2023高考英语二轮复习定语从句考点语法详解素材202303031217

高中英语定语从句考点整理定语从句小测试1.Doyouknowtheman_______？A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke答案：C解析：“和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。2.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there答案：A解析：where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。3.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday？A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked答案：A解析：“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that.4.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as答案：D解析：such……as是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语,在本题中，as作表语。5.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels答案：C解析：as引导定语从句时通常构成such……as或thesame……as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时，要用sucha……..本题中suchbooks，such直接修饰复数名词。定语从句作为英语语法，在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分，也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大，屡屡让同学们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志！概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)2.关系词：引导定语的词（1）关系词的作用\n①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）（2）关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）③关系副词：在从句中作状语（When/where/why）3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.比较：Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)定语从句的10个难点01关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)（2）关系代词在定语从句中作表语Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)（3）关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.比较：Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）02先行词是人(that/who的区别)（1）用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?②关系代词在从句中作表语时Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.（2）用who的情况①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWhoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?③在therebe结构中Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.03先行词是物(that/which的区别)（1）用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack's.\n③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichisnewlyopentous.（2）用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,hevery,theright，thelast等所修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIwant.③先行词中既有人又有物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandheplacesthatimpressedhermost.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI'veseensinceIcamehere.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?04As引导定语从句用法（1）As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中：Such/so…..as….即“像…..一样”thesame….as…即“和…...同样的”Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.（2）引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.（同类事物）05关系副词的运用（1）When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)（2）Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)（3）Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.Idon'twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where=inwhich)06几个特殊的先行词（1）way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/不填Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.比较：Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.★way在定语中作tell的宾语（2）先行词time\ntime表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句Thisisthefirsttimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词whenThiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets★此时when=duringwhich在..期间（3）先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式why/forwhich/that/不填Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/不填hecannotcomehere.比较：Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromtheconference.★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语07介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）★该结构介词的选用原则：（1）根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$8.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid$8.（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromuniversity.（3）根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.（4）英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuythepiano.Sheistherightpersononwhomtodepend注意：①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.08定语从句的主谓一致（1）当先行词是oneof+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitoreveryyear.（2）当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.（3）先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.09定语从句的转化定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromTaiwan.Ilovethestories(whichwere)writtenbyHemingway.Theman(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.010定语从句的解题方法（1）判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词，定语从句）（2）准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词\n注意：①关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人：whose=the+名词+ofwhom当先行词是物：whose=the+名词+ofwhichDoyouknowtheboywhoseparents/theparentsofwhomareonholiday?I'dlikearoomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.②That引导定语从句，名词性从句和强调句型的区别:定语从句中的that:关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。强调句中的that,运用于itis/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。比较：ThisisthebookthatIamlookingfor.(that引导定语从句)ItisatBashumiddleschoolthatIhavestudiedforthreeyears.(that和前面的itis构成强调句型)Thefactthathestolethemoneysurprisedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--同位语从句)Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)Weallexpectthattheywin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)Thereasonforyourfailureisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.(that引导名词性从句--表语从句)