湖北省2022高考英语 专项训练 阅读理解37

2022高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项50-37AAmericanresearcherssaydrinkingteamayhelpstrengthenthebody’sdefensesystemagainstinfection（感染）.DoctorsatBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBoston,Massachusetts,didthestudy.Theteamstudiedachemicalfoundinblack,green,oolongandpekoetea.Thischemicalisanaminoacid（氨基酸）calledL-theanine.ThescientistssayitmayincreasethestrengthofgammadeltaTcells.That’stheletterT,notthedrink.GammadeltaTcellsarepartofthebody’sdefenses.First,theresearchersmixedsomeofthesecellswithantigens（抗原）foundintheaminoacid.Antigenshelpthebodyreacttoinfection.Thenthescientistsaddedsomebacteria（细菌）.Withintwenty-fourhours,thecellsproducedalotofinterferon,asubstancethatfightsinfection.Cellsnotmixedwiththeantigensdidnotproduceinterferon.Inthesecondpartofthestudy,elevenpeopledrankfivetosixcupsofblackteaeveryday.Tenotherpeopledrankthesameamountofinstantcoffee.Thatisdriedcoffeemixedwithhotwater.Twoweekslater,andagaintwoweeksafterthat,theresearcherstestedthebloodofalltwenty-onepeople.Theyalsolookedatwhathappenedwhentheyaddedbacteriatothebloodcells.Theyfoundthattheteadrinkersproducedfivetimesmoreinterferonaftertheystarteddrinkingtea.Thecoffeedrinkersdidnotproduceinterferon.DoctorJackBukowskiledthestudy.HesaystheantigensaddedtothegammadeltaTcellswereresponsiblefortheincreasedreactiontothebacteria.Hesaysthestudyalsoshowedthatthecellswereabletorememberthebacteriaandfightthemagainthenexttime.Earlierresearchalreadyhasfoundthatteacanhelppreventheartdiseaseandcancer.DoctorBukowskisaysthenewstudymustberepeatedwithmorepeople.Ifthefindingsprovetobetrue,hesays,thenteadrinkingmightalsohelpprotectagainstbacterialinfections.HesaystheaminoacidL-theaninecouldberemovedfromteaandusedasadrugtostrengthenthebody’sdefenses.1.Wemayknowfromthetextthat________canbefoundindifferentkindsoftea.A.GammadeltaTcellsB.L-theanineC.interferonD.bacteria答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第一段“Theteamstudiedachemicalfound4\ninblack,green,oolongandpekoetea.ThischemicalisanaminoacidcalledL-theanine.”可知，在black,green,oolongandpekoetea里面发现了叫做L-theanine的化学成分。故答案为B。2.Teamayhelpstrengthenthebody’sdefensesystembecauseithelps________.A.thebodytoproducemoreinterferonB.thebodytoproducemoregammadeltaTcellsC.toaddsomebacteriatothebloodcellsD.tomixantigenswithsomeofthecellsinthebody答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。由第二段“Withintwenty-fourhours,thecellsproducedalotofinterferon,asubstancethatfightsinfection.”可知，细胞产生interferon，它可以抵抗感染，故可推断，茶能增强身体的抵抗能力因为它能帮助身体产生更多的interferon。故答案为A。3.AccordingtoDrBukowski,________.A.thefindingsofthestudyhavealreadyprovedtobetrueB.hehastakensomeaminoacidL-theaninefromteaandmadeadrugwithitC.furtherstudyisneededtoprovethefindingstrueD.heisnotsurewhetherteacanhelppreventheartdiseaseandcancer答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由最后一段首句“Earlierresearchalreadyhasfoundthatteacanhelppreventheartdiseaseandcancer.”可知，D选项错误。由该段的后文“DoctorBukowskisaysthenewstudymustberepeatedwithmorepeople.Ifthefindingsprovetobetrue…”可知，A选项错误，C选项正确。由最后一句“HesaystheaminoacidL-theaninecouldberemovedfromteaandusedasadrugtostrengthenthebody’sdefenses.”可知，DrBukowski认为可以从茶中提取aminoacidL-theanine来制药，B选项与文意不符，故错误。4.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthisText?A.TeaIsBetterThanCoffee.B.TeaMayHelpFightInfectionC.TeaCanHelpPreventCancer.D.OurBodyNeedsTea答案解析：答案为B。全文都是围绕第一段首句“Americanresearcherssaydrinkingteamayhelpstrengthenthebody’sdefensesystemagainstinfection.”展开，故标题为B选项。B4\nMaybeyouneveropenedthataccount,butsomeoneelsedid——someonewhousedyournameandpersonalinformationtocommitfraud（造假）.Whenanimposterusesyourname,yourcreditcardnumber,orsomeotherpieceofyourpersonalinformationfortheirownpurpose–inshort,whensomeonetakesyourpersonalinformationwithoutyourknowledge–it’sacrime,pureandsimple.Thebiggestproblemisthatyoumaynotknowyouridentity（身份）hasbeenstolenuntilyounoticethatsomething’swrong:youmaygetbillsforacreditcardaccountyouneveropened,yourcreditreportmayincludedebtsyouneverknewyouhad,abillingcyclemaypasswithoutyourreceivingastatement,oryoumayseechargesonyourbillsthatyoudidn’tsignfor,andevendon’tknowanythingabout.Ifsomeonehasstolenyouridentity,theFederalTradeCommission(FTC)suggeststhatyoutakethreeactionsimmediately.First,contactthefrauddepartmentsofeachofthethreemajorcreditoffices.Tellthemtoflagyourfilewithafraudalert（警告）includingastatementthatcreditorsshouldgetyourpermissionbeforeopeninganynewaccountsinyourname.Then,askthecreditofficesforcopiesofyourcreditreports.Creditofficesmustgiveyouafreecopyofyourreportifitisnotcorrectbecauseoffraud.Reviewyourreportscarefullytomakesurenoadditionalfraudulentaccountshavebeenopenedinyournameorunauthorized（侵权的）changesmadetoyourpresentaccounts.Inafewmonths,ordernewcopiesofyourreportstocheckyourcorrectionsandchanges,andtomakesurenonewfraudulentactivityhasoccurred.1.What’sthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.Whatyoushoulddoifyourcreditcardisstolen.B.Whatyoushoulddoifyouridentityisstolen.C.Whatanimposteralwaysdoestomakemoney.D.WhattheFederalTradeCommissionisabout.答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的主旨大意。本文的前半部分引出身份信息被盗的问题，后面的重点是告诉读者身份信息被盗后该如何做。故答案为B。2.Whatshouldyoudofirstwhenyoufindyouridentityisstolen?A.Informcreditorsnottoopenanynewaccountsinyournamewithoutyourpermission.B.Askforcopiesofyourcreditreportsandmakesurenootherfraudshavebeenmade.C.Keeporderingnewcopiestocheckwhatyouhavealreadychangedandcorrected.4\nD.AlwayslockyourIDcardinyourcupboardincaseitshouldbestolen.答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。由倒数第二段可知，当发现个人身份信息被盗后，首先要联系防伪部门，让他们关注你的资料，警告债权人在用你的名字开任何新的账户前应该得到你的允许。故答案为A。3.Whatisthemostdifficultthingforpeopletodealwithidentityfrauds?A.Nomeasurescanworkonthebillingcycle.B.Thereisnostrictlawforthiskindofbehaviors.C.Itmightbealongtimebeforeyourealizethat.D.TheFTCdoesnothingexceptforthreesuggestions.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。由文章第二段首句“Thebiggestproblemisthatyoumaynotknowyouridentityhasbeenstolenuntilyounoticethatsomething’swrong…”可知，直到你注意出了问题后才知道身份信息被盗是最大的问题。故答案为C。4.Whichistheleastpossibleifafraudhashappenedtoyou?A.Youmayhavedebtsinyourcreditcard.B.Youmayfindchargesonyourbillsunauthorized.C.Anewcreditcardmaybeopenedinyourname.D.Thefrauddepartmentscanfindouttheimposterrightaway.答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。由第二段冒号后面的内容可知，身份信息被盗后，你的信用卡会负债，你会收到未经授权的收费账单，还会出现以你的名字新开的信用卡。文中未提及防伪部门可以马上找到骗子，后文的措施也是在暗示找到骗子并不容易。故答案为D。4