【优化指导】（山东专用）2022高考英语总复习 课时作业20 新人教版

【优化指导】（新课标全国）2022高考英语总复习课时作业20Unit5必修4一、单项填空1．—IheardthateightChinesepeacekeepersdiedinHaitiEarthquake.—Yes，______newscameas______shocktous.A．the；the　　　　　　　　　B．a；theC．the；aD．/；a解析：考查冠词用法。句意：“我听说有八位中国的维和部队队员在海地地震中丧生。”“是的，那个消息传来时我们都惊呆了。”第一个空特指“那条消息”用定冠词the；第二个空shock此处是可数名词，ashock表示“大吃一惊”。答案：C2．Anactorcannotwellplaytherolewithoutlifeexperience______morethanadancercanmakeadifferencewithoutmuchpractice.A．anyB．noC．notD．much解析：any和前面的not构成“notanymorethan＝nomorethan”短语，意思是“和……一样不”。句意：一个没有生活经验的演员和没有大量实践的舞蹈演员一样，不会扮演好自己的角色。答案：A3．—Whattimedoyouthinkisconvenientforournextmeeting?—Youmake______.______dayisallthesametome.A．one；OneB．it；AnyC．that；SomeD．this；Another解析：考查代词。Youmakeit.“你确定吧。”；anyday“随便哪一天。”答语句意：你来确定吧，随便哪一天对我来说都一样。答案：B4．Anewcitywillbesetup______wasawastelandaftertheearthquake.A．inwhatB．whereC．inwhichD．there解析：句意：一座新的城市在地震后的荒地上建了起来。setupin“在某地建起”，what引导的从句作介词in的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。此题考生易错选C项，因为前面没有先行词，故不是定语从句。8\n答案：A5．—Youcan’tfinishtypingitinlessthananhour?—______.A．Yes，I’msureIcanB．No，hardlyC．Sorry，Ican’tD．Idon’tthinkIcan6．Thegirlshouted“Goout______Icallthepolice！”A．orB．andC．untilD．before解析：考查连词。句意：那个女孩大声喊道：“在我还没有叫警察之前请你出去。”即：“再不快滚我叫警察了。”考查before引导的时间状语从句，call用了一般现在时态表示将来。选项A是陷阱，call改为willcall才选A项。答案：D7．Therewasafinancialcrisiscaselastyearwherethestockpricereducedto45%，causingpeopletobe______.A．invainB．insympathyC．atriskD．ataloss解析：考查介词短语辨析。根据语境“股票价格下降到了45%，致使很多人都蒙受了损失”可知ataloss“亏损”符合语境。答案：D8．—DoyouknowMr.Johnsonhasbeenillfordays?—Yes，Iwonderifheis______betternow.A．someB．muchC．anyD．no解析：考查形容词比较级的修饰语。答语句意：他是病了，我不知道他好点了没有。anybetter意为“好了一点”，符合语境。muchbetter，nobetter虽符合语法，但都不符合该题语境。答案：C9．—Excuseme.IsJohnsonlivinghere?—I’msorry，buthe______liveshere.8\nA．nomoreB．nolongerC．notmoreD．notlonger解析：考查短语在语境中的运用。根据语境“他已经不住在这里了”可知，用nolonger“不再”表示动作不再延续。答案：B10．—Doyoustillremember______theprofessorcame?—Sure.Itwasjustbytrainratherthanbyplane，Ithink.A．whenitwasthatB．howitwasthatC．whywasitthatD．howwasitthat解析：考查强调句。此处特殊疑问句的强调句作动词remember的宾语从句，根据答语中的bytrainratherthanbyplane可知问的是来的方式，宾语从句用陈述语序。答案：B11．Keepyourearsandheartsopen______youcanexperiencethegreatjoythatfriendshipcanbring.A．eventhoughB．sothatC．asifD．aslongas解析：考查连词的选择。句意：只要你敞开心扉，你就能体验友谊带来的无穷乐趣。后半句是前半句的结果，因此用连词sothat。答案：B12．Inordertokeephealthy，______.A．muchsportisneededB．oneneedstodomuchsportC．muchsportisneededbyoneD．oneisneededmuchsport解析：inordertokeephealthy表示目的，必须用人作主语，并且one和need之间是主动关系，因此B项正确。答案：B13．—You’dbettergiveupsmoking.Smokingisthebiggestpreventable______oflungcancer.—Ijustcan’tgiveitup，howeverhardItry.A．reasonB．excuseC．causeD．result8\n14．Youmayhaverememberedthisword，butitdoesn’t______meanthatyouhavemasteredtheuseofit.A．essentiallyB．simplyC．necessarilyD．purposefully解析：考查副词辨析。notnecessarily表示“不一定，未必”。句意：你可能已经记住了这个单词，但你未必就已经掌握了它的用法。答案：C15．Mymothersuggestednotonly______toMary’sbirthdaypartybutalsoIbuyapresentforher.A．didIgoB．shouldIgoC．IshouldgoD．ourgoing解析：考查倒装。notonly放在了宾语从句的句首，因此用倒装结构；suggest后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气(should)＋动词原形。答案：B二、阅读理解AAtutorissomeonewhoteachesoradvisesayoungerpersonwithlessexperience.Sometutoringprogramsconnectadultswithchildrenwhoneedguidanceandresearcherssaytutoringcanreducedrugandalcoholuseandviolenceamongyoungpeople.InSouthernCalifornia，anonprofitgroupcalledSchoolonWheelshasvolunteerswhotutorchildrenfromhomelessfamilies.Expertssaythataboutoneineveryfiftychildreninthecountryishomelessatsometimeduringtheyear.Theymightliveinsheltersorweeklyhotelsorabandonedbuildingsorevenonthestreets.Anywhereexceptapermanenthome.SineadChiltonisamarketingconsultant(顾问)forSchoolonWheels.ShesaysshewassurprisedtolearntheseriousnessoftheproblemwhenshemovedtotheUnitedStatesfromLondon.“WhenIfirstmovedheretenyearsago，Ididn’tevenconsiderthefactthattherewerehomelesschildreninAmerica.AndthenwhenIrealizedthattherewere1.6millionhomelesschildreninAmerica，itjustsurprisedme.Ireally8\ndidn’tknowhowtohelpthem.”Ms.ChiltonhasworkedwithSchoolonWheelsformorethansixyears.Shesaysshestillremembersthefirststudentshetutored.Shemetwithhereveryweekatalocalchurch.Thechurchprovidedshelterforpeopleonwinternights.Thegirlsleptonthefloor.AretiredteachernamedAgnesStevensstartedSchoolonWheelseightyearsago.Shewantedtohelphomelesschildrenstayinschool.Thegroupnowhasmorethanonethousandvolunteers.Eachyeartheytutorasmanyastwothousandstudents.Thegroupalsoprovidesservicestootherchildren，includingbackpacksandschoolsupplies.SchoolonWheelsalsohelpsparentstoputtheirchildreninschoolandadvisesparentsabouttheeducationsystem.南加州一个名为“车轮上的学校”的非盈利组织的志愿者为无家可归的孩子们提供辅导，为居无定所的流浪孩童们带来了巨大的福音！1．Weknowfromthepassagethat______.A．Ms.ChiltonwasonceahomelesschildB．SchoolonWheelswasstartedtomakemoneyC．tutoringcanhelpchildrentogetridofbadhabitsD．thetutorsofSchoolonWheelsarepaidbythegovernment解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“...researcherssaytutoringcanreducedrugandalcoholuseandviolenceamongyoungpeople.”可知，单独辅导可以帮助年轻人摒除恶习。答案：C2．WhatmadeSineadChiltonsurprisedwhenshefirstgottoAmerica?A．ThestatusofSchoolonWheels.B．ThelargenumberofhomelesschildreninAmerica.C．ThefactthattherewerehomelessAmericanchildren.D．ThedifferencebetweenrealAmericaandherimaginaryAmerica.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“AndthenwhenIrealizedthattherewere1.6millionhomelesschildreninAmerica，itjustsurprisedme.”可知，当SineadChilton得知当时在美国有160万无家可归儿童时，她感到惊讶。由此可知，美国无家可归儿童的庞大数量使SineadChilton感到意外。答案：B3．SineadChiltonjoinedSchoolonWheels______.8\nA．soonaftershearrivedinAmericaB．sixyearsaftershewenttoAmericaC．aftershehadlivedinAmericaformorethanthreeyearsD．whenshefoundajobasamarketingconsultantbychance解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“WhenIfirstmovedheretenyearsago...”可知，SineadChilton十年前移居到美国；根据第四段“Ms.ChiltonhasworkedwithSchoolonWheelsformorethansixyears.”可知，她已经在车轮上的学校工作了六年多。由此可推知，SineadChilton在搬到美国三年多后加入了该组织。答案：C4．Whichofthefollowingisnotaserviceprovidedbythegroup?A．Givingoutschoolsuppliestochildren.B．Offeringeducationtohomelesschildren.C．Providingweeklyhotelsforhomelesschildren.D．Givingadviceontheeducationsystemtoparents.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“InSouthernCalifornia，anonprofitgroupcalledSchoolonWheelshasvolunteerswhotutorchildrenfromhomelessfamilies.”可知B项正确；根据倒数第二段“Thegroupalsoprovidesservicestootherchildren，includingbackpacksandschoolsupplies.”可知A项正确；根据最后一段可知D项正确。车轮上的学校没有为无家可归儿童提供住宿的服务。答案：CBHumanbodiestendtostorefatasasourceofenergyforthefuture.Wheneverthequantityoffatcontainedinthebodygoesbeyondtheamountitneeds，thebodystartsstoringthisredundantfatinfatcells.Fatcellsarepresentonlyincertainareasofthebody.Thelargernumberoffatcells，thegreaterfatexistsinthatarea.Everyindividualhassomegeneticpredisposition(遗传倾向性)whichdetermineswherehewillstorefat.Youmayhaveobservedthatpotbelliesordoublechins(将军肚和双下颌)runinthefamily.Besides，menandwomentendtostorefatatdifferentplaces.Forinstance，womenstorefatinlegsandhips(臀部)ratherthanonstomachs.Menaremorelikelytocarrypoundsoffatontheirstomachs.Thereasonwhybellyfatissohardtoloseisthatyournormalmovementsdonotputanystressonthebellyregion.Thisisaveryintelligentstrategybythebodytopreventunnecessaryconsumptionoffat.Whatwouldhappenifyourbodystoredfatinyourhandsorfingers？Inthiscase，youwouldalwaysburnsomeamountof8\nfatwheneveryouperformedyourdailyfunctions.Asthebodydoesnotwanttoconsumeitsfatstorageunnecessarily，itchoosesasafespotforfatstorage.Storingfatonthestomachmakessurethatitstaystherehappilywhenyouonlyperformbasicfunctions.Besides，thestomachislocatedinthemiddleofthebody，thereforemakingitaperfectspotfordistributingfattotheentirebody.So，wheneverthebodyisrequiredtoburnfatformeetingenergyrequirement，itdoesnotwasteanyenergydistributingenergytofarawayorgans(器官)．Thus，thebodydoeseverythingitcantopreservethefatstayingonstomachs.Manypeopleadoptacompletelywrongapproachingettingridoftheirbellyfat.Onlythetypeofexerciseslikerunning，cyclinganddancingiseffectiveinlosingbellyfat.Beer，junkfood，highfatmeats，etc.，resultinfatstoredonstomachs.我们经常会看到有将军肚和双下颌的人，这与遗传因素有关。而尝试过减肥的人都知道，腹部的肉很难减，你知道这是为什么吗？5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“redundant”inthefirstparagraphmean?A．Harmful.　　　　　　　　B．Healthy.C．Notnecessary.D．Limitedinquantity.解析：词义猜测题。根据前文“Wheneverthequantityoffatcontainedinthebodygoesbeyondtheamountitneeds...”和“this”可知，每当脂肪含量超出身体所需时，身体就会将这些多余的脂肪储存在脂肪细胞中。故“redundant”意为“多余的，不需要的”。答案：C6．Thebodystoresfatonthestomachinorderto______.A．keepapersonhealthyB．avoidusingitunnecessarilyC．storeasmuchfataspossibleD．makeapersonlookbeautiful7．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Bellyfatandhealth.B．Howtolosebellyfat.8\nC．Thedisadvantagesofbellyfat.D．Whybellyfatishardtolose.解析：段落大意题。第二段第一句即为中心句，即为什么腹部的肉不好减。答案：D8．Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.A．fatstoredinourfingersishardtoconsumeB．bellyfatonlyoffersenergytoorgansnearbelliesC．eatingjunkfoodisagoodwayoflosingbellyfatD．notallkindsofexercisesarebeneficialtolosingbellyfat解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Onlythetypeofexerciseslikerunning，cyclinganddancingiseffectiveinlosingbellyfat.”可推知，不是所有的运动项目都有助于减少腹部的脂肪。答案：D8