全国统考2023高考英语一轮复习练习高考题型提分练四阅读理解提能练含解析20230325192

高考题型提分练(四)　阅读理解提能练(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThePrettiestCollegeCampusesintheUnitedStatesFlaglerCollege　　Whileyou’llfindplentyofattractivecollegecampuseswithGothic,Georgian,andJeffersonianarchitecture,FlaglerCollegeisinacategoryofitsown.LocatedinhistoricSt.Augustine,Florida,thecollege’smainbuildingisPoncedeLeonHall.Builtin1888byHenryMorrisonFlagler,thebuildingfeaturestheworkoffamousnineteenth-centuryartistsandengineersincludingTiffany,Maynard,andEdison.Thebuilding,oneofthemostimpressiveexamplesofSpanishRenaissancearchitectureinthecountryisaNationalHistoricLandmark.PrincetonUniversity　　AlleightoftheIvyLeagueschoolshaveimpressivecampuses,butPrincetonUniversityhasappearedonmorerankingsofprettycampusesthananyoftheothers.LocatedinPrinceton,NewJersey,theschoolis500acreshouseover190buildingsfeaturingplentyofstonetowersandGothicarches.Thecampus’soldestbuilding,NassauHall,wascompletedin1756.Morerecentbuildingshavedrawnonarchitecturalheavyweights,suchasFrankGehry,whodesignedtheLewisLibrary.RiceUniversity　　EventhoughtheskylineofHoustoniseasilyvisiblefromcampus,RiceUniversity’s300acresdon’tfeelurban.Thecampus’s4,300treesmakeiteasyforstudentstofindashadyspottostudy.TheAcademicQuadrangle,alargegrassyarea,sitsattheheartofthecampuswiththeLovettHall,theuniversity’smosticonicbuilding,situatedontheeasternedge.FondrenLibrarystandsontheoppositeendofthequad.ThemajorityofcampusbuildingswereconstructedintheByzantinestyle.UniversityofRichmond\n　　TheUniversityofRichmondoccupiesa350-acrecampusontheoutskirtsofRichmond,Virginia.Theuniversity’sbuildingsaremostlyconstructedfromredbrickintheCollegiateGothicstylethatispopularonsomanycampuses.ManyoftheearlybuildingsweredesignedbyRalphAdamsCram,whoalsodesignedbuildingsfortwoothercampusesonthislist:RiceUniversityandPrincetonUniversity.【文章大意】本文是应用文。介绍美国四所最美的大学。1.WhichofthefollowingistheoldestbuildingofPrinceton’sUniversity?A.NassauHall.B.PoncedeLeonHall.C.TheLewisLibrary.D.TheLovettHall.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Thecampus’soldestbuilding,NassauHall,wascompletedin1756.”可知A为正确答案。2.Whichuniversity’sbuildingsaremostlybuiltintheByzantinestyle?A.FlaglerCollege.B.PrincetonUniversity.C.RiceUniversity.D.UniversityofRichmond.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ThemajorityofcampusbuildingswereconstructedintheByzantinestyle.”可知,RiceUniversity的大多数校园建筑都是拜占庭风格的,故选C。3.Whodesignedbuildingsforthreeuniversities?A.HenryMorrisonFlagler.B.Tiffany.C.FrankGehry.D.RalphAdamsCram.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句:“ManyoftheearlybuildingsweredesignedbyRalphAdamsCram,whoalsodesignedbuildingsfortwoothercampusesonthislist:RiceUniversityandPrincetonUniversity.”可知选D。B\n　　SecondWorldWarveteranCaptainTomMooreistobeknightedafterhisheroiceffortstoraisemoneyfortheNHS.The100-year-oldreceivedalmost￡33millionindonationsforhealthservicecharitiesbywalkinglapsofhisBedfordshiregarden.SirTomsetouttowalk100lapsofhisgardeninMarstonMoretaineinBedfordshirebeforehis100thbirthdayonApril30,andhecompletedthelapsaheadoftime.Hisinitialfund-raisingtargetwas￡1,000,buthisdeterminationcapturedthepublicimaginationduringthepandemicandwithindayshehadraisedtensofmillionsofpound.Healsoreleasedacharitysingle,You’llNeverWalkAlone,withsingerMichaelBall,whichreachednumberoneinthecharts,makinghimtheoldestartistevertohaveaUKnumberonesingle.PrimeministerBorisJohnsondescribedSirTomasa“truenationaltreasure”andpraisedhis“fantasticfundraising”whichhesaid“providedusallwithabeaconoflightthroughthefogofcoronavirus”.JohnsonrecommendedSirTombeexceptionallyhonouredbytheQueen,whohasapprovedthehonour,DowningStreethasannounced.Hisknighthoodcomesjustweeksafterhewasmadeanhonorarycoloneltomarkhiscentenaryandfundraisingefforts.LabourleaderKeirStarmercongratulatedSirTomwhohesaidhadbrought“inspirationtomillionsandhelpedallofustocelebratetheextraordinaryachievementsofourNHS”.Headded:“Inhisactions,Tomembodiedthenationalsolidarity(团结)whichhasgrownthroughoutthiscrisis,andshowedusthateveryonecanplaytheirpartinhelpingbuildabetterfuture.”SirTomenlistedintotheeighthbattalionoftheDukeofWellington’sRegiment(8DWR),aninfantryunitthatwasconvertedtooperateChurchilltanksaspartoftheRoyalArmouredCorps(RAC).In1940hewasselectedforofficertrainingandrosetotherankofcaptain,laterbeingpostedto9DWRinIndia.HeservedandfoughtintheArakaninwesternBurma,sincerenamedRakhineState,andwentwithhisregimenttoSumatraaftertheJapanesesurrender.AfterthewarhereturnedtotheUKandworkedasaninstructorattheArmouredFightingVehicleSchoolinBovington,Dorset.HelivedinKentformanyyearsbeforemovingtoBedfordshiretobewithhisfamilyin2007.\n【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文,本篇讲述了一位百岁二战老兵汤姆·摩尔上尉为抗疫中的医护人员筹款,受到大众的高度评价的故事。4.HowdidTomMooreraisethemoney?A.Bywalkinglaps.B.Bysellingbirthdaygifts.C.Bygivinglecturesatschool.D.ByaskingthePrimeMinisterforhelp.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段The100-year-oldreceivedalmost￡33millionindonationsforhealthservicecharitiesbywalkinglapsofhisBedfordshiregarden.这位百岁老人通过在花园走圈,为健康服务慈善机构筹集到了3300万英镑,可知答案为A项。5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingTomMooreistrue?A.Hereleasedasongtomakemoney.B.Heoriginallyplannedtoraise￡33millionintotal.C.HewasspokenhighlyofbythePrimeMinister.D.Hewasn’tpromotedtocaptainuntilJapanesesurrender.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Healsoreleasedacharitysingle”他也发行了一首慈善单曲,可知A项不正确;根据第二段“Hisinitialfund-raisingtargetwas￡1,000”他最初的筹款目标是1000英镑,可知B项不正确;根据第三段“PrimeministerBorisJohnsondescribedSirTomasa‘truenationaltreasure’andpraisedhis‘fantasticfundraising’”首相称他为“真正的宝藏”,并表扬他的“很好的筹款”,可知C项正确;根据最后一段“In1940hewasselectedforofficertrainingandrosetotherankofcaptain”可知D项不正确。6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTomMoore?A.Humorousandcharming.B.Inspiringanddevoted.C.Ambitiousandbrave.D.Demandingandstubborn.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段他鼓舞启发了数百万人民和最后一段他的从军经历可知B项是正确答案。7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?\nA.ACaptain’sLifeStory.B.FundraisinginPandemic.C.ACaptainToBeKnighted.D.DonationsinUrgentNeed.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本篇讲述了一位百岁二战老兵汤姆·摩尔上尉为抗疫中的医护人员筹款,受到大众的高度评价的故事,故答案为C项。C　　OurMarketingAssistantAlliRosetaskedherchildrenBella(9)andCallum(6)toanactivityfromTheBigBookofNatureActivitiesbyDrewMonkmanandJacobRodenburg.Nowthatschoolistakingplaceathome,andparentsarerushingtogetfuneducationalactivitiesfortheirchildren,shethoughtshe’dtryoutanactivityfromoneofourbooks.　　Theactivity,MappingSoundsinNature,inviteschildrentoexploresoundsinnatureandthentomapthemonaSoundMapoftheircreations.Findouthowitwent,andhowyoucancreateyourown,below.　　ExcerptfromthebookTheBigBookofNatureActivities.MappingSoundsofNatureSoundMapexamplefromTheBigBookofNature　　Chooseasiteandtimeofdaywithavarietyofnaturalsounds.Edgehabitatsnearamarsh(沼泽,湿地)canbeexcellent.GiveeachchildanindexcardwithanXinthecenter.TellthemthecardisamapandtheXiswherethey’llbesitting.　　Eachtimetheyhearasound,theyshouldmarkitslocation(directionanddistance)andrepresentitwithasimplesymbol(e.g.,afewparallellinesforwind,amusicalnoteforbirdsong,anumberafterthenoteforeachdifferentbird).\nShowthemhowtocuptheirhandsinfrontofandbehindtheirearstohearsoundsfromalldirections.　　Makesureeachchildfindsalisteningplacewell-separatedfromotherchildren.Listenfor5—10minutes,dependingonthevarietyofsoundsandtheageofparticipants.Encouragekidstosharetheirmapswithapartner,identifyingbothnaturalandhuman-relatedsounds.Bringthegrouptogetheranddiscussthefollowing:Howmanydifferentsoundsdidyouhear?Whichsoundsdidyouparticularlylike?Whatsoundswerenewtoyou?Who/Whatmayhavemadethem?Whichwerenaturalandwhichwerecausedbyhumans?Dosomeofthesesoundshaveapurpose?Ifso,whatmightthisbe?　Bella’sSoundMapCallum’sSoundMap\n【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,推销文书,因为疫情孩子被迫居家学习,作者通过自己助手的参与经历介绍一个户外观察活动,并借机销售这本书。文章摘引该书的部分内容详细介绍了该活动具体的做法和注意事项,并附上了助手孩子的成就,很有说服力。8.Whyarethechildrentaskedtothisactivity?A.Toprotecttheenvironment.B.Togetclosetonature.C.Tohavesomefun.D.Togetsomeeducation.【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文章开头第一段第二句话“Nowthatschoolistakingplaceathome,andparentsarerushingtogetfuneducationalactivitiesfortheirchildren,shethoughtshe’dtryoutanactivityfromoneofourbooks.”可知孩子们在居家学习期间,父母想要找些具有教育意义又不失乐趣的活动,故选D符合原意。9.Howistheperformanceofthetwochildrenintheactivity?A.Bad.　　　　　　　　B.Good.C.Disappointing.D.Astonishing.【解析】选B。推理判断题。从文中介绍和两个孩子的绘图来看,效果还是很不错的,对9岁和6岁的孩子而言,其成就远超图片所展示的内容,他们的注意力、观察能力、动手能力都得到了锻炼。10.What’sthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?A.Tointroduceabooktoteachers.B.Toadvertiseforabook.C.Toencouragechildrentodooutdooractivities.D.Tohelpparentseducatetheirchildren.【解析】选B。写作意图题。文章开头提到“OurMarketingAssistantAlliRosetaskedherchildrenBella(9)andCallum(6)toanactivityfromTheBigBookofNatureActivitiesbyDrewMonkmanandJacobRodenburg.”以及“shethoughtshe’dtryoutanactivityfromoneofourbooks”,因此可知此书是他们的销售任务之一;再根据后面的示范图和小孩子的作品图进行比较得出结论:此书还不错。借部分章节内容推荐介绍最终达成促销目的,是很好的广告案例。11.Whodoyouthinkwilllikethisbook?\nA.Parents.B.Writers.C.Salesmen.D.Scientists.【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章第一段第二句Nowthatschoolistakingplaceathome,andparentsarerushingtogetfuneducationalactivitiesfortheirchildren可知此书是向父母介绍如何进行户外活动教育的,所以父母应该喜欢。D　　BeatrixPotter’sstoriesofanimalshavecapturedtheimaginationofchildrensince1902,whenherfirststory,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,waspublished.Itrecordstheadventureofarabbitwhoangersabad-temperedfarmerandfindshimselfparticipantinanepicescape.Peter,brothertoFlopsy,MopsyandCotton-Tail,didwhatchildrendobest—notlisten!Noteventhefactthatonlyacoupleyearsagohisdadwascaughtbytheevilfarmerandmadeintoapiebythefarmer’swife.Butboyswillbeboys,right?—Evenoneswhohavesisterswithcutenames.Herapparentlyfunnyfictionattemptstomakepleasanttheconsequentialhorrorsarisingfrompoordecisionmaking.Atitsmostliteral,herstoriessuggestthatnaughtychildrenarelikelytodieorencounterlossoflimbs.JemimaPuddle-duckispersuadedintoattendingadinnerpartywithapolite‘gentleman’,whosohappenstobeafox.Thestoryisatotal‘strangerdanger’alertforlittlelisteners,similartoPerrault’sLittleRedRidingHood—themoralattheendofwhichreads:“Children,especiallyattractiveyoungladies,shouldnevertalktostrangers,foriftheyshoulddoso,theymaywellprovidedinnerforawolf.Buttherearevariouskindsofwolves.Therearealsothosewhoarecharming,quiet,politeandsweet.Andunfortunately,itisthesegentlewolveswhoarethemostdangerousonesofall.”　　Yetthestrangethingiskidsdon’tseemparticularlyupsetbyallthecrueltyandviolencethatgoesdowninPotter’stales.Andisn’tthistheverythingthatmakesherstoriessoaccomplished,soloved?Potter’screaturesteachandentertainyoungreaders,whoasadults,willrevisitthestorieswiththeirownchildren,appreciatingtheunexpecteddarkhumorandmarvelingatthehiddenhorrorandwonderingwhytheirlittleonesaren’thavingnightmareswhentheyshouldbe!\n【文章大意】本文为一篇议论文,探讨了BeatrixPotter经久不衰的动物故事,出于规劝小读者的意图而使用生动有趣的语言展现生活的阴暗面。12.WhyisTheTaleofPeterRabbitmentionedinParagraph1?A.ToshowBeatrixPotter’sachievementB.TocriticizePeterRabbit’sbadbehavior.C.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.D.Todescribethecharactersinthestory.【解析】选C。写作意图题。第一段提到BeatrixPotter最著名的作品做例子,引出文章的中心论点:尽管她的故事生动有趣,但其中暗藏恐怖。13.WhydoestheauthorcompareJemimaPuddle-duckwithLittleRedRidingHood?A.Theyarebothworldfamous.B.Theysharesimilarstructures.C.Theybothtellstoriesoflittlegirls.D.Theyteachchildrensimilarlessons.【解析】选D。推理判断题。作者通过两个故事JemimaPuddle-duck及LittleRedRidingHood来说明一个道理:小孩子不要轻信陌生人,哪怕陌生人表现得彬彬有礼。14.WhyareadultreaderssurprisedwhenrereadingBeatrixPotter’sstoriesaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Theyhavebaddreamsatnight.B.Theydon’tnoticethehumor.C.Theirkidsdon’tfearthesestories.D.Theirkidsdon’tlikethesestories.【解析】选C。细节理解题。文章最后一段提到readers,whoasadults,willrevisitthestorieswiththeirownchildren,appreciatingtheunexpecteddarkhumorandmarvelingatthehiddenhorrorandwonderingwhytheirlittleonesaren’thavingnightmareswhentheyshouldbe可知,长大后的读者跟自己的孩子一起重温这些故事时,注意到其中的黑色幽默及暗藏的恐怖时,奇怪自己的孩子读完为什么不会做噩梦。15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThecharmingdarksideofPotter’sstoriesB.ThestoriesofJemimaPuddle-duck\nC.Thereaders’reactiontofairytalesD.ThelanguageinPotter’sstories【解析】选A。主旨大意题。全文探讨BeatrixPotter运用精彩有趣的语言讲述了生活中的阴暗面来劝诫儿童,故选A。Ⅱ.阅读填句　　根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。　　I’malwayssurprisedwhenIhearthestatisticsabouthowlittletimekidsspendoutside.Onestudyfoundchildrenarespendinglessthanhalftheamountoftimeoutdoorsthantheydidjust20yearsago.　　__1__Allthatoutsidetimeisn’tjustabouthealthandexercise,thoughthat’scertainlytrue.Severalstudiesalsohavelinkedoutsidetimetohighertestscores,loweranxietyandaggression,morecreativityandimprovedattentionspans.__2__ResearcherslookatthreeprimaryschoolsinSouthWalesthatadoptedanoutdoorlearningprogram,withteachersworkingoutsidewithstudentsatleastonehouraweekandcometothisconclusion. 　　__3__ElizaMinnucci’skindergartenclassthereengagesinForestMondays,duringwhichthestudentsspendthewholedayinthewoods,rainorshine.It’samorecurriculum-basedversionoftheLand,anoutdoorplaygroundinEngland,whichallowskidstoexperiment,builddams,andevenbuildfiresinthewoods. 　　Sowhathavetheresultsbeen?Mostlypositive.“Kidsaresoresourcefulouthere,”Minnuccisaid.“__4__Weteachthemdiscrete(互不相关的)skillsandfactsandtheyputthemtogetherlater.That’sagoodwaytolearn,butit’snotthewaytheworldworks,”shesaid.“__5__Intheplace,theyneedtothinkabouthowtobuildadamwithothersandatthesametime,thinkaboutstayingdryandstayingwarm.” 　　Consideringallthegoodevidencethatbeingoutsideisgreatformindandbody—aswellastestscores—itseemslikethiskindofeducationisanaturalnextstepforteachers.A.Myownchildhoodwasfilledwithoutdoortime.\nB.Asanaddedbonus,itisalsobeneficialtoteachers.C.Theideaistoletkidslearnlessonsfromthenaturalworld.D.Intheclassroom,weseparateeverythingintosmallpieces.E.ApublicschoolinQuecheeistakingtheseresultsseriously.F.Ilikegivingthemtheopportunitytobeinareallycomplexplace.G.Playingoutdoorsinvolvesplentyoflearning,justnotfromabook.【文章大意】本文是议论文。文章讨论了户外教育对孩子们的重要性。1.【解析】选A。A项中的childhood与上文的just20yearsago形成词汇同现,设空处后一句中的outsidetime与A项中的outdoortime形成词汇复现。2.【解析】选B。B项中的it指的是上文中的outsidetime,下文中的teachers与B项中的teachers形成原词复现,且B项中的alsobeneficial顺承上文的highertestscores...improvedattentionspans。3.【解析】选E。E项中的theseresults指的是第二段中提到的户外教育的好处,且设空处后一句中的ElizaMinnucci’skindergartenclassthere指的就是E项中的ApublicschoolinQuechee。4.【解析】选D。设空处后一句中的discreteskillsandfacts与D项中的separate...smallpieces形成词汇同现。5.【解析】选F。设空处后一句中的place与F项中的place形成原词复现,且theyneedtothinkabout...stayingwarm是对F项中complex的具体解释。