山西省太原市2022届高三英语9月月考试题试题（附解析）

太原2021—22022学年度第一学期月考高三英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）I.阅读理解（共两节；满分60分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题3分，共45分）AThesedays,therearevirtualclassrooms,virtualmuseums…Nowcomevirtualsummercamps.Forthosekidswhodon’twanttoleavehome,theycanstillenjoysummercampactivitiesthatrangefromdo-it-yourselfminiconstructionprojectsandexploringtechnologyskillstoreadingchallengesandcrafts(工艺).EnterWalmartandAmazon…Thesecompanies,notusuallyinthebusinessofpromotingsummercamps,areofferingtheirownversionsofvirtualsummercamps.AmazonThroughCampHandmade,customersareprovidedwithartsandcraftsworkshopsandagroupdiscussion.What’smore,Handmadehasawideselectionofofferingsfromcraftingexperts,whichareavailabletoallcampers.WalmartDrewBarrymore,NeilPatrickHarris,LeBronJames,MinaMenzelandToddOldhamaresteppingoutsideoftheirdayjobtoserveascampcounselors(顾问).Thecelebritieswillleadsessionsonartsandcrafts,fitnessandotheractivities.Barnes&NobleThebookstorelaunchedtheSummerReadingProgramforkidsbetweenfirstandsixthgrades.KidscanearnonefreebookatBarnes&NobleiftheyreadanyeightbooksthissummerandrecordtheminthisSummerReadingJournal.BOOKIT!Parents,joinusforourfirst-evervirtualCampBOOKIT!Trackyourkids’readingforthesummerinBOOKIT!’sdigitaldashboard.Whenkidsmeettheirmonthlyreadinggoal,theywillreceiveafreeone-toppingPersonalPanPizza.1.WhatdoAmazon’sandWalmart’scampshaveincommon? A.Theyusecelebrities’influence.B.Theyshowkidsthelifeofartists.C.Theyhelpimprovekids’practicalability.D.Theycanstrengthenkids’physicalhealth.2.WhatisspecialaboutBOOKIT!‘scamp?A.Itneedsparentalinvolvement.B.Ithasagelimitsforparticipants.C.Itaimstoformkids’readinghabits.D.Itrewardskidsforcompletingitstasks.3.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Toadvertisesomecompanies.B.Tocomparesomevirtualsummercamps.C.Topromotetraditionalcampactivities.D.Torecommendsomevirtualsummercamps.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些公司提供给孩子们的虚拟夏令营项目。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章“Amazon(亚马逊)”部分中的“ThroughCampHandmade,customersareprovidedwithartsandcraftsworkshopsandagroupdiscussion.(除了手工制作的夏令营，顾客还可以参加手工作坊和小组讨论)”以及“Walmart(沃尔玛)”部分中的“Thecelebritieswillleadsessionsonartsandcrafts(这些名人将主持艺术和手工艺方面的会议)”可推知，亚马逊和沃尔玛的夏令营都开展了手工艺活动，有助于提高孩子的实践能力。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“BOOKIT!”部分中的“Parents,joinusforourfirst-evervirtualCampBOOKIT!Trackyourkids’readingforthesummerinBOOKIT!’sdigitaldashboard.(家长们，加入我们的首次虚拟露营BOOKIT!。在BOOKIT!的数字仪表板中跟踪您孩子的夏季阅读情况)”可知，BOOKIT!的夏令营需要父母的参与。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Nowcomevirtualsummercamps.(现在有了虚拟 夏令营)”以及“Thesecompanies,notusuallyinthebusinessofpromotingsummercamps,areofferingtheirownversionsofvirtualsummercamps.(这些公司通常不从事推广夏令营的业务，但他们提供了自己版本的虚拟夏令营)”所以本文的目的时推荐一些虚拟夏令营项目。故选D。BSubtlerstar’sshinesbrightEveryonceinawhile,amoviestarcomesalongwhohasapersonalitythatshinesasbrightlyoffscreenasitdoesintheirfilms.Andfornearly40years,AmericanactressandproducerFrancesMcDormandhasbeenonesuchmoviestar.Since1984,shehasstarredinmorethan50filmsandtelevisionshows.McDormandwonherfirsttwoOscarsforherrolesinthefilmFargoin1997andThreeBillboardsOutsideEbbing,Missouriin2018.Mostrecently,shewonherthirdBestActressawardatthe93rdAcademyAwardsforherroleinNomadland.Inthefilm,McDormandplaysFern,apoormigrantworkerwholivesoutofhervanwhiletravelingtheUnitedStateslookingforoddjobs.AlthoughMcDormandwontheheartsofmanyearlyoninhercareer,therewasatimewhenshedidn’tenjoybeingacelebrity,andevenstoppedspeakingtothemediaforanumberofyears.DuringaninterviewwithYahooNewsin2015,sheexplained,“IwasstartingtonotlikethejobofactingbecauseitalsoinvolvednotjustthepromotionofwhatI’ddone,butmyself.”However,asshewasconvincedthatherplaceinthespotlightgavehertheabilitytoreachmillionsofpeople,McDormanddecidedtousethatpowerforsomethingpositive.Intheyearssince,shehascontinuedtoportraycomplexfemalecharactersthatchallengeideasofwhatawomanissupposedtobe.Also,at63yearsold,sheoftendiscusseshowimportantitisforsocietytochangeitsviewsaboutaging,especiallywithregardtowomen.Oneofherbiggestheadlinemomentscamein2018duringheracceptancespeechforhersecondBestActressaward.Sheusedtheopportunitytoencouragehercolleaguestobemoremindfulofthe“InclusionRider”somethingthatactorsandproducerscanaskforintheircontractsthatguaranteesthemoviestheyworkonwillhireadiversecrewthatincludeswomen,peopleinblack,AsianandLatinocommunities,orthosewithdisabilities.AccordingtoRefinery29,McDormandwillcontinueusingherpowertochangethesystemthatshelivesandworksinHollywood.4.WhydidMcDormandavoidthemedia? A.Shegottiredofacting.B.Shedislikedself-promotion.C.Shewasfedupwithfakenews.D.Shesufferedafailureinhercareer.5.WhatmakesMcDormandwanttocontinueacting?A.Herdesireforpowerandfame.B.Herawarenessofherselfishness.C.Herfearofbeingforgotten.D.Herwilltomakeadifference.6.Whatdoesthearticletellusaboutthe“InclusionRider”?A.ItwasfirstproposedbyFrancesMcDormand.B.Itisanecessarypartofactors’contracts.C.Ithelpsboostgenderandracialdiversityofmoviecrews.D.Itaimstoboostemploymentinthefilmindustry.7.WhatcanwelearnfromMcDormand?A.It’snevertoooldtolearn.B.Itisunnecessarytostriveforperfection.C.Weshoulduseourabilitytocreateabetterworld.D.Weshouldtakeresponsibilityforouractions.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国女演员兼制片人弗朗西斯·麦克多蒙德利用自身影响力，塑造复杂的女性角色，挑战人们对女性的固有观念。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AlthoughMcDormandwontheheartsofmanyearlyoninhercareer,therewasatimewhenshedidn’tenjoybeingacelebrity,andevenstoppedspeakingtothemediaforanumberofyears.DuringaninterviewwithYahooNewsin2015,sheexplained,“IwasstartingtonotlikethejobofactingbecauseitalsoinvolvednotjustthepromotionofwhatI’ddone,butmyself.”(尽管麦克多蒙德在她的职业生涯早期就赢得了许多人的心，但有一段时间她并不喜欢做名人，甚至有好几年都不接受媒体采访。在2015年接受雅虎新闻采访时，她解释说：“我开始不喜欢演戏这个工作，因为它不仅要宣传我做过的事情，还要宣传我自己。”)”可知，麦克多蒙德回避媒体是因为她不喜欢自我推销。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“However,asshewasconvincedthatherplaceinthespotlightgavehertheabilitytoreachmillionsofpeople,McDormanddecidedtousethatpowerforsomethingpositive. Intheyearssince,shehascontinuedtoportraycomplexfemalecharactersthatchallengeideasofwhatawomanissupposedtobe.(然而，当她确信她的聚光灯给了她接触数百万人的能力时，麦克多蒙德决定用这种力量做一些积极的事情。在那之后的几年里，她继续塑造复杂的女性角色，挑战人们对女人应该是什么样的观念)”可知，麦克多蒙德想做出改变的意愿让她想继续演戏。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Sheusedtheopportunitytoencouragehercolleaguestobemoremindfulofthe“InclusionRider”,somethingthatactorsandproducerscanaskforintheircontractsthatguaranteesthemoviestheyworkonwillhireadiversecrewthatincludeswomen,peopleinblack,AsianandLatinocommunities,orthosewithdisabilities.(她利用这个机会鼓励她的同事更加注意“包容附加条款”，这是演员和制片人可以在他们的合同中要求的东西，保证他们工作的电影将雇用一个多样化的工作人员，包括妇女、黑人、亚洲和拉丁裔社区的人，或那些残疾人)”可知，包容附加条款有助于促进电影工作人员的性别和种族多样性。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“However,asshewasconvincedthatherplaceinthespotlightgavehertheabilitytoreachmillionsofpeople,McDormanddecidedtousethatpowerforsomethingpositive.Intheyearssince,shehascontinuedtoportraycomplexfemalecharactersthatchallengeideasofwhatawomanissupposedtobe.(然而，当她确信她的聚光灯给了她接触数百万人的能力时，麦克多蒙德决定用这种力量做一些积极的事情。在那之后的几年里，她继续塑造复杂的女性角色，挑战人们对女人应该是什么样的观念)”；倒数第二段中“Sheusedtheopportunitytoencouragehercolleaguestobemoremindfulofthe“InclusionRider”,somethingthatactorsandproducerscanaskforintheircontractsthatguaranteesthemoviestheyworkonwillhireadiversecrewthatincludeswomen,peopleinblack,AsianandLatinocommunities,orthosewithdisabilities.(她利用这个机会鼓励她的同事更加注意“包容附加条款”，这是演员和制片人可以在他们的合同中要求的东西，保证他们工作的电影将雇用一个多样化的工作人员，包括妇女、黑人、亚洲和拉丁裔社区的人，或那些残疾人)”以及最后一段“AccordingtoRefinery29,McDormandwillcontinueusingherpowertochangethesystemthatshelivesandworksinHollywood.(据Refinery29报道，麦克多蒙德将继续利用她的权力改变她在好莱坞生活和工作的制度)”可推知，我们能从麦克多蒙德身上学到：我们应该用我们的能力创造一个更美好的世界。故选C。C TravelingthroughtimeAschildren,wedreamofgrowingolder;whenweareolder,wedreamofbeingchildren.Weletourlivespassusbybecausewehaveyettolearnthattheharderyouyearnfortime,thefasteritpasses.Thisishowmystorybegins.InOctoberofmyfreshmanyear,Itookanaccidentaltripdownmemorylane.Onedayafterschool,Idecidedtotakethelongwayhome.Ineededtimetothink.SooffIwent,walkingthroughthegrass.ThatwashowIcametofindagapinthefenceliningtheschoolproperty.IpassedthroughthisgapandfollowedthetreelineuntilIfoundmyselfinthefarfieldsbehindtheneighborhood.Suddenly,IremembereditwasherethroughthefencebetweentheschoolandthefieldsthatIwatchedolderkidshavingtheirhighschoolgraduationceremony.Incapandgown（长袍）,theystoodinthemiddleofthefield.TheylookedliketheywerehavingthemostfunIhadeverseenanyonehave;theylookedfree.Yearslater,Iwalkedthroughthatfieldonmywayhomefromthatsamehighschool.Thesoccernetswerelonggone,andthepaintlineshadwashedawaywiththerain,butthereitwas,justasIrememberedit.Theoldfieldfeltlikeamomenttrappedintime,along-forgottenmemory.HereIwas,standinginbetweenmypastandmypresentandtryingsohardtofigureoutjusthowallofthoseyearshadpassedmebysoquickly.Thegapinthefenceseemedlikeadistinctlinebetweenmyyears.Adoorwaybetween5and15.I’vesincegiventhisplaceaname,TempusIllud,aplacebetweenplaces.Itrytotakethelongwayhomeatleastonceamonthnow.Sometimes,whenIcrossthatbridge,Iseethatyoungerversionofmyself.Sheissoyoungandsodesperatetospeeduptime.Iseeherpeeringthroughthefenceatthosegraduatesinthecapandgown,andshe’swishingshecouldbejustlikethem.She,too,couldfeelsofreethatshemightjustgrowwingsandflyaway.NowI’mpreparingtowearthecapandgowninafewshortmonths.Butthistime,Iwishtoleavetimetoitsowndevices.Theharderyouyearnfortime,thefasteritpassesyouby.SoInolongeryearn.Thepassageoftimeisinevitable,andyoucan’tavoidit,butyoucanappreciateit.JamesTaylorsings,“Thesecretoflifeisenjoyingthepassageoftime…Nobodyknowshowwegottothetopofthehill,butsincewe’reonourwaydown,wemightaswellenjoytheride.”8.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawtheolderkids’graduationceremony?A.Jealous.B.Curious. C.Admiring.D.Unconcerned.9.WhatisthesignificanceofTempusIlludtotheauthor?A.Ithonorsherbestchildhoodmemory.B.Itbridgesherpast,presentandfuture.C.Itshowsthemiracleoffrozentime.D.Itsymbolizeshighschoolgraduation.10.Whatistheauthor’sperspectiveontimeattheend?A.Sheisaddictedtothepast.B.Sheyearnsfortimetopassquicker.C.Shewantstorunaftertime.D.Shedecidestoenjoythemoment.11.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Tosuggestthattimebringsthetruthtolight.B.Toshowthattoughtimesneverlast.C.Toexplainhowtimechangeseverything.D.Toshareherchangingattitudetowardtime.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者回想过去，分享了她对时间的态度变化。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“TheylookedliketheywerehavingthemostfunIhadeverseenanyonehave;theylookedfree.（他们看上去是我所见过的最开心的人；他们看起来很自由。）”可知，当作者看到大孩子们的毕业典礼时很是羡慕。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“HereIwas,standinginbetweenmypastandmypresentandtryingsohardtofigureoutjusthowallofthoseyearshadpassedmebysoquickly.（我站在这里，站在我的过去和我的现在之间，努力地想弄明白那些年是怎么这么快就过去了。）”以及第四段“I’vesincegiventhisplaceaname,TempusIllud,aplacebetweenplaces.（我给这个地方起了个名字，TempusIllud，一个介于两地之间的地方。）”可推断，TempusIllud连接着她的过去、现在和未来。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thepassageoftimeisinevitable,andyoucan’tavoidit,butyoucan appreciateit.JamesTaylorsings,“Thesecretoflifeisenjoyingthepassageoftime…Nobodyknowshowwegottothetopofthehill,butsincewe’reonourwaydown,wemightaswellenjoytheride.”（时间的流逝是不可避免的，你无法避免它，但你可以享受它。詹姆斯·泰勒唱道:“生命的秘密就是享受时间的流逝……没有人知道我们是如何到达山顶的，但既然我们正在下山，我们不妨享受这段旅程。”）”可知，作者决定享受这一刻。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theharderyouyearnfortime,thefasteritpassesyouby.SoInolongeryearn.Thepassageoftimeisinevitable,andyoucan’tavoidit,butyoucanappreciateit.（你越渴望时间，它就越快地离开你。所以我不再渴望。时间的流逝是不可避免的，你无法避免它，但你可以享受它。）”以及全篇叙述可知，作者的目的是为了分享她对时间的态度变化。故选D。DAnewwebsitewillallowanyoneintheworldtoaccessmillionsofwildlifephotostakenbycameratraps.Researchersinthefieldoftenusecameratrapstophotographthelivesofanimals.Thesefixedcamerashaveasensor（传感器）thatisstartedbyheatormovement,lettingresearchersmonitoranimalswithoutdisturbingthem.Thetrapscanbeusedformonthsatatime,sometimestakinghundredsofthousandsofpictures.Buttheseimages,andthevaluableinformationtheyreveal,usuallyjustsitonresearchers’harddrives,unavailabletoanyoneelse,accordingtoJorgeAhumada,ascientistofenvironmentalnonprofitConservationInternational.SoAhumadastartedcreatinganonlineplatformwhereresearcherscouldsharetheirphotos.WildlifeInsightswaslaunchedinDecember2019astheworld’slargestcamera-trapdatabase,hostingover4.5millionimages.Aswellasmakingimagesavailabletootherresearchers,thesiteusesArtificialIntelligence（AI）designedbyGoogletoovercomeakeyproblemwiththesekindsofphotos:Cameratrapsproducelotsofimagestomanuallyanalyze,saysAhumada,manyofwhichareblankimages.Manuallysortinganddeletingthesephotosisalaborioustask.Tosolvethat,aftersomeoneuploadsimagestotheWildlifeInsightsdatabase,itsAIexaminesiftheimagesweretakenfromacameratrapandautomaticallyremovesallblankimages.Ifthereisan animalintheimage,theAIwillidentifythespecies.NowtheAIrecognizesabout450animalspecies,whichAhumadasayswillincreaseovertimeasmoreimagesarecollectedfromallpartsoftheworld.Apartfromcollectingandreviewingtheimages,theplatformwillprovideanalytics（数据分析）thatcouldshowtrendsinspecies’populationfordifferentprojects.Thatinformationcouldhelpresearchersunderstandwhetheraspeciesisincreasingitsrangeorifitsnumbersarefalling.Whileopenaccessiskey,theplatformhastakenstepstomakesurethisinformationdoesn’tgetintothewronghands.“YouwillhavetoaskWildlifeInsightsforpermissiontogetthelocationsoftheimages,”saidAhumada.“Thatisanexaminationprocessthatwewillmanagecarefullybecauseweknowthatpoachers（偷猎者）andotherpeoplewithillegalpurposeswillusethisinformationtofindendangeredspecies.”12.Whatdoweknowaboutphotostakenbycameratraps?A.Theymaybeblankimages.B.Theyareavailabletoallwildlifelovers.C.TheycanbeuploadedtothedatabasebyAI.D.Theycanbeusedforphotographycompetitions.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“laborious”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Basic.B.Major.C.Tough.D.Complex.14.What’sthefunctionofAIonthesite?A.Downloadphotosfromtheplatform.B.Identifythelocationoftheimages.C.Monitoranimalsthroughcameratraps.D.Removeblankimages.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheimportanceofusingAI.B.Theimportanceofkeepingtheinformationsafe.C.Theimportanceofstartinganexaminationprocess.D.Theimportanceofprotectingendangeredanimals.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一个将允许世界上任何人访问数百万野生动物的新网站， 该网站还从事着人工智能删除空白照片和保护照片安全的任务。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Aswellasmakingimagesavailabletootherresearchers,thesiteusesArtificialIntelligence（AI）designedbyGoogletoovercomeakeyproblemwiththesekindsofphotos:Cameratrapsproducelotsofimagestomanuallyanalyze,saysAhumada,manyofwhichareblankimages.”（除了向其他研究人员提供图像，该网站还使用了谷歌设计的人工智能(AI)，以克服这类照片的一个关键问题:Ahumada说，相机陷阱产生大量图像，需要手工分析，其中许多是空白图像。）可知，由相机陷阱拍摄的照片可能是空白图像。故选A。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“Cameratrapsproducelotsofimagestomanuallyanalyze,saysAhumada,manyofwhichareblankimages.”（相机陷阱产生大量图像，需要手工分析，其中许多是空白图像。）以及“Manuallysortinganddeletingthesephotosisalaborioustask.”可知手动分类和删除这些空白照片是一项艰巨的任务。tough是艰难的。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“thesiteusesArtificialIntelligence（AI）designedbyGoogletoovercomeakeyproblemwiththesekindsofphotos:Cameratrapsproducelotsofimagestomanuallyanalyze,saysAhumada,manyofwhichareblankimages.”（该网站还使用了谷歌设计的人工智能(AI)，以克服这类照片的一个关键问题:Ahumada说，相机陷阱产生大量图像，需要手工分析，其中许多是空白图像。）可知，网站使用了人工智能以删除这类空白照片。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Whileopenaccessiskey,theplatformhastakenstepstomakesurethisinformationdoesn’tgetintothewronghands.（虽然开放获取是关键，但该平台已经采取措施确保这些信息不会落入坏人之手）可知，最后一段讲述的是确保信息安全的重要性。故选B。【点睛】第二节根据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）Itisbreakfasttime.Justwhenyoureachforthedeliciouspieceoffruitonyourcounter,youseesomethingthatmakesyoumuchlesshungry:aswarmoffruitflies!Fruitfliesaretinyinsectsthatareattractedbyripeorrottingfruitsandvegetables.Thefliesnot onlyeatthefruit,butalsolaytheireggsthere.____16____Mostpeoplewanttogetridofthesebugsasquicklyaspossible.Somepeopleusepesticidespraysonthefruitflies.____17____Luckily,thereisasafewayforyoutogetridoffruitfliesinyourhouse.____18____Cleanupanyspilledjuiceorbitsoffoodthatmightbeonthefloor.Doingallofthesethingswillstopnewfruitfliesfindingfoodorplacestolaytheireggs.____19____First,fillasmallbowlwithafewspoonsofvinegar.Then,putapieceofveryripeorrottingfruitintothevinegar.Coverthebowlverytightlywithasheetofplasticwrapandpokeafewverysmallholesinthewrapwithafork.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theflieswillenterthetrapthroughtheholes.____20____Youcaneitherkillthesefliesorreleasethemoutdoors.A.Theyaresodisgusting.B.Itwillcatchalloftheremainingfruitflies.C.Sohowdidthesefruitfliesendupinyourkitchen?D.Asmallfruitflyproblemcanbecomeseriousveryquickly.E.Thefirststepistoremoveallfruitsorvegetablesfromyourcounter.F.Thiswillkillthefliesbutspreadharmfulpoisonalloveryourkitchen.G.Youcanalsomakeatraptocatchtheremainingfruitfliesinyourhouse.【答案】16.A17.F18.E19.G20.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。果蝇是一种被成熟或腐烂的水果和蔬菜吸引的小昆虫。果蝇不仅吃水果，而且还在那里产卵。文章介绍了对付果蝇的方法和如何设置陷阱捕捉它们。【16题详解】根据上文“Fruitfliesaretinyinsectsthatareattractedbyripeorrottingfruitsandvegetables.Thefliesnotonlyeatthefruit,butalsolaytheireggsthere.(果蝇是一种被成熟或腐烂的水果和蔬菜吸引的小昆虫。果蝇不仅吃水果，而且还在那里产卵)”可知，上文提到果蝇在水果上产卵，可推测本句是在说明对果蝇的看法。A选项中They指代上文Fruitflies。故A选项“它们太恶心了”符合语境，故选A。【17题详解】根据上文“Mostpeoplewanttogetridofthesebugsasquicklyaspossible.Somepeopleusepesticidespraysonthefruitflies.( 大多数人都希望尽快清除这些虫子。有些人用杀虫剂喷在果蝇身上)”以及后文“Luckily,thereisasafewayforyoutogetridoffruitfliesinyourhouse.(幸运的是，有一种安全的方法可以让你摆脱家里的果蝇)”可知，上文提到了用杀虫剂杀死果蝇，本句应承接上文说明这一做法的弊端：在你的厨房传播有害的毒药。故F选项“这将杀死果蝇，但在你的厨房传播有害的毒药”符合语境，故选F。【18题详解】根据后文“Cleanupanyspilledjuiceorbitsoffoodthatmightbeonthefloor.Doingallofthesethingswillstopnewfruitfliesfindingfoodorplacestolaytheireggs.(清理掉任何洒在地上的果汁或食物残渣。做所有这些事情将阻止新的果蝇找到食物或产卵的地方)”可知，本段的主旨是清理掉所有的水果蔬菜，阻止新的果蝇找到食物或产卵的地方。故E选项“第一步是把你柜台上所有的水果或蔬菜都拿走”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据后文“First,fillasmallbowlwithafewspoonsofvinegar.Then,putapieceofveryripeorrottingfruitintothevinegar.Coverthebowlverytightlywithasheetofplasticwrapandpokeafewverysmallholesinthewrapwithafork.(首先，在一个小碗里放几匙醋。然后，把一片非常成熟或腐烂的水果放入醋中。用保鲜膜将碗盖紧，用叉子在保鲜膜上戳几个小洞)”可知，后文介绍了可以捕捉果蝇的装置，故G选项“你也可以做一个陷阱来捕捉家里剩下的果蝇”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theflieswillenterthetrapthroughtheholes.(如果一切按计划进行，果蝇就会从陷阱的洞口进入陷阱)”以及后文“Youcaneitherkillthesefliesorreleasethemoutdoors.(你可以杀死这些果蝇或把它们放到户外)”可知，这一装置可以抓住果蝇，从而更容易杀死它们或放生，故B选项“它会抓住所有剩下的果蝇”符合语境，故选B。II.完形填空（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Amotherbattlingbreastcancerisfeelinggratefulforthekindnessshereceivedbyacompletestranger.AmyPettenatowas____21____breakfastwithherfamilyattheMetropolisDinerwhenshenoticedanotherfamilykeptlookingatherandsmiling.Pettenato____22____theywerelookingatherbecauseofhershavedhead.“Igot____23____,andtearedup.Iwentintoself-consciousmodeaboutmy____24____.It wasthefirsttimeI’dbeenoutsinceI’dshavedmyhead,”shesaid.“Butthencamethemomentthatchangedthemeaningofthoseglances____25____.Themom____26____andsitsnexttousandtoldmeshewasa13yearbreastcancersurvivor.Sowe____27____forabitandshewishedmeluckwitheverythingI’mgoingthroughand____28____metostaypositive.”Pettenatoandherfamilyfinished____29____andaskedforthecheck,butlearnedithadbeenpaidbythekind____30____.Theyalllookedatthewaitress_____31_____andshesaidthewomannexttothemhadpaidtheirbill.The_____32_____womanwhotookfiveminutesoutofhertimeto_____33_____Pettenatoandshareherexperience.Afterthe_____34_____hadbeensharedintheSachemmoms’Facebookgroup,afriendcalledandsaidhefoundher_____35_____.ThewomanwrotePettenatoandsaid_____36_____theymightnotknoweachother,theywere“bondedaspinksisters”andshe’dpaiditforwardbecausesheknewhow_____37_____thestruggleisforPettenatorightnow.Pettenatosaysshe_____38_____herstorysootherswouldknowtheyarenotfacingthe_____39_____alone.“Myjourney,”shesaid,“isgoingtobesomebodyelse’ssupportsystem.Andpositivityis_____40_____.”21.A.cookingB.orderingC.preparingD.enjoying22.A.suggestedB.assumedC.announcedD.confirmed23.A.sadB.disappointedC.angryD.exhausted24.A.beautyB.hairC.clothesD.body25.A.fortunatelyB.similarlyC.completelyD.generally26.A.putsupB.makesupC.takesupD.getsup27.A.arguedB.discussedC.explainedD.talked28.A.remindedB.scoldedC.warnedD.persuaded29.A.visitingB.talkingC.eatingD.imagining30.A.managerB.strangerC.directorD.host31.A.puzzledB.embarrassedC.frightenedD.shocked32.A.usualB.extraC.ordinaryD.same33.A.admireB.comfortC.commentD.ignore34.A.exampleB.messageC.storyD.adventure35.A.angelB.companionC.partnerD.assistant 36.A.whileB.whenC.ifD.as37.A.impossibleB.necessaryC.hardD.dangerous38.A.publishedB.explainedC.sharedD.created39.A.raceB.campaignC.competitionD.battle40.A.wealthB.keyC.titleD.benefit【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.C26.D27.D28.A29.C30.B31.A32.D33.B34.C35.A36.A37.C38.C39.D40.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位与乳腺癌抗争的母亲在得到来自一位完全陌生的人的善意后，将这件事分享到了互联网上，并鼓励其他的患者积极乐观地面对癌症。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：AmyPettenato和家人在Metropolis餐厅享用早餐时，她注意到另一家人一直在看着她，并对她微笑。A.cooking烹饪；B.ordering点菜；C.preparing准备；D.enjoying享受。根据“Pettenatoandherfamilyfinished____9____andaskedforthecheck,”可知，AmyPettenato和家人在餐厅享用早餐。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pettenato认为他们盯着她是因为她的光头。A.suggested建议；B.assumed假设；C.announced宣布；D.confirmed确认。根据“becauseofhershavedhead.”可知，Pettenato以为他们是因为她的光头才看她的。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很伤心，哭了。A.sad悲伤的；B.disappointed失望的；C.angry生气的；D.exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据“andtearedup.”可知，Pettenato感到很伤心并哭了起来。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始对自己的头发感到难为情。A.beauty美；B.hair头发；C.clothes衣服；D.body身体。根据“ItwasthefirsttimeI’dbeenoutsinceI’dshavedmyhead,”可知，这是Pettenato理发后第一次出门，这让她对自己的头发感到很不自在。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但那一刻完全改变了那些眼神的含义。A.fortunately幸运地；B. similarly类似地；C.completely完全地；D.generally一般地。根据“Themom____6___andsitsnexttousandtoldmeshewasa13yearbreastcancersurvivor.”可知，那一刻那些眼神的含义却完全地改变了。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那位母亲站起来坐在我们旁边，告诉我她是一位13年的乳腺癌幸存者。A.putsup提出；B.makesup编造；C.takesup从事；D.getsup起来。根据“sitsnexttous”可知，那位母亲起身坐在了Pettenato旁边，告诉她自己是一个已经患了13年乳腺癌的幸存者。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们聊了一会儿，她祝我一切顺利，并提醒我要保持乐观。A.argued辩论；B.discussed讨论；C.explained解释；D.talked交谈。根据“Themom____6____andsitsnexttousandtoldmeshewasa13yearbreastcancersurvivor.”可知，Pettenato与那位母亲聊了一会儿。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们聊了一会儿，她祝我一切顺利，并提醒我要保持乐观。A.reminded提醒；B.scolded斥责；C.warned警告；D.persuaded劝服。根据“andshewishedmeluckwitheverythingI’mgoingthrough”可知，那位母亲祝Pettenato一切顺利，并提醒Pettenato要保持乐观。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pettenato和她的家人吃完后要求结账，但得知是好心的陌生人付的钱。A.visiting参观；B.talking交谈；C.eating吃；D.imagining想象。根据“andaskedforthecheck,”可知，Pettenato和她的家人吃完饭，要结账。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pettenato和她的家人吃完后要求结账，但得知是好心的陌生人付的钱。A.manager经理；B.stranger陌生人；C.director主管；D.host主人。根据“Amotherbattlingbreastcancerisfeelinggratefulforthekindnessshereceivedbyacompletestranger.”可知，他们要结账时,得知账单已经被那位好心的陌生人支付过了。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们都困惑地看着女服务员，她说坐在他们旁边的那个女人已经替他们付了帐。A.puzzled困惑的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.frightened害怕的；D.shocked 震惊的。根据“butlearnedithadbeenpaidbythekind___10___.”可知，他们都困惑地看着女服务员，因为不明白为什么会有人会为他们付钱。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位女士花了五分钟时间来安慰Pettenato并分享她的经历。A.usual通常的；B.extra额外的；C.ordinary普通的；D.same相同的。根据“whotookfiveminutesoutofhertimeto____13____Pettenatoandshareherexperience.”可知，为他们付钱的女士与那位花了五分钟时间来安慰Pettenato并和她分享自己经历的女士是同一个人。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位女士花了五分钟时间来安慰Pettenato并分享她的经历。A.admire羡慕；B.comfort安慰；C.comment评论；D.ignore忽视。此处指那位花了五分钟时间来安慰Pettenato并和她分享自己经历的女士。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个故事被分享到Sachem的妈妈们的Facebook群组后，一个朋友打电话说他找到了她的天使。A.example例子；B.message信息；C.story故事；D.adventure冒险。根据“hadbeensharedintheSachemmoms’Facebookgroup,”可知，Sachem的母亲在Facebook群中分享了这个故事。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个故事被分享到Sachem的妈妈们的Facebook群组后，一个朋友打电话说他找到了她的天使。A.angel天使；B.companion同伴；C.partner伙伴；D.assistant助理。此处将这位好心的女士称为天使。故选A。【36题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这名女子写信给Pettenato说，虽然她们可能不认识对方，但她们“像粉红姐妹一样亲密”，她愿意付款，因为她知道Pettenato现在的斗争有多艰难。A.while然而；B.when当……时候；C.if如果；D.as因为。根据“theymightnotknoweachother,theywere“bondedaspinksisters””可知，这位女士给Pettenato写信说虽然她们可能不认识对方，但她们“像粉红姐妹一样亲密”。故选A。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这名女子写信给Pettenato说，虽然她们可能不认识对方，但她们“像粉红姐妹一样亲密”，她愿意付款，因为她知道Pettenato现在的斗争有多艰难。A.impossible不可能的；B.necessary必须的；C.hard困难的；D.dangerous危险的。根据“the struggleisforPettenatorightnow.”可知，这位女土说她付款是因为她知道现在对于Pettenato来说和疾病作斗争是多么的艰难。故选C。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pettenato说，她分享了自己的故事，这样其他人就会知道，他们不是独自面对这场战斗。A.published出版；B.explained解释；C.shared分享；D.created创造。根据“theyarenotfacingthe____19____alone.”可知，Pettenato说她分享了这个故事,所以其他人就会知道她们并不是一个人在战斗。故选C。39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pettenato说，她分享了自己的故事，这样其他人就会知道，他们不是独自面对这场战斗。A.race比赛；B.campaign战役；C.competition比赛；D.battle战斗。此处表示其他人就会知道她们并不是一个人在战斗。故选D。40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：而积极是关键。A.wealth财富；B.key关键；C.title头衔；D.benefit好处。根据“and____8____metostaypositive.”可知，Pettenato认为自己的旅程即将成为其他患者的支持体系，并且(保持)积极乐观是关键。故选B。III.语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。NewYear’sEveisapublicholidayinmanyplacesaroundtheworld____41____(include)Australia,Canada,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.Schools,postofficesandgovernmentoffices____42____(close).Onthespecialeve,manypeople____43____areuptowelcometheNewYearandhaveadayoffworkhavethechance____44____(sleep)inandspendthedayeitherattendingchurchservice,visitingfriendsorrelatives,goingtothemovies,stayingin,orwatchingorplayingsports.FeastingontraditionalNewYear’sfoodisalsoa____45____(relative)widespreadpracticebutdishesvaryacrosscultures.NewYear’sDaymarksthestartofanewyearaccordingtotheGregoriancalendar(公历).AlthoughRomansbeganmarkingthestartoftheircivilyear____46____January1intheircalendar（priortotheGregoriancalendar）,the____47____(tradition)springtimeopeningofthegrowingseasonandtimeformajormilitarycampaignsstillheldonasthepopularNewYearcelebration.PopeGregoryXIII____48____(introduce)theGregoriancalendarin1582.ItwasadoptedimmediatelyinsomeareasofEurope____49____itwasnotusedinvarious______50______ (country)untilevencenturieslater.Forexample,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesstartedobservingtheGregoriancalendarin1752,inwhich11daysweredropped.【答案】41.including42.areclosed43.who##that44.tosleep45.relatively46.on47.traditional48.introduced49.but50.countries【解析】【分析】本文为说明文，主要介绍了人们庆祝除夕的方式以及除夕的来历。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除夕夜是世界上许多地方的公共假日，包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词，manyplaces与include之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故填including。【42题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：学校、邮局和政府机关都关闭了。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观情况，句子用一般现在时，主语postofficesandgovernmentoffices与close之间是被动关系，且主语为复数形式。故填areclosed.【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这个特别的夜晚，许多人都起来迎接新年，并有一天的休息时间，他们有机会睡懒觉，或者参加教堂礼拜、拜访朋友、看电影、待在家里，或者参加体育活动。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为manypeople，在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。【44题详解】考查固定句型。句意：在这个特别的夜晚，许多人都起来迎接新年，并有一天的休息时间，他们有机会睡懒觉，或者参加教堂礼拜、拜访朋友、看电影、待在家里,或者参加体育活动。havethechancetodosth.有机会做某事，该句型是固定句型。故填tosleep。45题详解】 考查副词。句意：享用传统的新年食品也是一种相对普遍的做法，但不同文化的菜肴各不相同。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词widespread用副词。故填relatively。【46题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管罗马人在公历的1月1日(在公历之前)开始庆祝他们的公民年，但是传统的春季开始的生长季节和主要军事行动的时间仍然是流行的新年庆祝活动。在具体的某一天前面用介词on。故填on。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管罗马人在公历的1月1日(在公历之前)开始庆祝他们的公民年，但是传统的春季开始的生长季节和主要军事行动的时间仍然是流行的新年庆祝活动。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词springtimeopening用形容词。故填traditional。【48题详解】考查动词时态。句意：教皇格雷戈里十三世在1582年引入了公历。时间状语为in1582，句子用一般过去时。故填introduced。【49题详解】考查连词。句意：它在欧洲的一些地区被立即采用，但直到几个世纪后才在各个国家使用。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系。故填but。【50题详解】考查名词。句意：它在欧洲的一些地区被立即采用，但直到几个世纪后才在各个国家使用。country为可数名词，前有various修饰，用名词的复数形式。故填countries。IV.短文改错（共10处错误；满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenIwasafreshmanatcollege,Ispendmostofmysparetimetakingpart-timejobintheschoollibrary.Myjobwasmaintosortoutthebooksreturningbythestudents.Thoughittookgreat efforttoputthebooksinplace,butIenjoyedmyworksomuchthatIcoulddowhatIreallylikedinsteadofplayvideogameslikeotherstudentsinthedorm.Withoutnewtechnologyintroduced,thelibrarywasequippedwithelectronicmanagements.Thismadethemworkmoreefficientlythanbefore.Thoughnotpaidmany,Icouldgainsomeworkingexperiencebeforegraduation.【答案】1.spend→spent2.taking后添加a3.main→mainly4.returning→returned5.去掉but6.play→playing7.Without→With8managements→management9.them→us/me10.many→much【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在大一时，在学校图书馆做兼职的经历和感悟。【详解】1.考查时态。句意：在我上大学一年级的时候，我把大部分的业余时间都花在了学校图书馆的兼职工作上。根据上文WhenIwasafreshmanatcollege可知为一般过去时。故spend改为spent。2.考查冠词。句意：在我上大学一年级的时候，我把大部分的业余时间都花在了学校图书馆的兼职工作上。结合句意表示“做兼职”可知短语为takeapart-timejob。故taking后添加a。3.考查副词。句意：我的工作主要是整理学生归还的书。修饰谓语动词应用副词mainly，作状语。故main改为mainly。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我的工作主要是整理学生归还的书。分析句子结构可知return在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语books构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故returning改为returned。5.考查状语从句。句意：虽然花了很大力气把书放好，但我非常喜欢我的工作，我可以做我真正喜欢的事情，而不是像宿舍里的其他学生一样玩电子游戏。此处为though引导的让步状语从句，不与but连用。故去掉but。6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然花了很大力气把书放好，但我非常喜欢我的工作，我可以做我真正喜欢的事情，而不是像宿舍里的其他学生一样玩电子游戏。作介词of的宾语，play应用动名词形式。故play改为playing。7.考查介词。句意：随着新技术的引进，图书馆配备了电子管理系统。结合句意表示“随着”应用介词with。故Without改为With。8.考查名词。句意：随着新技术的引进，图书馆配备了电子管理系统。management表示“管理”为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故managements改为management。9.考查代词。句意：这使我/我们的工作比以前更有效率。文章主要以第一人称，此处表示“我”或“我们”应用代词me或us。故them改为us/me。10.考查副词。句意：虽然薪水不多，但我可以在毕业前获得一些工作经验。修饰pay应用much，表示“很多”。故many改为much。V.书面表达（25分）52.假定你是李华，得知你所在的城市美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearSir/Madam,DelightedtolearnthatvolunteerstudentsarewantedforaChinesepaintingexhibitiontobeheldinthelocalartgallery,I’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.Thereasonsformyapplicationareasfollows.First,havingbeenexposedtoforeignteacherssinceayoungage,IcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.Additionally,yearsofbeingmonitormakesmeabrilliantorganizer,whichwillhelpalottokeeptheexhibitioninorder.ThemostimportantfactoristhatmyrelatedknowledgewillundoubtedlyhelptheaudiencelearnmoreabouttheuniqueChineseartform. Finally,I’mconvincedmysenseofresponsibilitywillmakemeaqualifiedvolunteer.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信申请做你所在的城市美术馆要举办的中国画展的志愿者。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：happy→delighted申请：askfor→applyfor除此而外：Moreover→Additionally出色的：outstanding=brilliant2.句式拓展简单句变为复合句原句：First,havingbeenexposedtoforeignteacherssinceayoungage,IcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.拓展句：First,itisbecauseIhavebeenexposedtoforeignteacherssinceayoungagethatIcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.【点睛】[高分句型1]Additionally,yearsofbeingmonitormakesmeabrilliantorganizer,whichwillhelpalottokeeptheexhibitioninorder.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。[高分句型2]ThemostimportantfactoristhatmyrelatedknowledgewillundoubtedlyhelptheaudiencelearnmoreabouttheuniqueChineseartform.这句话运用了that引导的表语从句。