全国统考2023高考英语一轮复习练习高考题型提分练一阅读理解提能练含解析20230325194

高考题型提分练(一)阅读理解提能练(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThebestwaytoseetheworld’sarchitecturalmarvelsistovisittheminperson,sograbyourpassportandbookatriptooneoftheseamazingdestinationsifyouhavealongingforaspotofbuilding-basedblissthisyear.BarcelonaEveryyearmillionsofpeopleflocktothisvibrantSpanishcitytoseesomeoftheamazinglyuniqueworksofthefamousarchitectAntoniGaudi.TheTempleExpiatoridelaSagradaFamiliaisthemostpopularoftheseandisstillbeingbuilt,inspiteofthefactthatworkbeganallthewaybackin1882.MonacoWhileultramodernarchitecturetendstograballoftheheadlines,ifyouarelookingforamoretraditionaltypeofdesignthatspeakstotheopulence(富裕)ofbygoneeras,Monacoisdefinitelyworthaddingtoyourlist.MonteCarloisundoubtedlythebestplacetovisitifyouwanttobebathedinthebeautyofthecoastlineitshareswiththeFrenchRivierawhilealsoseeingsomeofthemostgorgeoushotelsthatEuropehastooffer.AthensAnumberofancientarchitecturestandsintheGreekcapital,withbuildingsthathavestoodforthousandsofyearsstillmanagingtotoweroverthetouriststhatvisitthem.Fromtheimpressive,awe-inspiringremnants(遗迹)oftheParthenontotemplestovariousgodsincludingZeusandHephaestus,Athensistheplacetovisitifyouareeagertoseearchitecturethatisfilledwithhistory.SingaporeIncontrasttoMonteCarlo,thearchitectureofSingaporeiscuttingedgeandfuturistic,tothepointthatvisitorsmayfeelliketheyhavesteppedontothesettingofasciencefictionfilmratherthanliving,breathingcity.TheHelix\nBridgeisamust-seearchitecturalattractionofSingapore,withits280-metre-spanstretchinginanarcingcurveandconsistingofintertwinedmetalstrands(金属链)thatbringthestructureofDNAintomind.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,简单介绍四个可以领略世界建筑奇观的旅游胜地。1.IfyouareafanofarchitectAntoniGaudi,wherewouldyouchoosetogo?A.TheremnantsoftheParthenon.B.TheHelixBridge.C.MonteCarlo.D.TheTempleExpiatoridelaSagradaFamilia.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段“TheTempleExpiatoridelaSagradaFamiliaisthemostpopularofthese”可知,D项是建筑师AntoniGaudi的作品之一,故D项正确。2.WhatmakesMonteCarloaplaceworthvisiting?A.Itsuniquehotels.B.Itsfuturisticbuildings.C.Itsbeautifulcoastline.D.Itsimpressiveremnants.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段“MonteCarloisundoubtedlythebestplacetovisitifyouwanttobebathedinthebeautyofthecoastline”蒙特卡洛无疑是欣赏海岸线之美的最佳地点,可知答案为C项。3.WhatdoweknowabouttheHelixBridge?A.Itisstillbeingconstructed.B.ItlookslikethestructureofDNA.C.Itisthesettingofasciencefictionfilm.D.ItisthemostpopularattractioninSingapore.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段“TheHelixBridgeisamust-seearchitecturalattractionofSingapore,withits280-metre-spanstretchinginanarcingcurveandconsistingofintertwinedmetalstrandsthatbringthestructureofDNAintomind.”螺旋桥是新加坡一个必看的建筑景点,其280米跨度呈弧形延伸,由相互缠绕的金属链组成,让人们联想到DNA的结构,可知答案为B项。B\n　　Iwentbacktouniversityfull-timeat38tofinishmyBAdegree.IwastheoldeststudentinallmyclassesbutIwouldseeafewolderstudentsaroundthecollege.Istudiedhistoryandeconomicsanddidverywell:Ididn’thavethedistractionsthatarecommonamongtraditional-agestudentssuchaspartyingandboyfriend/girlfrienddramas;Ihadthedisciplinethatcomesfrom20yearsintheworkplace,andthusdideverythingwellandontime;andIhadreal-worldexperiencethatbenefitedmegreatly.EamonO’Kelly　　Igotmymaster’sdegreewhenIwasinmy40s.Itwasn’tanymoredifficultthanitwastogetmyBAinmylateteen-early20s.Mostofmyclassmateswereintheirmidtolate20s,butotherthanhavingafewculturalreferencesthatweredifferent,theagedifferencewasnotanissue.Infact,InowhaveaterrificfriendwhoisadecadeyoungerthanIandwhomIwouldneverhavemethadwenotbeeninschooltogether.DianneMclaren-Brighton　　Iwentbacktoschoolat43andgotmyBSinphotography.Iwasverynervousaboutit:Ithoughttheotherstudentswouldbesmarterthanme,thatwasn’tthecase.Ithoughttheotherstudentswouldn’tlikeme,thatwasn’tthecase,theydidn’tlikemeanymoreorlessthannormal.Forthemostpart,peoplejustdotheirownthing.IactuallyfeelIhadanadvantageinclassesinthattheprofessorsweremostlyaboutmyagesoIcouldrelatetothembetterthantheotherstudents.AmerKhwaja　　Myhusbandleftsecondaryschoolat15,andjoinedtheRoyalNavy;whenheleftasajuniorofficertenyearslater,theyrecommendedthatheshouldgotouniversity,butherefused;hefeltthatat25hewastooold.Fifteenyearsandasecondcareerinindustrialpurchasinglater,hesuddenlydecidedhewantedtogotouniversity.Hehadawonderfultimethere,wassuddenlyagoodtenyearsyounger,gotaverygooddegreeinComputingandwentontoahappythirdcareerasafreelanceprogrammerandsystemsanalyst.GillBullen\n【文章大意】本文是记叙文。叙述了几位中年人重新回到大学,继续接受教育并获得学位的事迹。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions”inParagraph1referto?A.Gradesandpressure.B.Hobbiesandclothes.C.Partyinganddating.D.Worriesaboutfinance.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段中:“Ididn’thavethedistractionsthatarecommonamongtraditional-agestudentssuchaspartyingandboyfriend/girlfrienddramas”可知,没有传统年龄的学生常见的分心,如聚会和交男女朋友等。故选C。5.Whodoesn’tthinktheagedifferenceisabigissue?A.EamonO’Kelly.B.DianneMclaren-Brighton.C.AmerKhwaja.D.GillBullen.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“theagedifferencewasnotanissue.”可知选项B正确。6.HowdidAmerKhwajafeelatfirst?A.Confident.　　　　B.Enthusiastic.C.Optimistic.D.Inferior.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Iwasverynervousaboutit:Ithoughttheotherstudentswouldbesmarterthanme...Ithoughttheotherstudentswouldn’tlikeme,”可以推断出刚开始作者比较自卑。故答案选D。7.HowoldwasGillBullen’shusbandwhenhewentbacktouniversity?A.30.　　　B.40.　　　C.45.　　　D.50.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段“...hefeltthatat25hewastooold.Fifteenyears...later,hesuddenlydecidedhewantedtogotouniversity.”可知,作者的丈夫大约在40岁的时候决定想上大学了。故选B。C\n　　GengShuaihasanickname“China’sUselessEdison”.Hisfamehasgrownbecausehisinventionsareseenasstrange,andoftenunnecessary.Theformerwelder(焊工),wholivesinthenorthernprovinceofHebei,becameanInternetsensationwithvideosofhiscreationspostedonlinein2017.Hehassincerackedupmorethan2.7millionfollowersontheChineseshortvideoappKuaishouandnearlyamilliononhisWeibo.“ThejobsIusedtohavewereextremelyboringanduninspiring.Itwasmoreorlessacaseofdoingthesamethingeveryday,”saidGeng,whospentmorethanadozenyearsinjobshedidn’tenjoyafterdroppingoutofschoolat16.MakingitemsfrommetalcomesnaturallytoGeng,whocherisheschildhoodmemoriesofsneakingintothefactorywherehiswelderfatherworked,toobservehimandoccasionallyhelp.NowGengearnsaboutthreetimeswhatheusedto,hesaid,despitepoorsalesandpricesseenashigh,becauseeachspecialiseditemtakesalongtimetomakebyhand.Hisearningscomemainlyfromonlinetokensboughtbyfollowersandadvertisements.Gengsaysheputsalotofeffortintopreparingforthelivestreaming,aspublicspeakingdoesnotcomenaturallytohim.“Sometimesduringalivestream,Irunoutofthingstosay.Thatfeelsveryawkward.”Comments,questionsandlikesfromfansfloodedinatarecentlivestreamsessionwherehedemonstratedseveralinventions,suchasahandbagbuiltintoahammerresemblingthatwieldedbyThor,thegodofNorsemythology.“Geng’screativemindisajoytowatch,”saidZhouBingke,whoteachesweldingandmetalworkatTsinghuaUniversity.“SeeingGeng’svideoswillleadtomorepeoplemakingthings.Whetheritisworksofartorotherthingsforfun,theprocessofmanufacturingisenjoyable.”【文章大意】文章是一篇新闻报道,讲述了河北的电焊工耿帅在网络直播平台凭借自己富有想象力的“无用”作品走红的故事。8.WhyisGengShuainicknamed‘UselessEdison’?A.Gengisalazyperson.B.Gengisadisabledwelder.\nC.Genginventsusefulproducts.D.Gengcreatesvarioususelessthings.【解析】选D。细节理解题。文章提到becausehisinventionsareseenasstrange,andoftenunnecessary可知,耿帅的发明千奇百怪,经常没有用,因此他被网友称为“无用爱迪生”,故选D。9.WhydoesGengsellhisproductsatahighprice?A.Heisinneedofmoneybadly.B.Hetakesprideinhisonlinefame.C.Hespendslongtimemakingthem.D.Hemakesadvertisementswiththem.【解析】选C。细节理解题。第三段中提到becauseeachspecialiseditemtakesalongtimetomakebyhand可知,他的发明纯手工制作,费时费力,所以售价很高。10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A.Gengcanmakelivestreamingeasily.B.Genghasateamtomakevideosforhim.C.Gengisactuallynotanoutgoingperson.D.Gengmakesalivingmainlybysellinghisproducts.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中aspublicspeakingdoesnotcomenaturallytohim可知他在公共场合不善言辞,是个内向的人。11.AccordingtoZhouBingke,whyareGeng’svideossopopular?A.Theyarefunnyandserious.B.Theyareinspiringandcreative.C.Theyareinterestingbutboring.D.Theyareamusingbutdangerous.【解析】选B。观点态度题。清华大学老师认为Geng’screativemindisajoytowatch.SeeingGeng’svideoswillleadtomorepeoplemakingthings.。故选B。D　　AnewstudyfromPennStateconfirmslongstandingresearchintotherelationshipbetweencolorandtaste.Whatconsumersseewhentheyeatmattersasmuch—ifnotmore—thanwhattheytaste.\n　　Researchersgaveparticipantsdifferentcolorsofliquidwithdifferenttastes—includingbitter,sweet,savory(香薄荷)andsour.Participantsthentriedclearliquidswiththesametastes,andtheywereaskedtoassociatethemwithacolor.　　Researchersfoundtheseassociationsareeasytolearn,andonesthatarecurrentlycommon—likeredforsweetoryellowforsour—maynotbesetinstone.Sixin10studyparticipantslearnednewcolor-flavorpairingsafterfourexposures. 　　Whatconsumersexpectwhentheyseeafoodpreparesthemselvestotastecertainflavors.Thestrongassociationsbetweencolorandflavorarewellestablishedinscientificcommunity.Branding,packagingandcolorqualityoftheproductitselfplayabigpartincreatingandmaintainingexpectations.Foodbrandshavelongunderstoodthisandworkedtoestablishstandards.Theyrelyonvisualexpectationstopullcustomersintounfamiliarproduct.Insomecases,colorcanoverpowerothersensesandconvincepeopletheytasteflavorsthataren’tthere.　　ThePennStateresearcherssetouttotestiftheycouldteachcolor-tastecorrelations,andfoundthelinkagescouldbemoreflexiblethanmanythoughtinsomecases.　　“Thismighthavesuggestionsinthefoodindustryifacompanyweretolaunchanewflavoredproductwithacolor.Someconsumersmightnotlearnoracceptanewcolorandflavorpairingaswellasothers,”PennStatefoodsciencesdoctoralcandidateMollyJ.Higginssaidinawrittenstatement.　　Althoughitmaybepossibletototallychangefoodcolors,itmaynotbeadvisable.Accordingtothisstudy,40%ofconsumerswouldbeleftbehind,stuckonfamiliarpatterns.That’sabiggambleforfoodbrandstotake.Consumerstendtowanttoknowwhatthey’reinforwhentheyselectaproduct—andcolorisabigpartofthat.Whileit’sinterestingthatconsumerexpectationsforcolorscouldshift,theriskofunexpectedcolorsishighforanycompany.【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍一项研究成果:颜色和味道之间的关系。长久以来,人们普遍会把不同的颜色与不同的味道联系起来,\n但研究也发现颜色和香味的联系也是可以通过强化打破的。基于此论,一些品牌和厂家会根据需求选择适合自己产品的颜色来吸引顾客,但不要轻易尝试改变人们对固有食物的颜色,那样会失去相当一部分顾客。12.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean?A.Differentpeoplehavedifferentcolor-tastematch.B.Evensomecommonassociationscanbechanged.C.Commonassociationsoncesetcannotbechanged.D.Thecurrentassociationsarerecordedinthestone.【解析】选B。句意理解题。根据第三段第一句前半句知ones代替的是上文的associations,最后一句“Sixin10studyparticipantslearnednewcolor-flavorpairingsafterfourexposures.”研究中10个参与者中就有6个人在四次接触后学习了新的颜色与味道的搭配,据此可知上句的maynotbesetinstone应该是可以改变的,即:不是一成不变的。13.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphimply?A.Brandingandpackagingaremoreimportant.B.Colorcannotinfluencethetasteofanewfood.C.Peoplecanbelievetheirexperiencesandexpectations.D.Seeingisnotalwaysbelievingfornewfoodproducts.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据本段第一句:Whatconsumersexpectwhentheyseeafoodpreparesthemselvestotastecertainflavors,因为人们对于自己看到的食物是有期待的味道的,倒数两句:Theyrelyonvisualexpectationstopullcustomersintounfamiliarproduct.Insomecases,colorcanoverpowerothersensesandconvincepeopletheytasteflavorsthataren’tthere.所以生产商也利用视觉期待达到自己的销售目的,有些情况下颜色甚至能蒙骗人们的其他感觉让他们尝到原本不存在的味道。14.Whatisadvisedinthelastparagraph?A.Don’triskchangingfoodcolorscompletely.B.Changefoodcolorstogainmoreconsumers.C.Stickingonfamiliarpatternsisabiggamble.D.Distinguishtrueorfalsecustomerswithnewfoodcolors.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据本段第一句Althoughitmaybepossibletototallychangefoodcolors,itmaynotbeadvisable.和最后一句Whileit’sinterestingthatconsumer\nexpectationsforcolorscouldshift,theriskofunexpectedcolorsishighforanycompany.可知这个赌注太大,风险过高。15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatcanbedonetofindatastyfood?B.Howdeeparecolor-tasteassociations?C.Doyouknowthecolorofwhatyou’reeating?D.Isthereanythingmysteriouswithfoodproducts?【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段AnewstudyfromPennStateconfirmslongstandingresearchintotherelationshipbetweencolorandtaste.Whatconsumersseewhentheyeatmattersasmuch—ifnotmore—thanwhattheytaste.宾夕法尼亚州大学长期以来进行的一项研究证实了颜色和味道之间的联系,人们看到的远比吃到的重要。后面从不同方面讲了食物与颜色之间长久的瓜葛,生产商也注意到此,从颜色、包装和品牌方面打造食物,迎合消费者,甚至以假乱真,可知颜色与味道之间的渊源真的是太深了。Ⅱ.阅读填句　　根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipstoBeaMoreSustainableTraveler　　Unmanagedtourismcandamageculturalsites.　1　Nowtravelresponsiblywiththesesimpleguidelines. 　　●Knowthehistory.Beforeyoutravel,readuponthehistoryandcultureofyourdestination.UsetheInternettogetleadsonlocalspecialtiesandoff-the-beaten-pathsitesfromlocalsandothertravelers.　2　 　　●Beeco-friendly.　3　Whateverhelpstheenvironment,suchasrecyclingorstayinginaneco-friendlyhotel,alsoprotectsheritage.Walking,biking,orexploringoneplacein-depthisagoodwaytoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.Aturbandestinations,walkortakepublictransitwheneverpossible.You’llseemoreandavoidgettingstuckinrush-hourtraffic! 　　●　4　Takeonlyphotographs,andmakesurethataflashispermittedbecauseaflashcandamagecenturies-oldartwork.Beawareoflocaltraditionswhenphotographingpeopleandwhenindoubt,askpermissionbeforesnappingapicture.\nNeverremoveanythingfromasite:youmaythinkonestonewon’tbemissed,butifeveryoneofPompeii’stwomillionannualvisitorstooksomethinghome,soontherewouldbenothingleft. 　　●Educate.Tellfriendsandfamilyaboutresponsibleheritagetourism.Raiseawarenessbysharingyourexperiencesacrosssocialmedia,oryourowntravelblog.　5　 A.Visitorscanmakeadifference.B.Don’tbeflashywithphotos.C.Startaglobalconservationconversation!D.Conservationshouldalwaysbeonatraveler’smind.E.Showrespectforandinterestinthelocalculture.F.Helpthreatenedsites,eitherthroughorbyvolunteering.G.Learnafewbasicphrasesinyourdestination’slocallanguage.【文章大意】文章给出了关于如何成为一个可持续发展的、环保的旅行者的建议。1.【解析】选A。根据上文“不受管理的旅游会破坏文化遗产”及下文可知,游客可以有所作为,故选A承上启下。2.【解析】选G。根据本段的主题“Knowthehistory”及“Beforeyoutravel”,可知了解当地语言也是旅游前的准备。3.【解析】选D。这一段的主题是生态环保,根据上下文,可知选D,旅游者应该时刻牢记环保。4.【解析】选B。根据下文的关键词“photographs”“photographing”,可知选B,不要拍照。5.【解析】选C。根据上文的关键词“Educate”“Tell”可知C选项的关键词“conversation对话”符合本段标题Educate的要求。开始一场全球性的环保对话!