【广东专用】2022届高考英语一轮复习 课时作业(三十二) Unit2 Robots 新人教版选修7

课时作业(三十二)　[选修7　Unit2　Robots](限时：45分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.语法填空Doyouknowaboutfirefighters?Oneofthegreatestheartbreaksforfirefightersoccurswhentheyfailtorescueachildfromaburningbuilding1.________thechild,frightenedbysmokeandnoise,hidesunderabedorinaclosetandislaterfound2.________(die)．Saddestofalliswhenchildrencatch3.________glimpseofthemaskedfirefighterbuthidebecausetheythinktheyhaveseenamonster(怪物).Topreventsuchtragedies,firefighterEricVelezgivestalkstochildreninhiscommunity,explainingthat4.________shouldneverhideduringafire.Hedisplaysfirefighters'equipment,includingtheoxygenmask,5.________heencourageshisaudiencetoplaywithandputon,“Ifyouseeus，”Veleztellsthem,“don'thide!Wehavecometorescueyou.”Velezgiveshispresentations(作口头报告)6.________EnglishandSpanish.Velezand7.________firefightersthroughoutNorthAmerica,whogivesimilarpresentations,willneverknowhowmanylivestheysavethroughtheirtalks.Butitisafactthatinformativespeaking8.________(save)manylives.Forexample,onedayPeteGentry'sbrotherwaschokingonsomefood.9.________(fortune),hewasrescuedbyPeteGentryusingthemethod10.________(teach)byastudentspeaker,JulieParis.ItwasjustseveralmonthsafterhelistenedtoaninformativespeechinNorthCarolina.Ⅱ.阅读理解AWASHINGTON—It'sagreatachievementthatinspiresnotions(观念)ofrobotswithconsciousnessandindependentminds.Whenpeopleoranimalsgethurt,theycanusuallycompensateforminorinjuriesandkeeplimpingalong,butforrobots,evenslightdamagecanmakethemstumbleandfall.However,arecentlymaderobothasdemonstratedanovelability:itcanhealitsowndamage.Thenewrobot,whichlookslikeasplaylegged(弓形腿的),fourfootedstarfish,cansenseinjurytoitselfandadapt.Thatabilitysetsthenewrobotapartfromearliermachines.Becausetherobotcanrecoverfromunfamiliarplaces.“Thereisaneedforplanetaryroboticrovers(行星机器探测车)tobeabletofixthingsontheirown，”saysJoshBongard,aprofessorintheUniversityofVermont,whoisoneofthedevice'screators.“Robotsonotherplanetsmustbeabletocontinuetheirmissionwithouthumanhelpiftheyaredamagedandcannotcommunicatetheirproblembacktoearth.”Atypicalrobotfunctionsaccordingtoacomputerprogram,butthenewrobotworksdifferently.First,sensorsinitsfourlegsobservetherobot'smovementsandsignaltoitsbuiltincomputer.Fromtheinformationitcollects,therobot6\ncreatesitsownprogramsthatallowittoadapttodifferentsituations.Forexample,whentheresearchersshortenedoneoftherobot'slegs,thesmartmachinesimplyadjusteditswayofwalking—itusedthreelegsinsteadoffour.Theresearchersarelookingforotherplacestoputtheresilientrobottowork.Onespotistheoceanfloor.ThatdarkanddangerousunderseaplacemightbeagoodchoiceforarobotthescientistscalltheStarfish.“Weneverofficiallynamedtherobot,butweusuallyrefertoitastheStarfish,eventhougharealstarfishhasfiveratherthanfourlegs，”saysBongard.“Also,arealstarfishismuchbetterthanourrobotatrecoveringfrominjury,becauseitcanactuallygrowitslegsagain.”Scientistshavecreatedrobotsthathelphumansinmanyways:byexploringspace,fightingfires,andevenperformingsurgery.11．Thenewlydesignedrobotdistinguishesitselffromtheformeronesbecauseit________．A．cancommunicatewithpeopleontheEarthabouttheirproblemsB．worksaccordingtoacertaincomputerprogramC．canfinditsproblemsandsolvethemautomaticallyD．canexploreunfamiliarplaces12．Anexampleisgiveninthefourthparagraphinordertoexplainthattherobot________．A．isusedtocreatenewprogramsB．hastypicalrobotfunctionsC．hassensorstoobserveitsmovementsD．cangatherinformationandadapttonewconditions13．Theunderlinedword“resilient”inthelastparagraphmeanstherobotis________．A．creativeB．newlymadeC．abletorecoverD．informative14．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttherobot“Starfish”？A．Itwasspokenhighlyofbypeopleforitsspecialability.B．Itwillstumbleandfallifdamaged.C．Itcangrowitslegsagainoncetheyarebroken.D．Ithasstartedtoworkontheoceanfloor.15．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowdoestheStarfishrobotworkB．DoItYourselfrobotsrepairC．RobotsdesignedtoworkonotherplanetsD．NewrobotshelpingusinmanywaysBInthefallof1985，IwasabrighteyedgirlheadingofftoHowardUniversity,aimingatalegalcareeranddreamingofsittingonaSupremeCourtbenchsomewhere.TwentyoneyearslaterIamstillabrighteyeddreamerandonewithquiteadifferenttaletotell.Mygrandma,anamazingwoman,graduatedfromcollegeattheageof65.Shewasthefirstinourfamilytoreachthatgoal.ButoneyearafterIstartedcollege,shedevelopedcancer.Imadethechoicetowithdrawfromcollegetocareforher.Itmeantthatschoolandmypersonaldreamwouldhavetowait.6\nThenIgotmarriedwithanotherdream:buildingmyfamilywithacombinationofadoptedandbiologicalchildren.In1999,weadoptedourfirstson.Tolayeyesonhimwasfantastic—andveryemotional.Ayearlatercameoursecondadoptedboy.ThenfollowedsonNo.3.In2022,Igavebirthtoanotherboy.YoucanimaginehowfullyoccupiedIbecame,raisingfourboysundertheageof8!Ourhomewasacompletezoo—ajoyouszoo.Notsurprising,Ineverdidmakeitbacktocollegefulltime.ButInevergaveuponthedreameither.Ihadonlyonechoice:tofindaway.Thatmeanttakingasfewasoneclasseachsemester.ThehardestpartwasfeelingguiltyaboutthetimeIspentawayfromtheboys.Theyoftenwantedmetostayhomewiththem.TherecertainlyweretimesIwantedtoquit,butIknewIshouldsetanexampleforthemtofollowthroughtherestoftheirlives.In2022,IgraduatedfromtheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Ittookmeover21yearstogetmycollegedegree!Iamnotspecial,justsingleminded.Italwaysstruckmethatwhenyou'relookingatabigchallengefromtheoutsideitlookshuge,butwhenyou'reinthemidstofit,itjustseemsnormal.Everythingyouwantwon'tarriveinyourlifeononeday.It'saprocess.Remember：littlestepsadduptobigdreams.16.WhentheauthorwenttoHowardUniversity,herdreamwastobe________.A．awriterB．ateacherC．ajudgeD．adoctor17．Whydidtheauthorquitschoolinhersecondyearofcollege?A．Shewantedtostudybyherself.B．Shefellinloveandgotmarried.C．Shesufferedfromaseriousillness.D．Shedecidedtolookafterhergrandma.18．WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraphs4and5?A．Shewasbusyyethappywithherfamilylife.B．Sheignoredherguiltyfeelingforhersons.C．Shewantedtoremainafulltimehousewife.D．Shewastooconfusedtomakeacorrectchoice.19．Whatdoestheauthormostlywanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B．Littlebylittle，onegoesfar.C．Everycoinhastwosides.D．Wellbegun，halfdone.20．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Caringanddetermined.B．Honestandresponsible.C．Ambitiousandsensitive.D．Innocentandsingleminded.Ⅲ.基础写作近年微博(microblog)在中国越来越流行。假设你是校报记者，请根据下列提示为校报写一篇介绍微博的英语短文。[写作内容]1．非常方便，人们可以随时利用微博来表达心声，交流想法；2．给人们提供了一种释放压力的方式；6\n3．与朋友分享心情，增进人与人之间的了解；4．也有潜在的危险，有可能泄露个人隐私或其他重要信息；5．综上所述，使用微博要谨慎。[写作要求]1．只能用5个句子表达全部内容；2．短文的开头已给出，不计入总句数。[评分标准]句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。Microbloghasbecomepartofourlife.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6\n课时作业(三十二)Ⅰ.1.because　因“这孩子躲在了床底下或柜子里”与“没有救出孩子”是因果关系，引导原因状语从句，用because。2．dead3．a　固定搭配：catchaglimpseof看见。4．they　指代他那个社区的children。5．which　引导定语从句并在从句中作with的宾语，先行词是theoxygenmask。6．in　表示“用”某种语言，用介词in。7．other　表示“另外的，别的”，作定语，用other。8．saves/hassaved　指客观事实，可用一般现在时；也可理解为告知性演讲“已经挽救了”许多生命，因此，也可用现在完成时。9．Fortunately　修饰后面的整个句子，作状语，用副词。10．taught　过去分词作定语；由by可知此处表示被动含义。Ⅱ.A文章向我们介绍了一种新型的机器人，它能在身体受损的情况下进行自我调节、自我修复。11．C　细节理解题。由第三段的…cansenseinjurytoitselfandadapt可知，这台机器人能够自己发现问题，并进行自动修复。12．D　细节理解题。由该段的Fromtheinformationitcollects,therobotcreatesitsownprogramsthatallowittoadapttodifferentsituations.可知，随后所举的例子就是为了说明其能够搜集信息、适应新的环境变化。13．C　词义猜测题。下文把这种类型的机器人比作starfish，并把它的性能和真正的starfish进行了比较：arealstarfishismuchbetterthanourrobotatrecoveringfrominjury，由此可以得出答案。14．A　细节理解题。用排除法。最后一段告诉我们，机器人不能和真的海星(starfish)一样长出新腿，故排除C；由最后一段前三句话可知：科学家正在寻找地方来试验这种机器人，也就是说还没有在海底使用，所以D项错误；由倒数第二段的最后一句话可以看出，这种机器人具有自我修复功能，即使是在一条腿受损的情况下，用三条腿也能走路，故B项错误。15．B　主旨大意题。文章向我们介绍了最近研发出来的一款智能机器人，其独特之处在于能够在部件损坏的情况下进行自我诊断、自我修复。由此可以看出B项最能概括全文。B作者为了照顾自己的奶奶(姥姥)，不得不放弃了继续在大学深造的机会。在忙碌的生活中，作者依然坚守着自己当初上大学的梦想，用21年的时间获得了大学学位。16．C　细节理解题。由第一段的aimingatalegalcareeranddreamingofsittingonaSupremeCourtbenchsomewhere可以看出，作者当初上哈佛大学的目的是：学法律、当法官。由此可以确定答案。17．D　细节理解题。第二段告诉我们，作者的奶奶(姥姥)得了癌症，作者withdrawfromcollegetocareforher，即：退学照顾奶奶(姥姥)。18．A　推理判断题。第四段告诉我们作者很忙碌(howfullyoccupiedIbecame)，第五段wantedmetostayhomewiththem这一情景告诉我们作者很幸福。19．B　推理判断题。文章最后一段告诉我们：任何东西的获得不是一天而成的，而是一个漫长的过程。最后一句话做了进一步的总结：littlestepsadduptobigdreams。这一意思和B项正好相符。20．A　推理判断题。作者有一个梦想，但在离梦想越来越近的时候，她选择了退学照顾自己生病的奶奶(姥姥)，同时她还收养了孩子，这都表明她很有爱心(caring)。与此同时，她在忙碌中没有忘记自己的梦想，用21年的时间获得了大学学位，由此可以看出作者意志很坚定(determined)。6\nⅢ.Onepossibleversion：Microblog_has_become_part_of_our_life.Itisveryconvenientforpeopletoexpresstheirfeelingsinstantlyatanytime.Besides,itprovidesachanceforpeopletoreleasetheirinnerstress.Byshowingtheirheartfeltemotionsonthemicroblog,theirfriendsmayalsoknowabouttheirconditionandcanoffertimelyresponse.However,microblogcanalsobepotentiallydangerousasitmaygiveawaypeople'sprivacyandothersignificantinformation.Allinall,microblogprovidesuswithsomeconcernsaswellasemotionalcomfortandlargequantitiesofinformation,soweshouldbecarefulwhileusingit.6