山东省潍坊市2022届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）

2022届高三上学期学业水平质量检测英语试题本试卷共10页，总分120分，考试时间100分钟。注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的学校、姓名、班级、座号、考号填涂在相应位置。2．选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔（按填涂样例）正确填涂；非选择题答案必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，绘图时，可用2B铅笔作答，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3．请按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThecapitalofacountryisoftenaverypopulatedcitywheremuchhistoryhasbeenmadeduetothehigh-levelpoliticalandeconomicfunctionsthatoccurthere.However,sometimesgovernmentleadersdecidetomovethecapitalfromonecitytoanother.Capitalrelocationhasbeedonehundredsoftimesthroughouthistory.TheancientEgyptians,Romans,andChinesechangedtheircapitalfrequently.Somecountrieschoosenewcapitalsthataremoreeasilydefendedinatimeofinvasion(侵略)orwar.Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.Countriessometimeschangetheircapitalbecausetheyexpectsometypeofpolitical,social,oreconomicbenefit.Theyhopeandexpectthatthenewcapitalswillsurelydevelopintoculturaltreasureandhopefullymakethecountryamorestableplace.Herearecapitalrelocationsthathaveoccurredinapproximatelythelastfewcenturies.AsiaJapanfromKyototoTokyo-1868TurkeyfromIstanbultoAnkara-1923IsraelfromTelAviv-JaffotoJerusalem-1950 EuropePolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw-1596FinlandfromTurkutoHelsinki-1812ItalyfromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome-1871TheAmericasTheUSfromNewYorktoWashington-1800JamaicafromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston-1872OceaniaNewZealandfromAucklandtoWellington-18651Whydidsomecountriesdecidetomovethecapital?A.Tofurtherexpandtheirland.B.Touncoverancienttreasure.C.Todevelopundevelopedareas.D.Todeclarewaronanothercountry.2.Whichcountrywastheearliesttomoveitscapital?A.Turkey.B.Poland.C.TheUnitedSate.D.NewZealand.3.WhatdoItalyandJamaicahaveincommon?A.Theymovedthecapitalsmorethanonce.B.Theircapitalsweredestroyedinthewar.C.Theymovedtheircapitalsinthesameyear.D.Theircapitalsmovedbecauseoftheeconomy.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了历史上一些经常迁都的国家以及其背后的原因。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.(一些新的首都被规划和建设在以前未开发的地区，以促进发展。)”可 知，一些国家决定迁都以开发欠发达地区。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中“PolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw-1596”可知，波兰于1596年将首都从克拉科夫迁到华沙；再对比表格中其它国家迁都的时间可知，波兰迁都的时间最早。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中“ItalyfromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome-1871”可知，意大利曾经将首都从都灵迁到佛罗伦萨，再迁到到萨勒诺，最后再迁到罗马；再结合表格中“JamaicafromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston-1872”可知，牙买加曾将首都从皇家港迁到西班牙城，最后再迁到金斯敦。由此可知，意大利和牙买加的共同之处在于这两个国家都不止一次迁都。故选A。BIt’snosecretthatcollegeisexpensive.Ireceivedfinancialaid,andIwasabletocoverthecostofenrollment,books,supplies,coursematerials,andadditionalschool-relatedfees.ButIcouldnotaffordhousing,transportation,food,healthcare,orotherbasicnecessities.Thelongereachsemesterwenton,theharderthechoicesbecame.WhenspringsemesterendedthatfirstyearatcollegeIhadgoodgrades,butIdidnothavetwoquarterstomyname.IdecidedthatifIcouldaffordtobeafull-timestudent,Iwouldneedtoworkafull-timejob.Soon,Istartedworkingattheairportasacleanerofaircraftcabins.Myfirstshiftattheairportwasagraveyardshift,whereIdetailedaircraftofvaryingsizes.Duringthistotalnightshift,Ihavetodo“deepcleaning”,whichmeantcleaningeverythingandevenIhadtocheckeverysafetycompartmentandreplaceanymissingitems.Thiscouldbedisgustingwork.Anotherfactupsetmealotthatworkingattheairportandgoingtoschooldidnotfteasilytogether.Somedays1wastooexhaustedafteranightshifttogettoclass.OtherdaysIdidn’thavetimetocompleteschoolassignmentsowingtoabusyworkday.Attheendofthefallsemester,Ireceivedafinalwarningformyattendanceatmyjob.Onceagain,Iwasbetweenarockandahardplaceandhadtomakeadecision.Iwantedtogotoschoolandexcel,butIalsohadgrownaccustomedtofinanciallysupportingmyself.Ultimately,Ichosetotemporarilystopgoingtoschoolandtocontinueworking,adecision.Iwouldlaterregret.Theairlineclosedforvariousreasons.Ifeltstupid.Ihadputalotintothisjob,even sacrificingmyeducation,andnowIwouldhaveneitherjobnoreducation.I’dfinallylearnedwhatmygrandmothermeantwhensheoncesaidthatyourjobistemporary,andyoureducationisforever.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromparagraph1?A.Hemetwithalongboringsemester.B.Foodaccountedforhisbiggestexpense.C.Helefthimselffinanciallyembarrassed.D.Hisfinancialaidcouldcoverhisnecessities.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detailed”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Cleaned.B.Listed.C.Repaired.D.Replaced.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthorinparagraph3?A.Confused.B.Critical.C.Decisive.D.Diligent.7.Whatisconveyedinthetext?A.Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.B.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowilltry.C.Oneshouldbefinanciallysupportedbyhimself.D.Thesignificanceofschoolingshouldberecognized.【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在经济上陷入困境，为了负担得起成为一名全日制学生，作者开始做一份全职工作，结果因为出勤率问题收到了最后一次警告，只能选择暂时停止上学，继续工作。后来公司关闭了，作者为自己的决定后悔。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“It’snosecretthatcollegeisexpensive.Ireceivedfinancialaid,andIwasabletocoverthecostofenrollment,books,supplies,coursematerials,andadditionalschool-relatedfees.ButIcouldnotaffordhousing,transportation,food,healthcare,orotherbasicnecessities.Thelongereachsemesterwenton,theharderthechoicesbecame.(大学学费昂贵已经不是什么秘密了。我得到了经济援助，我能够负担入学费用、书籍、用品、课程材料和其他与学校相关的费用。但我负担不起住房、交通、食物、医疗和其他基本生活必需品。每学期时间越长，做出选择就越困难)”可推知，作者在经济上陷入困境。故选C。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Soon,Istartedworkingattheairportasacleanerofaircraft cabins.Myfirstshiftattheairportwasagraveyardshift,whereI”可知，作者很快开始在机场做飞机客舱清洁工，在机场的第一个班次是夜班，就要清理各种大小的飞机。故画线词意思是“清理”。A.Cleaned.清理；B.Listed.列出；C.Repaired.修理；D.Replaced.替换。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Anotherfactupsetmealotthatworkingattheairportandgoingtoschooldidnotfteasilytogether.SomedaysIwastooexhaustedafteranightshifttogettoclass.OtherdaysIdidn’thavetimetocompleteschoolassignmentsowingtoabusyworkday.Attheendofthefallsemester,Ireceivedafinalwarningformyattendanceatmyjob.Onceagain,Iwasbetweenarockandahardplaceandhadtomakeadecision.Iwantedtogotoschoolandexcel,butIalsohadgrownaccustomedtofinanciallysupportingmyself.(另一个让我很难过的事实是，在机场工作和上学不太容易兼顾。有几天我上了夜班，累得连上课都去不了。另一些日子，由于工作日繁忙，我没有时间完成学校的作业。在秋季学期结束时，我因为出勤率问题收到了最后一次警告。我又一次处于进退两难的境地，不得不做出决定。我想去上学，取得优异成绩，但我也已经习惯了在经济上养活自己)”可推知，作者很困惑。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ihadputalotintothisjob,evensacrificingmyeducation,andnowIwouldhaveneitherjobnoreducation.I’dfinallylearnedwhatmygrandmothermeantwhensheoncesaidthatyourjobistemporary,andyoureducationisforever.(我为这份工作付出了很多，甚至牺牲了我的教育，现在我将既没有工作也没有教育。我终于明白了我祖母曾经说过的一句话：你的工作是暂时的，而你所受的教育是永远的)”可推知，学校教育的重要性应该得到承认。故选D。CAfterathree-yeardelay,M+，HongKong’smuseumdedicatedtoChinesevisualculture,openedtothepublicItcontainsanastonishingcollectionofartwithworksbysomecelebrities.TheformerExecutiveDirector,LarsNittve,seesM+asequallyasNewYork’sMoMAortheCentrePompidouinParis,intermsofdepthandculturalimportance.M+wouldn’thavebeenpossiblewithoutSwissbusinessmanandartcollectorUliSigg,whoin2012donatedandsold1,510Chinesecontemporaryworksofarttothemuseum.MichaelSchindhelm’s2016documentary,TheChineseLivesofUliSigg,lookedbackatSigg’slifeandhowheaccumulatedhiscollectiontopreservecontemporaryChineseartforthreedecades.Ininterviewsof thefilm,Siggpreferstoviewhimselfas“aresearcherofChinaandofChinesecontemporaryartwhojusthappenedtobuysomeoftheresultsofhisresearch.”ChineseLinesfollowsSigg’slifeintimeorder,startingin1979,theyearthathefirstwenttoChinaasarepresentativeoftheSwisselevatormanufacturer.In1995SiggbecametheSwissAmbassadortoChina,whichlasteduntil1999.Hewasbuyingartwithanobjectiveeye,onetowardspreservingculture.Movingintothe21stcentury,ChineseartreachedinternationalattentionthankstoSigg’sefforts.HecreatedtheChineseContemporaryAntAward,anawardthatfunctionedtogetartistsnoticedbyimportantWesternartistsandgalleyowner.AIthesametime,piecesbyChineartistsweregainingmoreandmoreglobalreputations.FollowingSigg’sannouncementthathewilldonateasizableportionofhiscollectiontothesoon-to-be-openedM+museum,Chineselivesendsonahopefulnoteforthestill-growingartsceneinChina.ThedocumentaryisagoodstartingpointtofamiliarizeoneselfwithcontemporaryChineseartandthemanwhohelpedexposeittotheworld.8.Whydoestheauthormention“MoMA”inparagraph1?A.Toenrichourknowledge.B.Tomemorizeartcelebrities.C.TodeepenM+museum’spopularity.D.ToindicateM+museum’ssignificance.9.WhichidentitywouldUliSiggmostprobablyagreewith?A.Acontemporaryartist.B.AresearcherofChineseart.C.Acollectorofcontemporaryart.D.Anambassadorwithartistictaste.10.WhatcanweinferfromTheChineseLivesofUliSigg?A.SiggofferedmoneytoChineseartists.B.Siggwasthedirectorofthedocumentary.C.SiggmadegreateffortstopromoteChineseart.D.SiggwastheSwissAmbassadortoChinain2000.11.WhatisUliSigglike? A.Heisstrictandambitious.B.Heiscaringandcreative.C.Heisdevotedandgenerous.D.Heishopefulandhumorous.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章瑞士商人和艺术收藏家乌利·西格（UliSigg）对香港博物馆乃至对中国现代艺术的贡献。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheformerExecutiveDirector,LarsNittve,seesM+asequallyasNewYork’sMoMAortheCentrePompidouinParis,intermsofdepthandculturalimportance.”（前执行董事LarsNittve认为，就深度和文化重要性而言，M+与纽约的MoMA或巴黎的蓬皮杜中心一样重要。）可知，作者在第一段中提到“MoMA”是为了表明M+博物馆的重要性。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ininterviewsofthefilm,Siggpreferstoviewhimselfas“aresearcherofChinaandofChinesecontemporaryartwhojusthappenedtobuysomeoftheresultsofhisresearch.””（在影片的采访中，碰巧购买了他的一些研究成果的Sigg更愿意把自己视为“一名中国和中国当代艺术的研究者。”）说明UliSigg很可能会同意他自己是一位中国艺术研究者的观点。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Movingintothe21stcentury,ChineseartreachedinternationalattentionthankstoSigg’sefforts.”（进入21世纪，由于Sigg的努力，中国艺术引起了国际关注。）以及后文，可知Sigg为促进中国艺术做出了巨大的努力。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“FollowingSigg’sannouncementthathewilldonateasizableportionofhiscollectiontothesoon-to-be-openedM+museum,Chineselivesendsonahopefulnoteforthestill-growingartsceneinChina.”（在Sigg宣布将把相当大一部分藏品捐赠给即将开放的M+博物馆后，中国人的生活以一个充满希望的音符结束，因为中国艺术界仍在不断增长。）以及之前Sigg一直致力于宣传中国艺术，说明Sigg是一个专一和慷慨大方的人。故选C项。D Forhumans,adaptingtoclimatechangewillmostlybeamatteroftechnology.Moreairconditioning,better-designedhousesandbiggerflooddefensesmayhelplessentheeffectsofawarmerworld.Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.InapaperpublishedinTrendsinEcology&Evolution,ateamledbySaraRyding,aprofessorinAustralia,showsthatisalreadyhappening.InsomespeciesofAustralianparrot,forinstancebeak(喙)sizehasincreasedbybetween4%and10%since1871.Similartrendsareseeninspeciesofmiceandbatsgrowingbiggerears,tails,legsandwings.Allthatfitsnicelywithevolutionary(进化的)theory.“Allen’srule”,namedafterJoeAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarm-bloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerappendages(附加物)thanthoseinmildareas.Suchadaptationsboostananimal’ssurfacearearelativetoitsbodyvolume,helpingittogetridofadditionalheal.Fennecfoxes,meanwhile,whicharenativetotheSaharadesert,havestrikinglylargeears,especiallycomparedwiththeirArcticcousins.Ryding’steamcombineddatafromdifferentspeciesindifferentplaces.Nowthattheyhavelittleincommonapartfromlivingonawarmingplanet,climatechangeisthemostreasonableexplanation.Sinceanyevolutionaryadaptationcomeswithtrade-offs,itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaksmightinterferewithfeeding,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergytogrow.Honestly,studyingabroaderrangeofanimalswillhelpfirmupexactlywhatishappening.Fornow,atleast,theincreaseissmall,nevermuchmorethan10%.Thatmaychangeaswarmingaccelerates.Everylittlebitofavoidedfuturetemperatureincreasesresultsinlesswarmingthatwouldotherwiseslayforessentiallyforever.12.Whydosomespeciesgrowbiggerpartsoftheirbody?A.Theyarefollowingthenewtrends.B.Theyhavetoadapttowarmerclimate.C.Scientistsneedthemtodoexperiments.D.Largerpartstendtohelpthemfeedwell.13.Wheremaywarm-bloodedanimalshavebiggerbodyparts?A.Inmildareas.B.Inhotplaces.C.IntheArctic.D.Indesertedregions.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthechangeinanimalsfromthelasttwoparagraphs? A.Itcomesatacost.B.Itscauseisdefinite.C.Ithappensinthesamehabitat.D.Itsprocesswillendsoon.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletileforthetext?A.LivingonaWarmingPlanetB.MeasurestoRemoveHeatC.PioneeringResearchonAnimalsD.EvolutiontoSurviveHeat【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到，数百种物种显示出适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.”(动物将不得不依靠改变自己的身体或行为。)可知，有些物种长得更大是因为它们必须适应更温暖的气候。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Allen’srule”,namedafterJoeAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarm-bloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerappendages(附加物)thanthoseinmildareas.”(以乔·艾伦在1877年提出的“艾伦法则”命名的“艾伦法则”认为，生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温和地区的温血动物有更大的附肢。)可知，温血动物在炎热的地方可能有更大的身体部位。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Sinceanyevolutionaryadaptationcomeswithtrade-offs,itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaksmightinterferewithfeeding,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergytogrow.”(由于任何进化适应都会带来权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远。例如，较大的喙可能会妨碍进食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量才能成长。)可知，动物的变化是有代价的。故选A项。【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.”(动物将不得不依靠改变自己的身体或行为。)以及全文大意，本文主要讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到，数百种物种显示出适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。EvolutiontoSurviveHeat（在高温下生存的进化）符合题意。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AccordingtoTheTohokuJournalofExperimentalMedicine,laughterhasmanyprofoundphysiologicalandpsychologicalbenefits.Itcanrelaxmuscles,promotementalandpsychologicalwell-being,etc.Butwehavebecomesobusywithourdailyroutinesthatwerarelylaugh.LaughterOnlineUniversityfoundthatchildrenlaugh300to400timesonanaverage,whereasadultslaughonly17.5timesinaday.____16____Butifyoustilldon’tknowwhyyoushouldlaugh,herearesomebenefitsoflaughterforyou.◆Reducestress____17____Thereissciencebehindthis.Whenyougetstressed,yourbodyreleaseshormones.Continuousreleasesofthesehormonesmaycauseanxiety,depression,andheartdiseases.Butwhenyoulaugh,thestresshormonesgetreducedandhelpsyourelieveyoustress.◆EnsureahealthyrelationshipMyfriendandIusedtohaveissuesandnevertalkedforoveramonth.Butsuddenly,oneday,shesentmeasuperfunnymeme(表情包)whileoncall,andwebothlaughedatit.Justlaughingtogethermadeuscomecloser.____18____BoostyourconfidenceHaveyoueverexperiencedthatwhenyoulaughatafearfulsituation,youfeelmorecourageandconfidence?____19____OnceIhadtodeliveraspeechataschoolmeeting,andIfeltextremefear.Iwassweatinginbucketsandfeltasifthelandbeneathmyfeetisshaking.ButItriedtotalkwithafriendandlaughedforafewsecondsjusttoshowmyselfcool.____20____IfeltasifIcoulddothisandexperiencedafantasticsenseofconfidence.A.Laughterisapowerfulstresskiller.B.Ifyouaskme,Ihaveexperiencedthis.C.IhadangerissueswhenIwasinschool.D.Thissimplelaughterhadasignificanteffectonme. E.Italsohelpsusforgetproblemsandcherishfriendship.F.Laughtercanhelpyouthinkclearlyandmoreeffectively.G.Nowonderwhyweadultssuffermentalproblemslikeanxiety.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.B20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍大笑对我们的身心有好处，并列举了三个具体的益处。【16题详解】上文“LaughterOnlineUniversityfoundthatchildrenlaugh300to400timesonanaverage,whereasadultslaughonly17.5timesinaday.(笑在线大学发现，儿童平均大笑300到400次，而成年人一天只大笑17.5次)”说明儿童每天大笑的次数比成年人多，以及下文“Butifyoustilldon’tknowwhyyoushouldlaugh,herearesomebenefitsoflaughterforyou.(但是如果你仍然不知道为什么你应该笑，下面是一些大笑的好处)”说明大笑是有好处的，空处应说明成年人笑的少，会有坏处，G项“难怪我们成年人会遭受焦虑等心理问题”符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】上文“Reducestress(减少压力)”说明大笑的好处之一是可以减少压力，A项中apowerfulstresskiller是关键词，A项“笑是一种强大的压力杀手”符合题意。故选A。【18题详解】上文“Justlaughingtogethermadeuscomecloser.(一起笑让我们的关系更紧密)”说明大笑会有助于保持紧密的关系，E项中friendship是关键词，大笑可以帮助珍惜友谊，E项“它也帮助我们忘记问题，珍惜友谊”符合题意。故选E。【19题详解】上文“Haveyoueverexperiencedthatwhenyoulaughatafearfulsituation,youfeelmorecourageandconfidence?(你有没有经历过在一个可怕的处境中大笑，你会感觉到更多的勇气和信心？)”说明作者在问别人是否经历过这样的情况，下文应说明介绍作者的个人经历，B项“如果你问我，我曾经经历过”符合题意。故选B。【20题详解】上文“ButItriedtotalkwithafriendandlaughedforafewsecondsjusttoshowmyselfcool.(但我努力和一个朋友聊天，大笑几秒钟，只是为了展示自己很酷)”说明大笑对作者产生了好的影响，D项“这种简单的笑声对我产生了很大的影响”符合题意。故选D。 第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Wemovedintoanewneighborhoodin1990,Andywasprettymuchthefirstpersonwe____21____.Hecameacrossthestreetto____22____us.Havinglivedtheresince1967,hewaswarmandkind,fullof____23____.Hewouldintroducetouswhichbakeryforcakes,whichstoreforshoppingand____24____theoccupationsofeveryonearoundus.Andywouldproudlyandregularly____25____hisveteran(老兵)capandplaymusicwhiledoingyardwork.____26____anything,though,hedelightedintalkingaboutourkidsasmuchasabouthis.Wewatchedoutforeachother.Hewould____27____ourvegetablegardenswhenwewentonvacation;wegavehimsomeofour____28____inreturn.AndyandIwouldalsocomplainaboutthebigtrucksthatusedourstreetsasashortcut.Asmoretimewentby,wedidn’tseehimout____29____hissmalldogasoftenduetohis____30____problem,andwe’dhelpwithclearingthe____31____inthewinter.Thosetiescontinuedwithtimepassingby.Butthereal____32____ofourneighborhoodsistheirpeople—anAndy,or,insomecases,manyAndys.Ourneighborhoodsarebuiltonthem,and____33____bytheiremotionalties.Wearebetterfortheir____34____,andworsefortheirabsence.Andydiedthismonth.Iwillmisshim,morethanhe____35____.21.A.metB.recalledC.thankedD.admired22.A.treatB.greetC.criticizeD.comfort23.A.happinessB.energyC.knowledgeD.information24.A.stillB.evenC.everD.never25.A.wearB.exhibitC.waveD.hold26.A.DifferentthanB.MorethanC.BecauseofD.Insteadof27.A.dodamagetoB.stareatC.sitaroundD.keepaneyeon28.A.produceB.craftsC.cakesD.money29.A.sellingB.feedingC.walkingD.chasing 30.A.healthB.financialC.politicalD.marriage31.A.rubbishB.smogC.snowD.dirt32.A.welfareB.influenceC.tieD.faith33.A.preventedB.separatedC.widenedD.strengthened34.A.interruptionB.performanceC.situationD.presence35.A.evaluatesB.knowsC.forgetsD.regrets【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.B25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.C32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在搬到一个新社区后，安迪对作者的热情帮助，作者了解到社区的真正纽带是社区的人，社区因成员之间的情感纽带而加强。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在1990年搬到一个新社区，安迪几乎是我们遇到的第一个人。A.met碰见；B.recalled回忆；C.thanked感谢；D.admired钦佩。根据上句“Wemovedintoanewneighborhoodin1990（我们在1990年搬进了一个新社区）”以及后句“Hecameacrossthestreetto____2____us（他穿过马路向我们打招呼）”可知安迪使我们遇到的第一个人。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他穿过马路向我们打招呼。A.treat对待；B.greet问候；C.criticize批评；D.comfort安慰。根据下文“hewaswarmandkind”可知，安迪是一个热情的人，因此推知他会向我们打招呼。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自1967年以来一直住在那里，他热情善良，充满活力。A.happiness快乐；B.energy精力，活力；C.knowledge知识；D.information信息。根据上句“hewaswarmandkind（他热情善良）”可知他是充满活力的。故选B。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他会给我们介绍去哪家面包店买蛋糕，去哪家商店购物，甚至介绍我们周围每个人的职业。A.still仍然；B.even甚至；C.ever曾经；D.never从未。根据上句“____3____.Hewouldintroducetouswhichbakeryforcakes,whichstoreforshopping”可知，他甚至介绍我们周围每个人的职业。此处用even表示语气加强。故选B。 【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安迪会经常自豪地戴上他的老兵帽，在院子里干活时放音乐。A.wear穿、戴；B.exhibit展览；C.wave挥舞；D.hold握住。根据后句“hisveteran(老兵)cap（他的老兵帽）”可知安迪会经常自豪地戴上他的老兵帽。故选A。【26题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：不过，最重要是，他喜欢谈论我们的孩子，就像谈论他自己的孩子一样。A.Differentthan不同于；B.Morethan多于；C.Becauseof因为；D.Insteadof代替。根据后句“hedelightedintalkingaboutourkidsasmuchasabouthis.（他喜欢谈论我们的孩子，就像谈论他自己的孩子一样。）”可知重要的是他喜欢谈论我们的孩子，就像谈论他自己的孩子一样。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们去度假时，他会照看我们的菜园。A.dodamageto对……有害；B.stareat凝视；C.sitaround闲坐着；D.keepaneyeon照看。根据上句“Wewatchedoutforeachother.（我们互相照顾）”可知我们去度假时，他会照看我们的菜园。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们给了他一些我们的产品作为回报。A.produce产品；B.crafts工艺；C.cakes蛋糕；D.money金钱。根据上句“Hewould____7____ourvegetablegardenswhenwewentonvacation（我们去度假时，他会照看我们的菜园）”可知我们给了他一些我们菜园的农产品作为回报。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，由于他的健康问题，我们不再经常看到他出去遛狗了。A.selling卖；B.feeding饲养；C.walking步行，牵着……走；D.chasing追赶。walkthedog遛狗，结合句意。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.health健康；B.financial金融的；C.political政治的；D.marriage婚姻。根据上句“Asmoretimewentby,wedidn’tseehimout____9____hissmalldogasoften（随着时间的推移，我们不再经常看到他）”和下文“Andydiedthismonth.”可知由于他的健康问题，我们不再经常看到他出去遛狗了。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，我们帮助清理积雪。A.rubbish垃圾；B.smog雾霾；C.snow 雪；D.dirt泥土。根据后句“inthewinter（在冬天）”可知在冬天，我们帮助安迪清理积雪。故选C。32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我们社区的真正纽带是社区的人，安迪，或者，在某些情况下，很多安迪。A.welfare福利；B.influence影响；C.tie纽带；D.faith信任。根据上句“Thosetiescontinuedwithtimepassingby.（随着时间的推移，这种联系仍在继续）”可知，此处指社区的纽带。“tie”是原词重现。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的社区建立在他们的基础上，并因他们的情感纽带而加强。A.prevented阻止；B.separated分开；C.widened拓展；D.strengthened加强。根据后句“bytheiremotionalties.（并因他们的情感纽带）”可知我们的社区因他们的情感纽带而加强。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在场对我们更有利，他们不在对我们更不利。A.interruption中断；B.performance表演；C.situation情况；D.presence出席，在场。根据后句“andworsefortheirabsence（他们不在对我们更不利）”可知他们在场对我们更有利。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安迪这个月去世了。我会想念他，比他想象的还要想念他。A.evaluates评估；B.knows知道；C.forgets忘记；D.regrets后悔。根据上文我们和安迪之间是情感和上句“Ourneighborhoodsarebuiltonthem,and____13____bytheiremotionalties.（我们的社区建立在他们的基础上，并因他们的情感纽带而加强）”可知我会想念安迪，比他想象的还要想念他。故选B。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeen____36____sourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat____37____(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthat____38____(they)favouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.Nowastudyshowsthatthe____39____(grown-up)havebeenrightallalong.PsychologistsinFloridatestedhowfaststudentswroteessays____40____andwithoutmusicinthebackground.They____41____(find)thatthesoundsslowedprogressdownbyaboutsixtywordsperhour.“Thisdemonstrates____42____(clear)thatitisdifficulttocopewithlisteningandwritingatthesame time,”saidDr.Sarah.Shealsocametotheconclusion____43____itisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs.“Alltypesofmusichadthesameeffect,”shesaidinherreport.“One’sabilitytopayattentionandwritefluentlyislikely____44____(disturb)bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic,”sheadded.Dr.Sarahclaimedtheresearchdemonstratedthattheideathatmusiccouldimproveperformancewaswrong.“Writinganessayisacomplextask.You____45____(recall)informationandputtingitinorder.Butwhatisparticularlyworryingisthatmoreandmoreteenagersarestudyinginfrontofthetelevision.”【答案】36.a37.silence38.their39.grown-ups40.with41.found42.clearly43.that44.tobedisturbed45.arerecalling【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习时听音乐或做其它事情是否会影响学习效果或降低学习效率。研究表明，学习状态下注意力是非常集中的，一旦有外界声音或因素干扰，是会大大影响学习的。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：长期以来，音乐和学习的结合一直是成人和儿童之间分歧的根源。根据句意表达，此处Asourceof是......一个根源，符合题意。故填a。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：家长和老师都认为学习时保持沉默很重要，而年轻人则坚持认为他们最喜欢的声音有助于他们集中注意力。分析句子结构，此句为that引导的宾语从句，此处silent的适当形式在从句作主语，具有名词性，用silence（沉默），符合题意。故填silence。【38题详解】考查代词。句意：家长和老师都认为学习时保持沉默很重要，而年轻人则坚持认为他们最喜欢的声音有助于他们集中注意力。此处修饰后面名词sounds，作前置定语，their他们的，符合题意。故填their。【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在一项研究表明，成年人一直都是对的。结合后面动词have，可知此处名词作主语用复数形式，grown-ups成年人，符合题意。故填grown-ups。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：佛罗里达州的心理学家测试了学生在有音乐背景和没有音乐背景下写文章的速度。根据句意和句子结构，可知和后面介词without构成并列关系，表达“有和没有”，用介词with。故填with。【41题详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们发现这些声音使学习进度每小时慢了大约60个单词。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，根据从句谓语动词slowed，可知此处动词用一般过去时，found发现。故填found。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：莎拉博士说：“这清楚地表明，要同时处理听力和写作是很困难的。”。此处修饰前面动词用副词形式，作状语，clearly清晰地，符合题意。故填clearly。【43题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她还得出结论，器乐没有歌曲那么令人不安，这是一个神话。分析句子结构，此句为同位语从句。从句内容是前面名词theconclusion的具体内容，从句是完整的，用连接词that引导。故填that。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她补充道：“一个人的注意力和流利写作能力可能会受到歌曲和器乐的干扰。”。belikelytodo可能做某事，后接不定式to。由bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic可知此处构成被动语态，表达“被干扰”，tobedisturbed符合题意。故填tobedisturbed。【45题详解】考查动词。句意：您正在回忆信息并对其进行整理。根据语境，结合后面putting，此处作谓语动词，时态为现在进行时，表达“正在回忆”，arerecalling符合题意。故填arerecalling。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节书面表达（满分15分）46.你校英文报Englishsky正在举办中国航空航天成就英文征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.介绍成就；2.分享感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。AerospaceAchievementsofChina______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】AerospaceAchievementsofChinaInthelastdecade,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinspaceprograms.Whatimpressedmemostwasthereal-timeinteractivescientificlecturesconductedonShenzhou13spacecraftlastyear,whichwerebroughtlivetothousandsofteachersandstudentsontheground.Theeventhasspurredgreatinterestinspacescienceamongmiddleschoolstudentsnationwide.Flyingisthedreamofeveryone.Ibelieve,withinnovativeideasandperseverance,wehumanbeingswillbeabletoflyfurtherandfurthernotonlyfromtheEarthtotheMoon,buttotheMarsandbeyond.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生关于中国航空航天成就写一篇短文，向校英文报投稿。【详解】1.词汇积累激发：spur→arouse全国：nationwide→countrywide创新的：innovative→creative毅力：perseverance→willpower2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Ibelieve,withinnovativeideasandperseverance,wehumanbeingswillbeabletoflyfurtherandfurthernotonlyfromtheEarthtotheMoon,buttotheMarsandbeyond.拓展句：Ibelieve,becausewehaveinnovativeideasandperseverance,wehumanbeingswillbe abletoflyfurtherandfurthernotonlyfromtheEarthtotheMoon,buttotheMarsandbeyond.【点睛】【高分句型1】Whatimpressedmemostwasthereal-timeinteractivescientificlecturesconductedonShenzhou13spacecraftlastyear,whichwerebroughtlivetothousandsofteachersandstudentsontheground.（运用了what引导主语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Ibelieve,withinnovativeideasandperseverance,wehumanbeingswillbeabletoflyfurtherandfurthernotonlyfromtheEarthtotheMoon,buttotheMarsandbeyond.（运用了省略that引导宾语从句）第二节读后续写（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ANewAdditiontotheFamilyFortheinitialtenyearsofhislife,Victorwastheprinceofthehousehold.Ashewasanonlychild,hisparentspettedhimandshoweredalltheirloveandattentiononhim.Whatevertoyshisparentsbought,theywerealwaysmeantforhim.Whateverfoodwasintherefrigerator,therewasnoonetocompetewithhimtopolishitofffirst.Victorcouldleavehistoysorbooksaroundthehousewithcompleteeaseofmind,knowingthattherewasnoonewhowouldgettheirhandsonhisbelongingsandcauseanydamage.However,allthatwastochangeovernightwhenVictor’sparentsbroughtbackhisnewbabysister,Lina,fromthehospital.Withherrosycheeks,wideopeneyesandangelicsmile,Linacaughttheheartsofherparents,grandparentsandrelatives.Everyonefocusedtheirattentiononthecutebunchofjoy.Whenevershecried,hermotherorfatherwouldrushtoherbed.Shesimplycriedbecauseshewantedtobecarried.TherewaslittletimeleftforVictor.NowthatVictor’smotherhadhisbabysistertotakecareof,sheexpectedVictorhimselftodomostofthechoreshecando.Victorwasaskedtocleanhisownroom,ironhisownschooluniformandcleanhisownshoes.BeforeLina’sarrival,hehadneverliftedafingertohelpoutwiththesetasks.ThewholefamilyalsowentoutlessbecauseitwasunhealthytoexposeLinatothebacteria(细菌)beingintheoutsideworldtoooften.Victorfeltneglectedbyhisparents.HefeltthattheylovedLinamorethanhim.Asaresult,hetriedtoattracthisparents’attentionbybecomingresistant.Oneevening,Victor’sparentswerecalledupbyhisteacherbecauseVictorhadgotintoafightatschool.HisteacherhadnoticedVictor’sbehaviourandworkattitudechangingdownwardsinthepasttwomonths.Beforethat,hehadbeena modelstudent.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。Uponhearingtheteacher’sfeedback,Victor’sparentsgotlostinthought.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Victorrealizedthathisparentsstillcaredforhim.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Uponhearingtheteacher’sfeedback,Victor’sparentsgotlostinthought.SincetheirsecondchildLindawasborn,theyhavedevotedalltheirattentiontoher.Tosomedegree,theyneglectedvictor’sfeelings.Afterall,hewantedtosharethelovefromparentswithLinda.Sotheymadeadecisionthattheyshouldtreatthetwochildrenequally.Gradually,somethingchangedinthefamily.AfterschoolVictoroftenfoundsomedeliciousfoodandnewtoysonhisdesk.Whenhedidhishomework,hisfathercametohisroomandsatbesidehim,readingabookquietly,whichmadehimcomfortableandwarm.Atthattime,hismotherwastakingcareofhissisterLinda.Afterhefinishedhishomework,hismotheraskedhimtoplaywithLinda.Seeinghersweetsmile,hefeltsohappy.Victorrealizedthathisparentsstillcaredforhim.Sohewasdeterminedtohelphisparentstakegoodcareofhissister.Havingfinishedhishomework,helearnedtocleantheirroomsanddoallthechoresthathecould.Whilehismotherwascooking,heplayedwithhissisterhappily.Hecametorealizethatheshouldtakeresponsibilityforthefamilybecausehegrewup.【解析】【分析】本文以一个小男孩Victor的感受为线索展开，讲述了在Victor的妹妹Linda出生以后，父母将全部的注意力集中到她身上，这让他感到被忽略，因此他用对抗来引起父母的注意。 最后父母也意识到这一点，就做出改变，让Victor重新感受到父母的爱。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“听到老师的反馈，父母陷入沉思”可知，第一段可描写父母对自己行为的反省。②由第二段首句内容“Victor意识到父母仍旧关爱他”可知，第二段可描写Victor感受到父母仍旧爱他后的积极行动。2.续写线索：沉思——反省——改变——陪孩子——感受到爱——回报3.词汇激活行为类①全身心投入：devoteallone’sattentionto/putone’sheartinto②决定：makeadecision/makeupone’smind③.照看：takecareof/lookafter情绪类①感到高兴：feelhappy/feelpleased②幸福地：happily/merrily点睛】[高分句型1].Sotheymadeadecisionthattheyshouldtreatthetwochildrenequally.(运用同位语从句）[高分句型2].Havingfinishedhishomework,helearnedtocleantheirroomsanddoallthechoresthathecould.(运用现在分词作状语以及定语从句）