中考英语短文填空实例分析解题技巧汇总
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中考英语短文填空实例分析解题技巧汇总一、解题步骤1.略读全文短文填空与完形填空一样,属于障碍性阅读,但它的难度比完形填空还要高,因为完形填空有四个备选答案,而短文填空没有提供备选答案,要求考生既能想得到答案,还要写得对单词。所以在解题时,先略读全文,对全文有个大概了解。2.逐项填空在读完一遍之后,对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧,根据文章的大意,逐个填空。易的先填,难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。3.核对答案全部题目完成后,再复读一遍,核查答案。(1)检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。(2)检查名词要注意单复数。(3)检查形容词和副词的三个级别。(4)检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。(5)检查上下文的连贯性,以及所填词是否符合逻辑。二、解题技巧1.寻“宝”推理法寻“宝”推理法就是从上下文中找到相关的“宝”(信息点),通过逻辑推理,从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如: 【典例】ItwasafinedaylastSunday.JohnwenttoTianlongsupermarkettodosome(1)alone.Becauseitwasalittlefarawayfromhishome,he(2)hiscarthere.Soonhegotthereandfoundroomforhiscar.Heparkedhiscarandwentintothe(3)tobuythethingsheneeded.Twentyminuteslater,hefinishedshopping.Hewasveryhappyhecould(4)shoppinginlessthanhalfanhour.Atlasthetookthethingsslowlybacktothecarpark.Whatagooddayhehad!【分析】:(1)A.上下寻宝:从下文(倒数第二行)可寻到“宝”:“hecouldfinishshoppinginless...”。B.判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填shopping。C.检查复核:shopping此处是不可数名词,不用+s。(2)A.上下寻宝:从下文(本空的后一句)可寻到“宝”:“Soonhegot…forhiscar”。B.判定答案:经过逻辑推理,只有开车去超市,才要找停车位,故确定答案填drive。C.检查复核:drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时,所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。(3)A.上下寻宝:从上文(第一行第二句)可寻到“宝”:“Tianlongsupermarket”。B.判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填supermarket。C.检查复核:supermarket此处是可数名词,但此处没有复数的概念,不用+s。2.搭配法 根据短语,句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如:【典例】Withtheenvironmentbecomingworseandworse,moreandmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Buttherearestillsomepeoplepayingless(1)toit.Theyarestilldoingsomethingharmfultotheenvironment.LastSundayIwenttothePlantGardentoenjoy(2).WhenIsteppedintothegateofthegarden,IfeltcomfortableatfirstbecauseIcouldbreathethefreshairandenjoythebeautifulflowersandtrees.Buttomy(3),Isawamanlyinginasleepnethanging(4)twotrees.Ithoughtthiskindofbehaviorwouldhurtthetrees.Howcouldhemakemoneybyhurtingthetreeslikethis?Withouttrees,howcouldwegetthefreshair?Idon’tknowhowtoexpressmyanger.Ithink(5)isourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.Sosomethingmustbedonetostopthiskindofbehavior.【分析】:(1)A.寻找搭配:从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配:“payattentionto”。B.判定答案:由搭配可知,此处填attention一词。C.检查复核:attention代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且attention是不可数名词,不用+s。(2)A.寻找搭配:从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配:“enjoyoneself”。B.判定答案:由搭配可知,此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I,所以此处填myself。C.检查复核:myself 代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且myself没有词形变化。3.前后关系判断法根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。【典例】:Atourschool,wesometimeshaveaspecialdaytohelpothers.Wecalltheday“VolunteerDay”.Onthatday,weoftengototheoldpeople’shome(1)helpthemdothehousework.Theoldpeoplewereveryhappy(2)everyyearweorganizethiskindofactivitiesseveraltimes.(3)wedon’tdomuchforthem,theywerethankfultous.Theywerelonely,theyneededpeopletovisitthemoftenandchattedwiththem.(4)everyonecandosomethingforthelonelyoldpeople,theywillbehappier.【分析】:(1)A.分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“weoftengototheoldpeople’shome”。第二部分“helpthemdothehousework”.B.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:两部分之间是并列关系,要填and;或者第二部分“helpthemdothehousework”是“weoftengototheoldpeople’shome”的目的。要填to。C.检查复核:and或to代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and或to。(2)A.分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“theoldpeoplewereveryhappy”。第二部分“everyyearweorganizethiskindof activitiesseveraltimes”.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系,此处要填表原因的词because。C.检查复核:because代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。(3)A.分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“wedon’tdomuchforthem”。第二部分“theywerethankfultous”.B.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:虽然我们为他们做的不多,但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系,故要填Though.C.检查复核:Though代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。(4)A.分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“everyonecandosomethingforthelonelyoldpeople”。第二部分“theywillbehappier”.B.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情,他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系,要填If。C.检查复核:If代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。三、强化练习1阅读短文,根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空,使短文语意通顺。(每小题1分,共10分)Wecan’tremember(61)_______(clear)sincewhenwestartedtotakeourmobilephonestoadinnertable.Thishappensalot,especially whenweeatout.Once(62)d______come,wetakeoutourmobilephonesandtakephotos(63)i_________ofliftingourchopsticks.Later,wepostthephotosontoWeboorWechat,(64)________(wait)tobe“liked”.Thenwecheckedourmobilephonesfromtimetotimeduringthemeal,tosee(65)w________weget“liked”ornot.Wejustcannotleaveourmobilephonesforsimplyameal.Doesthatsoundfamiliartoyou?Doyoudothatoften?Ifnot,howdoyoufeelwhenothersdothatwhenhavingdinnerwithyou?Arecentstudy(66)________(suggest)thatwhatweareusedtodoingisnotthatgood.Spendingtimetakingphotosoffoodmakesthefoodlesspleasant.So,(67)w________notstoptakingphotosandjustenjoythefoodaheadofyou?Besidesthe(68)________(science)result,therearealsosomeotherbadinfluencesoftakingphotosoffoodbeforemeals.AfterpostingthephotosontotheInternet,onewillbeunabletocontrolhimselfandcheckhismobilephonemanytimes.“Doeseveryoneacceptmyphotos?Ihopealotofpeoplelikethem!”Itseemslikeyourmobilephonesecretlyclassyournameallthetime,evenwhenyouare(69)w_______realpeople.So,nexttimeyougoouttohavedinner,howaboutnottakingphotosoffood?Letthefoodbedeliciousasitisandshareyourlifewithothers.Trustme,anditwillbea(70)________(wonder)time. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象,人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐,不是和朋友聊聊天,而是首先拿起手机拍照发微博或微信,然后做起了“低头党”,作者认为这样严重影响就餐并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机,而是单纯的享受美食。61.【答案】clearlyremember为行为动词,后用副词修饰,故把形容词clear改为副词clearly。62.【答案】dishes由句意,一旦菜上上来了,人们开始取出手机拍照,故填dishes。63.【答案】insteadinsteadof意为“代替;而不是”,即人们开始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。64.【答案】waiting由上下文,发完微博或微信后,等着被“点赞”,等待的动作之伴随而进行的,故填现在分词。65.【答案】whether由句末ornot可知此处应该填whether,意为“…去看是否被点赞…”.66.【答案】suggestsArecentstudy为单数,故动词suggest用三单式。67.【答案】whyWhynot+动词原形?意为“为什么不….?”常用于提建议。68.【答案】scientific此处需用形容词修饰名词result,故把名词science改为形容词scientific。69.【答案】withbewith意为“和….在一起”。70.【答案】wonderful/morewonderful由句意 :相信我,那将是一段难忘(更难忘)的时光。2(2018·湖北黄冈)综合填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(提示:每空不超过三个单词)EachdifferentpartofChinahasitsownspecialformsoftraditionalart.Theseusuallytrytoshowthethings70areimportantinlife,suchaslove,beautyandfamily.Themostcommonthings,frompapertoclaytobamboo,areturnedintoobjectsofbeauty.AccordingtoChinesehistory,skylanternswerefirstusedbyZhugeKongming.Hesentthemout71(ask)forhelpwhenintrouble.Today,skylanternsareusedatfestivalsandothercelebrations.They72(make)ofbambooandcoveredwithpaper.Whenthelanternsarelit,theyslowlyriseintotheairlikesmallhot-airblloonsforalltosee.Theyareseenasbrightsymbolof73(happy)andgoodwishes.Papercutting74(be)aroundforover1500years.Papercutingsoundsveryeasy75itcanbedifficulttodo.Thepaper,usuallyred,isfoldedbeforeitiscutwithscissors.Themostcommonpicturesareflowers,animals,andthingsaboutChinesehistory.DuringtheSpringFestival,theyareputonwindows,doorsandwalls76symbolsofwishesforgoodluckandahappynewyear.Chineseclayartisfamousbecausetheclaypiecesaresosmallbut theylookveryreal.ThepiecesareusuallycutechildrenorlivelycharactersfromaChinesefairytaleorhistoricalstory.Thepiecesare77(careful)shapedbyhandfromaveryspecialkindofclayandthenallowedtoair-dry.Afer78(dry),theyarefiredataveryhighheat.Theyarethenpolishedandpainted.Ittakesseveralweeks79(complete)everything.ThesesmallpiecesofclayartshowthelovethatallChinesepeoplehaveforlifeandbeauty.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文,它介绍了中国传统文化中具有代表性的孔明灯、剪纸和泥塑等文化艺术。通过对传统中国文化元素的介绍,了解与中国传统文化艺术有关的风俗习惯和文化背景。70.【答案】that/which考查定语从句引导词。“Theseusuallytrytoshowthethings70areimportantinlife,suchaslove,beautyandfamily.”意为“这些艺术形式通常尽力展示生活中重要的东西,例如爱、美和家庭。”由句意推知空格后是一个定语从句修饰前面的things,定语从句中修饰事物的引导词用that或which。71.【答案】toask考查非谓语动词。“Hesentthemout71(ask)forhelpwhenintrouble.”意为“当处于困境时,他就放出孔明灯求救。”ask与前面具有目的关系,英语中用动词不定式作目的状语。72.【答案】aremade考查一般现在时态的被动语态。“They72(make)ofbambooandcoveredwithpaper.”意为“它们是用竹子做的,外面用纸包裹着。”,make和they 具有被动关系,且根据前面判断句子使用一般现在时态,故填aremade。73.【答案】happiness考查名词。“Theyareseenasbrightsymbolof73(happy)andgoodwishes.”意为“它们被看做是幸福和美好祝愿的象征。”空格处单词与wishes具有并列关系,wishes在此是名词,故填happiness。74.【答案】hasbeen考查动词时态。“Papercutting74(be)aroundforover1500years.”中的forover1500years判断句子是现在完成时态。75.【答案】but考查连词。“Papercutingsoundsveryeasy75itcanbedifficulttodo.”空格前意为“剪纸听起来很容易”,空格后意为“可能很难做。”前后发生意义转折,故填but。76.【答案】as考查介词。“DuringtheSpringFestival,theyareputonwindows,doorsandwalls76symbolsofwishesforgoodluckandahappynewyear.”意为“在春节期间,人们把它们贴在窗户上、门上和墙上,作为祈求好运和新年快乐的象征。”as表示“作为”之意。77.【答案】carefully考查副词。“Thepiecesare77(careful)shapedbyhandfromaveryspecialkindofclayandthenallowedtoair-dry.”意为“这些作品通过手工,用一种非常特殊的陶土精心塑形,然后再自然晾干。”空格处单词修饰动词shape,在英语中修饰动词用副词形式,故填carefully。78.【答案】dying考查介词用法。“After78(dry),theyarefiredataveryhighheat.”意为“干了之后,再用高温烧制。”在该句中after是介词,介词后面的动词用其-ing形式,故填dying。 79.【答案】tocomplete考查固定句型。“Ittakesseveralweeks79(complete)everything.”意为“完成这一切要花费几周的时间。”take作为“花费”之意,常用于Ittakes+时间段+todosth.句型。故填tocomplete。
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