【广东专用】2022届高考英语一轮复习 课时作业(二十三) Unit3 Life in the future 新人教版必修5

课时作业(二十三)　[必修5　Unit3　Lifeinthefuture](限时：30分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.完形填空PlaywrightBertoltBrecht,knownforTheThreepennyOpera,oncesaid,“Fromthestartithasbeenthetheatre'sbusinesstoentertainpeople…itneedsnootherpassportthanfun.”Mymotherwouldhave__1__.Shedidn'tknowBrecht,butshealwayssaidthe__2__shouldbetoentertainpeople,andmakethem__3__hard.Bornin1910,mymotherwasthefirstdirectorIevermet.Evenfromayoungageshewasanentertainerwhothoughtperformingwasnotjustahobbyorevenaprofessionbutawayoflivingthatwasas__4__asbreathingoreating.WhenI__5__andmovedtoHollywoodasanadult,Iwouldlatercreate14primetimeTVshowsand__6__17movies.Duringmyfivedecadesinshowbusiness,Ineverforgotmymother'sadvicetofindthehumorin__7__.Ineverwantedto__8__theworld.Iwantedtoentertaintheworldandnotputpeopletosleep.Ifmymomhadbeenbornata(n)__9__timeinhistoryshemighthavebecomeastageactressoraperformerherself.Instead,shegroomedmytwosisters,PennyMarshallandRonnyMarshall,andItoworkinthe__10__ofentertainment.She__11__akindofpowerandrespectfromherbasementasadirectorthatevenOrsonWellesandMartinScorsesewouldfindenviable.Iwillneverstop__12__mymother'smessage,andIwillneverstopmissingher.__13__，asapresenttomymotherIbuiltTheMarjorieWardMarshallDanceCenteratmyalmamater,NorthwesternUniversity.WheneverIvisitthebuildingithelps__14__methattoentertainpeopleandmakethemlaughiswhatmyown__15__hasbeenallabout.1．A.rejectedB．objectedC．agreedD．laughed2．A.criterionB．consequenceC．doubtD．goal3．A.weepB．laughC．growD．remain4．A.privateB．shabbyC．essentialD．supreme5．A.builtupB．tookupC．grewupD．setup6．A.bringB．directC．watchD．like7．A.oneB．anythingC．nothingD．thing8．A.changeB．createC．ruinD．forget9．A.abnormalB．differentC．alternativeD．compulsory10．A.stageB．boundaryC．fieldD．procedure11．A.commandedB．ordered6\nC．presentedD．attracted12．A.comingonB．bringingonC．carryingonD．callingon13．A.GenerallyB．LikelyC．ActuallyD．Personally14．A.askB．tellC．remindD．inform15．A.careerB．hobbyC．adviceD．humorⅡ.阅读理解AWhatwillpeopledieof100yearsfromnow?Ifyouthinkthatisasimplequestion,youhavenotbeenpayingattentiontotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinbiotechnology(生物技术).Withthehelpofnewmedicine,thehumanbodywilllastaverylongtime.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents,murderandwar.Today'sleadingkillers,suchasheartdisease,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemories.Indiscussionoftechnologicalchanges,theInternetgetsmostoftheattentionthesedays.Butthechangeinmedicinecanbetherealtechnologicaleventofourtimes.Howlongcanhumanslive?Humanbrainswereknowntodecidethefinaldeath.Cellsarethebasicunitsofalllivingthings,anduntilrecently,scientistsweresurethatthelifeofcellscouldnotgomuchbeyond120yearsbecausethebasicmaterialsofcells,suchasthoseofbraincells,wouldnotlastforever.Buttheupperlimitswillbebrokenbynewmedicine.Sometimebetween2050and2100,medicinewillhaveadvancedtothepointatwhichevery10yearsorso,peoplewillbeabletotakemedicinetorepairtheirorgans.Themedicine,madeupofthebasicbuildingmaterialsoflife,willbuildnewbraincells,heartcells,andsoon—inmuchthesamewayourbodiesmakenewskincellstotaketheplaceofoldones.Itisexcitingtoimagethattheadvanceintechnologymaybechangingthemostbasicconditionofhumanexistence,butmanytechnicalproblemsstillmustbecleareduponthewaytothiswonderfulfuture.16．Accordingtothepassage,humandeathisnowmainlycausedby________．A．diseasesandagingB．accidentsandwarC．accidentsandagingD．heartdiseaseandwar17．Intheauthor'sopinion,today'smostimportantadvanceintechnologyliesin________．A．medicineB．theInternetC．braincellsD．humanorgans18．Humansmaylivelongerinthefuturebecause________．A．heartdiseasewillbefarawayfromusB．humanbrainscandecidethefinaldeathC．thebasicmaterialsofcellswilllastforeverD．humanorganscanberepairedbynewmedicine19．Howlongcanhumansliveinthefutureaccordingtothepassage?6\nA．Over100years.B．Morethan120years.C．About150years.D．Thepassagedoesn'ttellus.20．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A．humanlifewillnotlastmorethan120yearsinthefutureB．humanshavetotakemedicinetobuildnewskincellsnowC．muchmoreneedstobedonebeforehumanscanhavealongerlifeD．wehavealreadysolvedthetechnicalproblemsinbuildingnewcellsBTodayIwenttoSam'sschoolintheUK.ItwasdifferentfrommyschoolinChina.Theuniformswerealotmoresuitlike.Girlsworegrayskirtsandwhiteshirts,boysworesmartgraytrousers,andeveryoneworetheschooltie.Wearrivedat8：30amforregistration,andlessonsbeganat9am.Likeall15to16yearoldsintheUK,SamistakingherGCSE(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation)examsthissummer.Onceyou'vecompletedthese,youcanchoosewhethertodotwomoreyearsofschoolandtakeyour“Alevelexams”，whichyouneedtogotouniversity;doavocationalqualification(职业资格);orleaveschoolandtrytogetajob.EveryonehastotakeGCSEEnglishlanguage,math(“maths”intheUK)andscience.BecauseSamwantstogotouniversitytobecomealawyer,she'sdoingnineGCSEsintotal.She'llneedtogettopgrades,thehighestbeinganA.SomeofSam'slessonswereabitstrangeforme.WewerereadingShakespeareintheEnglishlesson,andtherewereallsortsofoldfashionedwordslike“thou”and“thee”tomean“you”.Inhistorywestudied20thCenturyChina.ItwasstrangehearingaforeignsideofhistoryandhearingEnglishpeopletryingtosayallourChinesenames!ClasseswerealotsmallerthaninChina;therewereonlybetween15and30studentsineachclass!Theywerealsoalotmorerelaxed.Maleteacherswerecalled“Sir”andfemaleteachers“Miss”outofrespect,buteveryoneshoutedoutanswersandwavedtheirhandsinlessons.Itwasmorelikeadebatethanaclass.Abellrangattheendofeachlessonandeveryoneleaptuptogotothenextclass.Atbreakweboughtcrispsandbiscuitsinthecanteen.LunchwaslaterthaninChina—at1o'clock.Wehadbigplatesof“shepherd'spie”—mincedmeattoppedwithmashedpotato—togetherwithpeasandcarrots.Fordesserttherewashotsweetricecalled“ricepudding”withjaminit.ItwasgoodthatI'dhadadecentlunch,becauseatSam'sschool,Mondayafternoonsaretakenupwithsport.IhadmyfirstintroductiontotheBritishgameofnetball—abitlikebasketball.LuckilyI'dhadaquicklookintherulebook(规则手册)beforeItriedtojoininthegame.21．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．NoteveryoneinSam'sschoolworetheschooltie.B．ThestudentsinSam'sschoolgottoschoolat8：30.C．ClassesinSam'sschoolweremuchsmallerthaninChina.6\nD．ThestudentsinSam'sschoolwerealsomuchmorerelaxed.22．AllthethingsstudentscanchoosetodoaftertheyfinishtheirGCSEsexcept________．A．doingtwomoreyearsofschoolandtakingtheirAlevelexamsB．doingavocationalqualificationC．leavingschoolandtryingtogetajobD．findingaparttimejob23．WhichofthefollowingisNOTstrangefortheauthoraccordingtothepassage?A．TherewereallkindsofoldfashionedwordsinShakespeare.B．Studentsleaptuptogotothenextclassafterfinishingonelesson.C．Foreignersstudied20thCenturyChina.D．EnglishpeopletriedtosayChinesenames.24．Whydostudentscallmaleteachers“Sir”andfemaleteachers“Miss”accordingtothepassage?A．Becausethestudentsliketeachers.B．Becausethestudentswanttoshowtheirrespecttotheirteachers.C．Becausetheschoolasksthemtodoit.D．Becauseitisacustom.25．WhatmightBritishstudentseatatbreak?A．Shepherd'spies.B．Peasandcarrots.C．Crispsandbiscuits.D．Ricepuddings.6\n课时作业(二十三)Ⅰ.“让人们快乐”，是妈妈从事艺术工作的根本目标，也是她老人家给“我”的建议，“我”也一直在这样努力着。1．C　考查动词辨析。下文告诉我们，妈妈的观点和PlaywrightBertoltBrecht的一样，认为演出就是娱乐观(听)众。也就是说她同意PlaywrightBertoltBrecht的观点。故选C。2．D　考查名词辨析。母亲认同“表演就是娱乐观众”，所以也就把entertainpeople作为自己的工作目标了。criterion标准；consequence结果，后果；doubt怀疑。3．B　考查动词辨析。根据上文的entertainpeople可知，四个选项中只有laugh(大笑)符合语境。4．C　考查形容词辨析。essential不可缺的，必不可少的。private私人的；shabby破旧的；supreme至高无上的，最高的。根据句意选C。5．C　考查动词短语辨析。growup成长，长大。句意为：当我长大成人，搬到好莱坞以后，我创作了14部在黄金时间播出的电视剧，导演了17部影片。6．B　考查动词辨析。direct导演。结合上文的create及句意选direct。7．B　考查代词辨析。既然是让观众高兴，就得在任何事物中寻找幽默，这样才能达到娱乐观(听)众的目标。所以选anything。8．A　考查动词辨析。句意为：我从没想过要改变世界，我只是想让人们高兴，并且让人们(在观看演出的时候)别睡觉。所以选change，意思是：改变。9．B　考查形容词辨析。atadifferenttime意思是：在不同的时期。句意为：如果她出生在历史上一个不同的时期，她自己会成为一个舞台演员或者是表演家。abnormal反常的，变态的；alternative可供替代的；compulsory强制的，必须做的。10．C　考查名词辨析。field(学习或研究的)领域。fieldofentertainment娱乐界。stage舞台；boundary分界线；procedure程序。11．A　考查动词辨析。这里指的是掌握了一种力量，所以用command。order命令；present赠送；attract吸引。12．C　考查动词短语辨析。carryon继续。这里指的是“我”将一直把妈妈的思想(也就是对我的建议)落实到实际中，所以用carryon。comeon加油；bringon引起，导致；callon拜访，访问。13．C　考查副词辨析。后面叙述的是一个事实，所以用actually，意思是：事实上。14．C　考查动词辨析。remindsbthat…意思是：使某人想起……/提醒某人……语境为：无论什么时候我参观这座大楼，它总是提醒“我”让人们快乐、让人们开心是“我”事业的全部。15．A　考查名词辨析。句意见上一题。career事业。Ⅱ.A本文主要讲述了人类的生命由于生物技术的发展可以无限期延长的愿望有可能成为现实。16．A　细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句得知，当今生命的主要杀手是心脏病、癌症、年老。17．A　细节理解题。第二段前两句的意思是说“当今在讨论技术改变时，人们往往注意到的是网络。然而医药学方面的改变可能是这个时代真正技术方面的大事件”，故选A。18．D　推理判断题。由第二段的后半部分可知，在2050～2100年期间，每隔10年左右，人们可以通过吃药来修整生病或衰老的器官，这应是未来长寿的原因。19．D　推理判断题。阅读全文后得知，文章没有具体告诉我们人们将来能活多少年。20．C　推理判断题。由最后一段得知，想象一下将来技术的发展改变了人类最基本的生存条件，真是让人兴奋，但想达到美好的将来还有很多技术问题要解决。B6\n这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者在英国Sam学校的亲身经历，看到了英国学校和中国学校各个方面的不同。21．A　细节理解题。从文章第二段的everyoneworetheschooltie看出A选项是不正确的。从文章第三段的Wearrivedat8：30amforregistration可看出B选项是正确的；从文章第五段的ClasseswerealotsmallerthaninChina;therewereonlybetween15and30studentsineachclass!Theywerealsoalotmorerelaxed.看出选项C和D是正确的。22．D　细节理解题。从文章第三段的Onceyou'vecompletedthese,youcanchoosewhethertodotwomoreyearsofschoolandtakeyour“Alevelexams”，whichyouneedtogotouniversity;doavocationalqualification;orleaveschoolandtrytogetajob.看出选项A、B和C项是学生们在拿到普通中等教育证书后可以做的。故选D项。23．B　细节理解题。从文章第四段的WewerereadingShakespeareintheEnglishlesson,andtherewereallsortsofoldfashionedwords…和Inhistorywestudied20thCenturyChina.ItwasstrangehearingaforeignsideofhistoryandhearingEnglishpeopletryingtosayallourChinesenames!看出选项A、C和D是正确的。故选B项。24．B　细节理解题。从文章第五段的Maleteacherswerecalled“Sir”andfemaleteachers“Miss”outofrespect看出B项是正确的。25．C　细节理解题。从文章第六段的Atbreakweboughtcrispsandbiscuitsinthecanteen.看出C项是正确的。从第六段的LunchwaslaterthaninChina—at1o'clock.Wehadbigplatesof“shepherd'spie”—mincedmeattoppedwithmashedpotato—togetherwithpeasandcarrots.Fordesserttherewashotsweetricecalled“ricepudding”withjaminit.看出A、B和D项的内容是中午饭要吃到的东西。6