上海市徐汇区2021届高三下学期学习能力诊断调研考试二模英语试题 Word版含解析

2020学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Lockthecomputerlablater.B.Leavewiththeman.C.Buyanewlockforthecomputerlab.D.Showthemanwherethelabis.2.A.Sheisverynervous.B.Shefeelscool.C.Sheissadverymuch.D.Sheisgettingcalm.3.A.They’llhaveacompetition.B.Thewomanispuzzledwiththeman’sdream.C.Theyaretotalkaboutdreams.D.Themanistowaitforthewomaninhisdream.4.A.Heistostandbeforethewoman.B.Hedoesn’tbelievetheprojectisrisky.C.Hehaslostfaceintheproject.D.Heissupportiveofthewoman.5.A.Theexamwastoodifficulttohim.B.Hedidn’tdoagoodjobintheexam.C.Heblewsomethingintheexam.D.Hedidn’ttakepartinthefinalexam.6.A.ThemanneedssomesuggestionsfromMrs.Janes.B.Thewomanisavailableallthroughnextweek.C.ThemanisonlyavailablenextTuesdaytomeetMrs.Janes.D.ThemanwantstotalktoMrs.Janesabouthisexamgrade.7.A.ShethoughtJaneandPetersplitup.B.ShewantedtomakeitupforJaneandPeter.C.ShewantedtohaveaquarrelwithJane.D.ShewashappyaboutJaneandPeter.8.A.Hermoodischangeable.B.Shedoesn’tlikeMichael.C.Sheisworriedaboutherfather.D.SheenviesMichaelhavinganewhouse. 9.A.Teacherandstudents.B.Policewomanandthief.C.Motherandson.D.Employerandemployee.10.A.Heisnotsurewhatcoursetotake.B.Hemaynotmeetthegraduationrequirements.C.Themathcourseistooshort.D.Thegraduationdatehasbeenchanged.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseveraltwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversationandthepassage.Theconversationandthepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.50millionpeople.B.150millionpeople.C.500millionpeople.D.115millionpeople.12.A.Becauseitwouldcostmoretoharvestthefood.B.Becausethefoodinthefieldwouldbesoldout.C.Becausepeopleprefermeatanddairy.D.Becausetheydidn’tknowhowtostorethefood.13.A.Becausethecostonfoodaccountsforasmallpartofthefamilybudgetineverycountry.B.Becausetheydidn’tcareaboutthecostonfood.C.Becausetheycouldgetmoremoneyonfoodfromthegovernment.D.Becausetheywerejustfondofleftovers.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Acustomer’sdemands.B.Thepredictionofacustomer’swords.C.Thepreparationofsomekeywordsacustomermayuse.D.Therehearsalofsomeanswersinfreetime.15.A.Youjusttellthecustomerthatyoucan’tunderstandandlethimgo.B.Youshouldguesswhatthecustomeristalkingaboutbygraspingsomekeywords.C.Youjustletthecustomerpickanythinghewantsatwill.D.Youaresupposedtousesignlanguagetocommunicate.16.A.TotellpeoplelearningEnglishisnoteasy.B.ToteachEnglishlearnerstoenhancetheirlisteningskills.C.TohelpEnglishlearnerstopredictwhattheywillhear.D.TointroducesomeoralEnglishstrategiesincommunication.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Usedthelibrarysearchengine.B.Reservedsomebooks. C.Readthebooksabouthisresearch.D.Beenonalibraryintroductiontour.18.A.7daysperweekB.5daysperweekC.2daysperweekD.1dayperweek19.A.Usethecomputers.B.Signupforalibrarytour.C.Findtheelectricalengineeringbooks.D.MeetMarkTaylor.20.A.Ataround12:15.B.Ataround12:30.C.Ataround1:00.D.Ataround2:00.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Cosmicraysaremysterious,high-chargedatomicparticlestravelingthroughspaceatthespeedoflight,___1___havepuzzledscientistsforyears.ButforYangJia,amemberoftheNationalCommitteeofChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC),China’stoppoliticaladvisorybody,theabilitytoseeandstudythem___2___helpgenerateinterestinscienceandspaceamongschoolchildren.Cosmicrays,first___3___(discover)in1912,havebeenanenigmaforyears,buttheirdetectabilitymeanstheycanbestudiedbymiddleandhighschoolstudentswithabasicknowledgeofphysics.Yang,alsoaprofessorandamemberoftheJiusanSociety,ademocraticpoliticalparty,proposedfurther___4___(promote)thestudyofcosmicraysonschoolcampusesatthisyear’sTwoSessions."It’sawonderfulidea.IheardapresentationfromascientistZhangChuang,andIwasquiteexcited.Ithinkitisawonderfulway___5___(share)theirknowledgewithyoungpeople.Atthattime,IheardinLosAngeles,therewerealready80highschoolshavingsuchextracurriculums,andinItaly,therewere50.ButinChina,therewerejustafew,"saidYang.AnorganizationcalledCampusCosmicRayObservationCollaboration___6___(establish)inSeptember2020topromotetheidea.Zhangheadoftheorganization,saidtheyplantobuildmorestationsonschoolcampusesacrossChina."We’vebeenworkingonbuildingmoreobservationstationsoncampuses.Atthemoment,wehavethreeinDongzhimen,andweplantosetupmore.Nowweareworkingwiththreeschoolstobuildsuchstations.Wealsotrytoputourexistingdataonthewebsitesothatstudentscancarryoutrelatedstudieswithopenaccess,"saidZhang.___7___cosmicrayobservationbelongstothefieldoffrontierphysics,expertssayintroducingittothecampushelpspopularizescienceamongstudents.ChinesescientistShenChangquan,79,___8___(guide)DongzhimenHighSchoolworkshopforsevenyearssincehisretirement.Hesaidsuchactivitiescanhelpincreaseyoungstudents’interestinscience."Byexposingstudentstocutting-edgescience,studentscanstandontheshouldersofgiants andtouchawiderworld.It’snotabout___9___beingscientists.It’sjustthatalotofadvancedequipmenttodayrequiresphysicsknowledge,andimprovingthephysicslevelofallpeopleisveryimportant,"saidShen.Talkingaboutthefutureoftheproposal,YangsaidsheislookingforwardtoseeingmoredialoguebetweentopscientistsandstudentsinChina.Shesaidtheyareoptimistic,and___10___thedifficultiesahead,thedriveforhumanstofullyunderstandtheunknowncanneverbestopped.【答案】1.which2.could##can3.discovered4.promoting5.toshare6.wasestablished7.Although##While##Though8.hasguided9.them##their10.despite##whatever【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。全国政协委员杨佳认为能够看到和研究宇宙射线有助于激发学生对科学和太空的兴趣，对进一步推进校园宇宙射线研究做出了很多努力。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：宇宙射线是一种神秘的、以光速在太空中穿行的高电荷原子粒子，多年来一直困扰着科学家。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为“Cosmicrays”，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：但对于全国政协委员杨佳来说，能够看到和研究它们有助于激发学生对科学和太空的兴趣。主语ability为第三人称单数，但谓语help使用原形，所以空格处应用情态动词或助动词do/does/did。根据句意可知，此处是指能够看到和研究它们有助于激发学生对科学和太空的兴趣，可用情态动词can表示“能够，可以”，也可用情态动词could表示“能够，可以”，但语气更加委婉。故填can/could。【3题详解】考查过去分词。句意：宇宙射线于1912年首次被发现，多年来一直是个谜，但它们的可探测性意味着具有基本物理知识的初高中学生可以研究它们。动词discover意为“发现”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语“Cosmicrays”构成被动关系，且已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填discovered。【4题详解】 考查动名词。句意：杨教授同时也是民主政党九三学会的成员，在今年的两会上，他提出了进一步推进校园宇宙线研究的建议。proposedoing意为“提出做某事，建议做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用动名词作宾语。故填promoting。【5题详解】考查todo不定式。句意：我认为这是一个很好的与年轻人分享他们的知识的方式。修饰抽象名词way应用todo不定式。故填toshare。【6题详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：为了推广这一理念，一个名为“校园宇宙线观测协作”的组织于2020年9月成立。根据“inSeptember2020”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词establish意为“建设”，和主语organization构成被动关系。主语为第三人称单数。故填wasestablished。【7题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然宇宙射线观测属于前沿物理学领域，但专家表示，将其引入校园有助于在学生中普及科学。“cosmicrayobservationbelongstothefieldoffrontierphysics”和“expertssayintroducingittothecampushelpspopularizescienceamongstudents”构成转折关系，所以此处为让步状语从句，应用连词although，while或though表示“尽管”。句首首字母应大写。故填Although/While/Though。【8题详解】考查现在完成时。句意：79岁的中国科学家沈长泉退休后，已经在东直门中学工作室指导了7年。根据“sincehisretirement”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语“ChinesescientistShenChangquan”为第三人称单数。故填hasguided。【9题详解】考查人称代词。句意：这并不是关于他们成为科学家。being在介词about后作宾语，为动名词。动名词前面可以加一个形容词性物主代词、代词宾格或名词所有格作为该动名词的逻辑主语。根据“Byexposingstudentstocutting-edgescience,studentscanstandontheshouldersofgiantsandtouchawiderworld.”(通过让学生接触尖端科学，学生可以站在巨人的肩膀上，触摸更广阔的世界。)可知，此处是指关于学生们成为科学家，应用形容词性物主代词their表示“他们的”或人称代词宾格them表示“他们”。故填them/their。【10题详解】考查介词或连词。句意：她说，他们是乐观的，尽管前面有困难/无论前方有什么困难，人类完全理解未知的动力永远不会停止。根据“thedriveforhumanstofullyunderstandtheunknowncanneverbestopped”可知，此处是指“尽管前面有困难”或“无论前方有什么困难”。空格后是名词difficulties，应用介词despite表示“尽管”或连词whatever表示“无论什么”。故填despite/whatever。SectionB Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.collectivelyB.engineC.convincedD.contributeE.distributeF.envisionedG.addressH.increasinglyI.seeminglyJ.engagementK.initiativeOceanplastichasbecomeadefiningproblemofourtime,andachallengetotheworld’sbrightestthinkersandinnovators.Withasignificantportionofplasticwasteenteringthroughrivers,theAlliancetoEndPlasticWasteissupportingtheworkofRenewOceanto___11___thelackofwasteinfrastructureindevelopingregions.ResearchpublishedinEnvironmentalScience&Technologyin2017showsthatrivers___12___dumpanywherefromahalftothreemilliontonsofplasticintotheseaseveryyear.Accordingtothedata,tenriversalonecarry93percentoftheriver-borneplasticsthatendupintheocean.Tohelppreventthisplasticwastefromreachingtheocean,theAlliancetoEndPlasticWastewillsponsorRenewOceans,alocalized___13___andinvestmentprojectfocusedonhigh-leakagerivers.AsaFoundingGlobalOceansSponsor,theAlliancewill___14___itsmaterialsandlogistics(物流)capabilities.TheNationalGeographicSocietyhasalsosupportedtheRenewOceans___15___.RenewOceansispartoftheRenewologypartnership,abrainchildofPriyankaBakaya.GrowingupinAustralia,Bakayabecamefascinatedbyscience,chemistry,andtheenvironment.TripstoIndiaasachild___16___heroftheneedtodosomethingpositiveforanenvironment___17___strainedbyplasticwaste.AtStanfordUniversity,shebecameawareofsocialentrepreneurshipandcontinueddevelopingherideasforendingplasticwasteinbusinessschoolatMIT.HowdoesRenewOceansplantotacklea(n)___18___insurmountable(难以克服的)problem?First,usingproprietary(专利的)“biofence”technologydesignedbyRenewology,plasticwasteiscollectedasitflowsdownriversandbranches.ReFencesdiverttheplasticandthuskeepitfromaccumulatingandenteringtheocean.As___19___,theprogramhasmajorsidebenefits.Theplasticcollectedacrossthedevelopingworldwillbeconvertedintofuel,whilewastepickerswillreceivecompensationdirectlytiedtothefuelgeneratedfromtheplastictheycollect.Renewologycanbecomeapowerful____20____forempoweringlocalcommunitieswhilecleaninguptheworld’strashandprovidingnecessaryfuel.【答案】11.G12.A13.J14.D15.K16.C17.H18.I19.F20.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章阐述了治理海洋塑料污染的计划。 【11题详解】考查动词。句意：由于有很大一部分塑料废物通过河流进入，结束塑料废物联盟正在支持更新海洋的工作，以解决发展中地区的废物基础设施短缺的问题。分析句子可知，不定式作目的状语，根据上文可知，有大量塑料废物进入海洋，因此推断要address“解决”废物基础设施短缺的问题，故选G。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：2017年发表在《环境科学技术》上的研究显示，河流每年总共向海洋倾倒500万到300万吨的塑料。根据下文的“fromahalftothreemilliontonsofplastic”可知，此处说的是塑料总共可以达到50万到300万吨，修饰动词dump用副词作状语，collectively“总共地”，故选A。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：为了帮助防止这些塑料废物进入海洋，结束塑料废物联盟将赞助更新海洋，这是一个专注于高泄漏河流的本地化参与和投资项目。and连接并列成分，由下文的“investment”可推断，用名词，结合句意，engagement“参与”符合语境，故选J。【14题详解】考查动词：句意：作为全球海洋的创始赞助商，该联盟将贡献其材料和物流能力。分析句子可知，will后接动词原形，根据语境可知，此处表示联盟做出贡献，contribute“贡献”符合语境，故选D。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：国家地理学会也支持了更新海洋的倡议。分析句子可知，此处选用名词作宾语，根据上文“Tohelppreventthisplasticwastefromreachingtheocean,theAlliancetoEndPlasticWastewillsponsorRenewOceans”可知，这是结束塑料废物联盟提出的倡议，initiative“倡议”符合语境，故选K。【16题详解】考查动词，句意：小时候去印度的旅行使她相信，有必要为一个因塑料废物而日益紧张的环境做一些积极的事情。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，由下文的“有必要为一个环境做一些积极的事情”说明小时候去印度的旅行使她相信这一点，convince“使信服”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】考查副词。句意同上。分析句子可知，修饰非谓语动词“strained”用副词作状语，根据句意，increasingly“日益增长地”符合语境，故选H。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：更新海洋计划如何解决一个看似不可逾越的问题？分析句子可知，修饰形容词用副词作状语，根据句意，seemingly“看上去地”。故选I。 【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如前所设想的，该项目有主要的附带好处。分析句子可知，此处是状语从句的省略，要选用非谓语动词，根据语境，envision“设想；想象”，符合句意，asenvisioned表示如同前面设想的，故选F。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：更新可以成为为当地社区供电的强大引擎，同时清理世界垃圾和提供必要的燃料。分析句子可知，形容词修饰名词，选用名词作表语，根据句意，engine“引擎”符合语境，故用B。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Todaywecontinueourseriesonecologyandconservationwithalookataparticularlyendangeredmemberoftheblackbearfamily.Oneintenblackbearsis________bornwithawhitecoat,whichistheresultofa/an____22____genethatsurfacesinafew.Localpeoplehavenamedit‘thespiritbear’.Andaccordingtothelegendsofthesecommunities,itssnowyfurbringswithitaspecialpower.Becauseofthis,ithasalwaysbeenhighly____23____bythem—somuchthattheydonotspeakofseeingittoanyoneelse.Itistheirwayofprotectingitwhenstrangersvisitthearea.Thewhitebear’s____24____isquiteinteresting.Thebear’sstrongrelationshipwiththeold-growthrainforestisacomplexone.Thewhitebearreliesonthehugecenturies-oldtreesintheforestinmanyways.____25____,theold-growthtreeshaveextremelylongrootsthathelppreventerosion(腐蚀)ofthesoilalongthebanksofthemanyfishstreams.Keepingthesebanksundamagedisimportantbecausethesestreamsarehometosalmon,whicharethebear’smainfood____26____.Thebear’sfeedinghabitsnurturetheforest____27____.Asthebearseatthesalmon,theyabandontheskinandbonesingreatamountsontheforestfloor,whichprovidevitalnutrients.Theseproducevegetationthat____28____thousandsofothertypesoflifeforms,frombirdstoinsectsandmore.Today,thespiritbearlivesoffthecoastoftheprovinceofBritishColumbiaonafewislands.Thereisgreatconcernfortheirsurvivalsinceitisestimatedthatlessthantwohundredofthesewhitebearsremain.Thebestwaytoprotectthemistomakeeveryefforttopreservethe____29____balanceoftheirforestenvironment—inotherwords,theirecosystem.Thegreatest____30____tothebear’sexistenceisthelossofitshabitat.Overmanyyears,loggingcompanieshavestrippedthelandby____31____alargenumberoftrees.Inaddition,theyhavebuiltroadswhichhavefracturedtheareaswherethebearusually____32____,andmany hibernationsiteshavealsobeenlost.Theloggingofthetreesalongthestreamshasdamagedtheplaceswherethebearsfish.Tomakemattersworse,thenumberofsalmoninthosestreamsisdecliningbecausethereisnolegal____33____onfishingatthemoment.Allthese____34____haveanegativeimpactonthespiritbear’sveryexistence,whichismadeallthemorefragilebythefactthatreproductionamongthesebearshasalwaysbeen____35____low.Whileitisimportanttomaintainthespiritbear’shabitat,therealsoneedstobemoreemphasisonitsexpansion.Themoveisjustifiedasitwillalsocreatespaceforotherbearsthatarelosingtheirhomes..A.originallyB.actuallyC.speciallyD.cautiously22.A.externalB.scarceC.circularD.special23.A.justifiedB.threatenedC.regardedD.instructed24.A.habitatB.behaviorC.habitD.data25.A.MoreoverB.ForexampleC.InotherwordsD.Inaddition26.A.originB.issueC.resourceD.source27.A.bythewayB.inreturnC.tosomeextentD.onthecontrary28.A.stimulatesB.owesC.originatesD.sustains29.A.typicalB.specificC.delicateD.original30.A.threatB.symbolC.signD.effect31.A.callinginB.cuttingdownC.pushingaroundD.wearingout32.A.feedsB.sleepsC.revealsD.indicates33.A.possibilityB.ambitionC.limitD.law34.A.doubtsB.influencesC.guaranteesD.continues35.A.optimisticallyB.reliablyC.fundamentallyD.disappointingly【答案】.B22.D23.C24.A25.B26.D27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑熊家族中特别濒危的成员白灵熊的特点、习性、与原始森林的息息相关和面临的濒危现状。 【题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，十分之一的黑熊生来就有白色的皮毛，这是少数黑熊身上出现的一种特殊基因的结果。A.originally最初，起初；B.actually实际上；C.specially特别地；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据“Oneintenblackbearsisbornwithawhitecoat”可知，此处是在陈述一个事实，所以是“事实上，实际上”。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，十分之一的黑熊生来就有白色的皮毛，这是少数黑熊身上出现的一种特殊基因的结果。A.external外部的；B.scarce缺乏的，不足的；C.circular循环的；D.special特殊的。根据“surfacesinafew”可知，此处是指特殊基因。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，它一直受到他们的高度尊重——以至于他们不会向任何人提起它。A.justified证明合法；B.threatened威胁；C.regarded尊重；D.instructed指导。根据“itssnowyfurbringswithitaspecialpower”(它雪白的皮毛给它带来了一种特殊的力量)可知，此处是指人们非常尊重这种熊。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：白熊的栖息地很有趣。A.habitat栖息地；B.behavior行为；C.habit习惯；D.data数据。根据“Thebear’sstrongrelationshipwiththeold-growthrainforestisacomplexone.Thewhitebearreliesonthehugecenturies-oldtreesintheforestinmanyways.”(这种熊与原始雨林的紧密关系是复杂的。白熊在很多方面都依赖森林里巨大的数百年树龄的树木。)可知，此处是指白熊的栖息地很有趣。故选A。【25题详解】考查副词和介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，古老的树木有非常长的根，有助于防止沿着许多鱼溪的河岸的土壤侵蚀。A.Moreover并且；B.Forexample例如；C.Inotherwords换句话说；D.Inaddition另外。“theold-growthtreeshaveextremelylongrootsthathelppreventerosion(腐蚀)ofthesoilalongthebanksofthemanyfishstreams”是对前文中白熊在很多方面都依赖森林里巨大的数百年树龄的树木的举例。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持这些河岸不受破坏是很重要的，因为这些溪流是鲑鱼的家园，而鲑鱼是熊的主要食物来源。A.origin起源；B.issue问题；C.resource资源；D.source来源。根据salmon可知，此处是指鲑鱼是熊的主要食物来源。故选D。【27题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：熊的进食习惯反过来滋养了森林。A.bytheway顺便说说，顺便问一下；B.inreturn作为报答；C.tosomeextent在一定程度上；D.onthecontrary恰恰相反。根据“Thebear’sfeedinghabitsnurturetheforest” 可知，此处是指森林哺育熊，而作为回报，熊也滋养了森林。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些植物支撑着从鸟类到昆虫等成千上万种其他生命形式。A.stimulates刺激；B.owes欠；C.originates引起；D.sustains维持，支撑。根据“thousandsofothertypesoflifeforms”和vegetation可知，此处是指这些植物支撑着成千上万种其他生命形式。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保护他们最好的方法就是尽力保护他们森林环境的微妙平衡，换句话说，就是他们的生态系统。A.typical典型的；B.specific具体的；C.delicate微妙的；D.original首创的。根据“Thebear’sstrongrelationshipwiththeold-growthrainforestisacomplexone.”可知，此处是指他们森林环境的微妙平衡。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：熊生存的最大威胁是失去它的栖息地。A.threat威胁；B.symbol象征；C.sign迹象；D.effect影响。根据“thelossofitshabitat”可知，此处是指熊生存的最大威胁。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，伐木公司砍伐了大量的树木，把这片土地夷为平地。A.callingin召集；B.cuttingdown砍伐；C.pushingaround摆布；D.wearingout磨损，耗尽。根据“loggingcompanies”可知，此处是指伐木公司砍伐了大量的树木。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们还修建了道路，使熊通常觅食的地区断裂，许多冬眠地点也已丢失。A.feeds进食；B.sleeps睡眠；C.reveals显示；D.indicates表明。根据“manyhibernationsiteshavealsobeenlost”和“Theloggingofthetreesalongthestreamshasdamagedtheplaceswherethebearsfish.”(沿河砍伐树木破坏了熊捕鱼的地方。)可知，此处是指熊通常觅食的地区。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，这些河流中的鲑鱼数量正在下降，因为目前没有对捕鱼的法律限制。A.possibility可能性；B.ambition野心；C.limit限制；D.law法律。根据“thenumberofsalmoninthosestreamsisdeclining”可知，此处是指目前没有对捕鱼的法律限制。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些影响都对白灵熊的生存产生了负面影响，而白灵熊的繁殖率一直低得令人失望，这使得白灵熊的生存变得更加脆弱。A.doubts怀疑；B.influences影响；C.guarantees保证；D.continues继续。根据“haveanegativeimpact” 可知，此处是指所有这些影响。故选B。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所有这些影响都对白灵熊的生存产生了负面影响，而白灵熊的繁殖率一直低得令人失望，这使得白灵熊的生存变得更加脆弱。A.optimistically乐观地；B.reliably可靠地；C.fundamentally根本地，从根本上；D.disappointingly令人失望地。根据low可知，此处是指白灵熊的繁殖率一直低得令人失望。故选D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ANotenoughAmericanstudentswanttobeengineers,mathematicians,orscientists.Thefederalgovernmentwantstochangethat.Theyarespendingmoneytodoit.ThegovernmentwillinvestthreebilliondollarsintheeducationofyoungAmericansinscience,technology,engineeringandmath.ThefourareastogetherarekownasSTEM.ManyjobsintheSTEMfieldswillopeninthecomingyears.TheU.S.government’sinvestmentaimstoincreasethenumberofAmericanswhocantakethosejobs.YetgirlsappearfarlessinterestedinSTEMsubjectsthanboys.Only25percentofSTEMstudentsaregirls.DebbieSterlingisanengineer.Sheinventedaconstructiontoyforgirls.Thenameofthetoyis"GoldieBlox."Ms.SterlinghopesGoldieBloxwillhelpgirlsdevelopskillsinspaceandshapes,whichhelpengineersandbuilderstothinkaboutobjectsinthreedimensions.Tointerestgirls,Sterlingcreatedthecharacter"Goldie."Goldiedoesnotcareaboutbeautyorclothes.Goldietellsstories,solvesdifficultproblemsandcreatesimaginaryworlds.Miaisaseven-year-oldgirlwholikesscience.Inherroom,shehasnofashiondolls.Instead,shehasapegboard,wheels,blocksandaninventor’sjournaltowriteherobservations.MiareceivedasetofGoldieBloxfromhergrandmother.Shelearnedtomakemachinewiththeblocks."Whenmygrandmotherfirstsentmethepresent,aspinningmachine,Iwasreallyexcited.Iknewithadtodowithengineering,soIgrabbedtheboxandopenedit.ThenIwentformore——Iwenttothewebsite;IwentonYouTubetofindmorevideos.MymomaskedmewhyIwasjustwatchingvideosinsteadofbuilding.ItoldherIdidn’thaveenoughpieces.Shegotmethebuildersurvivalkit."ExpertssayparentsshoulddomorethanjustbuytoystointeresttheirgirlsinSTEMsubjects.Theyshouldalsoprovideagoodeducation.Atschool,girlsshouldparticipateinprojectsthatrequireteamworkandcreativethinking.WomeninscientificandtechnicaljobsarealsoworkingtoencourageyoungwomentoexploreSTEM.OneisAnuTewary.ShestudiedAppliedPhysicsandworkedfortechnologycompanies.Aftershehadadaughter,shestartedTechnovatiChallenge.Thechallengeisaninternational competitionforyoungwomenfrom10to18yearsold.Thereisagoodchancethatsoonmoreyoungwomenusingmobilephoneswillalsobedevelopingprogramsforthem.36.WecanlearnaboutSTEMthat________.A.TheU.SgovernmentwillinvestinSTEMeducation.B.ThemarketofSTEMwillbehighlycompetitive.C.GirlslikeSTEMbetterthanboys.D.Stemstandsforscience,technology,economy,andmath.37.WhydoesMialikeGoldieblox?A.BecauseGoldiecaresaboutbeauty.B.Becausehergrandmotherfirstsentherthepresent.C.BecauseMialikesengineering.D.Becausetherearevideostowatch.38.WhatshouldbedonetohelpgirlstobemoreinterestedinSTEM?A.Parentsshouldbuymoregiftsforthem.B.Schoolsshouldbeencouragedtosetupcoursesaboutteamworkandcreativethinking.C.WomeninSTEMjobsshouldencouragethemtojoin.D.Moremobilephoneprogramshouldbedevelopedforthem.【答案】36.A37.C38.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。针对没有足够的美国学生对科学和技术工作感兴趣的问题，社会各方采取措施努力提高孩子们尤其是女孩们的兴趣。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三段和第四段“ThegovernmentwillinvestthreebilliondollarsintheeducationofyoungAmericansinscience,technology,engineeringandmath.ThefourareastogetherarekownasSTEM.”(政府将投资30亿美元在科学、技术、工程和数学方面教育美国年轻人。这四个领域统称为STEM。)可知，美国政府将投资于STEM教育。故选A。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和第二句“Whenmygrandmotherfirstsentmethepresent,aspinningmachine,Iwasreallyexcited.Iknewithadtodowithengineering,soIgrabbedtheboxandopenedit.”(当我的祖母第一次送我礼物，一个纺纱机，我真的很兴奋。我知道这和工程学有关，所以我抓起盒子打开了。)可知，因为米娅喜欢工程学。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“WomeninscientificandtechnicaljobsarealsoworkingtoencourageyoungwomentoexploreSTEM” (从事科学和技术工作的女性也在努力鼓励年轻女性探索STEM)可知，从事科学和技术工作的女性应该鼓励女孩加入，帮助女孩们对科学和技术工作更感兴趣。故选C。BOnedictionarybroadlydefinestheword“crisis”as“acrucialturningpointintheprogressofanaffairorofaseriesofevents,asinpolitics,business,astory,orplay…”Thispaperwillattempttodefineamuchnarrowerbutextremelysignificantaspectofcrisis:personalcrisis.Sometimesourmoreorlesssteadyprogressthroughlifecomestoajoltinghalt(止步).Somethingunexpected,shocking,frightening,threatening,anddisastroushappens---acrisis.Suchadevelopmentcandisturbrelationships,interferewithworkefficiency,andcauseconfusion,disorganization,andseriousemotionalupheaval(剧变).Solutionsthathaveworkedforusinsolvingpastproblemsnolongerproveadequate.Asanxietyincreases,ourpowerstocopewithitcorrespondinglydecrease.Thecrisisquicklyleadstofrustration;wefeelhelplesseithertoescapefromtheproblemortoresolveitsuccessfully.Manypeoplethinkofcrisisasbeingconnectedonlywithunhappyorunpleasantevents.Thisisnotthecase.Crisiscanoccurasaresultofanychange,evenonethatisgenerallywelcomed:marriage,birthofachild,graduationfromschoolorcollege,orelectiontopublicoffice.Crisesaregenerallyoftwotypes.First,therearetheexpected,maturationalcrisesweexperienceattimesoflifedevelopmentandchange.Examplesofthisincludeachild’sfirstenrollmentinschoolorhistransferatalateragetonewschool.Theseeventsmayprecipitate(促成)acrisis---bothfortheyoungsterandhisparents.Anothertimewhencrisiscanbeexpectedisduringadolescence.Thesecondtypeofcrisisistheunexpected,accidentalkind.Thiscanstemfrommanysources:becominginvolvedinalegalsuit,havinganautomobilescrash,beingfiredfromajob,losingalargesumofmoney,orfallingsuddenlyill.Severeillnesswillcreateacrisisnotonlyfortheindividualconcernedbutalsoforhisfamily.Andanillnessmayitselfbecausedbyanemotionalcrisis,suchasthedeathofaspouse,offspring,orsibling.Inarecentattitudesurvey,researchersgatheredinformationtodeterminewhichcrisissituationsinlifeweremostlikelytoprecede(领先于)illness.Thestudyshowedthatthethreemoststressfullifeeventsweredeathofaspouse,divorce,andmaritalseparation.Othereventsthatfelltowardthetopofthecrisisscalewereajailterm,deathofaclosefamilymember,personalinjuryorillness,marriage,losingone’sjob,maritalresolution,retirement,changeinthehealthofafamilymember,pregnancy,gainofanewfamilymember,businessreadjustment,andchangeinfinancialstate.39.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostproperdefinitionof“crisis”?A.Apointormomentofgreatdanger,difficulty,oruncertainty.B.Acrucialturningpointintheprocessofanaffairorofaseriesofevents,eitherexpectedorunexpected.C.Thetimeinaseriousillnessatwhichthereisasuddenchangeforbetterorworse.D.Aresultofchange. 40.AllthefollowingmaybecausesofacrisisEXCEPT________.A.pregnancyB.graduationfromhighschoolC.steadyprogressthroughlifeD.adolescence41.Theword“maturational”inline1Paragraph4mostprobablymeans________.A.relatedtogrowthB.relatedtoyoungstersC.pleasantD.welcomed42.Illness,intheauthor’sopinion,is________crisis.A.acauseofB.aresultofC.neitheracausenoraresultofD.eitheracauseoraresultof【答案】39.B40.C41.A42.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章从危机的一个更狭窄但极其重要的方面——个人危机来介绍危机的定义。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“acrucialturningpointintheprogressofanaffairorofaseriesofevents”(转折点一个事件或一系列事件进展中的关键转折点)可知，“crisis”是一个转折点，根据第一段最后一句“Thispaperwillattempttodefineamuchnarrowerbutextremelysignificantaspectofcrisis:personalcrisis.”(本文将试图定义危机的一个更狭窄但极其重要的方面：个人危机。)可知，本文中讲的是更为狭窄的个人危机，根据第四段第一句“Crisesaregenerallyoftwotypes.”(危机一般分为两种类型。)，第二句中的“First,therearetheexpected”(首先是预期)和第五段第一句“Thesecondtypeofcrisisistheunexpected,accidentalkind.”(第二种是意外的、偶然的危机。)可知，危机分类为预期的和意外的。所以危机是指转折点在某一事件或一系列事件过程中的关键转折点，无论是预期的还是意外的。故选B。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Crisiscanoccurasaresultofanychange,evenonethatisgenerallywelcomed:marriage,birthofachild,graduationfromschoolorcollege,orelectiontopublicoffice.”(任何变化都可能导致危机，即使是普遍受欢迎的变化：结婚、生孩子、中学或大学毕业或当选公职。)可知，导致危机的原因通常是变化，生命的稳定进程不属于变化，所以选项C不可能是导致危机的原因。故选C。【41题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段第三句“Examplesofthisincludeachild’sfirstenrollmentinschoolorhistransferatalateragetonewschool.”(这方面的例子包括孩子第一次入学或他在较晚的年龄转到新的学校。)可知，maturationalcrises是指与成长有关的危机，所以maturational意为“与成长有关的”。故选A。【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句和第四句“Severeillnesswillcreateacrisisnotonlyfortheindividualconcernedbutalsoforhisfamily.Andanillnessmayitselfbecausedbyanemotionalcrisis,suchasthedeathofaspouse,offspring,orsibling.”(严重的疾病不仅会给有关个人带来危机，也会给他的家庭带来危机。疾病本身可能是由情绪危机引起的，比如配偶、子女或兄弟姐妹的死亡。)可知，疾病既可以是危机的原因也可以是其结果。故选D。CInJapan,wherecareeropportunitiesforwomenarefew,wheredivorcecanmeanalifeofhardship,andwheremostfemalenamesarestillformedusingawordforchild,awoman’sindependencehasalwayscomeatasteepprice.Notionsofwomen’sliberationhavenevertakenrootamongJapanesewomen.Butwithinadequateopenconflict,thepushforseparateburialsisquietlybecomingoneofthecountry’sfastestgrowingsocialtrends.InarecentsurveybytheTBStelevisionnetwork,20percentofthewomenwhorespondedsaidtheyhopedtobeburiedseparatelyfromtheirhusbands.ThefuneraryrevoltcomesaswomenhereannoyatJapan’sslowpaceinprovidinggreaterequalitybetweenthesexes.Thelaw,forexample,stillmakesitalmostimpossibleforawomantousehermaidennameaftermarriage.Meanwhile,divorceratesarelowbyWesternstandards,becauseachievingfinancialindependenceorevenobtainingacreditcardinone’sownnameisaninsurmountableobstacleformanydivorcedwomen.Untilrecently,societyenforcedrestrictionsonwomenevenindeath.UnderJapan’scomplexburialcustoms,divorcedorunmarriedwomenweretraditionallyunwelcomeinmostgraveyards,whereplots(小块土地)arestillpasseddownthroughthehusband’sfamilyanddescendantsmustprovidemaintenanceforburialsitesorlosethem.“Thewomanwhowantedtobeburiedalonecouldn’tfindagraveyarduntilabout10yearsago,”saidHaruyoInoue,asociologistofdeathandburialatJapanUniversity.Shesaidthatgraveyardswhichdidnotrequiredescendantstomaintain,inordertoaccommodatewomen,beganappearinginaround1990.Today,shesaidthattherearecloseto400ofthesecemeteriesinJapan.ThatisjustonesignofstirringamongJapanesewomen,whoarealsopressingforthefirsttimetochangethelawtobeabletousetheirmaidennamesaftermarriage.Althoughcreditgoesbeyondanyindividual,manywomenciteJunkoMastubara,apopularwriteronwomen’sissues,withignitingthetrendtoseparatesexburials.Startingthreeyearsago,Ms.Matsubarahasbuiltanassociationofnearly600women—somedivorced,someunhappilymarried,andsomedeterminedlysingle—whoplantoshareacommonplotcurbedoutofanordinarycemeteryinthewesternsuburbofChofu.43.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?A.HowtochangeJapan’scomplexburialcustoms.B.Japanesewomen’seffortstowinsexequality.C.Socialandgovernmentalobligationineliminatingsexinequality.D.HowJapaneselawspreventJapanesewomenfrombeingburiedalone.44.FromthefactthatdivorcecanmeanalifeofhardshipforJapanesewomen,wecaninferthat ________.A.manyJapanesewomenhavealowsocialstatusB.it’sanout-datedcustomforJapanesewomentobehousewivesC.manyJapanesewomenhaveabadrelationshipwiththeirhusbandsD.manyJapanesewomenlivetogetherwiththeirhusbandsinperfectharmony45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefuneralrevoltinJapanisNOTtrue?A.MoreandmoreJapanesewomenprefertobeburiedseparatelyfromtheirhusbands.B.Japan’scomplexburialcustomsmakeitmoredifficultforJapanesewomentobeburiedseparately.C.MoreandmoreJapanesewomenresorttodivorcetowinthevictoryoffuneralrevolt.D.ItcomesastheresultofJapanesewomen’sdissatisfactionwithJapan’sslowpaceinprovidinggreatersexequality.46Themeaningoftheword“ignite”inthelastparagraphis________.A.toinitiateB.toreverseC.tosuggestD.tostrengthen【答案】43.B44.A45.C46.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章以日本妇女争取独立埋葬为例，讲述了日本妇女争取性别平等的进程。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“InJapan,wherecareeropportunitiesforwomenarefew,wheredivorcecanmeanalifeofhardship,andwheremostfemalenamesarestillformedusingawordforchild,awoman’sindependencehasalwayscomeatasteepprice.(在日本，妇女的就业机会极少，离婚对妇女来说意味着艰辛的生活，大多数妇女的名字是用孩子的一个字来取的，妇女的独立总是以极高的代价获得的)”及最后一段中的“Startingthreeyearsago,Ms.Matsubarahasbuiltanassociationofnearly600women—somedivorced,someunhappilymarried,andsomedeterminedlysingle—whoplantoshareacommonplotcurbedoutofanordinarycemeteryinthewesternsuburbofChofu.(从三年前开始，松原女士已经建立了一个由近600名女性组成的协会，其中一些是离婚的，一些是婚姻不幸福的，还有一些是坚定的单身女性。她们计划分享位于Chofu西郊一座普通墓地外的一块空地)”可知，文章主要介绍了日本女性争取性别平等的努力。故选B项。44题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“InJapan,wherecareeropportunitiesforwomenarefew,wheredivorcecanmeanalifeofhardship,andwheremostfemalenamesarestillformedusingawordforchild,awoman’sindependencehasalwayscomeatasteepprice.( 在日本，妇女的就业机会极少，离婚对妇女来说意味着艰辛的生活，大多数妇女的名字是用孩子的一个字来取的，妇女的独立总是以极高的代价获得的)”及第三段中的“Meanwhile,divorceratesarelowbyWesternstandards,becauseachievingfinancialindependenceorevenobtainingacreditcardinone’sownnameisaninsurmountableobstacleformanydivorcedwomen.(与此同时，按照西方的标准，离婚率很低，因为对许多离婚女性来说，实现经济独立甚至用自己的名义获得一张信用卡是一个不可逾越的障碍)”可推知，很多日本女性的社会地位很低。故选A。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“UnderJapan’scomplexburialcustoms,divorcedorunmarriedwomenweretraditionallyunwelcomeinmostgraveyards,whereplots(小块土地)arestillpasseddownthroughthehusband’sfamilyanddescendantsmustprovidemaintenanceforburialsitesorlosethem.(在日本复杂的埋葬习俗下，离婚或未婚女性传统上不受大多数墓地的欢迎，因为墓地仍由丈夫的家族传承，后代必须为墓地提供维护，否则就会失去墓地)”可知，C选项“越来越多的日本妇女通过离婚来赢得葬礼起义的胜利”错误。故选C。【46题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的“thetrendtoseparatesexburials.Startingthreeyearsago,Ms.Matsubarahasbuiltanassociationofnearly600women—somedivorced,someunhappilymarried,andsomedeterminedlysingle—whoplantoshareacommonplotcurbedoutofanordinarycemeteryinthewesternsuburbofChofu.(分性埋葬的趋势。从三年前开始，松原女士已经建立了一个由近600名女性组成的协会，其中一些是离婚的，一些是婚姻不幸福的，还有一些是坚定的单身女性。她们计划分享位于Chofu西郊一座普通墓地外的一块空地)”可推知，此处指发起了分性埋葬的趋势。由此推知，划线词与initiate(开始，创始，发起)意思接近。故选A。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TheRiseofMicrochippingOnAugust12017,workersatThreeSquareMarket,acompanyspecializinginvendingmachines,linedupintheofficecafeteriatobeimplantedwithmicrochips.Oneafteranother,theyheldoutahandtoatattooistwhopushedarice-grainsizedimplantintothefleshbetweentheirthumbandforefinger.Thegroupimplantevent,organizedbycompanymanagement,fittedintoThreeSquareMarket’slonger-termvisionofacashlesspaymentsystemfortheirvendingmachines—workplacesnackspurchasedwithaflickofthewrist.Thetelevised“chippingparty”waspickedupbymediaoutletsfromMoscowtoSydney.____47____Aftertheevent,ThreeSquareMarket’sGooglereviewspagewasfloodedwithone-starratings.ForJowanÖsterlund,whosecompanyBiohaxprovidedtheservice,microchipimplantswere notradicalorevennovel.Hehaslivedwithoneforyearsandhasimplantedhundredsofotheryoung,tech-savvy(技术大咖)Swedes.____48____Theyhaveusedtheirimplantstogainaccesstotheirco-workingspaces,payforgymmembership,andeventoridethetrain.Butarethepeopleoftheworldreadyfortechnologytostartgettingundertheirskin?Microchipimplantsareessentiallycylindrical(长圆形的)barcodesthat,whenscanned,transmitauniquesignalthroughalayerofskin.____49____Today,Biohaxisaimingtosimplifyidentityandaccessinthedigitalworld,offeringareplacementtotheseeminglyendlesscollectionofpasswords,keys,ticketsandcardsthatclutterourlives.Jowan’sfriendHannesSjöbladhashisownmicrochip-focusedbusiness.Hebelievesthatbyplacingadeviceundertheskin,insteadofwearingitlikeaFitbit,datacollectionwillbegreatlyimproved.ButUrsGasseratHarvardUniversitybelievesthatextendingbeyondtheSwedishtech-hubenvironmenttoabroadermarketwillbelegallyandmorallydifficult.Inhisview,ThreeSquareMarket’schippingeventactuallysymbolizestheimbalancesofpowerintheworkplace.Areyouapersonbeingpaidforyourwork,orareyouthepropertyofthecompanyyouworkfor?IfeomaAjunwaatCornellUniversityaddsthatitiscrucialtoconsidertheimplicationsofthistechnologyinthecontextofincreasingworkersurveillance(管制).____50____Thisseemstoblurthelinebetweenworkandfamilylife,”shesaid.A.Microchipswilldeepenthisdynamic,asthey“literallygowiththeworkerwhenevertheygo”.B.Chipping,thereby,hassweptacrosstheglobewithitsmagneticappeal.C.Notalloftheattentionwaspositive,however.D.Mostly,theyhavebeenusedtoorganizewarehousesoridentifylostpets.E.Conqueredbythe“almighty”microchips,workersmaynolongerbetheirownmasters.F.Forthiscommunity,thechipsignifiesanall-in-onecombinationofbiologyandtechnology.【答案】47.C48.F49.D50.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了微芯片的兴起标志着生物学和技术的一体化的结合，对于人们未来的生活影响深远。【47题详解】根据上文“Thetelevised“chippingparty”waspickedupbymediaoutletsfromMoscowtoSydney.(从莫斯科到悉尼，各大媒体都报道了这场“芯片派对”)”可知，媒体对这场芯片派对进行了报道。根据下文“Aftertheevent,ThreeSquareMarket’sGooglereviewspagewasfloodedwithone-starratings.(活动结束后，ThreeSquareMarket的谷歌评论页面充斥着一星评级)”可知，这场活动的效果不好。由此可知，C.Notalloftheattentionwaspositive,however.(然而，并非所有的关注都是正面的)承上启下，符合语境。故选C。【48题详解】 根据上文“Hehaslivedwithoneforyearsandhasimplantedhundredsofotheryoung,tech-savvy(技术大咖)Swedes.(他植入一个芯片多年了，数百名年轻的、精通科技的瑞典人也植入了芯片)”和下文“Theyhaveusedtheirimplantstogainaccesstotheirco-workingspaces,payforgymmembership,andeventoridethetrain.(他们用植入物来获得共享办公空间，支付健身房会员费，甚至坐火车)”可知，JowanÖsterlund对于芯片植入很有经验，这里谈的是对于植入芯片的人群来说，把生物学和科技联系在了一起。由此可知，F.Forthiscommunity,thechipsignifiesanall-in-onecombinationofbiologyandtechnology.(对这个社区来说，芯片意味着生物和技术的一体化)承上启下，符合语境，选项中thiscommunity承接上文，anall-in-onecombinationofbiologyandtechnology引起下文。故选F。【49题详解】根据上文“Microchipimplantsareessentiallycylindrical(长圆形的)barcodesthat,whenscanned,transmitauniquesignalthroughalayerofskin.(芯片植入物本质上是圆柱形条形码，当扫描时，通过一层皮肤传输独特的信号)”和下文“Today,Biohaxisaimingtosimplifyidentityandaccessinthedigitalworld,offeringareplacementtotheseeminglyendlesscollectionofpasswords,keys,ticketsandcardsthatclutterourlives.(今天，Biohax的目标是简化数字世界的身份和访问，提供一种替代似乎无穷无尽的密码、钥匙、票和卡的收集，使我们的生活凌乱不堪)”可知，这里谈的是微芯片的用途。由此可知，D.Mostly,theyhavebeenusedtoorganizewarehousesoridentifylostpets.(大多数情况下，它们被用来管理仓库或识别丢失的宠物)也是讲微芯片的用途，符合本段语境。故选D。【50题详解】根据上文“IfeomaAjunwaatCornellUniversityaddsthatitiscrucialtoconsidertheimplicationsofthistechnologyinthecontextofincreasingworkersurveillance(管制).(康奈尔大学(CornellUniversity)的IfeomaAjunwa补充说，在加强工人监控的背景下考虑这项技术的影响至关重要)”可知，下文谈的应该是这项技术对管理工人的意义。由此可知，A.Microchipswilldeepenthisdynamic,asthey“literallygowiththeworkerwhenevertheygo”.(微芯片将深化这种动态，因为它们“实际上是随员工走的”)符合语境，其中出现的worker属于原词复现。故选A。IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AnewstudysuggestsmanyAmericanshavenotvisitedthemostpopularplacesofinterestaroundthecountryorevenintheirhometown.Thestudyfoundthat25percentofAmericanshaveyettovisit"iconiclandmarks"intheirowncities.Twenty-threepercentsaidtheyhadnotvisitedanyofthenation’snaturalwonders,famousbuildingsorhistoricbattlefields.ThestudywasaprojectoftheresearchserviceOnePollandZipcar,acar-sharingcompany. Researchersquestioned2,000Americans.Only33percentofthemsaidtheyhadbeentoNiagaraFallsandjust28percenthadbeentoArizona’sGrandCanyon.Thestudyshowedthatonly30percenthadbeentoNewYork’sEmpireStateBuilding.Only22percenthadevervisitedtheNationalMallinWashington,D.C.ManyAmericanssaytheywouldliketotravelmore.Morethanhalfofthosequestionedsaidtheywouldliketogetoutmore.Forty-ninepercentreportedbeing"creaturesofhabit."Bythat,theymeantheygenerallydothesamethingsinthesameway.Thatwouldleavelittletimetovisitlocalornationallandmarks.TheresearchersfoundthatthemainreasonskeepingAmericansfromexploringtheircitiesorthecountryweremoney,lackoftimeandalackofgoodtransportation.Onsocialmedia,oneTwitteruserreactingtothestudynamedafewreasonsfornotvisitingfamousplaces.Thewriternotedthat“mostofusdon’tgetpaiddaysoff,getpunishedfortakingadayoff,orsimplycan’taffordtovisitanythingorgoanywhereanymore."TheTwitteruseradded,"ChildcarecostsmorethanCollege,CollegeLoanscostsmorethanamortgagepayment,andjobsdon’tevenpayforoneofthosethings.”ThestudyfoundthatthreeoftheplacesAmericanswantedtovisitwereGrandCanyonNationalPark,YellowstoneNationalParkandtheStatueofLiberty.Theresearchersalsofoundthat,onaverage,Americansgotoanewcoffeeshopeveryfivemonths,andanewrestauranteveryfourmonths.Theyalsospenttimeatalakeorneartheoceanonceeverysixmonths,andgotoaparkeveryfivemonths.【答案】AstudyshowsthatmanyAmericanshaveneverbeentosomewell-knownplacesofinterest.WhilemanyAmericansdohavetheintentiontogetoutmore,lackofmoney,timeandgoodtransportationstoppedthemfromexploringtheircountry,eventheirowncities.Someotherpeoplearejustusedtotheircurrentlifeandnoteagertohavefurtherexploration.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说一项研究发现，25%的美国人没去过所在城市的“地标建筑”。研究人员发现，阻止美国人探索自己的城市或国家的主要原因是金钱、缺乏时间和缺乏良好的交通工具。有些人只是习惯了他们现在的生活，并不渴望有进一步的探索。【详解】1要点摘录①IAnewstudysuggestsmanyAmericanshavenotvisitedthemostpopularplacesofinterestaroundthecountryorevenintheirhometown.②Thestudyfoundthat25percentofAmericanshaveyettovisit"iconiclandmarks"intheirowncities.③ManyAmericanssaytheywouldliketotravelmore.④TheresearchersfoundthatthemainreasonskeepingAmericansfromexploringtheircitiesorthecountryweremoney,lackoftimeandalackofgoodtransportation.⑤Theresearchersalsofoundthat,onaverage,Americansgotoanewcoffeeshopeveryfive months,andanewrestauranteveryfourmonths.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将5要点进行重组。3.遣词造句AstudyshowsthatmanyAmericanshaveneverbeentosomewell-knownplacesofinterest.WhilemanyAmericansdohavetheintentiontogetoutmore,lackofmoney,timeandgoodtransportationstoppedthemfromexploringtheircountry,eventheirowncities.Someotherpeoplearejustusedtotheircurrentlifeandnoteagertohavefurtherexploration.【点睛】[高分句型1]AstudyshowsthatmanyAmericanshaveneverbeentosomewell-knownplacesofinterest.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）[高分句型2]：WhilemanyAmericansdohavetheintentiontogetoutmore,lackofmoney,timeandgoodtransportationstoppedthemfromexploringtheircountry,eventheirowncities.（运用了while引导的让步状语从句）V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.那个新发现的星球上是否有水还是一个迷。(remain)（汉译英）【答案】Whetherthereiswateronthatnewlydiscoveredplanetstillremainsamystery.Whetherthereexistswateronthenewly-discoveredplanetstillremainsamystery./Itstillremainsamysterywhetherthereexistswateronthenewly-discoveredplanet.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查主语从句。分析句子可知，“那个新发现的星球上是否有水”为主语，可用主语从句表达：Whetherthereiswateronthatnewlydiscoveredplanet；其中therebe句型可以使用其变形：Thereexists...，意为“存在”；宾语“一个谜”可用amystery表达；或者用It做形式主语，真正的主语置于句尾，故答案为Whetherthereiswateronthatnewlydiscoveredplanetstillremainsamystery./Whetherthereexistswateronthenewly-discoveredplanetstillremainsamystery./Itstillremainsamysterywhetherthereexistswateronthenewly-discoveredplanet.53.差异不是偶尔一回，而是日复一日形成的。(It)（汉译英）【答案】Thedifferenceisnothappeningonceinawhile,butdayafterday.Itisnotwhatyoudoonceinawhile(occasionally)butwhatyoudodayinanddayout(everyday)thatmakesthedifference.【解析】【详解】考查时态。由句意可知，时态用现在进行时，主语Thedifference，谓语ishappening，onceinawhile(偶尔)；dayafterday(日复一日)。根据句意，故翻译为The differenceisnothappeningonceinawhile,butdayafterday.考查短语、时态或名词性从句和强调句。not...but...(不是……而是)；onceinawhile(偶尔)；dayinanddayout(日复一日)；makesadifference(有区别)。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。强调句Itis/was+强调部分+that+其他，强调句中强调主语。强调句中主语是由主语从句构成，主语从句中缺少宾语，且指物，所以用连接词what引导。从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意，故翻译为Itisnotwhatyoudoonceinawhile(occasionally)butwhatyoudodayinanddayout(everyday)thatmakesthedifference.54.无论我们分别多久，有多少困难要克服，我们还是血浓于水的一家人。(Nomatter)（汉译英）【答案】Nomatterhowlongweareapartandhowmanydifficultieswehavetoovercome,wearestillafamilywithbloodthickerthanwater.Nomatterhowlongwehavebeenpartedandhowmuchdifficultieswearetogothrough,wearestillfamilyandbloodisalwaysthickerthanwater.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查状语从句和短语。分析句子可知，主句使用一般现在时，从句使用一般现在时或者现在完成时，从句用nomatterhow引导让步状语从句，主句使用比较级，beparted/apart“分离；分开”，overcome/gothrough“克服”，withbloodthickerthanwater“血浓于水”或者bloodisalwaysthickerthanwater“血总是比水浓”，故译为Nomatterhowlongweareapartandhowmanydifficultieswehavetoovercome,wearestillafamilywithbloodthickerthanwater./Nomatterhowlongwehavebeenpartedandhowmuchdifficultieswearetogothrough,wearestillfamilyandbloodisalwaysthickerthanwater.55.采访发现，83%的人认为教师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民文化素质的重要因素，值得尊敬。(worth)（汉译英）【答案】Theinterviewfoundthat83%ofthepeoplethinkthatteachersshouldertheresponsibilityoftrainingthenextgeneration,whichisanimportantfactortoimprovetheculturalqualityofthewholepeopleandisworthrespect.(83%percentofthosesurveyedsaidthatteachersshouldbeheldinhighesteembecausetheyhaveagreatresponsibilitycrucialtocultivatingnextgenerationandraisingtheintellectuallevelofpeople.)【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配，宾语从句和定语从句。表示“值得……”用短语beworth（doing）sth.；主句谓语动词的宾语部分为宾语从句“教师肩负着培养下一代的重任”，翻译为teachersshouldertheresponsibilityoftrainingthenextgeneration；“是提高全民文化素质的重要因素，值得尊敬”为定语从句部分，译为“whichisanimportantfactortoimprovetheculturalquality ofthewholepeopleandisworthrespect.”，which指代上文内容，在从句中充当主语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Theinterviewfoundthat83%ofthepeoplethinkthatteachersshouldertheresponsibilityoftrainingthenextgeneration,whichisanimportantfactortoimprovetheculturalqualityofthewholepeopleandisworthrespect.VI.GuidedWriting56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是黎明中学学生王刚，你学校位于上海市的郊区，学校的操场边有一块空地，很久以前是教师开垦出的菜地，后来因多种原因废弃了，长久以来一直没有得到合理的利用。作为学校的一员，你决定写一封信给校长，内容包括：1.简单描述这一块空地的现状；2.你对如何使用这块空地提出建议以及你的理由。【答案】DearHeadmaster,I’mastudentinourschool,havingbeenexposedtothenewsthattherehasbeenadesertedopenspacebesideourschoolplayground,whereitusedtobethevegetablefieldcultivatedbyourteacherslongtimeago,andI’monlytooanxioustoshowmyhumbleopinionsonthelanduse.Frommyperspective,thedesertedlandwilldefinitelybeaperfectplacetobetransformedasaroomforstudentclubactivities.Inthefirstplace,thislandhasarousedheateddiscussionamongourstudentsandIwishtobringtoyourattention.Ononehand,thoughthislandhadbeenservedasthevegetablefieldandmultiplefunctionsbefore,itstaysvacantforalongtimesinceitwasnotsuitableforplantvegetablesandlackofmanagement.Ontheother,notonlythisopenspacebutalsoeverycornerinourcampusshouldbeusedeffectivelyandplayitsroleinschoollife.Owingtotheseconsideration,weshouldmakeachangeaboutthislanduse.Toimprovethesituation,it’sadvisableforyoutorenovatethelandintoaclubhouse.Firstandforemost,sincetheclubhousedoesn’trequiretobeveryspecious,thislandistheveryplaceforstudentclubactivities.Besides,it’salsoanurgentneedforustohaveapermanentplacetoholdvariousafter-classactivities.Accordingtooursurveybasedonourstudents,morethanfourfifthofushaveadesiretoownaclubhousetopractiseperformanceandtakepartinallkindsofactivities.Lastbutnotleast,asthepresidentofstudentunion,I’mconfidentthatwiththejointeffortsofeveryclassleader,wecanmapoutadetailedplantodesignandarrangethisclubhouseinthefollowingweeks.Ihopethattheauthoritiesconcernedwillconsidermysuggestionsseriouslyandtakefulladvantageofthisvacantlandtoservetheschoolandourstudents.Thankyouforsparingyourtimetoreadmyletterandwishourschooldevelopbetter.Yourssincerely,WangGang 【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是黎明中学学生王刚，你学校位于上海市的郊区，学校的操场边有一块空地，很久以前是教师开垦出的菜地，后来因多种原因废弃了，长久以来一直没有得到合理的利用。作为学校的一员，你决定写一封信给校长。内容包括：1.简单描述这一块空地的现状；2.你对如何使用这块空地提出建议以及你的理由。【详解】1.词汇积累缺乏：beshortof→lackof希望：hope→haveadesireto制定计划：makeaplan→mapoutadetailedplan利用：makeuseof→takefulladvantageof2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Accordingtooursurveybasedonourstudents,morethanfourfifthofushaveadesiretoownaclubhousetopractiseperformanceandtakepartinallkindsofactivities.拓展句：Accordingtooursurveybasedonourstudents,morethanfourfifthofushaveadesiretoownaclubhouse,wheretheycanpractiseperformanceandtakepartinallkindsofactivities.【点睛】[高分句型1]havingbeenexposedtothenewsthattherehasbeenadesertedopenspacebesideourschoolplayground,whereitusedtobethevegetablefieldcultivatedbyourteacherslongtimeago,(运用了that引导的同位语从句和where引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]Ononehand,thoughthislandhadbeenservedasthevegetablefieldandmultiplefunctionsbefore,itstaysvacantforalongtimesinceitwasnotsuitableforplantvegetablesandlackofmanagement.(运用了though引导的让步状语从句)