新高考2023高考英语小题必练17七选五之细节线索题20230421152

小题必练17：七选五之细节线索题细节线索题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。1.词汇复现法【典例】(2020·全国1卷七选五节选)Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.___40___Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【答案】A【解析】上文feelunworthy,don'tfeelgoodenough和feelingupset表达的意思相近，都是负面的感受，故选A项。【点拨】复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。2.词汇同现法【典例】（2020·山东卷七选五节选）8\nYourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.___19___Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.TheobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudienceF.TakethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlistenersG.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.【答案】B【解析】本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。【点拨】词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。3.代词线索法【典例】（2020·浙江卷七选五节选）Iexperiencedyearsoflonelinessasachild.___31___Hisfriendsteasedhimaboutbabysittinghissisterandhisinterestswerefardifferentfrommine.Withnootherkidsofmyageintheneighborhood,Ihadtospendhoursbymyself.A.Iwasn'taloneanylonger.B.Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.C.Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.D.Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.E.AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.F.Thus,Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.G.Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme.8\n【答案】G【解析】设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“Hisfriendsteasedhimaboutbabysittinghissisterandhisinterestswerefardifferentfrommine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“Myelderbrother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。故选G项。【点拨】英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。ASelf-improvementisuniversaltothehumanexperience.1.________Perhapsyouwanttoloseweight,improveyourskillsinacertainarea,bemorecomfortablesocially,behappier,orbemoreproductive.Whatevertheultimateimprovementdesiredisinordertoachieveit,youmaybenefitfromidentifyingyourspecificgoals,makingchanges,anddealingwithsetbacks.2.________Thinkingaboutfuturepositiveandnegativepossibilitiesenhances(增强)motivation,expectationofsuccessfulgoalcompletion,andcommitmenttoself-improvement.Thinkingaboutapositivefuturehelpsyouimaginearealityofwhereyouarethebestselfyoucanbe,whileimagininganegativerealityresultsinanawarenessofwhatmighthappenifyoudonotmeetyourimprovementgoals.Determinewhatneedsimprovementandwhatdoesn’t.Itisimportanttobespecificinyourgoals,andtoknowwhichgoalsareatoppriority.Identifyyourassets(honest,hard-working,loving,etc.)andyourliabilities(惹麻烦的事)(angry,overweight,etc.).3.________Prioritizeyourlistofgoals.Rateeachgoalfrom1-10,10beingthehighestpriorityforyou.Focusonthisgoalfirst.Getfeedback.4.________Thus,askingothers,waysyoucanimprovewillhelpyoudevelopspecificgoalsandmotivateyouonyourjourney.Makesmartgoals.5.________Forexample,yourgoalcouldbetolose20pounds8\n(specific,measurable,attainable)in3months(realistic,time-bound).Seekoutinformationonhowtopursuethatchange,informationcanbegatheredfrombooks,articles,friends,families,andprofessionals.Itisamazinghowmuchinformationyouwillfindwhenyouareready.A.It’simportanttochangeourselves.B.Imaginewhatitcouldbelikeinthefuture.C.Weallhavethingswe’dliketochangeaboutourselves.D.Smartgoalsarespecific,measurable,attainable,andrealistic.E.Thismayhelpyouidentifywhereyoucanmakethemostimprovement.F.Whatyouwantedtoimproveyourselfhappenedinthemid-nightsomehow.G.Reflectingwhattoimprovehelpsindividuals’performance,andenhancesgoal-achievement.【答案】1-5CBEGD【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何自我提升的几点建议。1.空前提到自我提升是人们普遍都有过的经历，空后列举了一些可能要提升的方面。C.Weallhavethingswe’dliketochangeaboutourselves.我们每个人都有要改变的地方。起到承前启后的作用，并且选项中的“changeaboutourselves”和前句中的“Self-improvement”表述相一致。故选C。2.后文中的“Thinkingaboutfuturepositive”（积极地思考未来）暗示了此处说的是关于未来方面的内容，B选项“Imaginewhatitcouldbelikeinthefuture”与后文中的“Thinkingaboutfuture”相一致。故选B。3.空前说确定你的资产（诚实、勤奋、有爱心等）和你的负债（愤怒、超重等），此处总结上文，说的是这样做的好处，E选项中的“This”指代前面所采取的措施。故选E（这可能有助于你确定哪些方面可以做出最大的改进）。4.根据空前的“Getfeedback”（得到反馈）可知，此处承接上文，说的是收到应该怎么改进的信息反馈有助于改变个人的表现、增强成就感。G选项中的“improve”、“goal-achievement”与后文中的“improve”、“specificgoals”相一致。故选G（反思需要改进的内容有助于个人的绩效，提高目标的实现）。5.根据空前的“smartgoals”和空后的“specific，measurable，attainable，realistic”可知，此处说的是聪明的目标的具体特征，故选D（聪明的目标应当是具体的、8\n可量化的、可实现的、现实的）。BAnendangeredspeciesisagroupofanimalsthatcouldsoonbecomeextinct.6.Manyspeciesarenearlyextinctandcoulddisappearoffthefaceoftheearthverysoonifwedon’tdoanythingtosavethem.Therearemanyreasonswhyspeciesbecomeendangered.Habitatdestructionisthemainreasonwhyanimalsbecomeendangeredandthishappensintwoways.Whenhumansmoveintoanewarea,theanimals’habitatisdestroyedandthereisnowhereforthemtoliveandnothingtoeatbecausehumanschopdowntreesandbuildhousesandfarms.7.Chemicalsinriversandpoisonsonfarmscausethedestructionofanimals’homesandfoodsupplies.8.Animalshavebeenbroughttotheedgeofextinctionbecausetheyarekilledfortheirhighly-valuedmeat,fur,bonesorskin,orjustforsport.Overfishinghasresultedinmanylargeseacreatureslikewhalesandsharksbecomingendangeredspecies.Sowhatcanindividualsandgovernmentsdotoprotectendangeredspecies?Weshouldtakecarenottopollutenaturalareas,andfarmersorcompanieswhodestroyanimalhabitatsshouldfaceseverefinancialpenalties.9.Governmentscanhelp,too,bymakingitagainstthelawtohunt,fishortradeinendangeredspecies.10.A.Animalhabitatsarealsodestroyedbecauseofpollution.B.Endangeredspeciesarealsotheresultofhuntingandfishing.C.Eventually,allthecreaturesonEarthwillenjoybeingtogether.D.Recentchanges,however,havehelpedtoimprovethesituation.E.Thepubliccanhelpoutbyrefusingtobuyanyproductsmadefromtheseanimals’bodyparts.F.Extinctionhappenswhenthelastofthespecieshasdiedoutandtherewillbenomore.G.Ifweallcooperateandtakethesesteps,wewillprotecttheseanimalsforfuturegenerations.8\n【答案】6-10FABEG【解析】6.空前一句提到濒临灭绝物种的定义，空后提到如果我们不采取行动保护他们，许多物种会灭绝。空前和空后都提到extinct，F项中提到灭绝（extinction）产生的条件，故选F。7.空前主要讲述动物的栖息地遭到破坏，表现在两个方面，第一个方面是由于人类每到新的地方就砍树建房子种田；空后提到河里的化学品，庄稼的农药这些污染物破坏了动物的家园和食物，这些都是污染的范畴，是第二个方面，故选A。8.根据后文killedfortheirhighly-valuedmeat,fur,bonesorskin,orjustforsport和Overfishing可知，动物濒临灭绝的其他原因，就是捕猎和过度捕鱼。故选B。9.本段主要说明政府和个人如何保护濒临灭绝的动物，空后提到政府的做法，本空填个人（公众）的做法，更能衔接前后文。故选E。10.空格设在最后一句，起到总结的作用。G项thesesteps指代前面提到的一系列保护动物的方式。故选G。CWhenplanningforanewjob,manypeoplewillgothroughajobinterview.11._____Fearoftheunknown,fearofpublicrejectionandfearofpersonalcriticismallcometogetherinonemeeting.Sohowshouldyouprepareforajobinterview?It'softenacombinationofcarefulresearch,psychologyandanabilitytothinkonyourfeet.Onewayistodoagreatdealofresearch,likefindingtherequirementsofthejob,thecompany'sproductlines,theindustry'sstandardsalaryfortheposition,theinterviewer,etc.Whendoingresearch,don'tforgettolearnaboutwhetheryouhaveuniquequalificationsfortheposition.12.______Thus,prepareyouruniqueaspectswhichwillmakeyoustandoutamongintervieweesaheadoftime.13.______Doyouexpressyourideasclearly?Doyouactivelylistentoothers?Howyouperformintheinterviewwillleaveadeepimpressionontheinterviewers.Somejobseekersprepareforajobinterviewbyconductingtheirownmock(模拟的）interviews.Atrustedfriendorevenaprofessionaljobcoachcanactasaninterviewer,askingmanyofthesamequestionsarealinterviewermightask.Inviewofyourperformance,thesepeoplemaybeabletopointoutyourtroublespots.8\n14.______There'realsonumerousresourcesjobseekerscanusetoprepareforajobinterview.15.______Manycitiesalsohaveprogramshelpingfirst-timeworkersfindjobs.Theymayofferclassesonhowtoprepareforajobintervieworprovidejobcoacheswhocanconductmockinterviews.A.Youshouldconsiderhowtobequalified.B.Self-helpbooksmaybeavailableatpubliclibraries.C.Anotherwayistoworkonyouroutwardappearance.D.Itcanbeoneofthemoststressfuleventsinaperson'slife.E.Then,youcanimproveyourselfbyovercomingyourweaknesses.F.Observinghowyoucommunicatewithothersisequallyimportant.G.Aninterviewer'sjobistorecommendthebestqualifiedapplicants.【答案】11-15DGFEB【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章为准备面试的人介绍了几种方法。11.空前一句提到“当计划找一份新工作时，很多人都会经历面试”，此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，结合空后“对未知的害怕，对大众拒绝的害怕和对个人批评的害怕都在面试中体现”，由此可知，面试是让人害怕，有压力的事情，所以D项“在一个人的生活中，它可能是最有压力的事情之一”切题，该项中的It指代上文的jobinterview。故选D项。12.空前提到做研究时，不要忘记了解你是否具备与某个职位相关的特殊资质，根据空后“所以，准备你特殊的方面，这会让你在众多面试者中提前脱颖而出”，所以此空与上下文存在因果关系，G项“面试官的工作就是推荐最适合的申请者”解释了为什么要了解自己是否具备与某个职位相关的特殊资质，符合上下文逻辑关系，故选G项。13.此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，根据本段后面内容expressyourideasclearly及activelylistentoothers可知，本段是讲述沟通的重要性，F项“观察你如何与别人沟通也同样重要”切题，故选F项。14.此空设于段尾，与上文存在顺承关系。空前一句提到，模拟面试中，他人可能会指出你的缺陷，然后，你就能克服自己的缺点，提升自己。E项中“yourweaknesses”与空前“yourtroublespots”呼应，故选E项。15.8\n根据本段首句“有大量供找工作的人可以使用的资源来让他们准备面试”可知，接下来应该具体讲述帮助人们准备面试的资源，B项“在公共图书馆或许能找到自学的书”与空后“很多城市也有帮助第一次找工作的人的项目”并列，都是讲具体的帮助面试的资源。故选B项。8