统考版2023高考英语二轮复习备考小题提升精练9语法填空专训含解析20230331140
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语法填空专训小题必练9:语法填空专训(2020·全国I卷)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct).”Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.【答案】61.touched62.extremely63.where64.interest65.than66.tofind67.means68.isconstructed69.much70.its【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了中国成功地将无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器发射至月球。61.考查动词。根据句子结构分析可知此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语lastweek可知此处应用一般过去时,故填touched。\n62.考查形容词。根据句子成分分析可知此处需要用副词修饰形容词challenging,故填extremely。63.考查定语从句。分析句子可知,从句“itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth”不缺主谓宾,缺状语,而先行词spot为地点,故填where。64.考查名词。根据beof+名词相当于形容词的结构,可知此处应用名词,故填interest。65.考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级,故填than。66.考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式表示目的,故填tofind。67.考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,此处为陈述一般事实,故用一般现在时,且主语为it,故填means。68.考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据句子成分分析可知,此句同上一句的时态,且moon与construct为被动关系,故填isconstructed。69.考查固定搭配。howmuch:多少,故填much。70.考查代词。分析句子可知,此处指它的计划,名词plans可知空格处应用it的形容词性物主代词,故填its。(2020·山东卷)Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection41(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine42(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical44(accurate)\nisimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete45people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.【答案】36.wealthy37.or38.formed39.which/that40.arecalled41.is42.themselves43.walking44.accuracy45.for【解析】本文为一篇说明文,说明了博物馆的部分藏品的来源以及其面临的挑战。36.考查形容词。根据空格后的名词与所给提示词wealth,判断此处需填形容词,故填wealthy。37.考查连词。根据空格前的untilitgottoobig与空格后的untiltheydied,判断此处为选择关系,故填or。38.考查时态。根据前文提到的时间状语inthe18thand19thcenturies,判断此处需用一般过去时,故填formed。39.考查连词。根据空格前的先行词theBritishMuseum与空格后的谓语动词opened,判断此处为定语从句的关系词,在从句中作主语,故填which/that。40.考查被动语态。根据空格前的主语theparts与所给提示词call,判断此处为被动语态,且此处表陈述事实,故填arecalled。41.考查主谓一致。根据空格前的主语asmallpart与所给提示词,判断此处为谓语动词,且主语asmallpart为单数形式,故填is。42.考查反身代词。根据空格前的主语visitors、谓语动词imagine与所给提示词they,判断此处为反身代词,故填themselves。43.考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的or,判断此处为与前面的livingatadifferenttimeinhistory为选择关系,因此此处需用v-ing形式,故填walking。44.考查名词。根据空格前的形容词Historical与空格后的系动词is,判断此处需用名词形式,故填accuracy。45.考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’ssparetimeandmoney,判断此处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语competefor,故填for。\nPassage1LiZiqi,wholivesinapicturesquevillageofsouthwestChina’sSichuanProvince,1(make)anameforherselfbymakingvariousChinesedishesonYouTubesince2016.Inhervideos,she2(graceful)worksasafarmer,impressingviewerswithherunderstandingoffood,natureandChineseculturewhileshowcasingthecharmofChinesecultureineverydetailofdailylife.HertraditionalfoodpreparationcraftandChineserurallifestylehaveattracted11.1millionsubscribersonYouTube.JustlikeLiZiqi,GrandpaAmuisalsotryingtospreaduniqueChinesetechniquestotheworld.363-yearoldChinesegrandpa’straditionalcarpentryskillsaredelightingtensofmillionsofviewersonlineashecreateswoodworkwithoutglue,screws(螺丝钉)ornails.Hismostpopularvideo,whichshowshimmakingafantasticarchbridge,4(go)viralontheplatformlastmonth,gainingmorethan42millionviews.GrandpaAmufollowsanancientChinesemortiseandtenon(榫卯)technique,5meansnoglueornailsareinvolvedintheentireprocessofbuildingthearchbridge.GrandpaAmuhasalsomadeseveral6(wood)toysforhisgrandsonusingthesametechnique.Amongalltheitems,awalkingPeppaPigandabubbleblowingtoyarehisgrandson’s7(favorite).GrandpaAmu’ssonanddaughter-in-lawnowworkfulltimeonhisvideos,8(hope)thatthepopularitywouldhelplocalvillagers9(well)selltheirfarmproduce.Althoughthemastercarpenterhasdrawnover1.18millionsubscriberssofaronYouTube,GrandpaAmuinsiststhatheisnotaninternetcelebrity10justanordinaryfarmer.【答案】1.hasmade2.gracefully3.The4.went5.which6.wooden7.favorites8.hoping9.better10.but【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了两位在YouTube上人气很高的网红李子柒和阿木爷爷。1.考查时态。句意:李子柒住在中国西南部四川省一个风景如画的村庄里,自2016年起,她\n就因在YouTube上制作各种中国菜而出名。根据时间状语since2016,since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用;句子主语LiZiqi是单数形式,助动词应用has;make是不规则变化动词,过去分词为made。故填hasmade。2.考查副词。修饰句子的谓语动词works,应该用副词形式。故填gracefully。3.考查冠词。句意:这位63岁的中国老大爷的传统木工手艺让在线数以百万计的观众惊叹,因为他制作的木制品没有胶水、螺丝和钉子。前一句中提到GrandpaAmu,此处用定冠词the特指前一句中的GrandpaAmu,句子第一个单词首字母大写。故填The。4.考查时态。句意:他最受欢迎的视频是他制作一座精致的拱桥的视频,上个月在该平台上广泛传播,点击量超过4200万次。时间状语lastmonth指过去的时间,句子谓语应该用一般过去时;go是不规则变化动词,过去式为went。故填went。5.考查定语从句关系词。句意:阿木爷爷沿用中国古代阴阳榫卯技术,这意味着在建造拱桥的整个过程中没用到胶水和钉子。分析句子结构,空格所在句是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词anancientChinesemortiseandtenontechnique,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。6.考查形容词。句意:阿木爷爷也用同样的技术为他的孙子做了一些木制玩具。修饰名词toys应该用形容词形式;wood是名词,形容词形式为wooden,意为“木质的”。故填wooden。7.考查可数名词的数。句意:在所有的物品中,一只会走路的小猪佩奇和一个吹泡泡的玩具是他孙子的最爱。favorite是可数名词;句子主语awalkingPeppaPigandabubbleblowingtoy是复数意义,因此favorite应该用复数形式。故填favorites。8.考查非谓语动词。句意:阿木爷爷的儿子和儿媳现在全职为他制作视频,希望这种人气能帮助当地村民更好地销售农产品。hope和句子的主语GrandpaAmu’ssonanddaughter-in-law是逻辑上的主动关系,此处用现在分词hoping作状语。故填hoping。9.考查副词的比较级。根据句意,此处well应该用比较级的形式,意为“更好地”;well的比较级是better。故填better。10.考查固定用法。句意:虽然到目前为止,这位木工大师阿木爷爷在YouTube上有超过1800万用户,但他坚称自己不是网红,而只是个普通的农民。根据句意,此处是并列结构not...but...意为:不是……而是……。故填but。Passage2ThesouthernareaofJiangxiprovince11(produce)teaforhundredsofyears.\nVillagersthereoftenliketosingsongswhile12(pick)tealeaves.Thebeautifultunesechoovertheteagardensinthehills.Afterover400yearsofdevelopment,thispracticehastransformedintoaperformanceart.Thetea-pickingopera,orCaichaXiinChinese,is13culturemonumentofJiangxiprovince,havingahistoryofmorethan400years.TheoperacanbeseenonspecialoccasionssuchasChineseNewYear,14thelocalsarelookingtoprayforprosperityandagoodharvest.Tea-pickingoperainsouthernJiangxiprovinceisacombinationoffolksongsanddancing.15(it)repertoire(表演剧目)isnotaboutroyalfamiliesorgovernmentofficials,16aboutthedailylivesoflocalpeople.AfterthefoundingofNewChina,17(music)createdanumberofsongsbasedontea-pickingtunesandtooktheoperatoabiggerstage.In1960s,thepopular“SeetheRedArmyoff”18(compose)bydrawinginspirationsfromoneofthe19(tradition)tunesofthesouthernJiangxitea-pickingopera.86yearsago,withthesametune,motherssawofftheirsons,andwivessawofftheirhusbandsforLongMarch.In2006,itwaslisted20anintangibleculturalheritageinChina.Tobetterkeepthetraditionandpassitonfromgenerationtogeneration,thelocalgovernmenthasprovidedfreeeducationtoteenagersinlovewithtea-pickingopera.【答案】11.hasproduced/hasbeenproducing12.picking13.a14.when15.Its16.but17.musicians18.wascomposed19.traditional20.as【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了江西的采茶戏。采茶戏是一种传统的剧目,有着悠久的历史,新中国建立以来,音乐家基于采茶曲调创造了许多歌曲。11.考查时态。句意:江西省南部地区生产茶叶已经有数百年之久。根据时间状语forhundredsofyears可知,此处表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态,用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。主语Thesouthernarea是第三人称单数,故填hasproduced或hasbeenproducing。12.考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的村民经常喜欢边摘茶叶边唱歌。分析句子结构,while12(pick)tea\nleaves是分词作状语,pick与其逻辑主语Villagers之间是主动关系,用现在分词。故填picking。13.考查冠词。句意:采茶剧,中文又叫采茶戏,是江西省的一种文化遗迹,有400多年的历史。monument“历史遗迹”是可数名词,根据句意表示泛指,culture是以辅音音素开头的词,用不定冠词a。故填a。14.考查定语从句。句意:这种歌剧可以在诸如中国新年等特殊场合看到,在那些场合当地人祈求繁荣和丰收。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是occasions,关系词在从句中作时间状语,用关系副词when,故填when。15.考查代词。句意:它的表演剧目不是关于皇室或政府官员,而是关于当地人的日常生活。修饰名词repertoire用形容词性物主代词,表示“它的”,句子第一个单词首字母大写,故填Its。16.考查连词。not...but...:不是……而是……,是固定短语,根据句意,故填but。17.考查名词。句意:新中国成立后,音乐家们根据采茶曲调创作了许多歌曲,并将这种歌剧推向了一个更大的舞台。空格处是主语,根据句意,表示音乐家,用musician,且此处是复数意义,故填musicians。18.考查时态和语态。句意:上世纪60年代,流行的《送红军》是从江南采茶戏的传统曲调中汲取灵感而创作的。分析句子可知,compose是谓语动词,与主语“SeetheRedArmyoff”是被动关系,由时间状语In1960s可推断,用一般过去时,且主语是第三人称单数,综上,故填wascomposed。19.考查形容词。修饰名词tunes用形容词作定语,故填traditional。20.考查固定短语。句意:2006年,它被列为中国非物质文化遗产。belistedas“被列为”是固定用法,根据句意,故填as。Passage3Lightningisverycommonbutoneofthemostpowerfulweatherforcestohittheearth.21(actual),everysecondabout100lightningstrikeshit22surfaceoftheearth.Insomepartsoftheworld,forexampleinIndia,summerlightningstormsareverycommon.Withtherainyseason23(begin)there,stormsoftencovermostofthecountry’snorthernarea.LastweekinJune,theReutersnewsagency24(report)lightningstrikeskilledmorethan100peopleintwoareasofIndia.Ifyouareoutside,25(expert)sayyoushouldtakecover,26meansfinding\nasafeshelterforprotection.Duringalightningstorm,noplaceoutsideissafe.Ifyouhearthunder,lightningiscloseenoughtohityou.Mostlightningvictims(受害者)areinopenareasornearatree.Ifyouare27(indoor)duringalightningstorm,youcouldstillbe28danger.Stayoffwiredphones,computersandother29(equip)thatcanputyouindirectcontactwithelectricity.Avoidanyareaswithrunningwaterandstayawayfromwindowsanddoors.SpecialistsattheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaythathelpinglightningstrikevictimscansavetheirlives.Itissafe30(touch)alightningstrikevictim.Peoplestruckbylightningdonotcarryacharge.【答案】21.Actually22.the23.beginning24.reported25.experts26.which27.indoors28.in29.equipment30.totouch【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雷击这种自然现象,是袭击地球最强大的天气力量之一。作者还介绍了正确应对雷雨天气的一些办法。21.考查副词。句意:事实上,每秒钟大约有100次闪电击中地球表面。修饰后文整个句子应用副词actually,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Actually。22.考查冠词。此处特指地球的表面,应用定冠词。故填the。23.考查非谓语动词。句意:随着雨季的开始,暴雨经常覆盖该国北部大部分地区。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”,且therainyseason与begin构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填beginning。24.考查动词时态。句意:据路透社报道,在6月最后一周,印度两个地区雷击造成100多人死亡。report在句中作谓语,结合上文“LastweekinJune”可知应用一般过去时。故填reported。25.考查名词的数。句意:如果你在室外,专家说你应该找个隐蔽的地方,也就是说找一个安全的地方躲藏。expert为可数名词,根据后文say为动词原形,可知主语为复数。故填experts。26.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子“youshouldtakecover”,且从句中缺少主语,故应用关系代词which引导,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。27.考查副词。句意:雷雨期间,如果在室内,你仍可能处于危险之中。此处与上一段中“Ifyouareoutside”形成对比,因此需用表地点的副词indoors,表示在室内。故填indoors。\n28.考查介词。结合句意表示“处于危险中”可知短语为beindanger。故填in。29.考查名词。句意:远离有线电话、电脑和其他能让你直接接触电的设备。此处作介词off的宾语,应用名词equipment,且equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。30.考查非谓语动词。句意:触碰遭雷击的受害者是安全的。此处为“Itbe+adj.+不定式短语”结构,句中的it是形式主语,因此此处用不定式作真正的主语。故填totouch。Passage4Anewstudylookedintoconversationsbetweenparentsandtheirkidswhentheyexploredacityparkaswellasanindooreducationcenter.Theyfoundthattalkingoutdoorswasmuchmoreenthusiastic31talkinginside.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofManchesterrecordedconversationsbetweenparentsand32(they)3-and4-year-oldchildren.Theyfocusedonchildrenofthatagebecausethey33(usual)havealottosay,butoftenitcanbechallenging34(hold)aconversationwiththem,researcherssaid.Butbeingoutsideseemedtohelp.“Ourresearchshowsthat35(nature)environmentscanbetterimprovesocialcommunication,36raisesthequalityofparent-childconversations,”thestudyauthorTheaCameronFaulknersaidinastatement.Thestudy37(publish)inthejournalofKnviron-mentalPsychology.Researcherssaidthattherewasobviousimprovementinconversationsheldoutside,buttheydidn’tknowwhythecommunicationflowedbetter.Oneexplanation,theysaid,isthatbeingoutsideinnature38(ease)pressureforbothchildrenandadults39createsabetteratmosphereforeasierconversations.Anotherexplanationisthattalkingoutsidemaygetgreaterlevelsofattentionbetween40(person).【答案】31.than32.their33.usually34.tohold35.natural36.which37.waspublished38.eases39.and40.persons【解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,父母与孩子在户外交流时,交流会更加畅通。31.考查介词。根据上文中的muchmoreenthusiastic可知此处表示进行比较,空格\n后是动名词短语talkinginside,故空处应填介词than。32.考查代词。句意:曼彻斯特大学的研究人员录下了父母和他们3岁和4岁孩子之间的对话。设空处后为名词children(孩子们)为名词,故设空处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故答案为their。33.考查副词。句意:研究人员说,他们关注这个年龄段的孩子,因为他们通常有很多话要说,但通常和他们交谈是很有挑战性的。设空处后为动词,故设空处应用副词作状语。故答案为usually。34.考查非谓语动词。固定结构It+is+adj+todosth:做……是怎么样的,其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式,故设空处应为todo形式。故答案为tohold。35.考查形容词。句意:我们的研究表明,自然环境能更好地改善社会交流,从而提高父母和孩子的对话质量。设空处后为名词,故设空处应用形容词修饰名词。故答案为natural。36.考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在句中做指物的主语,先行词为communication(交流),应用关系代词which(that不能引导非限制性定语从句)。故答案为which。37.考查谓语动词的时态和语态。设空处在句中做谓语,和句子的主语之间是被动关系,study应是被发表。叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语thestudy是单数,be动词用was。故答案为waspublished。38.考查谓语动词的时态。句意:他们说,一种解释是,身处大自然中可以减轻孩子和成年人的压力,并创造一个更容易交谈的氛围。句子的主语为beingoutsideinnature(置身大自然),设空处在句中作谓语;根据主句的谓语is,可知时态为一般现在时。动名词短语作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。故答案为eases。39.考查连词。设空处后的creates(创造)和上句中的eases(减轻)并列作谓语,故应用表示并列的连接词。故答案为and。40.考查名词的数。句意:另一种解释是,在外面交谈可能会引起人们更多的注意。设空处前为介词,设空处应用名词,设空处所给词为可数名词,且前无冠词,故应用复数形式表泛指。故答案为persons。Passage5Ifyou’reinvitedtoanAmericanfriend’shomefordinner,keep41mindthesegeneralrulesforpolitebehavior.\nFirstofall,arriveapproximatelyontime(butnotearly).42(America)expectpromptness(准时).Whenyou’reinvitedtosomeone’shomeforameal,43ispolitetobringasmallgift.Flowersorcandyarealwaysappropriate.Ifyouhavea(n)44(attract)itemmadeinyournativecountry,yourhostorhostesswouldcertainlyenjoy45(receive)thatasagift.Wearingproperclothesand46beautifulsmileissimplynotenough.Tablemannersarealsoveryimportant.Donotopenyourmouthtotalk,unlessyouhaveswallowedyourfood.Also,chewfoodwithyourmouth47(close).Whenyouwanttogetthefood48isatadistance,donotstretchyourhandstoreachforit.Instead,askforthefoodtobepassedtoyou.Don’tleave49(immediate)afterdinner,butdon’toverstayyourwelcome,either.Whenyourfriendsseemtobegettingtiredandrunningoutofconversation,taketheirbehaviorasacue(暗示)toleave.Thenextday,callorwriteathank-younote50(say)howmuchyouenjoyedtheevening.【答案】41.in42.Americans43.it44.attractive45.receiving46.a47.closed48.that/which49.immediately50.tosay【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了去美国朋友家里吃饭应该记住的礼貌行为。41.考查介词。keepinmind:记住,为固定短语。故填in。42.考查名词复数。零冠词可数名词的复数表示泛指,此处“美国人”是泛指概念。故填Americans。43.考查形式主语。分析句子可知,句子真正主语为动词不定式tobringasmallgift,空格处应用it作形式主语。故填it。44.考查形容词。句意:如果你有一件本国制造的吸引人的物品,你的主人或女主人肯定会很高兴收到它作为礼物。因空格后为名词item,所以需要用形容词修饰,attract的形容词为attractive,作定语,故填attractive。45.考查非谓语动名词。enjoydoingsth“喜欢做某事”,是固定用法,所以要用receive的动名词形式。故填receiving。\n46.考查冠词。分析句子可知,句中smile为可数名词单数,空格需用不定冠词。故填a。47.考查非谓语动词过去分词。介词with可以接复合宾语,空格处close和宾语yourmouth为被动关系,需用其过去分词closed作补足语。故填closed。48.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:当你想要拿远处的食物时,不要伸手直接去拿。分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句。先行词为food,关系代词which或that引导从句,指物,在从句中作主语。故填that/which。49.考查副词。句意:不要在饭后马上离开,但也不要待得太久。空格处应用副词修饰动词leave,故需用immediate的副词形式。故填immediately。50.考查非谓语动词不定式。句意:第二天,打个电话或写封感谢信,告诉对方你昨晚过得多么愉快。分析句意可知,空格处应用动词不定式,作状语,表目的。故填tosay。
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