2022年高考北京卷英语试题解析（正式版）（解析版）

绝密★启用前2022年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解(共三节，30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A．Anewspaper.B．Amagazine.C．Abook.答案是A。1．Whenwillthefilmstart?A．At5:00.B．At6:00.C．At7:00.2．Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A．Thefilmclub.B．Thetravelclub.C．Thesportsclub.3．Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A．Sunny.B．Windy.C．Snowy.4．Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A．Afish.B．Abird.C．Amonkey.5．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inalibrary.B．Atabookstore.C．Inamuseum.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，15分）听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6．Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?20/20A．Tomakeaninvitation.B．Toaskforinformation.C．Todiscussaholidayplan.7．Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?A．$50.B．$150.C．$350.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheend?A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers?A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.C.Businesspartners.11.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inatravelagency.12.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee.C.Toattendameeting.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。13.Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker?A.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice.C.Theparkinglot.14.Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?A.Bybusandonfoot.B.Bytrainandbybus.C.Bytrainandonfoot.15.Whoisthespeaker?A.Areporter.B.Apoliceman.C.Aphotographer.第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。Pick-upAppointmentFormItem（物品）A16andsomemagazines20/20DestinationOverseasto17Delivery☑Air□RegularTimetopickup5:0018afternoonPackingAmediumboxCustomer'sinformationMr.Hudson1989Street,Chicago,20Tel:41597861-5CBCBA6-10BBACA11-15CBACA16.dictionary17.Italy18.Monday/Mon.19.Acket/ACKET20.15374第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain,________,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smoreB.That’stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot答案是D。21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。表示能力，用can。22.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcards______we’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem.A.butB.orC.forD.so【答案】D【解析】考查连词。上半句句意：Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过。前后因果关系，用so。23.Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever【答案】B20/20【解析】考查时态。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。_____makesthemostbeautifulkite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。24.—______thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？发生在过去，用过去式，故选A。25.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because【答案】C26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when【答案】B【解析】考查连词。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据句意可知选B。27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______theirvaluabletime.A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saved【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。动词不定式表目的，选C。28.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople_______youfigureitout.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.since【答案】C【解析】考查连词。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。根据句意可知选C。20/2029.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet.A.haven’tinventedB.haven’tbeeninventedC.hadn’tinventedD.hadn’tbeeninvented【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，排除B，故选D。学科网30.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________frombutterfliestoelephants.A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged【答案】A31.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when【答案】A【解析】考查关系词。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。32.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______withhisstudents.A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有谓语了，逻辑主语time和spend之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。33.People______betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglongerasaresult.A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，因此他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，故前面也用现在时态，故选B。34.Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.20/20A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput【答案】A35.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry.A.atB.inC.onD.by【答案】B【解析】考查介词。句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in。makealivinginfishingindustry“靠渔业谋生”。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve(解决)theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley（购物车）whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn’t43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45“BigBosses”lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising(募捐)drivein“LadybugJars”tocollecteveryone`ssparechangeduring“MakeChange”month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47calledNational20/20RedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada`s48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah`sPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah`sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2022BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!36.A.jumpingB.eatingC.cryingD.waving37.A.annoyedB.nervousC.ashamedD.upset38.A.behaveB.manageC.helpD.work39.A.pushingB.carryingC.buyingD.holding40.A.goodsB.bottlesC.foodsD.bags41.A.excitedB.determinedC.energeticD.grateful42.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.as43.A.soundB.getC.feelD.look44.A.exchangeB.leaveC.keepD.spread45.A.sellB.deliverC.hostD.pack46.A.contributeB.leadC.applyD.agree47.A.campaignB.tripC.procedureD.trial48.A.elderlyB.hungryC.lonelyD.sick49.A.awareB.afraidC.proudD.sure50A.goingB.sleepingC.travelingD.playing51.A.praisesB.invitationsC.repliesD.appointments52.A.needsB.interestsC.dreamsD.efforts53.A.forB.throughC.besidesD.along54.A.healthyB.publicC.normalD.tough55.A.choiceB.profitC.judgementD.difference【答案】20/2036-40BDCAD41-45BACDC46-50AABCB51-55ADBCD【解析】【语篇解读】本文讲述HannahTaylor通过自己的努力来建立公益组织筹集资金帮助那些无家可归忍饥挨饿的人。39.考查动词。A.pushing推；B.carrying拿；C.buying买；D.holding握。购物车肯定是推着的，故选A。40.考查名词。A.goods货物；B.bottles瓶子；C.foods食物；D.bags包。车上堆满了包，选D。41.考查形容词。A.excited激动的；B.determined下决心的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.grateful感激的。她更加下定决心做些事帮助这些人，故选B。42.考查连词。A.since自从；B.unless除非；C.although尽管；D.as因为。此处是指自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，选A。学科网43.考查动词。A.sound听；B.get获得；C.feel感觉；D.look看。她就不会和以前一样感觉那么糟糕了，故选C。44.考查动词。A.exchange交换；B.leave离开；C.keep保持；D.spread传播。她希望她的希望和意识的信息能够传播开来。故选D。45.考查动词。由语境可知她希望信息能够传播开来。spread传播。46.考查动词。A.contribute贡献，捐献；B.lead领导；C.apply申请，应用；D.agree同意。她试图劝说那些领导能为这个事业做出奉献，选A。47.考查名词。A.campaign运动；B.trip旅行；C.procedure过程；D.trial实验。此处指又一项运动，故选A。48.考查形容词。A.elderly年纪大的；B.hungry饥饿的；C.lonely孤独的；D.sick生病的。此处是指为那些饥饿的人和无家可归的人，选B。49.考查形容词。A.aware意识的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud骄傲的；D.sure肯定的。此处是指Hannah非常骄傲的东西，故选C。20/2050.考查动词。A.going去；B.sleeping睡；C.traveling旅行；D.playing玩。当天冷到在室外睡觉就意味着死的时候，故选B。51.考查名词。A.praises赞美；B.invitations邀请；C.replies回复；D.appointments约会。她收到了很多的赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，答案为A。第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyerolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.20/20Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.【答案】56B57C58B【解析】【语篇解读】讲述TaylorBisbee通过及时的CPR挽救了一位学生的生命。56.根据文章第三段Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.可知答案为B。57.根据倒数第三段“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife”可知她被别人通过心脏复苏救了回来，因此很幸运，选C。20/2058.通过她救Paris这件事可知她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，故选B。BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren’spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.What’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲学）—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope£55RestofWorld£65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope£60RestofWorld£70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.Itentertainsyoungparents.B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.20/20D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.60.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?A.Onlinecourses.B.Articlesonnewtopics.C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.61.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.£55.B.£60.C.£65.D.£70.62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.A.freebirthdaypresentsB.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】59.D60.B61.D62.BCMeasles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestoo20/20youngtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringzxxkkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.63．Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________.A．asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____________.A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A．Theoveruseofvaccine.B．Thelackofmedicalcare.20/20C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D．Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.【答案】63A64C65D66CDHollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,we20/20couldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeings20/20C.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayforadecade.【答案】67A68A69D70C【解析】【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了人工智能。69.根据第三段usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.可知不要让他们影响现实世界，故选D。70.根据最后一段SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.可知作者认为可以解决但是很困难，选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetween20/20neuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight`s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【答案】71C72E73F74G75B【解析】【语篇解读】本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。73.根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。74.根据下文中提到的关键词synapsesinthemice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。75.根据后一句提到的Youkeepwhatmatters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，故选B。第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.你建议的线路；2.你的理由；20/203.你的祝愿。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mhappyreceiveyourletterandknowyou’recomingtoChina.OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,botharehighlyrecommended.Personally,IpreferthetouralongtheYangtze,thelongestriverandoneofthemotherriversofChinesecivilization.YoucanlearnalotaboutthehistoryofChinaandChinesepeople.Moreover,thesceneryalongtheriverisamazing,withmanywell-knownsightseeingspots.That’swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzewillbeabetterchoice.Hopeyou’llhaveagoodtimeinChina.YoursLiHua第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video20/20 【答案】Graduationfinallycame.MyclassmatesandIdecidedtodosomething.Afteraheateddiscussion,weagreedonmakingavideotorecordourexperiencesatschool.Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.Theeditingpartafterthatwastough.Wedebatedoverwhattoputintothevideo.Somecompromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideoturnedoutperfect.Severaldayslater,whenthevideowasplayedonthegraduationceremony,itwaswellreceived.Thestudentsandteacherssharedagreattime.Thatsurelygaveusagreatsenseofachievement.20/2020/20