山东省青岛市2022高考英语 阅读理解考前训练（4）

2022青岛市高考英语（阅读理解）考前训练（4）及答案解析EdwardWilsonisAmerica’s，ifnottheworld’s，leadingnaturalist.InTheFutureofLife，hetakesusonatouroftheworld’snaturalresources(资源).Howaretheyused?Whathasbeenlost?Whatremainsandisitabletocontinuewiththepresentspeedofuse?Wilsonalsopointsouttheneedtounderstandfullythebiodiversity(生物多样性)ofourearth.Wilsonbeginswithanopenlettertothepioneerinenvironment(环境)protection，HenryDavidThorean.Hecomparestoday’sWaldenPondwiththatofThorean’sday.Wilsonwillusesuchcomparisonsfortherestofthebook.Theproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.Cantheearth，withhumanhelp，bemadetoreturntobiodiversitylevelsthatwillbeabletosupportusinthefuture?Biodiversity，Wilsonargues，isthekeytosettlingmanyproblemstheearthfacestoday.Evenouragriculturalcropscangainadvantagesfromit.Amerehundredspecies(物种)arethebasisofourfoodsupply，ofwhichbuttwentycarrytheload.Wilsonsuggestschangingthissituationbylookingintotenthousandspeciesthatcouldbemadeuseof，whichwillbeawaytoreducetheclearingofthenaturalhomesofplantsandanimalstoenlargefarmingareas.Attheendofthebook，Wilsondiscussestheimportanceofhumanvaluesinconsideringtheenvironment.Ifyouaretocontinuetoliveontheearth,youmaywellreadandactontheideasinthisbook.72.WelearnfromthetextthatWilsoncaresmostabout.A.theenvironmentforplantsB.thebiodiversityofourearthC.thewasteofnaturalresourcesD.theimportanceofhumanvalues73.Howmanyspeciesaremostimportanttoourpresentfoodsupply?A.Twenty.B.Eighty.C.Onehundred.D.Tenthousand.74.Wilsonsuggeststhatonewaytokeepbiodiversityisto.A.learnhowtofarmscientificallyB.buildhomesforsomedyingspecies-6-\nC.makeitclearwhattoeatD.usemorespeciesforfood75.Wecaninferthatthetextis.A.adescriptionofnaturalresourcesB.aresearchreportC.abookreviewD.anintroductiontoascientist答案72.B73.A74.D75.C**************************************************结束(第******篇)Nexttimeacustomercomestoyouroffice,offerhimacupofcoffee.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonline,makesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea.Thephysicalsensation(感觉)ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmth,whileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions—thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception(感知)ofanother’s“warmth”isapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.Judgingsomeonetobeeither“warm”or“cold”isaprimaryconsideration,eventrumpingevidencethata“cold”personmaybemorecapable.Muchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiences,Barghargues,whenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensations,particularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudicsbyHarryHarlow,publishedin1958,showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoacloth“mother”ratherthanonemadeofwire,evenwhenthewire“mother”carriedafoodbottle.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsof“warmth”and“coldness”insocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.Althoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendone,Barghsaysthatdescribingpeopleas“warm”，or“cold”iscommontomanycultures,andstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.Totesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmth,Barghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses(假设),handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffee,oracolddrink,toholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform.Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.Afterthat,thestudentswereaskedtorate-6-\nthepersonalityof“PersonA”basedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.“Wearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractly，”saysBargh.[语篇解读]　最近的心理学研究发现，人们对“温暖”或者“寒冷”的感受可以改变人们的情感。5．AccordingtoParagraph1,aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby________.A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline[解析]　细节理解题。由文章第一段的第三句话可知，温暖的感觉激发温暖的情感，而冷饮在手则会阻止你做出不明智的决定，因此可以说一个人的情感可能会受到冷的感觉的影响。[答案]　B6．TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat________.A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontactC.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships[解析]　细节理解题。在试验中，猴子喜欢去靠近布制的“妈妈”而不喜欢“金属线”做的“妈妈”。这使心理学家们强调养育者应该让孩子们多接触一些令人感觉温暖的东西，以帮助孩子们成长为有正常社交技能的健康的成年人，故B项正确。[答案]　B7．InBargh’sexperiment,thestudentswereaskedto________.A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively[解析]　细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段中的“Afterthat，thestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityof‘PersonA’basedonaparticulardescription.”可知选A。在试验中，学生被要求评价某人的性格。[答案]　A8．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.-6-\nA.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers[解析]　推理判断题。全文都在论述人们对“温暖”或“寒冷”的感觉可以影响人们对事物的评价。因此，物理温度会影响我们看待他人的方式。因此选C。[答案]　C9．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationshipsB.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluationC.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabitsD.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions[解析]　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是人们对物理温度的感觉对人们情绪的影响，D项概括性比较强。[答案]　D******************************************************结束(第******篇)14daysfromjust￡2,090ppFullyinclusivefromtheUKPricecovers:Internationalairfares,departuretaxes,fuelcharges,localtransportation,accommodation,allmeals,entrancefees,guides,dailytoursandvisasforUKcitizens.◆Days13:UKShanghaiFlytothegreatcityofShanghaiandintheeveningsampletraditionalShanghaifood.VisitthebeautifulYuGardens,OldTown,ShanghaiMuseum,crosstheGreatNanpuBridgeandtourthePudongarea.AlsoexploreXintiandiwithits1920’sstyleShikumenbuildingsandendyourstayinShanghaiwithanamazingHuangpuRivereveningtour.-6-\n◆Days47:ShanghaiYangtzeRiverTourFlytoYichangandchange(approx:onehour)toboardyourYangtzeRivershipforthenextfournights.EnjoyatouroftheThreeGorgesDam(三峡大坝)beforesailingonthegrandYangtzeRiver,passingthroughtheimpressiveThreeGorges.WetakeasidetriptotheLesserThreeGorgesortraveluptheShennongStreaminapeapodboatandenjoyvariousshoretripsalongtheway.◆Day8:ChongqingChengduGetoffinChongqinganddrivetoChengduforanovernightstay.◆Days910:ChengduXi’anVisitthefamousPandaReservetoseethelovelyanimals.WethenflytothehistoriccityofXi’anfortwonights’stayandenjoytraditionalShuiJiao.Nextday,exploreoneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesofthe20thCentury—theTerracottaWarriors(兵马俑)，followedbytheancientCityWallandaperformanceofTangDynastydancing.◆Days1113：Xi’anBeijingVisitLittleWildGoosePagodaandseetheancientobjectsatthewellknownShaanxiProvincialMuseumbeforewalkingthroughthelivelyMuslimQuartertoseetheGreatMosque.LaterflytoBeijingforthreenights’stayandtryPekingDuck.DuringourstayinBeijing,westrollthroughTiananmenSquaretotheForbiddenCity,thelargestandbestpreservedcollectionofancientbuildingsinChina,andvisittheSummerPalace.NextdaywetakeawalkontheGreatWall,tourtheuniqueTempleofHeavenandenjoyanattractiveChineseAcrobaticShow.◆Day14:BeijingUKFlybacktotheUK,arrivinghomelaterthesamedayfilledwithhappymemories.[语篇解读]　本文是一则广告，介绍到中国旅游的一些日程安排。1．Theunderlinedword“sample”inthepassageprobablymeans“________”．A.buy　　　　　　　　　B.reserveC.tasteD.make[解析]　词义猜测题。该句说的是飞抵上海，在晚上应该是“品尝”传统的上海食物。其他选项明显不符合句意。[答案]　C2．ThefirstandlastscenicspotstobevisitedinXi’anare________.A.theTerracottaWarriorsandtheGreatMosqueB.theTerracottaWarriorsandShaanxiProvincialMuseum-6-\nC.LittleWildGoosePagodaandtheGreatMosqueD.LittleWildGoosePagodaandtheMuslimQuarter[解析]　细节理解题。依据Days910：Chengdu—Xi’an这个部分可知，在西安最先看的景点是兵马俑；再依据Days1113：Xi’an—Beijing可知，离开西安前看的景点是theGreatMosque(清真寺)。[答案]　A3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothead?A.Tbetouristswillhavetopayextraforfuelandmeals.B.Thetouristswillvisitthe1920’sShikumenbuildingsinBeijing.C.ThetouristswilltakeasidetriptotheThreeGorgesDamduringthetour.D.ThetouristswillstayinBeijingforthreenightsbeforeleavingfortheUK.[解析]　细节理解题。依据Days1113：Xi’an—Beijing这个部分的内容可知，游客要在北京呆三个晚上，所以选D。[答案]　D4．Theadismainlyintendedto________.A.encouragetheBritishtotravelinChinaB.attracttheBritishtotraditionalChinesefoodC.offerservicesofbookingairticketstotouristsD.providetheBritishwithabetterunderstandingofChina[解析]　写作意图题。这是一则广告，把旅游的日程安排以及中国的文化古迹、人文地理及美食介绍给英国游客，自然目的是A。[答案]　A。************************************************************************结束-6-