广东省雷州市附城中学2022届高三英语语法复习之定语从句讲练
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定语从句一.定语的概念:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语,然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)abeautifulgirl()threeboys()ashoefactory()Jim’sfather()ourteacher()themaninthecar()themanstandingatthedoor()themanwhoistalkingwithSam()二、定语从句的概念及主要特征:1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后;引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman. 2.定语从句的主要特征:(1)先行词要在定语从句中充当一定的成分;(2)what永远不能引导定语从句;(3)翻译时先译从句,翻译成“…….的”三.定语从句的分类四、定语从句的基本用法:1.定语从句的引导词(指代类型及其在定语从句中的句子成分)引导词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。2.思考下列问题:1.TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.分析:关系词______在从句中作________。2.MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.分析:关系词_______在从句中作________。3.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. 分析:关系词_________在从句中作________。4.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters. 分析:关系词__________在从句中作________。5.Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析:关系词________在从句中作________。6.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 分析:关系词__________在从句中作________。7.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 分析:关系词__________在从句中作________。8.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. 分析:关系词_________在从句中作________。=(9)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(10)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.五.定语从句考查重点:(一)定语从句在下列情况下只能用that,而不能用which指物。(指人时可以用who/whom)1.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如:ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen. ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. 2.当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如:HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid? Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld. Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupsomeinformationthattheyneeded. 3.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时。如:ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy. Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns. 4.当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如:Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate? WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost? 5.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet. 思考:什么时候只能which而不能用that呢?1.在___________中;2.在____________之后。(二)关系代词的省略:Thefactorywevisitedyesterdaywasreallyold.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)ThemanyoujusttalkedtowasmyEnglishteacher.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)当关系代词在从句中作_________时可以省略。(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose1.Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=Thisistheboy________________Iplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男(四)非限制性定语从句中,先行词为整个句子,可用as或引which导,例如:Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.注意:(1)as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思,which有“这,这一点”(2)当先行次受such,thesame修饰时,常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.六:思考总结1.“介词+which”结构中,介词应该如何选择?______________________________________________________________________________2.As和which指代整个句子时,有什么区别?______________________________________________________________________________3.定语从句解题步骤:______________________________________________________________________________七:高考链接 3.(2022年)Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder_____hadbeenhisteacher.6.(2022)Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach24____wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.7.(2022)Nick’sguests,20______________hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.8. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? 八.易错题:用适当的连接词填空。1.(1)Thisisthehouse_________Ioncelived. (2)Thisisthehouse_________Ioncevisited. 2.(1)Iwon’tforgetthedays______westudiedinthecollege. (2)Iwon’tforgetthedays______wespenttogether. 4.(1)Thereason_______heexplainedtomeisunreasonable. (2)Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreason______hewaslateforschool. 5.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom_____windowfacestotheeast.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_____isinthenorthofthecity.(3)Hestilllivesintheroom_____thereisabeautifultable.改错题:1.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.2.Heoftenhelpsthestudentswhicharenotquickattheirstudies.3.I’ll show you the magazine who I bought the other day. 4.Our teacher lives in the house whichdoor faces to the north .5.Is there anything whichI can do for you, sir ? 6.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2022,thatmadeoneoftheChinesepeople'slonghelddreamscometrue.7.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosethataregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.8.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,itisveryinteresting.9.Pleasesendusalltheinformationwhichyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.10.Untilnow,wehaveraised(收集)50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,thatisquiteunexpected.
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