2023高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧08观点态度推理与确定含解析202303052153

典型技巧08观点态度推理与确定【考情角度】考情分析这类试题常出现在环境保护类说明文中，此类文章往往是现象类说明文，这样的说明文主题句常位于首段首句。在阅读文章时应先确定说明文的顺序和方法，再浏览题干，结合题干要求在文中寻找答题线索，确定答案。考查角度常考查主旨大意题、观点态度题或写作意图题。【真题再现】(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D)　主题语境：环境保护Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourtechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehassincetheearly1990s.Deviceswerebygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andboxsetTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsandereadersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Thelivingroomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethanduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreondemandentertainment\nviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1.Whatdoestheauthor？A.Theyareenvironmentfriendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.2.Whydid？A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.TheboxsetTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.答案与解析：1.A　2.D　3.B　4.A1.第一段最后一句提出旧设备比新设备更消耗能力，由此可知正确选项。2.第二段第一句就点出了该团队的研究目的。3.根据文章主旨(新设备消耗能源少)，结合尾段最后一句可知正确答案。4.根据主旨“新电子设备比旧电子设备环保”，结合最后一段的解决方案，即可得出答案。【技巧释义】分析措辞确定观点态度►速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象as引导的从句是主题句，说明旧设备要比新设备更消耗能量。(可解第1题)►速读全文查找说明顺序和方法本文以提出现象→分析现象→提出解决办法的顺序呈现。①第2段说明研究人员的研究目的和对电子产品的时代分类(可解第2题)②第3段说明研究人员对新旧电子产品耗能和温室气体排放的分析(可解第3题)►提出解决方法研究人员对利用新设备耗能的探索结果(可解第4题)►微技能　观点态度题定位相关表感情色彩的词语和句子，推断作者观点和态度\n【词汇积累】evolvevi.&vt.逐步形成；逐渐演变householdn.家庭consumptionn.消耗；消费outdatedadj.过时的groupvt.将……分类plantvt.稳固地放置monitorn.显示器，监测仪trackvt.追踪；记录doublevi.加倍【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）1ModesteTraorehaslivedhiswholelifenearLakeWegnia,intheSahelareaofMali.Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.Butastemperaturesrise,evaporationincreases,makingthebodyofwatershrinks.StudieshavelinkedrisingtemperaturesonEarth’ssurfacetoclimatechange.Thelakeisshrinking,soarethechancesofhischildrenbecomingfishermen.“Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,”the56-year-oldTraoresaid.“Duringtherainyseason,thereisalotofwaterbutassoonasit’sover,thereisnowaterleftinthelake.Wearefishermen.Idon’tthinkourchildrenwillbe,”hesaid.LakeWegniaisintheSahelregionofKoulikoro,around120kilometersnorthofMali’scapital,Bamako.Some12,000people,includingfishermenandfarmers,dependonitforfood,waterandemployment.Butthelakehasshrunkby20percentsince2017.TheUNexpectstemperaturestheretoincrease1.5timeshigherthantheaverageincreaseworldwide.UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfall\ncancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.AidgroupisleadingtheEco-LacWegniaproject.Thegroupisworkingtoimprovewatermanagementandfighttheeffectsofglobalwarming.MoussaSavagodoisEco-LacWegnia’slocalrepresentative.Hesaysthatfailingtomakechangesquicklycanmeanthelakewilldisappearcompletelyinlessthan5years.PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.Andtheyarebettercontrollingtheirwaterbybuildingstonebarrierstohelpthesoilkeeptherainthatdoesfall.Theprogressandinternationalofficialsupportarenotenoughforthem,however.Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.1.HowdidTraoreworktosupporthisfamilyinthepast?A.Byfishing.B.Byraisingfarmanimals.C.Bytakingchargeofthelake.D.Byworkingasanenvironmentalist.2.WhateffectwillthecurrenttrendofthelakehaveaccordingtoTraore?A.Alotoffarmlandwillform.B.Therainyseasonwillendearly.C.Manyfishermenwillfleetheirhomes.D.Thelatergenerationwillchangetheircareers.3.WhichstatementdotheUNandAidgroupagreewith?A.Droughtandfloodwilldirectlycauseconflict.B.Reducingpopulationisawaytoprotectthelake.C.Watermanagementmakesnodifferencetothelake.D.Theriseintemperaturewillcausewaterresourceproblems.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thelocalofficials.B.TheAidgroupmembers.C.Thevillagers.D.Therepresentatives.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.C【分析】\n本文是说明文。马里不断缩小的湖泊意味着渔民家庭的末日。随着气温升高和蒸发的增加，水体萎缩导致湖泊逐渐缩小，渔民的孩子成为渔民的机会也在减少。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.”（湖中的鱼为他提供了赚钱养家的途径。然而，由于他捕不到足够的鱼来养活家人，他现在饲养农场动物。）可知，在过去，Traore靠捕鱼养家。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,’he56-year-oldTraoresaid.”（“如果这样下去，我想我们的孩子可能成为不了我们这样的渔民了。他们将不得不选择其他工作，”56岁的特拉奥雷说。）可知，下一代人将会选择其他的职业。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第四段“UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.”（联合国官员指出，洪水和严重缺雨会给萨赫勒地区带来问题：粮食不安全、农田争夺和人口快速增长都可能导致冲突。）可知，可知温度上升会导致水资源的问题。故选D。4.词句猜测题。根据上文“PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.”（在Wegnia和Kononi-Sirakoro农村地区的人们在过去两年里种植了56000棵树。）以及下文“Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.”（越来越多的人转向其他农业。）可知这里指的是这些村民通过建造石头屏障来使土壤保持雨水，从而更好地控制水分。所以they指的是村民。故选C。2Boredomissomethingtoexperience.Ifkidsdon'tfigurethisoutearlyon,they'reinforanunpleasantsurprise.School,let'sfaceit,canbedullanditisn'tactuallytheteacher'sjobtoentertainaswellaseducate.-Inamuch-readstory,TheRelentlessnessofModemParenting,ClaireCainMillerreferredtoarecentstudythatfoundregardlessofclass,incomeorrace,parentsbelievedthat"childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked."\nParentspreparingforalongcarridearelikearmyofficersplanningacomplexlandmaneuver（(演习)）withthehelpofgamesandmoviesplayedoniPadandsmartphones.Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!Theyletthembreatheingasfumes.Andsinceitwasn'tactuallyforwearing,playwiththebrokensafetybelt.Ifyoucomplainedaboutbeingboredbackthen,youwerereallyaskingforit."Cleanyourroom,"youmightget.Wasthisfun?No.Wasithelpful?Yes.Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.Whilecheckingoutfoodatthesupermarket,Iinventedstoriesaboutpeople'spurchases.Themanbuyingeggplantandasix-packofbeerat9p.m.:Whichwasthemust-getthingandwhichtheimpulsepurchase?Howdidmyformerfifth-gradeteacherfeelaboutmyobservingherweeklypurchaseofcookies?Theabilitytohandleboredom,notsurprisingly,isassociatedwiththeabilitytofocus.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewithattentiondisordersareparticularlypoorinhandlingboredom.It'sespeciallyimportantthatkidsgetboredandbeallowedtostayboredwhentheybeyoung.Itshouldn'tbeconsidered"aproblem"tobeavoidedorremovedbythehigher-ups,butinsteadsomethingkidshandleontheirown.We'vestoppedtrainingchildrentodothis.Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealisticfuture.5.WhatisthefindingofthestudymentionedbyClaireCainMiller?A.Schoolkidsfindithardtostandboredom.B.Peoplearetoobusytodrawwiththeirkids.C.Extracurricularactivitiesaregainingpopularity.D.Parentsaretryingtheirbesttomaketheirkidshavefun.6.Whatdidparentsinthe1970susuallydowhenkidswereboredonalongcarride?A.Theyplayedwiththem.B.Theyleftthemalone.\nC.Theytoldthemaboutfamousmovies.D.Theyaskedthemtopayattentiontosafety.7.Whydoestheauthorshareherexperienceatthesupermarket?A.Toshowcustomers'purchasinghabits.B.Toshowwhatadifficultlifeshewasliving.C.Toshowboredomandjobsgohandinhand.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenboredomandcreativity.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.KidshaveenoughfunB.LifeisaboringjourneyC.LetkidsgetboredagainD.Turnboredomintoentertainment【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述实验和自身经历说明需要教会孩子们忍受无聊。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked”（放学后感到无聊的孩子应该参加课外活动，而忙碌的家长如果被要求，应该停下手中的工作，和孩子一起画画）可知，ClaireCainMiller提及的研究发现父母尽他们最大的努力让他们的孩子有乐趣。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句第三句“Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!”（上世纪70年代，当孩子们无聊时，父母们会做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世纪70年代父母在孩子们无聊时不会管他们。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句第二句“Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.”（因为当你无聊的时候，事情就会发生。我所做过的一些最无聊的工作却也是最有创造力的。）可知，作者分享自己在超市的经历的目的是展示无聊和创造力之间的联系。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后两句“Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealistic\nfuture.”（老师们花更多的时间发明方法来“吸引”学生，而不是教他们去理解那些枯燥无味的材料。但毫无疑问，教会孩子们忍受无聊会让他们为更现实的未来做好准备。）可知，本文的主要意图是提倡教会孩子们忍受无聊。所以短文的最佳标题为“许孩子们感到无聊”。故选C。3U.S.cherries,watermelonsandsomeothersummertimefavoritesmaydependonwildbeesmorethanpreviouslythought.ManyfarmsintheUnitedStatesusemanagedhoneybeestopollinate(授粉)cropsandincreasethetotalamountofcrops,sometimestruckingbeehives(蜂箱)fromfarmtofarm.NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.“Tome,thebigsurprisewasthatwefoundsomanywildbeeseveninintenseproductionareaswheremuchoftheproduceintheUSAisgrown,saysRachaelWinfree,apollinationecologistatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick,N.J.Thatmeansthreatstowildbeescoulddepleteprofitsevenwhenfarmsraisehoneybees,theresearchersreportedonJuly29inProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(杀虫剂).Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.Ontheotherhand,theresearchersalsocalculatedtowhatextentthenumberofbeevisitslimitedproduction.Theseintensivefarmswithplentyoffertilizer,waterandotherresourcesoftenshowedsignsofreachingapollinatorlimit,meaningfieldsdidn’thaveenoughhoneybeestogetthemaximumproduction,andvolunteerwildbeeswereaddingtothetotal.Thentheteamestimatedwhatpercentageoftheproductionnativebeeswereadding—versusjustdoingwhathoneybeeswouldhavedoneanyway.“Wildbeesdon’tseemtohelpCalifornia’sorchards(果园)，butbasedonorchardsinMichiganandPennsylvania,some$1.06billionofapplesdependson\nnativepollinators,”theresearcherssay.Watermelons,particularlyinFlorida,getanestimated$146millionbenefit,andsweetcherries$145million.9.Whyarethewildbeesimportanttothecropsaccordingtothetext?A.Ithelpstopollinateandimprovethecropsoutput.B.Itishelpfultoraisemanagedhoneybees.C.Itishelpfultomaintainhealthyecosystem.D.Ithelpstoprotectnativebeespecies.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4mean?A.Pursue.B.Make.C.Keep.D.Reduce.11.Whydidresearcherscheckbeevisitstoflowers?A.Toworkoutthenumberofwildnativebees.B.Tomakeitclearwhyfieldsdon’thaveenoughbees.C.Toshowhowimportantthemanagedbeesaretointensivefarms.D.Tofigureoutwhatwildnativebeesbenefitfarmoutput.12.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Todrawpeople’sattentiontofarmoutput.B.Todiscusswhybeescanincreasetheharvest.C.Toshowwildbeesmaycontributetothecropharvest.D.Tointroducehowhoneybeesandwildbeespollinatecrops.【答案】9.A10.D11.D12.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献。9.细节理解题。根据第二段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（现在，一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元。）”可知，野蜂对农作物很重要，因为它有助于授粉和提高作物产量。故选A项。\n10.词句猜测题。第二段说一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元，再根据画线词后的“Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(杀虫剂).”可知，非美国本土的蜜蜂和大黄蜂等野生授粉者都面临着包括杀虫剂在内的危险，由讲述非美国本土的蜜蜂和野生传粉者面临杀虫剂在内的危险，这种威胁自然会减少利润，由此可知画线词词义为为“减少，消耗”。故选D项。11.细节理解题。根据第五段中“Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.（为了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有贡献，研究人员在美国和加拿大部分地区的131个商业农场中检查了蜜蜂到访花卉的情况。）”可知，研究人员要检查蜜蜂到访花丛的情况，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂对农场产出有什么好处。故选D项。12.推理判断题。根据第二段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（现在，一项对北美7种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收获至少增加了15亿美元。）可知，文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能对农作物收成有贡献。故选C项。4Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteronfivebasictraits(特性)—theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness(责任心),neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.Contrarytocommonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.Everytraitisacontinuousdimensionandeveryonecanbedescribedashavingvaryinglevelsofeachtrait.AnewresearchhasalsofoundanimalsfromantstoapesallhavetheBigFiveandthattheuniversalityofpersonalitypointstoanevolutionary(进化)origin.Animalsandhumanshavecommonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledout\nbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat’swhythere’ssomuchcontinuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.Forexample,conscientiousnessinvolvesbehaviorslikeplanningandconsideration,whichareimportantamonganimalsfortakingcareoftheiryoung,selectingmatesandlivingingroups.Beingneatandorderly—aspectsofconscientiousness-alsohasevolutionarysuperiority.Beesthatliketokeepcleanandremovemoredeadgroupmembersreduceriskofdisease,gainmoreweightandreproducemoreSpidersthatmaketidywebscatchmoreinsects.Birdsthatbuildneaterandsolidernestsattractmoremates.Thesebehaviorsmayseemprimitive,butthey’reneverthelessindicationsofpersonality.Personalityistheexpressionofallofthebehaviorsthathumansandanimalsexhibitthatallowthemtofunctionadaptivelyintheworld.Evolutioncanalsoexplainwhypersonalitiesvarysomuch.Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you’dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.Becausetheworldissounpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat’sbestforeverysituation,we’releftwithawidevariety.13.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?A.Differentpersonalitytypeshaverespectivestrengths.B.Everyonefallsintoaparticularpersonalitytype.C.Peoplewithcommonpersonalitytypesgather,D.Everyonehasmixedpersonalitytypes.14.What’sthepurposeofmentioningsomeanimalsinParagraph2?A.Toillustratetheadvantagesofbeingconscientious.B.Toanalyzesurvivalchancesofcooperativeanimals.C.Toexplainwhytheyaretidyandorderly.D.Tothrownewlightontheirbehavior.15.Whydowedisplayacertainpersonalityinaspecificsituation?A.Tobefreeoftrouble.\nB.Tobeadaptivetocircumstances.C.Tocompeteforequalrights.D.Togainadvantagesoverothers.16.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.Personalityandbehavior.B.CategoriesofBigFive.C.Contradictoryfactsonpersonality.D.Diversityandvariabilityofpersonality.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.D【分析】本文是说明文。在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性。研究还发现，从蚂蚁到猿类，所有动物都有大五人格，这种个性的普遍性指向了一个进化起源。每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性。13.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Contrarytocommonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.(与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B。14.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Animalsandhumanshavecommonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledoutbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat’swhythere’ssomuchcontinuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.(动物和人类都有共同的生存问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人格具有如此多的连续性)及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它们的行为进行新的解释。故选A。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you’dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.(视情况而定，大五类人格中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性)可推知，我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定的环境。故选B。\n16.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteronfivebasictraits(特性)—theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness(责任心),neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.(在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性)及最后一段中的Becausetheworldissounpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat’sbestforeverysituation,we’releftwithawidevariety.(因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性)可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。故选D。