河南省天一大联考2022届高三英语上学期阶段性测试（一）（Word版带解析）

绝密★启用前天一大联考2021-2022学年高中毕业班阶段性测试(一)英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthemanadvisedtodo?A.Gotoschool.B.Gotothecinema.C.Cleanhisownroom.2.Howmanypeoplewillgotohelpoldpeople?A.3.B.4.C.5.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Helikesthewoman’sidea.B.Thedealsoundsimpossible.C.Hehassomequestionstoask.4.What’sstillinthecar? A.Theman’scoat.B.Thewoman’sbag.C.Themap.5.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Calm.B.Worried.C.Confused.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhendoestheNFLplayaccordingtotheman?A.OnWednesdays.B.OnSaturdays.C.OnSundays.7.Whatisthewomangoingtowatch?A.Asoccergame.B.Abasketballgame.C.Atabletennisgame.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whenwillthespeakersarriveatthehouse?A.Inonehour.B.Intwohours.C.Inthreehours.9.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Sheisriding.B.Sheisdriving.C.Sheiswalking.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister.B.Motherandson.C.Friends.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Helosthistrainticket.B.Hefailedtocatchhistrain.C.Hegotawrongticket.12.Howcanthemancatchthenexttrain?A.Bybuyingonemoreticket.B.Byusingthesameticket.C.Bychangingtheoldticketforanewone.13.Howmuchdoesthenexttrainticketcost?A.￡3.50.B.￡7.50.C.￡11.00听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whydoesthemansounduninterested? A.Heislostinthebook.B.Hedoesn’twanttomove.C.Hehastofinishhisworkfirst.15.Wherearethenewhouses?A.Onthemainroad.B.Closetoabusstation.C.Nearthesportscenter.16.Whatdoesthewomanlikemostaboutthenewhouses?A.Thelocation.B.Thespace.C.Thequietness.17.Whatcanweknowaboutthemanintheend?A.Heisinterestedinthenewhouses.B.Hewillchangehismind.C.Hewillgotoseethenewhouses.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatisJessicaFleming’snewbookabout?A.Theeconomiceffectsofnaturaldisasters.B.Howpeopleareaffectingtheoceans.C.Whytreesareimportanttotheplanet.19.WhatdoesthespeakerlikemostaboutProf.Thomas’sbook?A.Itiseasytounderstand.B.Itincludesmanyinterestinginterviews.C.Ithasevenmoredetailsthanotherbooks.20.WhatwillProf.Thomas’ssuggestionsbeabout?A.Howtotalkwithwhales.B.Howtoprotecttheunderwaterenvironment.C.Whatthegovernmentshoulddoaboutoilspills.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAreyoulookingatgettingawayfromitall?Thenlooknofurtherthanthebestbeachesintheworld!WhitehavenBeach,Queensland,Australia Paradise(乐园)canbefoundatWhitehavenBeachandtheWhitsundaysinAustralia.ThisisagroupofislandsjustoffthecoastofArlieBeachinQueenslandandeachoneisabsolutelybreathtaking.YoucanonlygettotheWhitsundaysbyboat,makingthemallmorespecial-itisjustperfect'ineverysenseoftheword.AnseSourced'Argent,LaDigue,SeychellesWithsun-bleachedhugestonesontheshore,calmbluewaters,brilliantwhitesandsandpalmtreesonthebeach,thisbeachinthemiddleoftheIndianOceanisstraightfromafairytale.Itcomesasnosurprisethatthisisoneofthemostphotographedbeachesintheworld!TulumBeach,MexicoTherearen’tmanybeachesaroundtheworldthatcanboastancientruinsthatdatebackto564ADonthecliffsabove,butatTulumBeachyougetbeautywithhistory.NotonlyaretheTulumruinsanamazingsitewithintheirownright,butthefactthatthebeachbelowisabsolutelyattractivereallymakesitamagicalplacetovisit.LaConchaBeach,SanSebastian,SpainLaConchaBeachwasrecentlyvotedasEurope’sbestbeachandit’seasytoseewhy.Withwonderfulweatherallyearroundandsomesimplyexpensiverestaurants,thisisabeachthathasitall.Also,withthecutelittleSpanishtownofSanSebastianframedinthebackground,you’reneverfarfromtheaction,too.21.WhatdoweknowabouttheWhitsundays?A.They’reaccessibleonlybyboat.B.They’reconnectedwitheachother.C.TheyalllieonArlieBeach.D.Theyarethemostpopulardestinations.22.WhatmakesTulumBeachdifferentfromothers?A.Ithasfineweather.B.It’smostappealingtomagicians.C.Itcombineshistoryandscenery.D.Ithasthelongesthistoryintheworld.23.Whichplacemayattractphotographersmost?A.TulumBeach.B.AnseSourced’Argent.C.WhitehavenBeach.D.LaConchaBeach.BThetablesquicklyturnedforan89-year-oldpizzadeliverydriverwhoreceivedasurprisedeliveryofhisownfrom"regulars"onhisroute-a$12,000tip. DerlinNeweydeliveredpizzasforPapaJohn’sabout30hoursaweek.Hestartedthejobafterrealizinghecouldn'tliveonlyonsocialsecuritychecks.Despitebeingforcedtoworkathisadvancedage,hedidn'tletthataffecthisattitude.Inadditiontobeingadeliverydriver,NeweywasalsoarisingTikTokstarthankstosomeloyalcustomersinspiredbyhiskindness.Fansofpizza,theValdezfamilysaidtheyalwaysrequestedhimwhenorderingpizzaandstartedrecordinghisdeliveriesasTikTokvideos."It'scrazy.Everybodyloveshim,"saidDadCarlosValdez.Thefamilysaidhissignaturephrasewitheachdeliverywas,"Hello,areyoulookingforsomepizza?"Withmorethan53,000followers,theValdezfamilyoftengotcommentsaskingwhyNeweywasdeliveringpizzasathisage.Thefamilyagreedthatheshouldn’thavetoworksomuchanddecidedtousetheirplatformforsomegood.TheyaskedtheirfollowerstomakeadonationtohelpNewey,andthemoneystartedrollingin.Theywerequicklyabletoraise$12,000.AllthatwasleftwastosurpriseNeweyinhisownhome,makingaspecialdeliverytotheirspecialdeliveryman.Neweywascompletelycaughtoffguard.The"TikTok-famous"deliverymanthoughttheyweregoingtobringhimashirtwiththeirsignatures,whichtheydid,buthegotfarmorethanhehadexpectedwhenValdezhandedhimafatenvelopefilledwithcash."Wecollectivelypreparedagiftforyou,andI'mheretodeliverthatgifttoyouonbehalfoftheTikTokcommunity,"Valdezsaid.Neweydidn'tevenknowwhatTikTokwas,asking,"Isthatanonlinegroupwhereyoucommunicatewitheachotherthroughthetelephone?"Tearswelledupinhiseyesashegratefullyacceptedtheamazinggift.24.WhydidNeweyworkasadeliveryman?A.Hehadtocoverhislivingexpenses.B.Hedidsoattherequestofhisfriend.C.Heconsidereddeliveryaninterestingjob.D.Hewantedtogivehisfamilyasurprise.25.WhataboutNeweyimpressedtheValdezfamilymost?A.Hisage.B.Hiskindattitude.C.Hissenseofhumor.D.Hispunctuality.26.HowdidtheirfollowersreacttotheValdezfamily’sappealonTikTokA.Indifferently.B.Cautiously.C.Doubtfully.D.Enthusiastically.27.WhatcanwelearnaboutNeweyfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Hefailedtogethisdesiredshirt.B.HepreferredTikToktootherplatforms.C.Heknewlittleaboutsomesocialmedia.D.HewasveryactiveintheTikTokcommunity. CJustashumansareusuallyleft-orright-handed,manyanimalsfavoronesideoftheirbodyforcertaintasks.Thestrengthofthispreferencevaries:someindividualsarehappytouseeitherside,whileothersstronglyfavoroneside(knownasbeingstrongly"lateralized")·TheUniversityofExeterstudyfoundthatgreysquirrelswhichstronglyfavoredasidedidlesswellonalearningtask.Theyhadtolearntouseapaw(爪子),ratherthantheirmouth,togetnuts."Ithasbeensuggestedthatbeingstronglylateralizedmakesbrainsmoreefficient,witheachhemisphere(半球)focusingondifferenttasks,"saidDrLisaLeaver."Thiscouldhelpanimalssurvive,whichwouldexplaintheevolutionoflaterality(向侧性)acrosstheanimalkingdom.""Infishandbirds,thereisevidencethatbeingstronglylateralizedislinkedtobettercognitive(认知的)performance(brainfunction).However,limiteddatafromstudiesofmammals(哺乳动物)suggestaweakorevennegativerelationship.Ourstudymeasuredspeedoflearningamonggreysquirrelsand,inlinewiththesepreviousmammalstudies,suggeststhatstronglateralizationislinkedtopoorcognitiveperformance,"saidDrLeaver.Inthestudy,wildgreysquirrelsontheUniversityofExeter'sStreathamCampuswerepresentedwithtransparenttubecontainingpeanuts.Squirrelsusuallycollectfoodwiththeirmouth,butthetubewastoonarrowtoallowthis,sotheyhadtolearntouseapaw.Bymeasuringbothhowquicklysquirrelslearnedandhowstronglytheyfavoredaparticularpaw,theresearcherscouldassessbothlearningandlaterality.Morethan30squirrelswereobserved,with12providingenoughdataforinclusioninthestudy.Therelationshipbetweenlateralityandhumancognitiveperformanceisstillunclear,thoughsomeresearchhassuggestedthatlesslateralizedpeoplemaybemorecreative."Moreresearchonmammalsisneededtounderstandthecomplexrelationshipbetweenlateralityandcognitiveperformance,"DrLeaversaid.28.WhatdidtheUniversityofExeterstudyfocuson?A.Thehabitsofgreysquirrels.B.Thecauseofstronglateralization.C.Theevolutionprocessoflaterality.D.Theeffectsoflateralizationonlearning.29.Whatcanweknowfromthefourthparagraph?A.Fishandbirdshavesimilarbrainstructures.B.Mostfishandbirdshavestronglateralization. C.Stronglylateralizedbirdsarebetteratlearning.D.StronglylateralizedgreysquirrelshaveahigherIQ.30.Howdidthestronglylateralizedsquirrelsactinthestudy?A.Theywereslowertogetpeanuts.B.Theygotmorepeanutsthanothers.C.Theygotthroughthetubequickly.D.Theyusedtheirpawsmoreskillfully.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Left-handedanimalsprovemoreintelligent.B.Greysquirrelschangetheirhabitsforfood.C.Lateralityisconnectedwithbetterbrains.D.Strongly"handed"squirrelsarelessgoodatlearning.DARussiannaturalgastankerhascompletedanexperimentalroundtripalongtheNorthernSeaRoute(NSR)-thefirsttimethepathacrosstheArctichasbeenmadeatthistimeofyear.ItreturnedtotheRussiangasstationatSabettaonFebruary19.ThevoyagebytheChristophedeMargerietankerthroughtheiceisthelatestvisualindicatorofclimatechangeinthecoldregion.ThetankersetoutfromaChineseportonJanuary27afterdeliveringitscargo.ItenteredtheNorthernSeaRoute,whichtraverses(横越)Russia'snorthcoast.AfewdayslaternearCapeDezhnev,itwasmetbytheRussiannuclearicebreaker50LetPobedy(50YearsofVictory).Togethertheycompletedthe2,500-nautical-milevoyagethroughtheiceinlIdaysand10hours.Theshipmanaged-tocompletethefirstlegofthetripfromRussiatoChinawithoutanicebreaker.Bothofthejourneysbrokerecordsforwinternavigation(航行)duetothechangingclimateintheArcticallowingpassagethroughthinnerice.UsingtheNorthernSeaRouteletsshippersinRussiaandothercountriesavoidamuchlongersouthernjourneyaroundEurope,theMiddleEastandallofsouthernAsia,savingmillionsofdollars.Theshipsencounterednomulti-yearbuildupofoldiceontheroute,andthedeepesticewasabout5feetthick.However,meteorologistandjournalistEricHolthauscalledthataclearindicatorof"aclimateemergency".LastMay,ChristophedeMargeriebecamethefirstlarge-capacitycargoshiptocompleteaneastboundtransitoftheNorthernSeaRoute,twomonthsearlierintheyearthanthejourneytraditionallymade. "AsaresultoftheearlyNorthernSeaRoutevoyagecompletedbyChristophedeMargerieinMay2020,aswellasthecurrentNSRvoyage,thenavigationintheEasternpartoftheArcticwaspracticallydoubled,"EricHolthaussaid.HenotedthatfordecadesthetransitroutealongthatpartoftheNSRhadtypicallyremainedclosedbyicefromNovemberuntilJuly.32.WhichfactorcontributedmosttoChristophedeMargerie'ssuccessfultrip?A.Theidealequipment.B.Theoceancurrent.C.Thenuclearpower.D.Theclimatechange.33.What’sEricHolthaus'attitudetothegastanker’stripacrosstheArctic?A.Skeptical.B.Concerned.C.Critical.D.Tolerant.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"encountered"inparagraph4mean?A.Pickedup.B.Preparedfor.C.Cameacross.D.Dependedon.35.HowlongcantheNSRroutebeusedbycargoshipsnow?A.2months.B.3months.C.4months.D.6months.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheGoalsThatGuideUsWhetherwe'reonthelongtripofamid-lifecareerorthewalktothebedroomtofinallyorganizethatcloset,itcanbehardtogatherupthemotivationtomakethatfirststep.36Herearesomewaysyoucantaketostartmovingtowardachievingyourgoals.·Putyourgoalsinwriting.Writingdowngoalspreventsyoufromleavingyourgoalsvague.Bespecific.Useactionverbs.37Specifycompletiondates.Alsorecordwhatyourrewardwillbeforachievingthegoal.Makeacontractwithyourself,andthenreaditeachmorningandnight.Thiswillhelpyoutobemorecommittedtoyourgoalaseachdaypasses.·Learnwhatyouneedtolearn.Ifinformationorskilliskeepingyoufromachievingyourgoals,determinewaystofillinthegaps,andbuildthisintoyouractionplan.38Thinkabouthowmuchtimeandeffortwillberequired,andaskyourselfwhetheryouarereallywillingandabletodowhatisnecessary.Itisbettertoadjustyourgoalsoryourtimetablethantoproceedwithaplanthatisunrealistic. ·39Findsomeone,acoworkerorafriend,withwhomyoushareacommongoal.Getsomeonetogotothegymwithyou,ortoquitsmokingwithyou,ortosharehealthymealswithyou.Apartnercanhelpyoustaycommittedandmotivated.Lookforrolemodels,peoplewhohavealreadyachievedthegoalsyouseektoreach.40Findhowtheygottowheretheyare,andincorporate(使并入)whatyoulearnintoyourplan.A.Seekthehelpofothers.B.Makealistofyourtools.C.Askthemforadviceandsuggestions.D.Letyourgoalshavemeasurableoutcomes.E.Makeyourselffeelgoodabouttheprogressyou’vemade.F.Athousand-milejourneystartswiththefirstsmallstep.G.Bewillingtostudyandworkhardtoreachyourgoals.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。DarleneLeesonwasinhotelisolation(隔离)afterreturningtoAustraliafromatriptoHawaii.Shewascallingafriend,jokingabouttheideaofputtinga(n)41onherhotelwindowasitfacedofficesacrosstheroad.Gettingthegentle42ofherfriend,Leesonwroteonsomenotes:"Day4ISOneed43.Room623"andthenstuckthemup.Thefirst44fromthoseintheoutsideworldwaslaughter.Shegotafew45andwavesfromofficeworkersandworkersonanearbyrooftop."Itwasmoredoneto46myselfduringtheboringisolation,"shesaid."Iwasn'tthinkinganyonewouldtakeit47."Thenherhotelroomphonerang."I48thoughtitwasthehotelringingtotellmeto49themoff.Itwasthewifeofoneoftherooftopworkerswhohadrungreceptionaskingtoget50tomyroom,"shesaid."TheythenaskedwhatchocolateI51."Thetravellersaidshewasin52anddidn’tmakeher53oftreatclear."WechattedandshesaidIcould54anUberdeliverysoon."Withinanhour,thechocolatearrived.Soon,TimTams(abrandofchocolate)arrivedforheratreception.Leesonlater55awomanina nearbyofficebuildingmadethe56delivery.Morechocolatehadarrived,andagroupofworkershadall57."Beinginhotelisolation,Ican't58myroomwherethereareonlyafewshortminuteswhenthesuncan59,"Leesonsaid."Though,thekindnessofthese60brightenedmydaybeyondanyamountofsunshinepossible."41.A.signB.advertisementC.warningD.picture42.A.requestB.permissionC.praiseD.encouragement43.A.applesB.coffeeC.hamburgersD.chocolate44.A.soundB.messageC.responseD.effort45.A.giftsB.lettersC.conflictsD.smiles46.A.improveB.satisfyC.challengeD.entertain47.A.lightlyB.seriouslyC.graduallyD.willingly48.A.suddenlyB.exactlyC.initiallyD.eventually49.A.putB.tearC.kickD.cut50.A.takenalongB.putthroughC.checkedinD.workedout51.A.storedB.purchasedC.preferredD.delivered52.A.disappointment.B.doubtC.surpriseD.panic53.A.choiceB.chanceC.shareD.address54.A.orderB.expectC.reserveD.promise55.A.agreedB.admittedC.learnedD.guessed56.A.sweetB.cheapC.urgentD.latest57.A.delayedB.celebratedC.cheeredD.contributed58.A.leaveB.exchangeC.clearD.decorate59.A.fadeawayB.shineinC.wrapupD.burndown60.A.strangersB.neighborsC.travellersD.passengers第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。China'sZhurongMarsrover,droppedawayfromitsorbitingTianwen-1mothership,toucheddownontheredplanetearlySaturday.ChinahasbecomethethirdnationinhumanhistorytolandsafelyonthesurfaceofMars-61itsfirstattempt. Zhurong,namedafterthegodoffireinChinesemythology,landedonabroadplainknownasUtopiaPlanitiaFridayat7:18p.m.LikeNASA'sPerseveranceroverbeforeit,Zhurong62(rely)onaheatshield(抗热涂层)andaprotectiveaeroshell63(protect)itfromtheextremetemperaturesgeneratedafterhittingtheatmosphereatnearlythreemilespersecond.Oncethroughtheplasmaheatingzone,alargeparachute(降落伞)openedasplanned,quickly64(slow)thecrafttosub-sonicspeeds.65(final),aboutsevenminutesafterhittingtheatmosphere,thelanderwasprogrammedtofallfreeofitsparachute,firingsmallrocket66(engine)forapowereddescent(下降)tothesurface.Thelast10monthshavebeenforMartian67(explore).Threespacecraft,includingTianwen-1,werelaunchedtoMarsinJuly2020.TheUnitedArabEmirates'Hopeorbiter,68willsurveyMars'atmospherefromspace,put69(it)intoorbitinFebruary.Notlongafter,NASA'snow-famousrollingrover,Perseverance,anditshistory-makingflyingcompanionIngenuity,reached70surfaceofMars,landinginanancientlakebedthatmayoncehavebeenhometoMartianlife.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Wouldyouliketobeagreenerpersontoprotectourenvironment?Herewassomeadvice.Youshouldreducewasteyouproducedaily.Youcanuseallsidesofthepaperandcollectingthedrinkingbottles.Remembertothewastesothatitcanbewellrecycle.Itwouldbebetterforyouturnoffthepowerinyourhousewhenyougoout.Insteadofdrivingyourcareverywhere,youcansaveenergybyeitherwalkingnorridingabike.Besidetakeabagalongwhenshoppingtoavoidusing toomanyplasticbag.Lastbutnotleast,neverspitinthepublic.Itisrealeasytobeaneco-friendlyperson.第二节书面表达(满分25分)你校将举办英语演讲比赛,请你以“HowtoExpressOurGratitude”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.分析现状；2.建议表达感激的方式。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。