全国统考2023高考英语一轮复习练习高考题型提分练七阅读理解提能练含解析20230325188

高考题型提分练(七)　阅读理解提能练(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A　　ThevastCaspianSea,thoughsometimesclassedasalake,isthelargestlandlockedbodyofwaterintheworld.ThegatewaybetweenEuropeandAsia,itisborderedbyIrantothesouth,AzerbaijanandRussiatothewestandTurkmenistantotheeast,whileKazakhstan’sMangystauregionliestothenortheast.ManyvisitorscrowdtoCaspianSeaeveryyeartoexperienceitsbeauty.FISHINGFishingisapopularpastimeandimportantindustrythroughoutthewatersoftheCaspianSea.FromtheshoresofMangystauinKazakhstan,itispossibletorentfishingboatsorjoinfishingtourstospendadayfishingonthewater.SAILINGTheCaspianSeaisfilledwithboats,ferriesandships.ItisapopularwaytotravelfromothermajorportcitiessuchasBakuinAzerbaijantoAktau,ordownthemightyVolgaCanal.Meanwhile,onasmallerscale,boatscanberentedfromAktauforadayonthewater.WATERSPORTSThebeachesofMangystau,lappedbythewatersoftheCaspianSea,arethejumpingoffpointsformanypopularwatersports.Inthesummermonthsespecially,visitorsenjoysunbathingandtakingarefreshingdip,whilemoreactiveholidaymakerscanwindsurfandparasailtotheirhearts’delight.【文章大意】文章介绍了里海沿岸的旅游活动。1.HowmanycountriesaretherecirclingaroundtheCaspiansea?A.3.　　　　B.4.　　　　C.5.　　　　D.6.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由itisborderedbyIrantothesouth,AzerbaijanandRussiatothewestandTurkmenistantotheeast,whileKazakhstan’sMangystauregionliestothenortheast得知,里海沿岸有五个国家。\n2.Whatcanyoudoifyouwanttofishonthesea?A.Youcanbuyyourownboat.B.Youcanemployalocalfisher.C.Youcanrentafishingboat.D.Youcanbuyfishontheboat.【解析】选C。细节理解题。文章提到itispossibletorentfishingboatsorjoinfishingtourstospendadayfishingonthewater可知,如果想要捕鱼,可以租一艘渔船或参加捕鱼旅行,故选C。3.Whatwillyoudoifyouareabraveperson?A.Sunbathing.B.Diving.C.Swimming.D.Windsurfing.【解析】选D。细节理解题。文中提到moreactiveholidaymakerscanwindsurfandparasailtotheirhearts’delight可知,想冒险的游客如果想进行刺激点的活动,可以进行帆板运动或帆伞运动。B　　ChildrenofHeavenisnearlyaperfectmovieforbothchildrenandadults.Thethemeofthismovieissouniversalthatthereisnotachildwhowillnotbewide-eyedwithinterestandsuspense.　　Thefilmisaboutaboywholoseshissister’sshoes.Hetakesthemtothecobbler(补鞋匠)forrepairs,andonthewayhome,whenhestopstopickupvegetablesforhismother,ablindtrashcollectoraccidentallycarriesthemaway.Ofcourse,theboy,namedAli,isafraidtotellhisparents.Hissister,namedZahra,wantstoknowhowsheissupposedtogotoschoolwithoutshoes.Thechildrenfeverishlywritenotestoeachother,rightundertheirparents’noses.　　Theanswerissimple:ZahrawillwearAli’ssneakerstoschooleverymorning,andthenrunhomesothatAlicanputthemonforhisschoolintheafternoon.ButZahracannotalwaysrunfastenough,andAli,whoisagoodstudent,getsintroubleforbeinglatetoclass.AndthereisaheartbreakingscenewhereZahrasadlyfindsherownpreciouslostshoes,nowonthefeetoftheragpicker’sdaughter.　　ThefilmalsohasawonderfulscenewhereAliandhisfatherbicyclefromthe\nshabbyandnarrowstreetsandalleysoftheoldtowntothehigh-risesandluxuryhomeswheretherichpeoplelive.　　Thefatherhopesforworkasagardener,butheisfrightenedbythechallengeofspeakingintotheintercoms(对讲机)onthegatesofthewealthy.Hissonjumpsin,withoffersofcutting,weeding,sprayingandtrimming.Itisagreatvictory.　　Andthenthereisafootraceforthepoorchildrenofthedistrict.Thewinnergetstwoweeksinasummercampandotherprizes.Alidoesn’tcare.Hewantstoplacethird,becausetheprizeisanewpairofsneakers,whichhecangivetohissister.Theraceanditsoutcomewillbeasexcitingformanykidsasanythingthey’veseenatthemovies.　　ChildrenofHeavenisaboutahomewithoutunhappiness.It’saboutabrotherandsisterwholoveeachother,insteadoffighting.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,介绍一部伊朗的电影《天堂的孩子》,又名《小鞋子》:生活不富裕的家庭里,哥哥因为意外搞丢了妹妹唯一的一双鞋子,接下来两人轮流换穿哥哥的鞋子飞奔着错时上下学,中间几经周折,挫折连连,令人唏嘘不已,但最终得偿所愿,体现人性的关怀和温暖。故事告诉我们:贫穷固然不幸,但兄妹两人互相体恤关爱,家人之间充满爱心,简单有爱的生活就是人间天堂。4.Whydoestheauthorchoosetointroducethisfilm?A.Toshowhissympathyaboutthetwochildren.B.Topraiseapositivelifeattitudewithloveandcare.C.Toexposepovertyinthecountry.D.Tocriticisetheunequaldistributionofwealth.【解析】选B。写作目的题。从电影的内容看,反映的是伊朗一家穷人的日常生活,种种细节折射出他们生活上虽然物资匮乏,但精神富足,一家人关爱体贴,兄妹互相扶持,所以他们某种意义上是幸福的。作者肯定这种积极向上的生活态度,所以才介绍这部电影。A项作者想表达对两个孩子的同情,固然有这种因素,但这不是写作目的;B项肯定充满关爱的积极生活态度才是作者想要传递给我们的思想;C项揭露这个国家的贫穷,这个家庭的贫困是事实,但不是文章的重点,重点是想通过他们的生活告诉我们什么;D项批评财富分布的不均,世界上任何地方都存在这种现象,电影并没有着重突出这一点,所以不是重点。5.WhyisthemoviecalledChildrenofHeaven?\nA.Becausethechildrenreceivegoodlook-after.B.Becausetheirparentsworkhardtosatisfytheirdemands.C.Becausethechildrenhavedreamstofulfill.D.Becausethechildrenarepoorinlifebutrichinspirit.【解析】选D。深层理解题。解析电影的名字,明明生活贫穷,好像事事不如意,却说是生活在天堂,这不是从他们的物质生活角度出发,而是着重人们美好的心灵和一家人之间的体贴关爱,有爱的地方就是天堂。6.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“suspense”inthefirstparagraph?A.Fullofexcitementaboutthefuture.B.Feelfrightenedaboutthecrueltyoflife.C.Feelingoftensenessaboutwhatmayhappen.D.Beangryabouttheunfairsituation.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据全文内容,知道电影既感人至深又悬念不断,看的人揪心连连,所以此处表达的应该是:电影的主题思想是普世皆通的,所以即便是小孩子观看时也会睁大眼睛,满怀兴趣和悬念。A是对未来充满激动之心,应该是期待美好事情的发生,但电影里不都是美好的愿望得以实现;B是对生活的残酷感到害怕,流于片面,生活不总如人意,但幸福就存在于生活的细节之中;C对接下来要发生的事情感到紧张,这正是观影时的正常反应,因为不知道剧情会往哪里反转所以才会紧张不安;D对不公平的现象感到愤怒,就整部电影的主题思想而言,显然跑偏,故不对。7.Whatcanweexpectabouttheresultoftherace?A.Alirealizeshisdreamandgiveshissistertheshoes.B.Alibreakshispromiseandgoestothesummercamp.C.Aligetsthefirstprizeandgiveshissistertheshoes.D.Zahragetsthethirdplaceandwinsapairofshoes.【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章倒数第二段说:区里有个跑步比赛,第三名的奖品是一双鞋子,阿里对第一名不在乎,他想要的是一双还给妹妹的鞋子,故推测他会努力赢得这双鞋子,A项合适。B项从全文来看,阿里不是一个会违背初衷背叛诺言的人;C项,因为第一名的奖品是为期两周的夏令营活动和其他奖品,阿里对此不感兴趣,所以不会期待这个奖;D项,从头到尾没有提到他妹妹参加比赛。C\n　　We’relivinginaneraofloneliness.It’sontheriseintheU.S.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,morethanhalfofAmericansqualifyasloneliness.Andyet,inpublicspaces,peoplerarelymakeeyecontactorstrikeupconversations.Ifthissoundslikeyou,there’sagoodreasontokickyourunaccompaniedhabit.Youmightbehappierifyoustarttalkingtostrangers.　　Inanewpaper,researcherstriedtofigurethisoutbystudyingpeoplecommutingintoChicagoonthetrain.Somecommutersweregivenanassignmentforcommute:Theywereaskedtoeitherstrikeupaconversationwithastranger,activelyavoidcontactwithotherpeople,ordowhateverhappenednaturally.Afterward,thecommutersmailedtheresearchersaquestionnaireevaluatingtheirexperience.Theresearcherscomparedtheseresponsestoresponsesfromasecondgroupofcommuterswhowerejustaskedtoimaginestrikingupaconversationwithastranger,avoidingotherpeople,orcommutingnormally.Itturnedoutthatcommuterswhochattedwithstrangersinreallifehadthemostpleasurablecommutes—butwhencommutersimaginedthisexperience,theypictureditasuncomfortableandrateditastheworstofthethreecommuteapproaches.Thispatternofresultsdemonstratesaseveremisunderstandingofthepsychologicalconsequencesofsocialengagement,NicholasEpley&JulianaSchroederwrite.ThismisunderstandingisespeciallyunfortunategiventheaverageAmerican’slongingforsocialconnectionandthefactthatdatasuggestscommutingistheworstpartofmostpeople’sday.Youmightthinkthatwechoosetobeseparatebecauseourmemoriesofpastencounterswithstrangerstendtobenegative,butthatdoesn’tseemtobethecase.Aspartofthestudy,theresearchersaskedcommuterstoimagineapositiveconversation,anegativeconversation,andsimply“aconversation”withastranger.Thecommutersdidn’timaginethelastoneasespeciallynegative.Theauthorssuggestthatinstead,wechooselonelinessonourcommutesoutofafearofrejection.Studyparticipantsreportedaninterestintalkingtostrangers,buttheydidn’tthinkitwasreciprocated.Theythinkthechanceofsuccessfullystrikingupaconversationasaround50-50.Accordingtoallthedatatheresearchers\ngathered,however,anattemptatconnectionwasbasicallyguaranteedtosucceed.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,越来越多的人会感到孤独,很少在公共场合与他人交谈,一项新的研究以芝加哥地铁上通勤的乘客为对象,结果表明与陌生人聊天能够使通勤变得愉快,我们之所以在通勤途中选择独处是因为害怕被拒绝,害怕得不到回应,而研究数据表明,只要试图交流基本都能成功。8.Howdidthecommuterspresenttheirexperiencetotheresearchers?A.Bytakingphotos.B.Bywritingajournal.C.Byshootingashortvideo.D.Bymailingaquestionnaire.【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文章第二段“thecommutersmailedtheresearchersaquestionnaireevaluatingtheirexperience.”可知通勤的乘客将一份评估他们体验的问卷调查寄给研究人员,故答案为D项。9.Accordingtotheresearch,whowillmostenjoytheircommutes?A.Thosewhotalkwithstrangersinreality.B.Thosewhohaveaninterestingossiping.C.Thosewhohaveanimaginarytalkwithothers.D.Thosewhoavoidmakinganysocialconnections.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章第三段“Itturnedoutthatcommuterswhochattedwithstrangersinreallifehadthemostpleasurablecommutes”结果证明那些在现实生活中与陌生人聊天的通勤乘客的通勤最愉快,故答案为A项。10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“reciprocated”inthelastparagraph?A.Ignored.B.Approved.C.Responded.D.Thought.【解析】选C。词义推测题。从文章最后一段“Theythinkthechanceofsuccessfullystrikingupaconversationasaround50-50.”他们认为成功聊天的概率是50%可知,他们认为聊天不会被回应,故答案为C项。11.Whatdoestheresearchsuggest?A.Fewpeoplehaveaninterestintalkingtostrangers.\nB.Anattempttostartaconversationbasicallysucceeds.C.Peopleconsideritalmostimpossibletostrikeaconversation.D.Peopleprefertobesolitaryduetothenegativepastmemories.【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章最后一段最后一句“Accordingtoallthedatatheresearchersgathered,however,anattemptatconnectionwasbasicallyguaranteedtosucceed.”根据研究人员收集的数据显示,只要你试图去交流,基本都能成功,可知答案为B项。D　　NASAisaskingpeopletohelpitlabelthousandsofphotosfromMars.ThelabelswillbeusedtotrainacomputersystemtorecognizedifferentsurfacesonMars.ThiswillhelpNASAdriveitsrovers(漫游车)safelyforlongerperiodsoftime.　　LearningmoreaboutthemakeupofthelandonMarsisveryimportantforprotectingNASA’sroversontheredplanet.In2009,arovercalledSpiritgotstuckinasandtraponMarsandnevermanagedtogetout.NASA’sCuriosityRoverhasbeenonMarsforeightyears.Ithassentbackhundredsofthousandsofpictures,aswellasinformationthathashelpedscientistsgetamuchbetterunderstandingofwhatMarsisreallylike.ButCuriosityfacesaproblem—itswheelsarewearingout,andthere’snochanceofgettingthemreplaced.　　Tomakethewheelslastaslongaspossible,NASAneedstogetevenbetteratidentifyingdifferentkindsofMarsgroundsurfaces,soitcanchoosesmoothpathsforCuriosity.ThespaceagencyisaskingordinarypeopletohelpitlabelthousandsofphotosfromMars.ThelabelswillbeusedtotrainanartificialintelligencecomputerprogramtoidentifydifferentkindsofgroundsurfacesonMars.　　NASAisworkingwithZooniverse,awebsitethatallowsscientiststogethelpfromlargegroupsofordinarypeople.ThetwohavesetupaspecialsitecalledAI4Mars.VisitorstothesitearetaughthowtoidentifydifferentkindsofgroundonMars.Therearefourdifferentcategories:sand,soil,largeflatrocks,andbigrocksrisingoutoftheground.ThenvisitorsareaskedtodrawoutlinesonpicturesofMars,andlabeltheoutlinedareas.Sofar,theprojectisabout34%complete.Nearly4,000volunteershavelabeledaround140,000areasinphotosofMars.\n【文章大意】美国宇航局要求人们帮助它标记数千张来自火星的照片。这些标签将用于训练计算机系统来识别火星上的不同表面,这将有助于美国宇航局的火星漫游车更安全、更持久地使用。12.WhyarepeopleaskedtohelplabelMars?A.TolearnaboutthesurfacesofMars.B.TohelpNASAreduceheavyburden.C.ToprotectNASA’sroversonMars.D.Tosavetheroverstrappedinsand.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知,美国宇航局要求人们帮助标记火星照片是为了保护火星上的漫游车。故选C。13.WhatisintendedtoshowbymentioningSpiritroverinParagraph2?A.InformationaboutthegroundsurfacesonMars.B.ImportanceofknowingaboutthesurfacesonMars.C.DangersofNASA’sroversonMars.D.BiglossesofNASA’sroversonMars.【解析】选B。推理判断题。文中第二段提到2009年一辆名为“精神”的火星漫游车被困在火星上的沙坑里,再也没有成功走出,目的就是要证明本段第一句话“LearningmoreaboutthemakeupofthelandonMarsisveryimportantforprotectingNASA’sroversontheredplanet.”更多地了解火星上的陆地构成对于保护美国宇航局在火星上的漫游车非常重要。故选B。14.WhatcanweinferabouttheprojectoflabelingMarsfromthelastparagraph?A.Itiseasy.B.Itisrewarding.C.Itistime-consuming.D.Itisdemanding.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Sofar,theprojectisabout34%complete.Nearly4,000volunteershavelabeledaround140,000areasinphotosofMars.”可推断出,这项工程是耗时的。故选C。15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OrdinaryPeopleIdentifyGroundSurfacesonMarsB.NASAisWorkingWithZooniverseC.VolunteersAreLabelingMars\nD.NASAWantsHelpinLabelingMars【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据全文大意,尤其首段第一句话“NASAisaskingpeopletohelpitlabelthousandsofphotosfromMars”可知D选项适合本文标题。Ⅱ.阅读填句　　Doyouhaveahardtimerememberingwhatyouread?　1　.Youmayhavejustreadthetext,buttheideas,conceptsandimagesmayflyrightoutofyourhead.Hereareafewtricksforrememberingwhatyouread. ●Areyouconfused?Iftheplot,characters,orwordusageisconfusingforyou,youprobablywon’tbeabletorememberwhatyouread.It’sabitlikereadingsomethinginaforeignlanguage.Ifyoudon’tunderstandwhatyou’rereading,howwouldyourememberit?　2　Youcanuseadictionaryoraskpeersforhelp. ●　3　 Doesacharacterremindyouofafriend?Doesthesettingmakeyouwanttovisittheplace?Doesthebookinspireyou,andmakeyouwanttoexploremore?Asforsomebooks,youmayfeelaconnectionrightaway.Butotherbooksrequireabitmoreworkonyourpart.Howwillingareyoutomaketheconnectionshappen?●Readit,hearitandbeit.Readthelines.Then,speakthemoutloud.And,putsomecharactersintothewords.Whenhewaswritinghisnovels,CharlesDickenswouldactoutthepartsofthecharacters.He’dmakefacesinthemirror,andchangehisvoiceforeachcharacter.　4　 ●Howoftendoyouread?Ifyoureadfrequently,you’llprobablyhaveaneasiertimewithrememberingwhatyou’rereadingandwhatyou’veread.　5　Asyoumakereadingaregularpartofyourlife,you’llmakemoreconnections,staymorefocusedandunderstandthetextbetter.You’lllearntoenjoyliteratureasyourememberwhatyouread. A.Areyouconnected?B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Askyourselfquestions.\nD.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.E.Memoryissometimesatrickything.F.Butthereareafewthingsthatcanhelpyou.G.Youcandothesamethingwhenyouarereadingthetext.【文章大意】本文讲述的是记住阅读内容的技巧。1.【解析】选E。过渡句。承上启下,“atrickything”对应着下文的“刚读完,就记不住大意等”。故选E。2.【解析】选F。过渡句。如果不理解,怎么记住呢?和下文的“有一些帮手”,构成转折关系,“afewthings”对应着下文的“useadictionaryor...”。故选F。3.【解析】选A。主旨句。下文中用三个疑问句,引出读者是否会通过人物角色、背景等与书产生联系?下文的“youmayfeelaconnection...”“Howwillingareyoutomaketheconnectionshappen?”也体现了“connection”,故选A。4.【解析】选G。细节句。“CharlesDickenswouldactout...”和“He’dmakefacesinthemirror,andchange...”对应着“dothesamething”。故选G。【易错提醒】D选项是干扰项,Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.意为:事实胜于雄辩。放在这里不合适,所以排除D选项。5.【解析】选B。过渡句。这段小标题“Howoftendoyouread?”,第一句“Ifyoureadfrequently,you’ll...”和下文的“Asyoumakereadingaregularpartofyourlife,...”都在强调阅读的频率,所以用“熟能生巧”来承上启下。故选B。