2023高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧09语篇来源的信息确定含解析202303052154

典型技巧09语篇来源的信息确定【考情角度】考情分析科技发展类说明文一般在首段给出说明对象，然后从几个方面进行客观说明，行文结构简单，浏览全文后，解题时应带着题干关键词跳读原文比对得出答案。考查角度常见设题：文章出处题，细节理解题，细节推断题等。【真题再现】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C)　主题语境：科学与技术Asdataandidentitybecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprint—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalowcostdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardmeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andby，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettytoandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plasticlikeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofespaceprotection.2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?\nA.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It'llbeenvironmentfriendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.答案　1.D　2.C　3.B　4.D【技巧释义】依据文章主要内容和关键信息判断出处1.读首段抓说明对象提出现状，说明生物测量技术造价高昂。2.引入新科技产品第二段第一处波浪线处，特殊符号说明解决问题的设备：智能键盘(可解第1题)第二段第二处波浪线以及第三段波浪线处，说明智能键盘发展的可能性(可解第2题)第四段波浪线处，关键信息makeittomarket说明产品前景(可解第3题)3.微技能——双向线索定“出处”：①介绍产品性能→广告；介绍某人生平事迹→传记②浅显的科学知识→教材或杂志③新型交通工具→报纸科技板块④名胜或景点→旅游杂志：①含网址或click等网络词汇：网站②含experiment,research等→科学报告③含admission,routes等→旅行指南④含food,health等词→健康杂志/报纸健康版块4.结合文章内容及关键信息technologies,Researchers,device可知，文章介绍的是一款新的科技产品，属于科技类说明文，再结合选项可推断出第4小题的答案。【词汇积累】scann.扫描；vt.扫描；浏览\nstraightforwardadj.简单的theftn.盗窃；偷窃preciselyadv.精准地；准确地extensionn.扩建；延期commercializevt.使商业化byextension自然地；当然地speedup加速【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）BuytheGNNpaperbackbookdirectlyfromGoodNewsNetworkifyou’reintheU.S.A.—andyouwillsave$2.00comparedtotheAmazonpriceduringourHolidaySale—plusgetFREEshipping!Here’sagreatgiftforallthenewsjunkies(上瘾的人)inyourlife:Ourbook...AndNow,TheGoodNews,shinesaspotlightontheextraordinaryandeverydayheroesandsolutionstomakeyoufeeloptimisticandhopefulaboutourworld—andmakesaGREATgift!Insteadofcomplainingaboutthenews,TRYthisbooktogetadoseofGOODNews(forachange)...*Asmallpaperbackwith28stories,greatforreadingonanairplaneordailycommute.*Perfectforofficewaitingrooms,orthank-yougifts.Thiscollectionofunique,inspiringstoriescelebrates20yearsofGoodNewsNetwork—thewebsitethatfeaturesall-positivenewsfromaroundtheworldatGNN.org.Createdin1997byformerWashington,DCtelevisionnewseditorGeriWeis-Corley,theseareamongherfavoriteGNNstoriesfromtwodecades.FORUSARESIDENTSONLY!!ShippingdirectlyfromGoodNewsNetwork,here.LiveOutsidetheU.S.orWantAmazonPrime?YoucanpurchasenowonAmazon.comPrime—whichrequires1-2daystoprint,andthenadditionaltoship.IfyouareoutsidetheU.S.,orderherefromAmazon:UnitedKingdom—Canada—Germany—Spain—Italy—Australia1.Whyisthebookconsideredagreatgiftforallthe“newsjunkies”?\nA.ItcanbeboughtdirectlyfromGoodNewsNetwork.B.Buyerscansave$2.00comparedtotheAmazonprice.C.Itcanhelpreadersfindthepowerofpositivethinking.D.BuyersoutsidetheUSAcanalsogetfreeshipping.2.WhydidGeriWeis-Corleycollecttheseinspiringstories?A.Shelikesreadingbooksonanairplane.B.Sheoftensendsthank-yougiftstofriends.C.Shehopestogaininternationalpopularity.D.Shewantstocelebrate20yearsofGoodNewsNetwork.3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abrochure.B.Awebsite.C.Newspaper.D.Amagazine.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【分析】本文是应用文。介绍了GoodNewsNetwork网站为读者推荐的一本廉价平装书。1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ourbook...AndNow,TheGoodNews,shinesaspotlightontheextraordinaryandeverydayheroesandsolutionstomakeyoufeeloptimisticandhopefulaboutourworld—andmakesaGREATgift!”可知，《好消息》这本书会让读者对生活感到乐观和充满希望。即它能帮助读者发现积极思考的力量，因此这本书对于所有“新闻迷”来说是个好礼物。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第六段“Thiscollectionofunique,inspiringstoriescelebrates20yearsofGoodNewsNetwork—thewebsitethatfeaturesall-positivenewsfromaroundtheworldatGNN.org.”可知，GeriWeisCorley创办的网站发布了来自世界各地的所有积极消息。这些独特而鼓舞人心的故事是为了庆祝GoodNewsNetwork网站创办20年。因此GeriWeis-Corley收集这些鼓舞人心的故事是想庆祝网站成立20年。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“YoucanpurchasenowonAmazon.comPrime—whichrequires1-2daystoprint,andthenadditionaltoship.IfyouareoutsidetheU.S.,orderherefromAmazon:UnitedKingdom—Canada—Germany—Spain—Italy—Australia（现在可以在Amazon.comPrime上购买——需要1-2天印刷，然后发货。如果您不在美国，请从亚马逊订购：United\nKingdom—Canada—Germany—Spain—Italy—Australia）可知，本文最可能来自网络。故选B。2Whatdoyouusuallydotocomfortyourfriendswhentheyarefeelingsadordepressed?Youprobablypatthemonthebackorshoulder,ormaybeyougivethemabig,warmhug.Weusedtothinkthatknowingwhenandhowtocomfortotherswasanabilitythatonlyhumanshave.Butscientistshavediscoveredthatapes（猩猩）havethisability,too.TworesearchersfromEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,US,wenttoanApeProtectionCentreinCongotostudybonobos（倭黑猩猩）,whicharecloselyrelatedtohumans.Theresearchersanalyzedthebonobos'reactionsaftermorethan370casesofstressfulsituations,suchasfightsandlosingtemper,andfoundthatsomebonobosrushedtohugthosethatwerescreamingafterbeingattacked,justlikehumanswouldhavedone.However,researcherssaidthatnotallbonoboswereabletocomfortothers.Intheprotectioncentre,manybonobosareorphans（孤儿）whosemotherswerekilledbyhunters.Theywerefoundtobemoreanxiousintimesoftensionandhavegreaterdifficultycontrollingtheirownemotions,maltingthemworseatreachingouttohelpfriendsinneed."Orphans,whohavenothadthebenefitofamotherhelpingthemhandlingtheiremotions,aremuchworsealcomfortingothers,”ProfessorFransdeWaal,oneoftheresearchers,toldTheTelegraph."Bonoboswithmomswereabletocurbtheirnegativeemotionalreactionsmorequickly.Therefore,theypaymoreattentiontoothers.”Thispatternmirrorsthewaythathumanchildrenhavebeenfoundtoreact.Thosewhoseemmorecapableofhandlingtheirownemotions—forexample,theoneswhocancalmthemselvesdownmorequicklyafterupsettingexperiences—areusuallybetteratexpressingtheirconcernsforothers.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Orphanbonobosnevergiveahandtofriends.\nB.Therewere370bonobosinvolvedintheresearch.C.Momsplayasignificantroleinhandlingkids'emotions.D.Theabilitytocomfortothersisuniquetohumanbeings.5.Theunderlinedword“curb"inthe5thparagraphprobablymeansA.expressB.observeC.hideD.control6.Whereareyoumostlikelytofindthepassage?A.AsciencejournalB.AtravelleafletC.AliteraturereviewD.Asciencefiction7.What'sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.TouncoverthemysteryofApes.B.Toinformreadersofanewstudy.C.ToprovidebetterprotectionforApes.D.TocomparehumanbehaviorswithApes.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项对于倭黑猩猩的研究成果表明：母亲在处理孩子的情绪方面扮演着重要的角色。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Bonoboswithmomswereabletocurbtheirnegativeemotionalreactionsmorequickly.”（有妈妈的倭黑猩猩能够更快地抑制自己的负面情绪反应。）及“Thispatternmirrorsthewaythathumanchildrenhavebeenfoundtoreact.”（这种模式反映了人类儿童的反应方式。）可知，母亲在处理孩子的情绪方面扮演着重要的角色。故选C项。2.词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore,theypaymoreattentiontoothers.”（因此，它们会更加关注别人。）及划线句推测，有妈妈的倭黑猩猩能够更快地抑制自己的负面情绪反应，即，控制自己的负面情绪，因此才能更关注别人。“curb"意思是控制。故选D项。3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butscientistshavediscoveredthatapeshavethisability,too.TworesearchersfromEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,US,wenttoanApeProtectionCentreinCongotostudybonobos,whicharecloselyrelatedto\nhumans.”（但是科学家们发现猿类也有这种能力。来自美国亚特兰大埃默里大学的两名研究人员前往刚果猿保护中心对与人类关系密切的倭黑猩猩进行研究。）及全文内容推测，本文为一篇科普说明文，因此，最可能在一本科学杂志上找到本文。故选A项。4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TworesearchersfromEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,US,wenttoanApeProtectionCentreinCongotostudybonobos,whicharecloselyrelatedtohumans.”（来自美国亚特兰大埃默里大学的两名研究人员前往刚果猿保护中心对与人类关系密切的倭黑猩猩进行研究。）可知，文章旨在告知读者一个新的关于猿类行为的研究。故选B项。3Howdoyouaddress（称呼）peopleinEnglishwhenyouwanttotalktothem?Thefollowingmaybesomesimplerulesthebeginnersshouldfollow.*WhentalkingtostrangersthereisoftennospecialformsofaddressinEnglish.Usually,Ifyouwanttocatchtheattentionofạstrange,itisnecessarytousesuchaphrasesas"Excuseme".*InBritishEnglish"Sir"and"Madam"areconsideredtobetooformal（正式）formostsituations.Theyareusedmostlytocustomersinshopsorrestaurants.WhileinAmericanEnglish"Sir"and"Madam"arenotsoformalandarecommonlyusedbetweenstrangers,especiallywitholderpeoplewhosenamesyoudon'tknow.*Whenyou,talktosomepeopleyouknow,youcanusetheirnames.Ifyouarefriends,usetheirfirstnames;ifyourrelationshipismoreformal,use"Mr.""Mrs.""Ms.",ect,beforetheirfamilynames.*Therearemanyotherformsofaddresswhichcanbeusedbetweenfriendsandstrangers.However,manyofthesearelimitedinuse.Forexample,"pal"and"mate"canbeusedbetweenstrangers,butareusuallyonlyusedbymentalkingtoothermen.8.Accordingtothepassage,"Excuseme"ismainlyusedto_______A.catchtheattentionofastranger.B.apologizetoothersC.addressapersonyoudon'tknowD.suggestgoodmanners9.IfJohnSmithisyourbestfriend,accordingtothepassageyoushouldoftencallhim_______.\nA.Mr.JohnB.SmithC.JohnD.Mr.Smith10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A."Sir"and"Madam"areusedmoreofteninAmericathaninEngland.B.Whileaddressingfriend,peoplejustusetheirfirstnames.C."Pal"and"mate"areusuallyonlyusebetweenmen.D.Peopleoftenuse"Mr.""Mrs."or"Ms."Beforethefirstnamesofthosepeoplewhotheydon'tknowverywell.11.ThepassageismainlylikelytakenfromanEnglish_______.A.cardB.textbookC.storybookD.grammarbook.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何使用英语来称呼别人的一些规则。8.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Usually,Ifyouwanttocatchtheattentionofạstrange,itisnecessarytousesuchaphrasesas"Excuseme".(通常，如果你想引起一个陌生人的注意，使用这样的短语是必要的，如“打扰了”。)”可知如果你想引起他人注意，你可以使用“Excuseme”。故A正确。9.细节理解题。根据第四段“Ifyouarefriends,usetheirfirstnames(如果你们是朋友，直接称呼他们的名字)可知JohnSmith是你的好朋友，你直接称呼John就可以了。故C正确。10.细节理解题。根据第四段的“ifyourrelationshipismoreformal,use“Mr.”,“Mrs.”“Ms.”,etc,beforetheirfamilynames(如果你的关系更正式，在他们的姓氏之前使用“先生”、“夫人”、“女士”等)”可知如果不太熟悉的人，要在姓前使用“Mr.”,“Mrs.”“Ms.”，而是不名前，因此D项不正确。故D正确。11.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Howdoyouaddress（称呼）peopleinEnglishwhenyouwanttotalktothem?Thefollowingmaybesomesimplerulesthebeginnersshouldfollow.”可知，文章介绍了如何使用英语来称呼别人的一些规则。根据常识可知，card,storybook,grammarbook一般不会有这样的文章，只有教科书中才可能有这样的文章，故B正确。4Slowlybutsurely,we’removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-home\nsecurity(安全)toself-drivingcars,alltheinternet-connecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeeds.Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheUStopoutatanaverageof10.42Mbps.Butbycomparison,5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.“5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence(人工智能)，ofthiscomingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.Theself-drivingvehicle(车辆)isagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavealargenumberofdatacomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensors(传感器)arecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It’spullingindatafromothervehiclesaboutroadconditionsdownthelane(车道).Itcouldbeweatherinformation,butalsoconnectedinfrastructure(基础设施)construction.Thereislotsofdatabehindthattask,whichiswhyweneedhighspeeds.Augmentedrealityglassesandvirtualheadsethaven’tyetbrokenthemainstream,buttechcompaniesarejoyfullybetting(打赌)thatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones.With5G,thatcouldactuallyhappen.Thisisnotable(显著的)becausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist--orperhapsevenreplace--smartphones.EricssonstatedatFebruary'sMobileWorldCongresshowsmartglassescouldbecomefasterandlighterwitha5Gconnection,becauseinsteadofbeingweigheddownwithcomponents(部件),theglassescouldrelyonhardwareforprocessing(处理)power.Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstruction,so5Gisn’tconcentrated(集中)onlyinbigcities.12.WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph1?A.Thelightning-fastspeedsof5G.B.Theexpectationof5Gworld.C.Thedifferencebetween4Gand5G.\nD.Theinternet-connecteddevicesinourlife.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emblem”inParagraph2mean?A.Exhibition.B.Success.C.Symbol.D.Explanation.14.Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A.Howtofullyexpand5Gcoverage(覆盖范围).B.Smartglasseswillbecomefasterandlighter.C.Why5Gisn'tconcentratedinbigcities.D.Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction.15.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Asciencemagazine.C.Abusinessreport.D.Afilmdocumentary.【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代5G技术发展状况。即将来临的高速5G网络将会给人们的生活带来更多便利。如人工智能和无人驾驶。12.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Slowlybutsurely,we’removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-homesecurity(安全)toself-drivingcars,alltheinternet-connecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeeds.Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheUStopoutatanaverageof10.42Mbps.Butbycomparison,5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.”（慢慢地，我们离5G世界越来越近了。从智能家居安全到自动驾驶汽车，你生活中所有的互联网连接设备将能够以闪电般的速度相互通话。客观地说，美国最快的4G下载速度达到了平均10.42Mbps。但相比之下，5G承诺的是千兆比特的速度。）可知，作者在第一段要强调的是5G闪电般的速度。故选A项。13.词句猜测题。根据上文消费者技术协会市场研究高级主管SteveKoenig说的“5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence(人工智能)，ofthiscomingdataage,”（5G和人工智能一起，是即将到来的数据时代的标志之一。）可知，5G和人工智能一起，是即将到来的数据时代的标志之一。再根据后文“andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,…”（也就是说，它是时代的标志……）可知，划线单词所在句子“Theself-drivingvehicle(车辆)isagreatemblemofthisdataage,\n”的意思是“自动驾驶汽车是这个数据时代的一个标志”，所以推测emblem为“sign”的近义词，选项C.Symbol意为“象征；标志”与之接近。故选C项。14.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstruction,so5Gisn’tconcentrated(集中)onlyinbigcities.”（但是不要太激动。与此同时，还有很多工作要做，包括各种各样的测试，以确保无线电在硬件和基础设施建设方面表现良好，因此5G不仅仅集中在大城市。）可知，还有很多工作要做，5G不仅仅集中在大城市。由此推知，作者下面要介绍的是如何全面扩大5G覆盖范围。故选A项。15.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了5G技术发展状况，这是现代科学技术。由此推知，此文很有可能来源于“一本科学杂志”。故选B项。