高中英语高考复习被动语态专项练习（附参考答案和相关知识讲解）

新高三被动语态专项练习班级考号姓名总分（一）语法填空1.It_____(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).2.Theartistwassurehewould_____(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.3.Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,_____(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.（二）单句语法填空1.Anewmuseum________(build)here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.2.Yourarticle________(read)verywell.3.Theflowerneeds________(water)．4.Hundredsofjobs________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.5.Manyaway________(use)topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.6.Theyarenovels,playsandpoemsthat________(write)alongtimeagoandweresowellwrittenthatpeoplestillreadthemnowadays.7.Ihavebeeninformedthattheexhibition___________(hold)nextweek.8.Manyastudent________(send)toplanttreessofar.9.Ifyouarecaughtsmokinginthisarea,you__________(fine)bythepolice.10.Whatwillyoudoifyou__________(bite)bymosquitoesatthisverymoment?（三）语法填空1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon________(construct)．”5\n2.(2020·浙江高考)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood________(need)．3.(2016·高考上海卷)Inrecentyears,stress______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness4.(2020高考全国卷III)Theartistwassurehewould_____(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.5.(2017·高考全国卷II)Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.6.(2016·高考上海卷)Inrecentyears,stress______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness（四）语法填空Thefirstzoo_1________(establish)around3,500yearsagobyanEgyptianqueenforherpersonalenjoyment.Fivehundredyearslater，aChineseemperor2________(build)ahugezootoshowhispowerandwealth.Laterzoosweresetupforthepurposeofstudyinganimals.SomeoftheearlyEuropeanzoos3.____________(consist)ofdarkholesordirtycages，thebadconditionsofwhichmadepeopledisgusted.Laterthezoos4.(replace)byresearchcentersandanimalstherewerestudiedand5(keep)ingoodcondition.Theseplacesbecamethefirstmodernzoos.Asearlyasthe1940s,scientists6.__________(understand)thatmanykindsofwildanimalsfacedextinction.Sincethen，zoos7.____________(try)tosavemanyendangeredspecies，butrelyingonzoos8.__________(save)speciesisnotenough.Thebestmethodofprotectionistoleavethemintheirnaturalhabitat.Todayanimalsinlargeandnaturalreservesarefedabalanceddietand9.___________(watch)carefullyforanysignofdisease.Withspeciallytrainedkeeperslookingafterthemandsomehospitalswheretheycanreceivetreatmentwhenill，alltheanimalsthereliveacomfortablelife.Anyway，itistruethatzoobreedingprogramshaveplayedanimportantrolein10.___________(protect)manyspeciesofwildlife.5\n附：参考答案（一）1．【答案】wasbuilt【解析】考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据originally和theTangdynasty可知，build这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语为it，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填wasbuilt。2.【答案】bechosen【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个艺术家确定他会被选上，但是当他把他的作品呈献给皇上的首席大臣时，这个老人却笑了。从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系，设空前有情态动词would,故填bechosen。3.【答案】hasproven/hasproved【解析】考查动词的语态和时态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处应是but连接的并列句的谓语动词，根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为Lincoln'shome，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；根据设空处后的形容词irresistible可知，prove应是系动词，意为“证明是”，没有被动语态。prove的过去分词有proved和proven两种形式。故填hasproven/hasproved。（二）1.isbeingbuilt　2.reads　3.watering/tobewatered4.willbelost5.hasbeenused6.werewritten7.willbeheld8.hasbeensent9.willbefined10.arebeingbitten（三）1.means;isconstructed2.wasneeded3.hasbeenregarded4.bechosen5.wereused6.hasbeenregarded（四）1.wasestablished2.built3.consisted4.werereplaced5.kept6.understood7.havebeentrying8.tosave9.arewatched10.protecting5\n附：知识讲解1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)同时对被动语态和时态的考查。(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了to，变成被动语态时，需加上to。②ThebossmadeJimworkalldaylong.→Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)．老板让吉姆整天都工作。(3)短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。③Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.你应该注意你的发音和拼写。(4)情态动词，begoingto,beto,besureto,haveto等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。④Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时，被动语态有两种形式：a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。b．用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。⑤Peoplesayheisasmartboy.→Heissaidtobeasmartboy.→Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.据说他是个聪明的男孩。⑥PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.→PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.→ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。类似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...2．不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have，own，belongto等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。3.主动形式表被动含义(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时；当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。①Thedishessmellgood.这菜闻起来味道不错。②Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布料好洗。③Thesenovelswon'tsellwell.这些小说不畅销。④Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。5\n⑤Thedoorwon'tlock.这门无法关上。(2)当happen,occur,breakout,takeplace,comeabout,workout等动词(短语)表示“发生、制定”等意思时。⑥Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.计划成功实施了。⑦Howdidthecrazysituationcomeabout?这种疯狂局面是如何发生的？(3)want,require,need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。eg.Themachinewantsrepaired.对比=Themachinewantstoberepaired.这台机器需要修理了。(4)beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。限(5)在“be＋形容词＋todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。⑧Thiskindofwaterisn'tfittodrink.这种水不适合饮用。⑨Thegirlisn'teasytogetalongwith.这个女孩不易相处。[注意]　betoblame（受谴责），betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动意义。4．被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况beseated坐着；behidden躲藏；belost迷路；bedrunk喝醉；bedressed穿着；bedevotedto专注于，致力于；5．被动语态与系表结构的区别此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调具体的动作或事实；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。①Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)这本书在某一家书店出售。②Thebookiswellsold.(系表结构)这本书卖得好。5