湖北省2022高考英语 专项训练 阅读理解39

2022高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项50-39AI’vewritten14movies．Mycharacterssmokeinmanyofthem,andtheylookcoolandglamorous（有魅力的）doingit．Smokingwasanintegral（必需的）partofmanyofmyscreenplaysbecauseIwasaheavysmoker．Itwaspartofabad-boyimageI’dcultivatedforalongtime—smoking,drinking,partying,rock’n’roll．Smoking,Ioncebelieved,waseveryperson’sright．Thesecond-handsmokewasnon-existentprobleminventedbyprofessionaldo-gooders．Iputalltheseviewsintomyplays．Rememberingallthis,Ifindithardtoforgivemyself．Ihavebeenanaccomplice(帮凶)tothemurdersofuntoldnumbersofhumanbeings．IamadmittingthisonlybecauseIhavemadeadealwithGod．Spareme,Isaid,andIwilltrytostopothersfromcommittingthesamecrimesIdid．EighteenmonthsagoIwasdiagnosedwiththroatcancer,theresultofalifetimeofsmoking．Iamalivebutdisabled．Muchofmylarynx(喉)isgone．Ihavesomedifficultyspeaking;othershavesomedifficultyunderstandingme．Ihaven’tsmokedordrunkfor18monthsnow,thoughIstilltakeitdaybydayandprayforhelp．Ibelieveinprayerandexercise．Ihavewalkedfivemilesadayforayear,withoutmissingevenoneday．QuittingsmokinganddrinkinghastaughtmethehardestlessonI’veeverlearnedaboutmyownweakness;ithasalsogivenmethegreatestaffectionandempathy(同感)forthosestilladdicted．Idon’tthinksmokingiseveryperson’srightanymore．Ithinksmokingshouldbeasillegalasheroin（海洛因）．I’mnolongersuchabadboy．IgotochurchonSunday．I’mdesperatetoseemyfourboysgrowup．IwanttodoeverythingIcantoundothedamageIhavedonewithmyownbig-screenwordsandimages．Screenwritersknow,too,thatsomemoviestarsaremorelikelytoplayapartiftheycansmoke—becausetheyaresoaddictedtosmokingthattheyhavedifficultystoppingevenduringtheshootingofascene．Myhandsarebloody;soareHollywood’s．Mycancerhascausedmetoattempttocleanse（彻底清洁）me．Idon’twishmyfateuponanyoneinHollywood,butI5\nbegthatHollywoodshouldstopputtingituponmillionsofothers．1.Themainideaofthispassageprobablyis_________．A.thewriterisashamedofthebadeffectshisscreenplayshavehadonhumanbeingsB.thewriter’ssmokingexperiencenearlykilledhimselfC.thebadeffectsthatHollywoodscreenplayhavebroughttochildrenD.thedeterminationofthewritertoovercomehisillness答案解析：答案为A。本题为文章大意题。第一段作者引入话题，在他创作的电影中，很多人物吸烟，吸烟是他的作品中必需的，这些吸烟的场景影响了人们，后面的段落介绍作者因为吸烟而患上了喉癌，深受其苦，也表达了他深深的忏悔之意，最后一段表达作者的希望，希望好莱坞电影不再有吸烟的场景，让厄运降临到别人身上。故本文的大意为作者对他的荧幕剧对人们产生的坏影响感到惭愧。故答案为A。B、D是文中的细节，C选项在文中未提及，均不选。2.Howdoyouthinkthewriterhasrealizedhismistake?A.Somanypeoplehavefoundthehabitofsmokingduetohisplays．B.Hisplayshavebroughtgreatharmtoteenagers．C.Hehimselfsufferedgreatlyfromsmoking．D.Hisscreenplayshavebeendoingmoreandmoreharmtohumanbeings．答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第三段的首句提到的“…Ifindithardtoforgivemyself”和该段最后一句提到的“…andIwilltrytostopothersfromcommittingthesamecrimesIdid.”,以及第四段首句“EighteenmonthsagoIwasdiagnosedwiththroatcancer,theresultofalifetimeofsmoking．”可知，作者难以原谅自己，将会努力阻止别人和他一样犯相同的罪，因为他诊断有吸烟导致的喉癌，故答案为C，作者自己深受吸烟之害。A选项与题干无关；B选项未提及；D选项夸大了他的作品的危害，均不选。3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.Hehasmadeuphismindtogiveupsmokingforever．5\nB.Hewilltryhisbesttopreventothersfromwritingscreenplaysencouragingsmoking．C.Hewilltryhisbesttobringuphisfourchildren．D.Hehasdecidedtowritehisscreenplayswithoutsmokingscenes．答案解析：答案为D。本题为语义理解题。划线部分所在的句意为“我会尽我一切所能来消除我在荧幕上创作的文字和形象给人们带来的伤害”。这种伤害来自第一段提到的作者的作品中吸烟是必需的场景，由此可以推断，划线部分意为作者决定在自己的作品中不再有吸烟场景。故答案为D。4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______．A.thewriterwillsoonberecoveredfromhisillnessthankstohisexerciseB.thewriterwillsoondiebecauseofhisdeadlydiseaseC.smokingwillbegotridofinallHollywoodfilmsD.smokinginHollywoodfilmsisstilldoinggreatharmtohumanbeings答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。由第四段第二句话“Iamalivebutdisabled．”可知，作者虽然活着但是残疾了，故A、B选项错误。由最后一段最后一句话“Idon’twishmyfateuponanyoneinHollywood,butIbegthatHollywoodshouldstopputtingituponmillionsofothers．”可知，作者不希望自己的命运降临到好莱坞的任何人身上，但是乞求好莱坞应该阻止吸烟导致的危害降临到成千上万人的身上，可以推断，好莱坞电影上出现的吸烟场景仍然在对人们造成伤害，故C选项错误，D选项正确。BPeoplewhoenjoyadream-filledsleeparebetteratrecallinginformationandmakinglinksbetweenfactswhenwaking.Butrechargingwithashallow(小睡)offersnosuchmentalimprovement,theresearchsuggests.TheresultsofthestudyaddedtothegrowingbodyofevidencethatRapidEyeMovement(REM)sleepisveryimportanttothebrain’sabilitytoformstrongmemories.Anaveragenight'srestincludesfourorfivespellsofREMsleep,buttheseburststendtobelengthiertowardstheendofthenight.Thismeansadultsgettinglessthantherecommendedseventoeighthoursanight--andthereforeinadequate5\nREMsleep--maybedamagingtheirmind'sabilitytomemorize:AlthoughREMsleepisnotclassifiedasatypeofdeepsleep,itisonlyreachedafterthebrainhaspassedthroughdeepsleepstages.Intherecentstudy,participantswereshowngroupsofthreewords---suchas“cookie”,“heart”,and“sixteen”----andaskedtofindanotherwordthatcanbeassociatedwithallthreewords.Theyweretestedonceinthemorningandthengiventhesametaskagainintheafternoon.Inbetween,somewereallowedanapwithREMsleep,someanapwithoutREMsleep,whiletheothershadaquietrestperiod.Thequietrestandnon-REMsleepgroupsdidn'timprove,buttheREMsleepgroupimprovedontheirmorningperformancebyanaverageofalmost40percent.DrSaraMednick,asleepresearcherattheUniversityofCaliforniawholedthestudy,believestheformationofconnectionsbetweenpreviouslyunassociatedinformationinthebrainoccursduringREMsleep.Peoplewokenwhiletheirclosedeyesmaderapidmovementsrecalledmuchmorecolorfulanddetaileddreamsthanpeoplewokenduringotherstagesofsleep.1.Accordingtothepassage,tohaveagoodmemory,apersonhadbetter_______atnight.A.sleepfourtofivehoursatmostB.sleepasmuchaspossibleC.sleepwithfourorfiveperiodsofREMD.haveashallowsleep答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第二段“Anaveragenight'srestincludesfourorfivespellsofREMsleep…Thismeansadultsgettinglessthantherecommendedseventoeighthoursanight--andthereforeinadequateREMsleep--maybedamagingtheirmind'sabilitytomemorize:”可知，REM睡眠包括四个或者五个阶段，如果成年人睡眠少于七到八个小时，会伤害大脑的记忆力，故答案为C。2.Ifyoudon’tsleepseventoeighthoursatnightveryoften,_______.A.youwilltendtohavelongerperiodsofREMB.yourstrongmemoriesmightberuinedC.youwillhaveanadequateREMsleepD.yourmindcanformstrongmemories5\n答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。结合上题的分析可知，如果睡眠少于七到八个小时，记忆力会受到伤害。故答案为B。3.Thethirdparagraghismainlyabout_______ofthemostrecentstudy.A.theprocessB.theresultsC.theparticipantsD.thecontent答案解析：答案为A。通读第三段可知，本段是关于研究的过程。故答案为A。4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.ToexplaintheimortanceofREMsleeptoone’smemoriesB.Topersuadereaderstosleepseventoeighthoursatnight.C.TodiscusstherelationshipbetweensleepandmemoriesD.Tointroducethenewstudyonsleepandmemories答案解析：答案为D。本题考查作者的写作目的。本文第一段引入了REM睡眠对人的记忆力的影响，第二段对其进行了具体介绍，第三段介绍了研究的过程，最后一段对REM睡眠作出了进一步的解释，故答案为D，介绍一项睡眠和记忆的新研究。5