【高考专题辅导】湖北省2022版高考英语 专题检测卷（十九）阅读理解

阅读理解(建议用时:25分钟)A(2022·武汉模拟)体裁说明文话题更改作息时间,有利学生记忆词数265　　Apioneeringheadteacheriscallingforallhighschoolstofollowhisleadandstartclassesat11am,allowingteenagerstwohoursextrainbed.Dr.PaulKelley,headofMonkseatonCommunityHighSchoolinNorthTyneside,saiditwouldmeantheendofsleepinginlessonsbeforelunch,afterexperimentsshowedteenagerscouldhavedifferentbodyclocksfromadultsandyoungerchildren.RussellFoster,anOxfordprofessorofneuroscience(神经科学),testedthememoryof200Monkseatonpupilsat9amand2pmusingpairsofwords,anddiscovereda9%improvementintheafternoon.Studentscorrectlyidentified51%ofwordpairsinthelatersession,comparedwith42%inthemorning.TaylerMcCullough,15,oneofthetestsubjects,saidthemajorityofstudentswouldwelcometheextrahoursinbed.“I’mextremelyhardtogetupinthemorning.Oneortwopeopleliketogettoschoolearly,butmostofuswouldbeupforgoinginlater.I’msureitwouldmakeabigdifferencetoourlearningability.”Kelleyisadamantthatachangeofschooltimetablewillhaveameaningfuleffectonexamperformance.Hewantshisschool’sgovernorstoapprovehisplanandputthenewtimetableinplacebeforetheopeningofMonkseaton’snewschoolbuilding,themosttechnologicallyadvancedinthecountry,inSeptember.Kelleyhopeshislatestideawillbejustassuccessful.“Wehavetobepractical.Butthisprovesthat,bystartinglater,children’slearningimproves,sodoestheirhealth.”Fostersaid,“Thisispreliminary(初步的)data,butwhat’sexcitingisthatitmatchesmoredetailedstudiescarriedoutinCanadaandtheUS.Teenagersgetuplatenotbecausetheyarelazybutbecausetheyarebiologicallyprogrammedtodoso.”1.Howmanyprofessorsarementionedinthepassage?A.One.　　B.Two.　　C.Three.　　D.Four.2.AccordingtoRussellFoster’sresearch,　　　.-7-\nA.thestudentstestedhadverygoodmemoriesB.thestudentstesteddidbetterjobsintheafternoonC.42%ofthestudentstestedcoulddoverygoodjobsD.51%ofthestudentstestedcouldmaster9%ofwords3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adamant”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.Angry.B.Absorbed.C.Adaptable.D.Determined.4.Foster’sopiniononteenagers’gettinguplateisthat　　　.A.teenagersarepracticalB.teenagersarelazy-bonesC.it’sbasedontheirbodydevelopmentD.it’sgoodfortheirlearningandhealthB体裁议论文题材大脑的研究词数390　　Whatmakeshumanssmarterthanotheranimals?We’vegotabiggerbrain,ofcourse.Butwhenitcomestobrains,isbiggeralwaysbetter?Traditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederived(源于)mostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.Peopleevenusedtobelievethatbecausemenhaveslightlylargerbrainsthanwomenthatmenaresmarter.This,however,isnotthetruth.ScientistsatUniversityCollegeLondonintheUKhavefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience.Throughmillionsofyearsofevolution,ourancestorswereconstantlypushedtogetsmartersothattheycouldmeetthedemandsofnewenvironments.However,holdingthisgrowingintelligenceinincreasinglylargebrainswasnotthebestchoicebecausebiggerbrainsrequiremoreenergytopower.“Thisiswhenreorganizationmaycomeintoplay,”saidChristopheSoligo,amemberoftheLondonresearchteam.Inthestudy,scientistslookedatthebrainsof17speciesofprimates(灵长目动物),includingmonkeys,apesandhumans.Theyfoundthatintheprocessofevolution,brainsdidn’tkeepgrowing-7-\nasawhole.Certainregionsofthebraingrewpriortoothersinresponsetospecies’needs,andinthiswaytheycouldmakethebestuseoftheirlimitedbrainspace.Forexample,whenearlyhumanswerestrugglingtosurvive,thebrainregioninchargeofusingtoolsandfindingfoodgrewinsizemorethanotherregions.Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex(前额皮质)—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition(认知),moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.Thinkofthebrainasaroom.Ifabigroomispoorlyorganized,itdoesn’tnecessarilystoremorestuffthanasmallerone.PaulManger,professorattheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica,explainsthisprincipleusingtheexampleofwhales.HetoldScientificAmerican:“Whaleshavebigbrains,absolutely.Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”5.Ithasrecentlybeenfoundthathumansaresmarterthantheotheranimalsmainlybecause　　　.A.theyareaspeciesofprimatesB.theyhavemuchlargerbrainsC.theirbrainstructureismorecomplexD.theywereconstantlypushedtogetsmarter6.Accordingtothearticle,inrecenthumanevolution,　　　.A.thebrainkeptgrowinginsizetoadapttonewenvironmentsB.mostregionsofthebraindidn’tchangeC.theprefrontalcortexgrewmorethantherestofthebrainD.humans’brainsbecameincreasinglysimplesothathumanscouldsurvive7.Whatcanweconcludefromthearticle?A.Gendermakesadifferenceinintelligence.B.Thesizeofthebrainhasnothingtodowithintelligence.C.Specieswhosebrainisorganizedproperlytendtobesmarter.D.Largerbrainsareusuallyorganizedbetterthansmallerones.8.Themethodthewriterusestodevelopthelastparagraphis　　　.A.bypresentingresearchdataB.bygivingexamples-7-\nC.bymakingacomparisonD.byanalyzingcauseandeffectC体裁说明文题材年度单词词数273　　EveryyearChrisBroganpostshisthreewordsforanewyear.ManyothersandIhavefollowedhisleadforthepastthreeorfouryears.Theyhelpedmealot.Mywordsforlastyearwere“passion”,“focus”and“delegate”andIstayedtruetothem.Thisyear,2022,mygoalsaremorepersonalandlessprofessional.FOCUSFocusismakingarepeatappearanceonmylistthisyearbecauseI’mtoomuchofamultitasker.TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.WhenIwasworkingasawriter,allmyprojectswerehandledviaaschedule,I’mputtingafitnessandhousekeepingroutineintomyschedule.HEALTHIgetsobusytakingcareofeveryoneelse,andIforgettotakecareofmyselfandthishastochange.Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck,notonlyformebutbecauseIpromisedmy9-year-oldson.I’llmakegoodfoodandlifestylechoices.Imissbeingthin,andit’stimetogetitback.CELEBRATEWhatgoodishavingitifI’mnottakingtimetoenjoyit?Ihaveawonderfuljob,ahappyfamily,andsomuchtobethankfulfor.SohowcomeIspendallmytimeworking?Lastsummermyfamilytookourfirstvacationinfouryears,thebestthingI’vedoneformyselfandmyfamilyinalongtime.Thisyear,I’mmakingsuretotaketimetoenjoylifeandcelebrateitsmanyblessings.Doyouhaveanywordsfor2022?9.Theunderlinedword“multitasker”probablyreferstoapersonwho　　　.A.makesalivingbywritingB.alwaysfailstofinishataskontimeC.hasseveralthingstodoatthesametimeD.paysmoreattentiontofitnessandhousekeeping-7-\n10.Whydoesthewriterhave“HEALTH”asoneofhisthreewords?A.Hewantstotakebettercareofothers.B.He’sgainingweightandfeelingbad.C.Hedidnottakeanyexerciseinthepast.D.Hegottheideafromhisson.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theword“CELEBRATE”canremindthewritertoenjoylife.B.Thewriterhasavacationwithhisfamilyeveryfouryears.C.Theword“FOCUS”canhelpthewriterfocusonhisfamily.D.Thewriterusedtobeoverweightforlackofexercise.12.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe　　　.A.ThreeWordsfor2022B.HealthShouldGoFirstC.KeepOrganizedD.Goalsfor2022【拓展训练】根据阅读理解B翻译并分析长难句:Traditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederivedmostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.句意:分析:第一个that引导从句,第二个that引导从句,强调的内容。答案解析A　　【文章大意】经过研究发现学生在下午的记忆效果更好,因而一位高中校长呼吁高中学校更改作息时间表,认为这样更加符合青少年的生物钟。1.【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章中只提到一个教授,就是牛津大学的RussellFoster教授。2.【解析】-7-\n选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的内容可知他的研究表明被测试的学生在下午的表现更好。3.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段中Kelley所持的观点以及第三段中的测验结果以及被测验对象所说的话可推测Kelley“坚定不移”地认为学校时间表的变化会对考试表现产生有意义的影响。前三项分别表示“生气的”“全神贯注的”“能适应的”,均不符合语境。4.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的内容可知他认为青少年晚起是由他们身体的发展所决定的。B　　【文章大意】是不是大脑越大越聪明?看看科学家们是怎么说的吧。5.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段的“...havefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience”可以推知C为正确答案。6.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段的“Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition,moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.”可知C正确。7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段的“Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”可以推知,以一种合适的方式建构的相对复杂的大脑趋向于更聪明,故C正确。8.【解析】选B。逻辑结构题。最后一段以鲸鱼为例来说明并非大脑越大,就越聪明,故选B。C　　【文章大意】作者介绍了2022年自己的三个重要单词:focus,health,celebrate,说明了选择这三个单词的原因。9.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从第二段的句子TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.可知这个单词是“一次有很多任务的人”。10.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第三段的句子Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck可知作者的健康和体重出了问题。11.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子I’mmakingsuretotaketimetoenjoylifeandcelebrateitsmanyblessings可知celebrate这个词提醒作者要享受生活。12.【解析】选A。推理判断题。从最后一段的句子Doyouhaveanywordsfor2022?可知这篇文章讲的是2022年的三个单词。【拓展训练】-7-\n答案：科学家们习惯上认为人类的高智商主要源于我们的大脑比我们的近亲——猩猩的大脑大三倍这个事实。宾语同位语fact-7-