbegantocheerfully____31____abouttheroomtothebeatofthe____32____whileotherssnappedtheirfingers(打响指).Iwas____33____toseehowmusicbroughtbigsmilestotheirfaces.Callingofftherecitalwasablessingbecauseitledtous____34____thegiftofmusicwiththosewhoneededitmost.Gospread____35____wheneverpossible.21.A.cancelledB.sponsoredC.organizedD.postponed22.A.recordedB.preparedC.composedD.sung23.A.burnoutB.letdownC.getawayD.turnaround24.A.relaxB.investigateC.performD.wait25.A.seniorsB.nursesC.guardsD.musicians26.A.cheerupB.settledownC.commentonD.huntfor27.A.simplyB.accidentallyC.finallyD.nearly28.A.freedomB.vacationC.companyD.privilege29.A.silenceB.horrorC.confusionD.loneliness30.A.desperationB.nervousnessC.frustrationD.embarrassment31.A.spinB.wanderC.danceD.glance32.A.drumsB.heartC.wordsD.music33.A.determinedB.upsetC.curiousD.amazed34.A.carryingB.exchangingC.discussingD.sharing35.A.faithB.kindnessC.messageD.awareness【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.C25.A26.A27.C28.C29.D30.B31.C32.D33.D34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的音乐会被取消，感到很失望。在妈妈的建议下，作者去马车之家庄园演奏，为孤独的老人带来欢乐。,21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当音乐演奏会被取消时，我很失望。A.cancelled取消；B.sponsored发起；C.organized组织；D.postponed推迟。根据“Iwasdisappointed.Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___2___mybestsongs.”可知，作者期待已久的音乐演奏会被取消。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我期待了很久，已经准备好了我最好的歌曲。A.recorded记录；B.prepared准备；C.composed作曲；D.sung唱。根据“Sowhentherecital(音乐演奏会)was___1___,Iwasdisappointed.”可知，作者为音乐演奏会准备好了最好的歌曲。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，妈妈把这种失望变成了有意义的事情。A.burnout烧坏；B.letdown失望；C.getaway逃走；D.turnaround好转。根据“Iwasdisappointed.”可知，妈妈把作者的失望变成有意义的事情。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你应该到马车之家庄园去表演。A.relax放松；B.investigate调查；C.perform表演；D.wait等待。根据“Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___2___mybestsongs.”可知，妈妈建议作者去马车之家庄园去表演准备好的歌曲。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信那里的老年人一定会喜欢这些音乐的。A.seniors年长者；B.nurses护士；C.guards警卫；D.musicians音乐家。根据“Steppingintothediningarea,Isawseveralgray-hairedpeopleseeminglyenjoyingadinnerandthe___8___.”可知，马车之家庄园里住着老人。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这是一个双赢的局面，因为我不仅会演奏更多的歌曲，而且我有机会让居民高兴起来，不幸的是，其中一些人没有家庭。A.cheerup高兴起来；B.settledown定居；C.commenton对……评论；D.huntfor寻找。根据“thiswasawin-winsituation”和“someofwhomtragicallydidn'thavefamilies.”可知，作者可以通过演奏歌曲让不幸的居民高兴起来。故选A。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：万众期待的那一天终于到来了。A.simply简单地；B.accidentally,偶然地；C.finally最终；D.nearly几乎。根据“Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___2___mybestsongs.”可知，作者期待已久演奏的那一天终于到来了。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：走进用餐区，我看到几个头发花白的人似乎在享受晚餐和陪伴。A.freedom自由；B.vacation假期；C.company陪伴；D.privilege特权。根据“Isawseveralgray-hairedpeopleseeminglyenjoyingadinner”可知，作者准备演奏时，恰好是老人在享受晚餐和陪伴的时间。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管餐桌上的谈话不断，但孤独仍像乌云一样笼罩着房间。A.silence沉默；B.horror恐怖；C.confusion混淆；D.loneliness孤独。根据“someofwhomtragicallydidn'thavefamilies.”可知，其中一些人失去了家庭成员，所以很孤独。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我继续演奏时，我的紧张感消失了。A.desperation绝望；B.nervousness紧张；C.frustration挫折；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据“Afterintroductions,Isatdowninfrontofthepiano,butterfliesinmystomach.”可知，作者刚开始演奏时很紧张。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名女子站起来，随着音乐的节拍欢快地在房间里跳舞，其他人打着响指。A.spin旋转；B.wander漫步；C.dance跳舞；D.glance一瞥。根据“Onewomangotup”可知，这位女子站起来随着音乐的节拍跳舞。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名女子站起来，随着音乐的节拍欢快地在房间里跳舞，其他人打着响指。A.drums鼓；B.heart心脏；C.words词；D.music音乐。根据“Onewomangotupandbegantocheerfully___11___abouttheroom”可知，女子随着音乐的节拍跳舞。故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶地看到音乐是如何让他们的脸上绽放笑容的。A.determined有决心的；B.upset沮丧的；C.curious好奇的；D.amazed惊讶的。根据“seehowmusicbroughtbigsmilestotheirfaces.”可知，作者看到他们的脸上绽放笑容很惊讶。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：取消演奏会是一件好事，因为它让我们把音乐的天赋分享给最需要它的人。A.carrying携带；B.exchanging交换；C.discussing讨论；D.sharing,分享。根据“Callingofftherecitalwasablessing”可知，作者把取消的音乐演奏会分享给有需要的人。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：只要有可能，就去传播善意。A.faith信任；B.kindness善良；C.message信息；D.awareness认识。根据“wheneverpossible.”可知，作者建议：无论什么时候，只要有可能，尽可能去传播善良。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ManyexcellentwarshipcrewshavebeentrainedonaircraftcarriertheLiaoningofthePeople'sLiberationArmyNavy.Astheonlyfemaledeckoperationofficeronit,RemilaDabulofKazakethnicity(哈萨克族),whosestory___36___(report)bythemediainJanuary,hasattractedmuchpublicattention.Beforeworkingonthedeck,Remilawasaradarandtelephone___37___(operate).ButwhenshefirstsawaJ-15fightertakingoff,theideaofworkingalongsideitcrossedhermind.___38___eagerwasshetobeacrewmemberthatsheovercamemanydifficultiesandultimatelybecame___39___(qualify).Duringherwork,Remilawearsabluehelmet,goggles,andbluesuits.AfteraJ-15lands,___40___sheneedstodoiscarrytheheavywireafter___41___(get)signalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation.“Thehigherriskourworkis,the___42___(firm)beliefweshouldhave,”saidRemila.Shehasputherbelief___43___practiceinherdailysecurityandguaranteework.Thisyear,Remilaspenther___44___(five)SpringFestivalaboardthecarrier.Remilasaid,“ImissmyparentsinXinjiang.Ilovemycareerand____45____(be)willingtoshouldertheresponsibilitytosafeguardthehappinessandpeacefullifeofmillionsoffamiliesinthemotherland.”【答案】36.wasreported37.operator38.So39.qualified40.what41.getting42.firmer43.into44.fifth45.am,【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了辽宁舰上唯一一名女性甲板作战官——哈萨克族的雷米拉·达布尔。【36题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：今年1月，媒体报道了哈萨克族的雷米拉·达布尔的故事，她是船上唯一一名女性甲板作战官，引起了公众的广泛关注。根据时间状语inJanuary可知，用一般过去时。名词story与report之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填wasreported。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：在甲板上工作之前，瑞米拉是一名雷达和电话操作员。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。telephoneoperator电话操作员。故填operator。【38题详解】考查固定结构。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终成为合格的。在“so...that…如此……以至于……”结构中，若将so+adj./adv.置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。故填So。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终成为合格的。系动词became后接形容词作表语。主语是人，所以用-ed形式形容词。故填qualified。【40题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：J-15着陆后，她需要做的是在收到信号后，携带沉重的电线跑到战斗机上，采取一系列快速安装的行动。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：J-15着陆后，她需要做的是在收到信号后，携带沉重的电线跑到战斗机上，采取一系列快速安装的行动。介词after后接动名词形式。故填getting。【42题详解】考查比较级。句意：“我们的工作风险越大，我们的信念就越坚定，”雷米拉说。“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”。故填firmer。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：她把自己的信念贯彻到日常的安全保障工作中。put…intopractice把……付诸实践。故填into。,【44题详解】考查序数词。句意：今年，瑞米拉在航母上度过了她的第五个春节。表示“第五个春节”，所以用序数词形式。故填fifth。【45题详解】考查时态。句意：瑞米拉说：“我想念我在新疆的父母。我热爱我的事业，愿意承担起维护祖国千百万家庭幸福安宁生活的责任。”根据并列连词and前句时态可知，用一般现在时。故填am。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛，请以FamilyEducationShapesMe为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1.良好的家庭教育方式；2.成长的启示。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Goodmorning,boysandgirls,ThetopicofmyspeechtodayisFamilyEducationShapesMe.Familyeducationhasalwaysdeeplyinfluencedme.Ithasbenefitedmealot.Rememberonce,myteachergavemeaprizewhenIgotfullmarksinanexam.ButwhenIgothome,mymotherfoundamistakeonthepaperandaskedmetoexplainthesituationtotheteacher.Ididwhatmomsaid.Theteacheraskedmetokeeptheprizeasarewardformyhonesty.AlthoughIlostfullmarks,Igainedthemostbeautifulqualities.Myhonestfamilyupbringinghasservedmewellallmylifeandhasclearedawaymanyobstaclesinmylife.Thankyouforyourlistening!【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以FamilyEducationShapesMe为主题，写一篇演讲稿。【详解】1.词汇积累演讲：speech→lecture影响：influence→affect奖励：prize→award,获得：gain→receive2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Familyeducationhasalwaysdeeplyinfluencedme.Ithasbenefitedmealot.拓展句：Familyeducationhasalwaysdeeplyinfluencedme,whichhasbenefitedmealot.【点睛】[高分句型1]Rememberonce,myteachergavemeaprizewhenIgotfullmarksinanexam.(运用了when引导时间状语从句)[高分句型2]Ididwhatmomsaid.(运用了what引导宾语从句)第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ShriekingToadandDancingAntKidsgotnicknamesatasummercamp,andmineisShriekingToad(尖叫的蛤蟆).IguessitwasmyfaultthatIcouldn'tgetacoolone.Abunchofuscamperswereonourfirstnaturewalk.Whenwebrokeforlunch,wesatdownonlogs.Iwasonmynutswhenatreefrogdroppedontomyshirtfromthebranchesabove.Ishrieked.ItwastotallyunconsciousandIdidn'tevenknowIcouldmakeasoundlikethat.MostkidsforgotaboutitexceptStan.WheneverIwalkedby,he'dshout,“ShriekingToad,showushowyoucanhop!”Icorrectedhimthatithadbeenaneasterngraytreefrog,notatoad,butthatjustmadethingsworse.Threedayslater,CounselorMattannouncedwewouldbepairedforatreasurehunt.Excitedwhispersspreadthroughthecamp.Butwhenheread“JayandStan”asateam,mynervesgotcompletelyfried.Stanshouted,“Great!ShriekingToad!”Thenhecalledtothegroup,andIwentredatwhatcameoutofhismouth.“Guys,ifmosquitoesarebuggingyou,askShriekingToadtoeatthem.Toadslovebugs!”Kidsroaredwithlaughter.Afteralltheteamswanderedoff,StanandIwerealone.ThenIhadagreatidea,surprisingmyselfthatIhadn'tthoughtofitearlier.Isuggestedwesplitupsoastohaveabetterchanceoffindingtreasures.“Yeah,I'dbetterdowhatI'mtoad(told).”Stanlaughedandsetoff.Tenminuteslater,Iheardsomethingthatremindedmeofmyselfafewdaysago.Irantowardthesound.IneverwouldhavebelieveditifIhadn'tseenitwithmyowneyes.Stanwasjumpingaroundnearamudpoollikeamonkey,shriekingandyellingsomethingthatsoundedjumpingaroundnearamudpoollikeamonkey,shriekingandyellingsomethingthatsoundedlike“Dance!Dance!”Seeing,himscratchingathisbodyandhittingathisclothesmademerealizewhathewasreallysaying:“Ants!Ants!”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。IrushedtowardsStanandtriedtohelphim.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thatnight,weallroutinelysataroundthecampfireandIsawStan'sworryasclearasdaylight.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Para1:IrushedtowardsStanandtriedtohelphim.Hewashittinghisclothesviolently.Ididwhatmustbedone.Ipulledhimintoamudpool.Hewasshockedatfirst,andthenhemusthaverealizedwhyIdidit.Theantswentaway.SinceStanandIwerebothcoveredinmud,wedecidedtoheadback.“Iguessyou’regoingtohaveaprettygoodstoryforeveryone,”Stansaidawkwardly.“Yeah,Iguessso.You’llprobablybeknownasDancingAntfromnowon.”Para2:Thatnight,weallroutinelysataroundthecampfireandIsawStan'sworryasclearasdaylight.Iknewhowitfelttobeteased;itwasn’tfun.IcouldseeStan’sworrywhichthenturnedintosurprise.ThenextdaywhenIwaspickedforabasketballteam,someonecalled,“Unfair!ShriekingToad’sanaturaljumper!”Stanshouted,“Knockitoff,guys.HisnameisJay.”Iwouldn’thavemindedbeinggivenacoolnickname.Butbeingknownasplain“Jay”,andStan’sfriend,turnedouttobecooltoo.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者参加夏令营时，被掉在身上的树蛙吓得惊叫，一块露营的Stan,给作者取外号“尖叫的蛤蟆”，而且作者每次经过他身边时，他总是拿此取笑作者。几天后他被蚂蚁吓得手忙脚乱，大声呼叫，正好被作者遇到了。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我冲向Stan，试图帮助他。”可知，第一段可描写Stan被蚂蚁吓到后的场面以及作者是如何帮助Stan的。②由第二段首句内容“那天晚上，我们照例围坐在营火旁，我清楚地看到Stan的担忧。”可知，第二段可描写作者没有嘲笑Stan，以及解释作者这样做的原因。2.续写线索：作者帮助Stan——Stan吃惊——Stan担忧被嘲笑——Stan维护作者——作者感悟3.词汇激活行为类拍打：hit/pat决定：decideto/determineto嘲笑：tease/laughat情绪类吃惊：shocked/surprised尴尬：awkwardly/embarrassedly【点睛】[高分句型1]SinceStanandIwerebothcoveredinmud,wedecidedtoheadback.(运用了since引导原因状语从句)[高分句型2]Butbeingknownasplain“Jay”,andStan’sfriend,turnedouttobecooltoo.(运用了动名词作主语)