高中英语定语从句解析

高中英语定语从句解析概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子 定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.比较：Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.比较：Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.（此时只能 用which且不能省略）2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?②关系代词在从句中作表语时Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWhoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?③在therebe结构中Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.3.先行词是物(that/which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中 Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichisnewlyopentous.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,hevery,theright，thelast等所修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIwant.③先行词中既有人又有物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandheplacesthatimpressedhermost.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用that Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中：Such/so…..as….像…..一样thesame….as…和…...同样的Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.（同类事物）5.关系副词的运用(1)When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich) (2)Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)(3)Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where=inwhich)6.几个特殊的先行词(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/不填Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.比较：Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.★way在定语中作tell的宾语(2)先行词timetime表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句 Thisisthefirsttimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词whenThiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets★此时when=duringwhich在..期间(3)先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式why/forwhich/that/不填Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/不填hecannotcomehere.比较：Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromtheconference.★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语7.介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）★该结构介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$8.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid$8.(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromuniversity.(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定 Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.(4)英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuythepiano.Sheistherightpersononwhomtodepend注意：①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.8.定语从句的主谓一致(1)当先行词是oneof+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitoreveryyear.(2)当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.9.定语从句的转化 定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromTaiwan.Ilovethestories(whichwere)writtenbyHemingway.Theman(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.10.定语从句的解题方法(1)判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词，定语从句）(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词注意：①关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人：whose=the+名词+ofwhom当先行词是物：whose=the+名词+ofwhichDoyouknowtheboywhoseparents/theparentsofwhomareonholiday?I’dlikearoomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.②That引导定语从句，名词性从句和强调句型的区别:定语从句中的that:关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。强调句中的that,运用于itis/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。比较： ThisisthebookthatIamlookingfor.(that引导定语从句)ItisatBashumiddleschoolthatIhavestudiedforthreeyears.(that和前面的itis构成强调句型)Thefactthathestolethemoneysurprisedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--同位语从句)Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)Weallexpectthattheywin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)Thereasonforyourfailureisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.(that引导名词性从句--表语从句)