中考英语任务型阅读理解技巧点拨

任务型阅读理解技巧点拨任务型阅读是阅读理解题的一种衍生题型，考生既要通过阅读对所给文章的细节和主旨理解清楚，也要用文字表达出对文章的理解，是一种由阅读理解向书面表达过渡的题型，因此它属于读写结合题。任务型阅读的题目设置多样化，有填图表、回答问题、完成总结、填空、翻译等，考查多种能力，但侧重考查的是语篇分析应用能力，即把从阅读中获得的信息应用在回答题目中。在实际解题中，可以采取“四读”的方法：读题目、读大意、读细节、读答案。一、读题目认真仔细阅读题目，区分答题重点是主旨大意还是细节信息，再根据题目要求有目的地进行下一步的文本阅读，对题目类型和特点的关注也将出现在第四步的读答案中。二、读大意主要运用快速阅读(skimming)的能力，扫视文章大意，了解文章的基本信息及文体类型，弄清楚是记叙文、议论文还是说明文以及作者的写作目的与态度等，为下一步完成任务作铺垫。三、读细节根据题目寻找关键词，如动词或名词，并以这些关键词为线索，到原文中去寻找相关的句子和原始信息。试题结构与文本顺序大体一致，理清文章结构会更便于搜索细节信息。四、读答案依据查询到的原文相关信息，仔细对照题目进行比对，落实目标答案，再检查答案的语法形式是否准确，如时态、单复数、冠词等，确保答案准确。典型例题解析（2022江苏南京）MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.Herson,AveryClayton,thoughthercollectionwasimportant.Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.TheywerewrittenbywriterswhohelpedshapeAfricanAmericanculture.OnebookinthecollectionwaswrittenbyPhillisWheatley.Wheatleywasaslavewhowrotepoetry.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericantopublish(出版)abook.Wheatleyherselfsigned(签名)thebookintheClaytons’collection.NooneelseownsacopysignedbyPhillisWheatley.Bythetimeshepassedawayatage83,MrsClaytonhadmorethan30,000booksbyoraboutblackpeople.Hercollectionalsoincludespapersaboutslaves,photographs,movies,sheetmusic,andpersonallettersbyblackleadersandartists.ItisoneofthebiggestpersonalcollectionsofAfricanAmericanhistoryandcultureintheUnitedStates.AveryClayton’sdreamwastocreateamuseumforhismother’streasures.ScholarssaythatMrsClayton’scollectionisveryimportant.Withoutherwork,partofAfricanAmericanheritage(遗产)wouldhavebeenlost.“Wedidn’tknowthesethingsexisted,”saysSaraHadronofCalifornia’sHuntingtonLibrary.Thecollection’snewhomeislikelytobeinCulverCity,California.PartofAveryClayton’sdreamistosharetheculturalricheshismothercollectedwithothers.Heespeciallywantskidstohaveachancetoseethecollection.“AtpresentAfricanAmericancultureisbeingexplainedbypopculture,”hesays.7\n“It’simportanttoofferamorecompletepicture.”根据所读内容，在每个横线上填入一个最恰当的单词。MaymeClaytonandHerCollectionA.Personalinformation·Sheliked1._________________books,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.·She2._________________whenshewas83yearsold.B.Hercollection·Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn’tbefound3.______________.·Theonlycopywrittenand4.__________byPhillisWheatleywasinhercollection.·Shehadalargecollection,5.__________books,paper,photographsandotherthingsbyblackleadersandartists.·Hercollectionisofgreat6.___________toAfricanAmericanhistoryandculture.C.Her7._______dream·A8.___________forthetreasurewouldbecreated.·Hehopesto9.___________theculturalrichescollectedbyhismotherwithmorepeople,especially10._____________.【解题指导】表格类型题目的明显特点是表格内容一般都能展示出文章的架构，所以做此类题时，对文章的结构要有清醒的认识，同时也可以从表格的结构来理解文章的结构。答题技巧大致分为两类：一类为从原文直接找到原句，如第1题可在原文中找到类似句：“MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.”可知本空填collect，但是在表示喜好的句子Sheliked____中动词应使用doing或todo的形式，对于长期的喜好应该使用doing，因此本空应填collecting。第二类为题目是对原文中信息的转述或语言再现：如第3题Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn’tbefound3._____.是对文中句子“Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.”的另一种说法，rareandhard就是noteasy的意思，再根据句子表达需要使用副词，所以本空填easily。典型例题解析（2022江苏淮安）Nowthereisafamilyproblem.Nearlyeveryparentsaysthatwenevergrowup.Infactweareprobably16or17yearsold.Intheireyes,wearealwayslittleonesandoftendowrongthings.Forexample,whenIneedtostayathomealone,theyalwaysworryaboutmeandmylifewithoutthem.Mostparentsalwaysthinkthattheyhaveofferedthebestthingstheycantomaketheirchildrenliveinacomfortableworld.Theybuytheirchildrenprettyclothes,coolshoes,everythingthattheycanfortheirdearchildren.Inreturn,theyonlywanttheirchildrentogetgoodresultsintheexams.Butwhystillcan’ttheirchildrenunderstandthem?Doesitmeanthatwestillwantmorematerialthings?No.Asamatteroffact,whatwewantisatruefamily.Whatdoesatruefamily7\nmean?Ithinkitmeansaplacewherewecanhideourselvesfromthecoldworldoutside.Fromhere,wecangetwarmth,wecangetconsolation(安慰),andwecangethappiness.Andoneimportantthingisthatweshouldbestrongerandmoreconfidentintheoutsideworldbecauseweknowthatwehaveatruefamily.SoIthinkthatparentsshouldsitdowntotalkwiththeirchildrentoletknowthattheyhaveatruefamily,sothechildrenandtheirparentscouldunderstandeachothermoreandmore.Then,parentswillnottreattheirchildrenaslittleones.1.Intheeyesofmostparents,childrennever____________andseldomdo_____________.2.Mostparentsalwaysthinkthey__________thebestthingsfortheirchildrentoliveintheworld_________.3.Childrenstill___________theirparentsbecausewhatchildrenneedmostisnotmaterialthingsbut_______.4.Mostparentswanttheirchildrentoget__________intheexamswhiletheirchildrenwanttoget________.5.Thewayto__________betweenparentsandchildrenisthattheyshouldhavemorecommunicationwitheachother.Then,nochildrenwill___________aslittleones.【解题指导】此类型题的设置顺序通常遵循文章的顺序。题目的句子源于文章但并不相同，需要填空的词并非直接从文章摘录，而是通过理解做出对应题目要求的答案，比如第1题中的seldomdo____就是文章中使用的oftendowrongthings的对立面，所以作答时就不能直接摘抄dowrongthings，而是这一结构的同意转换，所以填seldomdorightthings。有些还需要根据词汇的使用规则进行选择，以满足语法的需要，比如第2题,虽然文中使用的是offer,但是题目中使用的是____sthforsb结构，所以填provide。任务型阅读理解模拟训练Passage1Brb(berightback),gr8(great),cya(seeyou)–it’saloteasiertouseabbreviations(缩写)whenwetext,isn’tit?TheaverageAmericanteensends60textmessagesaday,andyoucanimaginehoweasyitcanbe.Butwhilewemightthinknothingofit,there’sanongoingdiscussionthattextmessagingcanhaveabadeffect(影响)onpeople’sgrammar.Manybelievetheabbreviationsaregivingstudentsbadhabitswhenitcomestospellingandpunctuation(标点).Someteacherssaythattextingandsocialnetworkingcausestudentstobelazywhenwritingcorrectly.TherewasastudyinAugustintheNewMedia&Societyjournal.Itshowedthatyoungadultswhooftenusetextspeakfinditratherdifficulttoturnbacktocorrectgrammarwhenneeded.Butanotherviewisthattextmessaginghasnoeffectatall.Manypeopleconsiderittobealanguageofitsown.Itcouldbecomparedtostudentslearningaforeignlanguage.Thisdoesn’thaveaneffectontheirnativelanguage.Whetherit’sbadornot,itseemsthattextlanguageisbecomingverypopular.ThePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectdidastudynamedWriting,TechnologyandTeensin2022.7\nAccordingtothisstudy,64percentofteenssaidtheyusedinformal(非正式的)“textlanguage”whentheyweredoingtheirwritinghomework.Butit’snotjustamatteroflanguage.Studentswhotextalotduringclassmayhavedifficultypayingattention.ScientistsattheUniversityofPittsburgh,US,didanotherstudy.Studentswereaskedtocompleteaquestionnaireonhowmanytextstheysentandreceivedduringclass.Onaverage,studentssentmorethantwotextmessagesduringlectureslasting50to75minutes.Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhooftentextduringclasscan’teasilykeeptheirattentiononthelesson.Andthishasaneffectontheirlearning.Using1.________whentextingA.People’sopinions•Abbreviationsarebadforstudents’2._________andpunctuationuse.•Studentsbecome3.________becauseoftextingandsocialnetworking.•Young4.________findithardtoreturntocorrectgrammaroncetheyhavegotusedtoabbreviating.•Itisconsideredtobea5.________.•Ithasnoeffectontheir6.________language.B.7.______ontexting•8.________percentofteenssaidtheyusedtextlanguageinhomework.•Onaverage,studentssentmorethan9.________textmessagesduringlecturesthatlastaroundanhour.•Itis10.________forthosewhotextalottopayattentioninclass.Passage2Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveandstudyinanancientcastle(城堡)?I’mtalkingaboutBritishboarding(寄宿)schools,wheresomechildrenactuallylivelikeHarryPotter(althoughsadlywithoutthemagic).BoardingschoolsinBritainarenotcheap.Theaveragecostis￡25,152(254,011yuan)forjustoneyear.Theschoolsareusuallyveryoldandrichinhistory.TheyplayedabigroleinBritishhistory,andhavecloseconnections(联系)toOxfordandCambridgeuniversities.Studentsareusuallyverywealthy(有钱);PrinceWilliamandHarrybothwenttoEton,aschoolwhichhasproduced19Britishprimeministers(首相).Oneofthemostimportantthingsfortheseschoolsissport.Cricket(板球),rugby(英式橄榄球)androwing(赛艇运动)areplayednearlyeveryday.Thesegamesbuildteamworkanddiscipline(纪律).ThereisafamoussayinginEnglish:“TheBritishEmpire(帝国)wasbuiltontheplayingfieldsofEton.”BoardingschoolsoftenappearinEnglishbooksandfilms.Theyoungchildwithoutparentsgrowingupinaboardingschoolisfoundinhundredsofstories,althoughthemostfamousnow7\nisHarryPotter.Boardingschoolsarebecominglesstraditional,though,andmoreinternational.Nearly9,000foreignkidsjoinedaBritishboardingschoollastyear,andathirdofthesecamefromChina.1.AreboardingschoolsexpensiveinBritain?______________________________________________________________________2.WhatistheschoolEtonfamousfor?______________________________________________________________________3.Whatcanstudentslearnfromthosedailysports?______________________________________________________________________4.HowmanyChinesestudentswenttoBritishboardingschoolslastyear?______________________________________________________________________5.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?______________________________________________________________________Passage3Humanstodaylookverydifferenttohowtheywerehundredsofthousandsofyearsago.Humanevolution(进化)haschangedourbodiesinmanyways.Butthere’saquestionthatstillbothersthescientists.Willhumanskeepevolvingorhavewereachedtheendoftheline?ThescientificnameforhumansisHomosapiens(智人).SincemodernHomosapiensappearedaround50,000yearsago,therehavebeenfewphysicalchangesinourevolution.Oneargumentisthattechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution.Becausewearesmartenoughtobuildthingsthatsolveproblems,wedon’tneedourbodiestoadapt.Butmanyothersdisagree,andthereisalotofevidencethatwehavecontinuedtochangeovertime.Forexample,ourbrainshavebecomealittlebitsmalleroverthelast30,000years.Scientistssaythisisnotbecausewearebecomingmorestupidbutbecauseourbrainshavebecomemoreeffective.Butevolutionisn’tjustaboutobviouschanges.It’salsoaboutsmallgenetic(基因的)changeshappeninginsideofus.Themovementofpeoplearoundtheworldhascausedhumanstoadaptevenfaster.Ithasbecomeeasierfordiseasestospreadandthehumanbodyhastoactmorequicklytoprotectitself.Butit’simpossibletotellwhatmighthappennext.Manybelieveitisfoolishtotryandpredict(预知)thefutureofhumanevolution.Forexample,anextremechangeintemperature,liketheIceAge(冰河时代),couldmeanhumanshavetosuddenlyevolvemorequicklytoadapt.Otherwise,itcouldbethousandsofyearsbeforeweseeanybigphysicalchangeshappen.1.WhendidmodernHomosapiensstarttoliveonEarth?ModernHomosapienscameintobeing______________________.2.Whydosomepeoplethinktechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution?7\nBecausetheythinktechnologyandmedicinecanhelpus________________easilyandourbodiesdon’tneedtoadapt.3.Whatdoscientiststhinkofourbrains’beingsmallerthan30,000yearsago?Theythinkourbrainshavebecome_________________________.4.Whatproblemshaspeople’smovementaroundtheworldbrought?Ithasmade______________tospreadeasily.5.WhathappenedduringtheIceAge?Therewasan__________________________.Passage4Dinnerisn’tcompletewithoutfood’sbestfriend:adrink.Theworld’smostfamousdrinksareamixofhistoryandculture,andusuallyshowupinthebiggestfestivals.So,let’sturnourtastebuds(味蕾)tothebestdrinkstheworldhastooffer.What’stheglobaldrinkforvictory(胜利)?It’schampagne(香槟),atypeofwine.ItwasfirstmadeinaplaceinFrancecalledChampagne.Inthepast,onlyrichpeoplecouldaffordit.Butnow,champagneisusedatanybigeventorfestival.Interestingly,thewinnerofasportingeventissprayed(喷洒)withchampagne,butdoesn’tdrinkit.Ifchampagneisforexcitingmoments,thenteaisformorerelaxedsituations.Manyculturesenjoyasipofhotteaintheirwarmhomesduringwinter.WhileteacomesfromChina,theBritishlovetodrinkit,too.ItisBritain’sfavoritedrinkandpartofeverydaylifeformany.AccordingtotheUKTeaCouncil,165millioncupsofteaaredrunkeverysingledayintheUK.Besideswater,beerisoneoftheoldestdrinksthathumanshaveenjoyed.Itcomesinmanyflavors(风味)aroundtheworld.Oneoftheworld’sbiggestfestivalsisa16-daycelebrationofbeer:theOktoberfestinMunich,Germany.Around6millionpeoplefromaroundtheworldgathertheretodrinktraditionalbeereachyear.Butremember:drinkingalcohol(酒精)canbebadforyoungbrains.Mostcountries,includingChina,don’tallowpeopletodrinkalcoholiftheyareyoungerthan18.1.Drinksareusuallyregardedasamixof________,andtheyplayanimportantrolein____________.2.Champagne,atypeof___________,istheglobaldrinkfor_______________.3.Champagneisfor__________________,whileteaisformore_______________moments.4.Tea_________________China,butitisalsoverypopular_____________.5.Drinkingalcohol____________youngbrains,sopeopleunder18are_____________it.参考答案任务型阅读理解技巧点拨【2022江苏南京】1.collecting2.died3.easily4.signed5.including7\n6.importance7.son’s8.museum9.share10.kids【2022江苏淮安】1.growup,dorightthings2.haveprovided,comfortably3.can’tunderstand,atruefamily4.goodresults;warmth,consolationandhappiness5.solvetheproblem,betreated任务型阅读理解模拟训练【Passage1】1.abbreviations2.spelling3.lazy4.adults5.language6.native7.Studies8.649.two10.difficult/hard【Passage2】1.Yes,theyare.2.Ithasproduced19Britishprimeministers.3.Teamworkanddiscipline.4.About3,000.5.Britishboardingschools.【Passage3】1.around50,000yearsago2.solveproblems3.moreeffective4.diseases5.extremechangeintemperature【Passage4】1.historyandculture;thebiggestfestivals2.wine;victory3.excitingmoments;relaxed4.comesfrom;intheUK5.isbadfor;notallowedtodrink7