2021-2022学年人教版七年级英语上册中学生百科阅读15篇（含词汇）

01DaretoJump?Somepeopleliketoplaybaseball.Otherslikebasketballorsoccer.However,forsomepeople,thosesportsaren'tfunenough.Somepeoplethinkthatthebestsportsarethe1.scarysports.Sportsthatareveryscaryand2.dangerousarecalledextremesports.Bungeejumpingisanextremesport.Whenyougobungeejumping,youstartataveryhighplace.Forexample,youmightstandonabridge.Bridgesareprobablythemost3.popularplacesforbungeejumping.Averystrongropeisattachedtoyourfeet.Theotherendoftheropeistiedtothebridge.Whenyouareready,youjumpoffthebridge.Forafewseconds,youfalltowardthegroundveryfast.Afterthat,people4.pullyouup.Thefirstbungeejumpwasin1979.ThatwasinEngland.Later,thefirstbungeejumping5.companyopenedinNewZealand.Theworld'shighestbungeejumphappenedinMexico.Amanjumpedfromaspotthatwas962metershigh.Mostpeoplesaythatbungeejumpingisaveryscary6.experience.Theysaythatwhentheyarefalling,theyreallythinkthatthey'regoingto7.die.Infact,somepeopletrytobungeejump,buttheycan'tdoit.Whentheystandonthebridgeandlookdown,theygettooscared,andtheygiveup.Whydopeoplegobungeejumping?Somepeoplewantto8.conquertheirfears.Forexample,maybeapersonisafraidofbeinginhighplaces.Thatpersonmightthink,"IfIcangobungeejumping,Iwillneverbeafraidofbeinginhighplacesagain."Otherpeopleenjoybungeejumpingbecausetheysayitfeelsjustlikeflying.Somepeoplejustwanttotrysomethingnewandexciting.Bungeejumpingisverydangerous.Youshouldonlydoitwitha9.professionalteacher.Youshouldalsoonlygobungeejumpingwithgood,safecompanies.Bungeejumpingsoundscrazy,butmanypeoplelikeit.Today,peopledoitincountriesaroundtheworld.Peopledon'tjustgobungeejumpingfrombridges,either.Peoplebungeejumpfrombuildings,10.mountains,andevenhelicopters!02LearningtoFlyMaybeyouthinkthatbungeejumpingisn'texcitingenough.Ifthatishowyoufeel,thenthereisanother1.extremesportthatyoucantry.Itiscalledwingsuitdiving.Awingsuitisaspecial2.outfit.Ithaslongsleevesthatlooklikewings.Awingsuitdiveralsowearsa3.helmetandaparachute.Justlikebungeejumpers,wingsuitdiversjumpfromahighplace.However,althoughabungeejumpercanjumpfromabridgeorabuilding,awingsuitdivermustjumpfromanevenhigherplace.Abridgeorabuildingwouldbetoolow.Whenabungeejumperjumps,heorshefallsstraightdown.However,awingsuitletsaperson4.glidethroughtheair.Theairliftsthesuit'swings.Thepersonlookslikeheorsheisflying.Wingsuitdiverscangoveryfast.Theirtop5.speedismorethan225kilometersperhour.Hereisanotherdifferencebetweenwingsuitdivingandbungeejumping.Almostanybodycangobungeejumping.Afterall,bungeejumpingisscary,butit'seasy.Youjustcloseyoureyesandjump.Ontheotherhand,veryfewpeopleare6.allowedtogowingsuitdiving.Thisisbecausewingsuitdivingissodifficult.It'sveryhardto7.controlawingsuit.Inordertobecomeawingsuitdiver,apersonmust8.parachutefromanairplaneatleast200times.Ifyouhavenotdonethat,thenyou'renotallowediobuyawingsuit.Wingsuitdivingisstillpretty9.rare.It'snotas10.commonasbungeejumpingorotherextremesports.However,itisbecomingmoreandmorepopulareveryyear.Tenyearsago,veryfewpeopleknewaboutthisextremesport.Nowitseemslikeeverybodyisdiscussingit.NowthereisevenayearlyeventcalledtheWorldWingsuitChampionship.03AFrozenSportRockclimbinghasbeenapopularsportforalongtime.It'sstillpopulartoday,butnowlotofrockclimbersaretryingsomethingnew:iceclimbing.Iceclimbingisalotlikerockclimbing.Whenyougorockclimbing,youclimba1.mountain.Whenyougoiceclimbing,youclimbice.Someiceclimbersclimbfrozen2.waterfalls.Othersclimbglaciers.Stillothersclimbmountainsthatare3.coveredinice.Sometimes,theyclimbamountainthatiscoverediniceonlyinsomeplaces.Whentheyareclimbingpartsthatdon'thaveice,they'rerockclimbing.Whenthey'reclimbingpartsthathaveice,they'reiceclimbing.Aspeoplemadebetter4.equipment,iceclimbingstartedtobecomeeasierandmorepopular.In1908,aclimbermadespecialbootscalled“crampons".Thesebootsmadeiceclimbingeasierandsafer.Afterthat,morepeoplewere5.willingtotryiceclimbing.Inthe1960s,anotherclimberinventedspecial6.axes.Climberscanusetheaxestohittheice.Theaxesgointotheice.Thentheclimbercanpullhimselforherselfup.Thesedays,alotofpeoplearetakingiceclimbingclasses.Inordertogoiceclimbing,youhavetobestrongand7.healthy.Infact,someteacherssaythatyoushoulddospecialexercisesbeforeyoustarttoclimb.Here'sonegoodthingabouticeclimbing.Youcandoitineasyplacesordifficultplaces.Peoplewhowanttotrysomethingsimplecanclimbglaciersorsmallmountains.Thoseareusuallyprettyeasy.Peoplewhowanttotrysomethingmore8.challengingcanfindamoredifficultplace.Thehardestplacesareusually9.steepmountainsandfrozenwaterfalls.However,youshouldnevergoiceclimbing10.alone.Youshouldalwaysgowithateacher.Alotofpeopleloveiceclimbingbecauseit'shard.Thesepeopleliketochallengethemselves.Somesaythatwhenyougettothetopofaglacierorafrozenwaterfall,it'sthebestfeelingintheworld.04WhiteWaterRaftingMaybeyou'verowedaboatbefore.Ifyou'vedonethat,thenyouknowit'sprettyeasy.Whitewaterraftingalso1.takesplaceonaboat,butit'smuchharderandscarierthanjustrowingaboat.Araftisalong,flatboat.Yougowhitewaterraftingonaveryfastriver.Theriverusuallyhasalotofverylargerocks.It'scalledwhitewaterraftingbecausewhenfastwatergoesoverrocks,thewaterturnswhite.Usually,therearefiveorsixpeopleoneachraft.Peoplestarttheirtripona2.calmpartoftheriver.Atthe3.beginning,theboatgoesveryslowly.However,whentheraftgetstofasterpartsoftheriver,itstartsto4.travelveryfast.Astheraftismoving.thepeoplehaveto5.controlit.Theyhavetostayawayfromalloftherocks.Theyalsohavetomakesurethattheraftdoesnotfallover.Peopleoftenfallintothewater,butthat'susuallynotabigproblem.Youjusthavetoclimbbackontotheraft.Evenifyoudon'tfallintothewater,youwillcertainlygetvery,verywet.Youcangowhitewaterraftinginalmostanycountryintheworld.It'saverypopularsport.It'sfastandfun,butit'snotverydangerous.Also,youdon'tneedto6.practiceforalongtimetolearnit.Evenifyouhaveneverdoneitbefore,youcantrywhitewaterrafting.Youjustneedaraft,a7.paddle,a8.lifejacket,andagoodteacher.Ofcourse.youneedtobevery9.carefulwhenyougowhitewaterrafting,butit'snotasdangerousasbungeejumpingorwingsuitdiving.Givewhitewaterraftingatry.Itmightbecomeyournew10.hobby!05SurfingintheSandYouknowallaboutsnowboarding,skiing,andsurfing.Thosesportsareverypopular.Butlet'ssaythatyoudon'tlivenearanysnow.Let'ssaythatyoudon'tlivenearthebeach.Whatcanyoudo?Thereisonethingthatyoucantry.Itisan1.extremesportcalledsandboarding.Sandboardingisalotlikesnowboarding,butyoudon'tdoitinsnow.Youdoitinthesand.Whenyouskiorsnowboard,yougodownamountain.Whenyousandboard,yougodowna2.dune.Aduneisamountainthatis3.madeofsand.Totrythissport,allyouneedisasandboard.Asandboardisvery4.similartoasnowboardorasurfboard.Itislong,hard,andflat.Becausesandboardingisn'taspopularassnowboarding,sandboardsarehardertofind.Ofcourse,sandboardingispopularinhotcountries.Forexample,inAustraliathereis5.almostnosnow.Thatiswhysandboardingisbecomingabigsportthere.SandboardingisalsopopularinSouthAfrica,Egypt,andDubai(oneoftheUAEemirates).It'snotas6.popularincoldcountries.Justlikewingsuitdiving,sandboardingisasmallsportthatisgettingmoreandmorepopular.Rightnowthereisn'tan7.internationalsandboarding8.championship.ButcountrieslikeAustralia,Dubai,andEgyptallhavesandboardingclassesforpeoplewhowanttolearn.InthewesternUnitedStates,thereisaplacecalledSandMasterPark.Itisa9.privateparkthatisjustforsandboarding.Thereareeasydunesandhardones.Theparkalsohasclassesandshows.Sandboardingwillprobablyneverbeaspopularasskiingorsnowboarding.However,ithasoneverybig10.advantage.Youcanonlygosnowboardinginthewinter.Afterthesnowisgone,youcan'tkeepdoingyourhobby.Ontheotherhand,youcangosandboardingallyearround.06GettingReadyforFormula1Lotsofpeoplelovedriving,butveryfewpeoplelikedrivinginthecity.Afterall,nobodylikes1.trafficjams,noise,orbaddrivers.Ifyouleavethecityandgoonawidecountyroad,drivingcanbegreat.Ifyouareintraffic,itcanbeterrible.Go-kartingisagood2.solutiontothisproblem.Ago-kartisasmallvehiclethatisvery3.similartoacar.Justlikeacar,ago-karthasasteeringwheel,fourtires,andanengine.However,ago-kartisn'tasfastoras4.powerfulasacar.Acar'sengineuses5.gasoline.Mostgo-kartenginesuseelectricity.Also,mostgo-kartsareonlybigenoughforoneperson.Finally,weonlydrivego-kartsforonereason:They'refun!Peopledrivego-kartsonprivate6.tracks.Tracksaregreat,becauseyoudon'tneedtoworryaboutothercars.Ifyou'reonatrack,youonlyhavetoworryaboutothergo-karts.Onatrack,youcandriveasfastasyouwant.Mostgo-karttracksare7.surroundedbyawall.Usually,thewallismadeoftires.Thisisbecauseifyou8.crashintothewall,yourcrashwon'tbeverybad.Go-kartingisprettysafe.Youjustneedahelmet.Ifyoucrash,youmightgeta9.bruise,butyouprobablywon'tgethurtinaseriousway.Almosteveryonelovesgo-karts.Ongo-karttracks,youcanseekidsandadultsdrivingaround.Onereasonthey'reso10.popularisthatthey'reeasytodrive.Evenachildcandriveago-kart.Thereisonefamouspersonwholovedgo-kartswhenhewasachild.Whenhewasonlyfour,hestarteddrivingago-kart.Go-kartshelpedhimfallinlovewithdriving.ThatchildwasMichaelSchumacher.NowheisthemostfamousFormula1racerintheworld.07ThefastestCarsintheWorldFormulaOneisthehardestandmostfamousracingsystemintheworld.AllofthebestcarracersareF-1racers.F-1ispopularinNorthAmerica,Asia,Europe,andjustabouteverywhereelse.Inordertobea1.successfulF-1driver,youneedtodoalotofthings.Youneedtostayingood2.shape.Youneedtostudydifferentroads.Youneedtobecalmandsmart.Mostofall,youneedagoodF-1car.AnF-1carisavery,very3.complicatedmachine.Whenpeoplebuildthem,theyneedtopay4.attentiontoeverydetail.Thisisbecausethecarhastobeasfastaspossible.Firstofall,anF-1carhastobeverylight.Ifthecarislight,itwillgofaster.F-1carsaremostlymadeof5.carbonfiber.Carbonfiberisverylightbutverystrong.AnF-1carmust6.weighatleast642kilograms.Mostregularcarsweighabout1,600kilograms.F-1carsalsohaveverypowerful7.engines.Whenracingteamsdesignengines,theyhavetofollowrules.However,theyarealwaysthinkingofwaystomaketheirenginesbetter.Justliketherestofthecar,theenginealsohastobeverylight.F-1carscanreacha7.speedof160kilometersperhourinlessthanfive8.seconds.IfanF-1carisgoingabout160kilometers9.perhour,itcanstopinlessthanfiveseconds.MostF-1carscantravelatabout320kilometersperhour.ThefastestspeedforanF-1carwas413kilometersperhour.F-1carsarefast,complicated,andvery,veryexpensive.Sometimes,peopleneedyearstodesignthem.IfyoueverwatchanF-1race,10.rememberthatyouarewatchingthemostbeautifulcarsintheworld.08BikinginNatureAmountainbikeisalot1.differentfromaregularbike.Regularbikesareeasytoridewhenyou'reonaflat,2.smoothroad.However,mostregularbicyclesarenotusefulifyourideoff-road.Ridingoff-roadmeansleavingregularroadsandridingonrough3.ground.Ridingoff-roadcanbedoneinthemountains,intheforest,onabeach,andsoon.Whenyourideoff-road,youneedamountainbike.Mountainbikesaremuchstrongerthanregularbikes.Theyhavelarger,thicker4.tires.Theyhavemuchbetterbrakes.Thesearejustafewofthedifferences.Allofthisisveryimportantwhenyougooff-road.Ifyourideoff-roadona5.regularbicycle,yourbikemightnotbestrongenough.Evenifyourbikeisstrongenough,you'lllikely6.bouncearoundalot.Youmightnotbeabletoclimbhillsorrideoverdifficultground.Amountainbike'slargetireswillhelpyougooverrocksand7.branches.Whenyougodownahill,amountainbike'sstrongbrakeswillhelpyoustopfaster.Amountainbikehasanotheressential8.advantage:Whenyouareoff-road,themountainbikewon'tbouncemuch.Mountainbikeshaveaspecialdesignthatmakesridingthemmuchsmoother.Therearemanydifferentkindsofmountainbikes.Crosscountrybikesaregoodforlongrides,whenyouonlyrideoff-roadsometimes.All-mountainbikesare9.perfectformountains,becausethey'regoodatgoingupanddownhills.Trailbikesaregoodforbikingonmountainbiketrails.Downhillbikesareveryfast,sothey'regoodforraces.Mountainbikingkeepsyoustrongandthin.Itletsyouleavebiketrailsandseemoreofnature.Ithelpsyouhave10.adventures.Ifyoudon'thaveagoodmountainbike,youcan'tdothesethings.Ridingonaregularbikeisalotoffun,butalotofpeoplesaythatmountainbikingisevenbetter.Afteryoutrymountainbiking,youmightneverwanttoridearegularbikeagain!09GetintheBallInbaseball,playershittheball.Insoccer,playerskicktheball.Zorbingisdifferentfromthosesports.Infact,zorbingisdifferentfromeverysport.Inzorbing,youareintheball!Azorbballisa1.giant,2.hollowball.Itismadeofclear,soft3.plastic.Mostzorbballsareaboutthreemeterswide.Whenyougozorbingyouclimbintotheball.Youpushtheballwithyourhandsandfeettomakeit4.roll.Therearetwopopularwaysofzorbing.Inonekindofzorbing,yourollon5.flatground.Thisisverygoodexercise,becauseyouhavetopushtheballbyyourself.Inanotherkindofzorbing,yourolldownahill.Ofcourse,whenyougodownhill,yougoalotfaster.Peoplesaythatthisismuchmorefun.However,it'salsoalotmoredangerous.It'sharderto6.controltheball,andit'smucheasiertofalldown.Mostpeoplethinkthattheideaforazorbballcamefromastrangeplace.Inthe1970s,lotofpeopleputtheirpet7.hamstersormiceinlittleplasticballs.Theseballswereonlyafew8.centimeterswide.Thepetcouldstayintheballandrunaroundthehouse.Manypeoplethinkthatsomebodysawtheselittleplasticballsandthought,"MaybeIcanmakeoneofthoseballsforperson!”Thesedays,therearezorbparksaroundtheworld.Customerspayasmallpricetousezorbballs.Insomeoftheseparks,thezorbballgoesdownhills.Inotherparks,thereare9.rampsand10.slides.Therearezorbballsforoneperson,andtherearezorbballsforseveralpeople.Mostpeoplewhousezorbballssaythattheyarealotoffun.However,theysaysomethingelseabouttheexperience.Whenyouareinazorbball,youwillalmostcertainlyfeelverysilly.10.ANewWaytoTravelRightnow,severalyoungmenintheUnitedStatesaremakinganew1.product.It’scalledaBoostedBoard.ABoostedBoardlookslikeaskateboard.It’sasmallboardthat’sabout10centimeterswideandalmostameterlong.Ithasfoursmall2.wheels.Whenyouuseaskateboard,youhavetopushitwithyourownlegsABoostedBoardusesaverysmall3.battery.Youdon’thavetouseyourownenergywhenyouuseit.Youjusthavetostandontheboardand4.controlit.ABoostedBoardissmallerthanabicycle.It’salsoprobablythelightestelectric5.vehicleintheworld.ThismeansthataBoostedBoardismuchmore6.convenientthanabicycle.Let’ssayyourideyourbiketoastore.Beforeyougointothestore,youhaveto7.lockyourbike.However,youcanjustcarryyourBoostedBoardintothestore.Orlet’ssayyoutakethetraintoandfromschooleveryday.Afteryougetoffthetrain,youcanrideyourBoostedBoardfromthetrainstationtoschool.Thatwouldsaveyoualotoftime.Rightnow,BoostedBoardscantravelforaboutninekilometers.Afterthat,youhavetochargethemagain.BoostedBoardscanalsoclimbhillsveryeasily,andtheirhighestspeedisabout20kilometersperhour.BoostedBoardsalsostopveryeasily.Whentheboardstops,the8.brakeshelpchargethebatteryalittlebit.TheyoungmenarestillworkingonBoostedBoards.Theysaythatinthefuture,BoostedBoardswillbefasterandbetter.Theyalsosaythatthebatterieswilllastlonger.Vehicleslikecarsandmotorcyclesusealotofgasoline,andthey9.pollutetheenvironment.WeneedelectricvehicleslikeBoostedBoardsbecausetheyaremuchcleaner.Theyarealsocheaperandquieter.10.Inventionslikethismightchangetheworld.11.TheGreatestofAllTimeMuhammadAliwasbornintheUnitedStatesin1942.Today,manypeoplethinkhewasthemost1.talentedboxerintheworld.Theycallhim"TheGreatestofAllTime".However,fewpeopleknowhowhebecameaboxer.Thestoryis2.unusual.WhenAliwasalittleboy,somebodystolehisbicycle.Alicriedandtoldapoliceofficer.Thepoliceofficerwasalsoaboxing3.coach.HeaskedAliifhewantedtolearnhowtobox.Alisaidthatyes,hewantedtolearnhowtobox,becauseifheevermetthepersonwhostolehisbike,hewantedtobeathimup!Aliprobablyneverfoundhisbike,butthatwasavery4.crucialdayinhislife.Itwasthedayhestartedboxing.Alibecamevery5.successfulrightaway.Hewasn'tjuststrong.Hewasalsoveryfastandverysmart.Inthe1960Olympics,hewonagoldmedalfortheUSA.Afterthat,hebecametheheavyweight6.championoftheworld.Intotal,Aliwon56professionalboxingmatches,andlostonlyfive.Aliwasn'tjustgreatboxer.HealsochangedtheUnitedStatesforever.WhenAliwasthechampion,theUnitedStateswasfightingawarinVietnam.ManyAmericansthoughtthatthewarwaswrong.ThegovernmenttriedtomakeAlijointhearmy.Alisaidno.Hethoughtthatthewarwaswrong,sohedidn'tfightit.Aliwas7.punished.Hewasnot8.allowedtobox,andhelostalotofmoney.However,hedidn'tcare.Hestill9.refusedtogotoVietnam.Finally,Aliwasallowedtoreturntoboxing.Hesoonbecamethechampionagain.MuhammadAlialwaysdidtherightthing,evenwhenitwasunpopularor10.scary.Hestoppedfightingmorethan30yearsago,butpeoplearoundtheworldstilllovehim.12.SixOlympicMedals!JackieJoyner-KerseewasanAmericanOlympicathlete.However,shedidn’tjustplaysports.Shechangedsportsforfemaleathleteseverywhere.WhenJoyner-Kerseewasveryyoung,femaleathleteswere1.supposedtobe2.gracefulandpretty.Manyofthemdidthingslike3.figureskating.Joyner-Kerseewasinterestedinsports,butshedidn'tcareaboutbeinggracefulorpretty.Figureskatingwasn'tinterestingtoher.Shewantedtodotrackandfield.Intrackandfield,peoplehaveraces.Theyalsohaveothercontests,likeconteststoseewhocanjumpthehighestandthefarthest.Joyner-KerseewenttotheOlympicsfourtimesandwonsixmedals.Shehasthreegoldmedals,onesilvermedal,andtwobronzemedals.Shealsosetmanytrackandfield4.records.Joyner-Kerseeretiredmorethan20yearsago,butshestillhasalotofrecords.Nobodyhasbeenabletobeatherrecords.Joyner-Kerseewasalsofamousbecauseshenevergaveup.HerlastOlympiceventwasin1996.EarlyinthoseOlympics,shehurtherselfverybadly.Manypeoplethoughtthatshewould5.quit.However,sevendayslatershe6.returnedtotheOlympics.Shehadterriblepain,butshestillwonabronzemedal.PeopleeverywherestillloveJoyner-Kersee.Manyfemaleathletessaythatshe7.inspiredthem.Sheshowedthemthattheydidn'tneedtobegracefulandpretty.Theycouldplayanysportthattheywanted.Thesedays,Joyner-Kerseeisn'tintheOlympics,butsheisstillworkinghard.Shehasmanybusinesses.Shealsostartedacharity.Acharityisagroupthathelpspeople.Joyner-Kersee’scharitygivesfreesportslessonstopeople.Thisisimportant,becausesportscanhelp8.improvepeople'slives.Sportscanmakepeoplehappier,9.healthier,andmore10.confident.Joyner-Kerseeisstillfindingwaystoinspirepeopleallaroundtheworld.13.ThePrideofTaiwanYaniTsengisa1.femaleprofessionalgolferfromTaiwan,China.Shehasonlybeenaprofessionalgolferforaboutsixyears,butsheisalreadyoneofthemost2.successfulathletesinthatsports.BeforeTsengstartedplayingprofessionalgolfer,shewasaverysuccessfulamateur.Anamateurisapersonwhodoessomethingbutdoesnotgetpaidforit.Forexample,ifyouliketotakepicturesbutyoudon’tgetmoneyforit,youareanamateurphotographer.WhenTsengwasanamateur,shewonfifteen3.internationalgolftournaments.Infact,from2004to2006,shewasthetopfemaleamateurgolferintheworld.Tsengwasalreadyasuccessfulamateur,sopeople4.expectedhertobeaverysuccessfulprofessional,too.However,shewassosuccessfulthatshe5.exceededalotofpeople’sexpectations.Tsengbecameaprofessionalin2007,andshestartedwinningrightaway.Thatyear,shewontwobiggolftournaments.Then,in2008,shewontheLPGAChampionship.Thatisoneofthebiggestgolftournamentsintheworld.Tsengwasonly19yearsoldwhenshewon.Shewastheyoungestpersontodothat.Tseng’ssuccesshas6.continued.Shewonmajorprofessionalgolftournamentsin2008,2009,2010,2011,and2012.Shewastheyoungestplayertowinfivemajorgolftournaments.Shewasalsotheyoungestplayertowin2,000,000dollars.Shedidthatwhenshewasonly20yearsold.Shewasalsotheworld’snumberonefemalegolferfor109weeksinarow.Tsengisfamousforhergood7.attitude.Golferseverywhereknowthatsheworkshardand8.practicesallthetime.Whensheplays,sheisalwayssmiling.Shereallyseemstolovehersport.TsenghasalotoffansinTaiwanandaroundtheworld.Othergolfers9.admireheraswell.Shewillprobablydomanymoregreatthingsinthe10.future.Afterall,she’sstillveryyoung.14.ChangingBaseballandtheWorldJackieRobinsonwasanAmericanbaseballplayer.HeplayedfortheBrooklynDodgersfor10years,from1947to1956.RobinsonwasthefirstAfricanAmericantoplayinAmericanMajorLeagueBaseball(MLB).ManyblackplayerswantedtoplayintheMLB,buttheyweren't1.allowedto.Atthattime,racismwaseverywhereinAmerica.Inmost2.areas,blackpeoplecouldnotgotowhiteschools.Blackpeoplecouldnotliveinwhite3.neighborhoods.Itwasveryhardforblackpeopletogotogood4.universities,orgetgoodjobs.AfterWorldWarⅡ,morepeopleweresayingthatblackpeopleshouldbeabletoplayintheMLB.About125,000blackpeoplefoughtfortheUnitedStatesduringWorldWarⅡ,and708blackpeoplediedinthewar.SomepeopleintheUnitedStatessaidthatthiswasnotfair.Theysaidthatsinceblackpeoplediedfortheircountry,theyshouldbeallowedtoplaybaseballintheircountry.Finally,in1947,JackieRobinson5.enteredtheMLB.Atthebeginning,manywhiteplayersdidnotwanttoplaywithhim.However,Robinsonplayedwell,andsoonmostotherplayersstartedtorespecthim.Robinsonwasanexcellentbaseballplayer,andpeoplearoundthecountrybegantolovehim.AfterRobinsonenteredtheMLB,otherblackplayersfollowed.Soon,mostteamshadblackplayers.Blackplayersstill6.facedalotofdifficulties.TherewasstillalotofracisminbaseballandaroundtheUnitedStates.Buteveryyear,moreblackplayersenteredtheMLB.Robinsondidn’tjust7.changebaseball.HehelpedchangetheUnitedStates,too.Afterblackpeopleenteredbaseball,theystartedtoenterotherpartsofAmericanlife.Peoplethoughtthatifbaseballcouldchange,thenthe8.restofthecountrycouldalsochange.BlackandwhiteAmericansstartedfightingto9.improvethecountry.Changingthecountrytookaverylongme,anditwasverydifficult.Eventoday,thereisstillracismintheUnitedStates.ButwhenJackieRobinsonstartedplayingin1947he10.inspiredothertohelpchangetheworld.15.NeverGiveUpBethanyHamiltonisfromHawaii.Whenshewasjust13yearsold,sheandherfriendweresurfingintheocean.Whiletheyweresurfing,ashark1.attackedHamilton.Intheattack,Hamiltonlostherleftarm.Hamiltonwasrushedtothehospital.Whenshegottothehospital,shehadalreadylostmorethanhalfofherblood.Shealmostdied,butdoctorssavedherlife.Hamiltonlovedsurfing,andshedidn'twanttostop.Ofcourse,nowitwasmuchharderforher,becausesheonlyhadonearm.First,shegota2.specialsurfboard.Thisboardwasthickeranditwaseasierto3.control.Then,shestartedto4.exerciseherlegs.Sheneededstrongerlegsbecauseshehadtokickmoretopushtheboardthroughthewater.Finally,shelearnedhowtosurfwithonlyonearm.LessthanonemonthafterHamiltonlostherarm,shewassurfingagain.Today,Hamiltonisaprofessionalsurfer.Shesurfsin5.competitionsaroundtheworld.ShehasbeenincompetitionsintheUSA,Brazil,andAustralia.Intotal,shehaswonfour6.majorcompetitions.Shenolongerneedsaspecialsurfboard.Sheusesthesamekindofsurfboardthateveryoneelseuses.Hamiltonusesher7.experiencetoteachpeopletonevergiveup.Shewroteabookaboutthesharkattackandher8.difficulties.Shealsogoesontelevisionshowsandtalksaboutherexperiences.In2011,therewasevenamovieaboutherlife.Shehasalsowonseveral9.awardsforhercourage.Hamiltonsaysthathelpingpeoplehasbeena10.wonderfulexperienceforher.Shesaysthatshehaslearnedalotaboutlife,love,andbeingstrong.However,althoughsomanythingshavehappenedtoher,shesayssheisstilljustasurfer.