2023年英语中考复习 阅读理解技巧

阅读理解阅读理解题考查方式:1.细节理解题2.词义猜测题3.推理判断题4.主旨大意题一、细节理解题细节理解题要求对文章中特定细节或具体事实进行判断和认定常见提问方式：Accordingtothepassage,when(what、why、how、who....)Whichofthefollowingistrue....../false?Fromparagraph....what/when.......?解题方式:1.划——关键词。一般题划题干中的关键词，若题干中无关键词，划选项中的关键词（n.--v.--adj.--adv.）2.定——答题区间定与关键词相关区域3.找——选项正确选项特征——a.完全对应b.同意替换Exercise:请根据文段选出正确答案。1.Yearsago,manyzooskeptallkindsofanimalsinsmallcages.Smallcagesmadeiteasyforpeopletoseetheanimal,butasmallcageisnotagoodplaceforananimaltolivein.Zooskeptanimalsinsmallcagessothatpeoplecan________A.protectthemB.seethembetterC.feedthemD.savethem2.Whatdoyouthinkofyourteachers?Now,Americanstudentscansaywhattheythinkonanewwebsite!Studentscanratetheirteachers.Sofar,theretherehavebeen5millionratingsfor365,000teachersat21,000schoolsintheUSandCanada.Wherecanthestudentsratetheirteachersaccordingtothepassage?A.OnawebsiteB.AtaclassmeetingC.IntheclassroomD.Outoftheschool1.Itismostdifficultforparentstodecidewhethertohaveasecondchildornot.ItisoftenheardthatasinglechildislikelytobealonelychildTherearenootherchildreninthefamilyforthechildtotalkorplaywith.Anonlychildisnotabletogetalongwellwithchildrenofhisage.Someparentsregrettedmakingthedecisiontohaveonlyonechild.Accordingtothepassage,whyisasinglechildlikelytobelonely?A.Becausehisparentsdon’tlovehim.B.Becausehedoesn’thaveholidays.C.Becausehedoesn’thaveabrotherorasistertotalkorplaywith.D.Becausethereareotherchildreninthefamily.2.Reducethepaperyouuse.Makeitahabittowriteonbothsidesofyournotebookpaper.AlsotrywritingyourwordssmallersoyoucanfitmoreonthepaperThemorewordsyoucanfitonbothsidesofyourpaper,thelesspaperyouwillneed.Don’twritetoosmall,becauseotherneedtobeabletoreadyourhandwriting.Inordertoreducethepaperweuse,whichistheadvicethatthewritergivesus?A.Throwthepaperintothebin.B.Writeononesideofyournotebook.C.Writeyourwordssmalleronthepaper.D.Recyclethewastepaper.3.Sometimesitishardforteenagerstotalktheirparentsbecausetheydon’tunderstandtheirparents.Buttheirarefourtipsthatmayhelp.Findatimetotalkwithyourparentswhentheyarenotdoingsomethingelse,likedishes,workingintheoffice,talkingonthephone,puttingotherkidsonthebed,etc.Ifnot,theirmindwillbeelsewhereandtheywilleithergetangryornotgiveyoutheirattention.Whenisthebesttimeforyoutotalktoyourparents?A.WhentheyarefreeB.Whentheyarecooking.C.WhentheyarewatchingTV.D.Whentheyaretalkingonthephone.二、词义猜测题阅读理解中不可避免会出现生词或熟词新义，要求根据上下文（语境）或构词法进行选择。常见提问方式Theunderlinedwordprobablymeans?inChineseThewordrefersto/probablymeans...翻译Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheword...Whatdoestheunderlinedword...mean指代解题方法：1.定义法：对文章中的生词用定语从句、同位语从句或破折号、引号的方式进行解释说明。常有thatis、thatistosay、inotherwords.....2.例举法：利用文章中的举例进行猜测，forexample、suchas......3.因果法:不同原因表示不同结果，从结果分析原因，利用因果关系推测。常见因果词有because、so、asaresult、sothat......4.构词法:阅读中可以利用合成、转化、派生等构词法知识来猜测词义，通过分析词缀和词根进行猜测。5.语境法:根据上下文语境暗示，运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义。6.相似法:利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。I.定义法1.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords‘herdsman’mean?A.商人B.工人C.牧人D.农民2.Heisresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans_______A.强壮的B.意志坚定地C.友好的D.聪明的II.例举法1.Cauliflower，likemanyotherkindsofvegetables,canbegrowninthispartofthecountry.‘Cauliflower’isclosestinmeaningto_________inEnglish.A.vegetableB.fruitC.gameD.plant2.Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devices”mean?A.设备B.规定C.常识D.建议III.因果法1.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.Whatdoestheunderlineword“trim”mean?A.cutB.putC.controlD.wash2.Shelovesreadingallkindsofbooks.Shedidn’thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.Theword“engrossed”refersto________.A.专注B.放弃C.厌恶D.漠视IV.构词法1.Hesaid“Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage,anditshouldbeacceptedbytheworld”,butIdisagreewithhim.What’sthemeaningof“disagree”?A.不赞成B.不欣赏C.不否认D.不阻止2.Wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace,foronlyinasafeenvironmentcanweenjoyahappylife.Whatisthemeaningof“safeguard”?A.protectB.careC.preventD.stop3.Carrentalsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroad.Whatisthemeaningof“inexpensive”?A.safeB.cheapC.usefulD.easyPractice：1.Kateisdishonestsothatnobodywantstomakefriendswithher.Theunderlinedword“dishonest”means_______inChinese.A.不善良的B.拘谨的C.满意的D.不诚实的2.ThecolorofHawaiiinsummerisunforgettable.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unforgettable”mean?A.淡忘的B.清晰的C.难忘的D.高兴的3.Lastnightshehadaterribletoothacheandaskedmetobuyhersomepainkiller.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“painkiller”mean?A.止痛药B.杀虫剂C.保健药D.饮品4.Informationisreceivedintoourbrainbyattention,anditsqualitydecideshowwellitwillbeprocessed,savedandusedafterwards.Theunderlinedword“it”refersto_______?A.informationB.brainC.attentionD.quality5.MyparentshavekeptlotsofpetssinceIwaslittle.Wehaveexperiencedmanythingstogether,goodandbad,happyandsad.Thesestorieshavealwaysstayedinmymind.Oneday,Iwillsharethemwithpeoplebydrawingandwritingbooks.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”referto_______?A.parentsB.petsC.storiesD.books1.Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.TheytakethechildrenhomeIfthepoliceseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightnow.Inthetext,“putanendto”means________A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly7.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborsallcalledheraneccentriclady.Theunderlinedword“eccentric”means__________A.善良的B.慷慨的C.古怪的D.有规律的8.HefeltsorryforMr.Bakerandwantedtoapologizetohisoldfriend.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apolize”meaninChinese?A.道歉B.挑战C.回答D.邀请三、推理判断题推理判断题考查推理能力，要求根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。常见提问方式:1、细节推理：Wecaninfer/conclude/learnfromthepassagethat.....Thepassage/author/paragraphimplies......2、态度推理：What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...a)positive、supportive、agree、optimistic.....b)negative、disagree、critical、doubtful.......c)objective、uncertain.......Howdidthewriterfeelabout....happy、sad、angry、lonely......3、出处推理：Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom......解题方法：（1）通过文章陈述的事实进行推断（2）根据文章所提供的背景，人的表情、动作和语言进行推断（3）根据意图和态度进行推断选项特征：正确选项：源于原文，高于原文错误选项：（1）原词干扰：选项是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论（2）无对应句：根据常识以为是正确的，而文章没有提及。（3）含义极端：常为干扰项的极端词：—only、most、never....1.Somesupermarketareencouragingcustomertoreusetheirplasticbags.Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackingwithquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butmanyotherproductsoftenhavefarmorepackingthannecessary.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealizejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialarecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.Whatcanbeinferredfromthisparagraph?A.Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.B.Supermarketscaremoreaboutpacking.C.Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.D.Otherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfood.2.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinvisible?Doyouthinkthiscanbetrue?Withrecenttalksofmakinginvisibilityareality,thisfunquestioncouldactuallybecomearealproblemforpeopleandtheirgovernmentstoconsider.“Isitsciencefiction?Well,it'stheoryandthatalreadyisnotsciencefiction,”saidProfessorJohnPendry."It'spossibleintheorytocreateaninvisibilitycloaksimilartotheonethatHarryPotterreceivedfromhisfather,butweshouldfacethechallenge,thatisourengineeringability.Thoughtheideasoundsgreat,itcouldbebadthingifitisusedinwars.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardinvisibility'sbecomingareality?A.Agree.B.Disagree.C.Alittleworried.D.Wedon'tknow.3.Youthinkacomputeristhebestthingintheworld,right?Youthinkitworksatasuperspeedandcandoeverything?Well,it'snot!Infact,thebrainismuchmorepowerfulthananysupercomputer!Thinkaboutwhenaglassisjustabouttofalloffthetable.Yourbraincontrolseverythingthatyouneedtodotosavethatglassfromfalling.Firstyoureyescheckoutwhat'sgoingonthentellyourbrain,andyourbraindecideshowquicklyyouneedtoreactandthenyourmusclesgointoaction.Thatisjustfromyourbrain.Nocomputercouldevercomeclosetothat!Inwhichmagazinecanthepassagemostprobablybefound?A.BusinessweeklyB.MedicineC.ScienceD.Sports四、主旨大意题从宏观上分析文章内容的核心，考查对文章主题和中心思想的领会和理解能力。分类：文体：说明文主旨题、议论文主旨题、记叙文主旨题提问方式：提问大意（mainidea/mainlytalkabout/topic）①文章主旨②段落主旨提问标题（besttitle）提问写作目的(purpose)选项特征：正确项：①围绕中心②无细节③观点态度与原文一致干扰项:①以偏概全②主题扩大③张冠李戴④无中生有说明文主旨题解题方法：识别文体：文章开头提到某特殊事物或现象，无作者态度。找主旨：1）关注首尾段或首尾句2）分析篇章结构3）找关键词——高频词或转折词解题关键：1）把握说明对象，重点关注说明对象的特征。2）注意语言的精准性，抓住关键句。3）根据每段的关键句，归纳文章主旨。关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句（所谓关键句即一些中心句）注意事项：对现象分析性说明文，要找出1）“现象”2）“造成这种现象的原因”3）“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”