9A unit8 Detective stories 知识清单

9AUnit8Detectivestories知识清单一、ComicstripandWelcometotheunit.1.detectivestories侦探故事【detective作形容词：侦探的】【注】detective也可作n.侦探;警探;私人侦探;eg:adetective一名侦探2.bedressedlikethat穿成那样Eg:Heisdressedlikeabear.他穿得像只熊。3.Adetectiveissomeonewholooksforcluestosomethingimportant.【定语从句】侦探就是寻找重要事件线索的人。★lookforcluestosomethingimportant寻找重要事件的线索【归纳】thewayto;thekeyto;theanswerto;thetripto;theclueto4.muchmoreserious严重得多【much修饰比较级】5.Myfoodhasgonemissing.我的食物不见了。【missingadj.=lost丢失的，缺少的】★gomissing(短动词）或bemissing(长动词，系表结构)【missing为形容词:不见了】【拓展】①gobad变坏，gowrong出故障，出错②lookforthemissingboy.寻找失踪的男孩【区分】①gone：失去的，强调时间、情况等一去不复返，只可作表语。②missing：丢失的，指暂时不在或找不到的，另外还有“被损毁的，缺少的，失踪的”等意思，可作定语、表语。③lost：失去的，指无法再找到的，另外还有“迷路的，困惑的”等含义，可作定语、表语。6.Theyhavetofindoutwhothemurdereris.他们得搞清楚凶手是谁。7.makenotesonthesuspects给嫌疑犯做笔录【suspect作名词：嫌疑犯；作动词：怀疑】8.bemostlikelytobethemurderer最有可能成为凶手9.Whodoyouthinkisnottellingthetruth?你认为谁没有说实话？=Doyouthinkwhoisnottellingthetruth（宾从）?★tellthetruth说实话，说出真相10.IguessJimmyWhiteislying.我猜吉米▪怀特正在撒谎。①lie作动词时（a）躺lie→lay→lain（b）撒谎lie→lied→lied★lietosb.对某人撒谎eg:Heislyingtohismother.②lie作名词时：谎言eg:tellalie/telllies撒谎11.anofficeworkerofmediumheight一名中等身材的办公室职员【拓展】theheightof………的高度12.lookuntidyandnervous看上去不整洁并且紧张二、Reading第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 1.thebodyofa22-year-oldman一具22岁的男尸2.Hewaslastseenleavinghisofficeat7p.m.yesterday.【seesb.doingsth.看见某人在做某事】他昨天晚上7：00最后一次被看到离开他的办公室。【归纳】seesb.dosth.(主动)→sb.beseentodosth.(被动)seesb.doingsth.(主动)→sb.beseendoingsth.(被动)3.They’restillworkingatthesceneofthecrimetofindoutwhetherthevictimwaskilledsomewhereelseandthenbroughttoWestTown,orkilledattheplacewherehewasfound.他们还在案发现场工作以查明那个受害者是否在其它某个地方被杀，然后抛尸至西镇，或者就在被发现的地点被杀。①atthesceneofthecrime在案发现场②bekilledsomewhereelse在其他某个地方被谋杀③bekilledattheplacewherehewasfound(定语从句）在发现尸体的地方被杀④bebroughtto…被带到…4.We’reaskinganyonewhosawanythingunusualnearCornStreetlastnight(定从)tocontactus.我们正在叫任何在CornStreet附近看到任何不寻常的事情的人联系我们。①anythingunusual任何不寻常的事情②contactsb.on+电话号码打......电话号码联系某人Eg:contactthepoliceon110打110联系警方5.thechief/topdetective首席侦探6.Thevictimwaswoundedwithaknifeandbledtodeathasaresult.受害者被一把刀刺伤，导致流血而死。★①bewoundedwithaknife被刀致伤【wound名词：伤口；动词（vt.)：使......受伤】★②bleedtodeath流血致死【blood名词（不可数）：血→bleed动词（vt.)：流血】bleed→bled(过去式)→bled(过去分词)→bleeding(现在分词)相似的有：met→met→met;feed→fed→fed③asaresult结果；因此7.Wearenowcheckingthesceneformoreclueswhichwillhelpsolvethecase(定从).我们正在检查现场以获取更多可以帮助解决案件的线索。①checkthesceneformoreclues检查现场以获取更多的线索②helpsolvethecase帮助破案8.besingle单身的(未婚的)→bemarried已婚的9.awell-paidjob一份待遇丰厚的工作10.However,accordingtotherecord,hewasguiltyofcomputercrimesinthepast.然而，根据记录，他过去有电脑犯罪的前科。①accordingtotherecord根据记录第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 ②beguiltyof…犯有…的罪eg:Heisguiltyofrobbery.他犯有抢劫罪。③computercrimes电脑犯罪活动11.Hewaschargedwithbreakingintoseveralcomputersystemsoverthelastyear.他去年被指控曾闯入多台电脑系统①charge:作动词:收(费);(向…)要价;把…记在账上;控告;起诉;充电作名词:(商品和服务所需的)要价，收费;指控;控告;指责;谴责;②chargesb.withsth.以某罪指控某人【主动】→bechargedwithsth.【被动】③…bechargedwith(doing)…被指控(做).......④breakinto强行闯入⑤computersystems电脑系统12.We’renotsurewhetherthismadehimanyenemies.我们不确定他是否因此树敌。★makesb.enemies使某人树敌【enemy→复数:enemies】13.Wesupposethatthevictimknewhismurderer（宾从）.我们推断受害人认识凶手。14.TheonlysuspectisashortthinmanwhowasseenrunningdownCornStreetat10p.m.lastnight.唯一的一名嫌疑人是昨晚10点被人看见正在沿着CornStreet奔跑的一位又矮又瘦的男人。①theonlysuspect唯一的嫌疑犯②beseenrunningdown/along....被看见正在沿着…奔跑15.Awitnessreportedthathewasbreathingheavilyandhadbloodonhisshirt（宾从）.一名证人汇报他气喘吁吁，衬衫上有血。①breatheheavily气喘吁吁=beoutofbreath②havebloodontheshirt衬衫上有血迹16.atthetimeofthecrime在案发时间17.Thevictim’sparentshaveofferedarewardof￥50,000foranyinformationthatleadstothearrestofthemurderer.(定从)受害人的父母愿意出五万元人民币对提供线索抓获凶手的人给予奖励。①offerarewardof…for…为…悬赏…钱②leadtothearrestofthemurderer导致凶手被捕【arrest作名词：逮捕】【leadto=cause】③★arrestsb.forsth.因某罪某人【主动，arrest作动词】→sb.bearrestedforsth.某人因某罪而被逮捕【被动,arrest作动词】=sb.beunderarrestforsth.某人因某罪而被逮捕【被动,arrest作名词】18.Anyonewhocanprovideusefulinformation(定从)shouldcontactthepolice.任何能够提供有用信息的人应该联系警方。★thepolice警方【集体名词，作主语时看作复数，注意谓语动词的形式】19.dosomethingwrong做错事20.dosomethingagainstthelaw做违法的事第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 21.speakandactagainstyou在言行上反对你22.arrestthemurderer逮捕凶手三、Grammar【语法】A.什么叫定语？定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。1.abeautifulgirl(beautiful是前置定语，放在名词前）2.thefilmdirectedbyZhangYimou(directedbyZhangYimou是过去分词短语作后置定语）3.thebookonthedesk(onthedesk是介词短语作后置定语，放在名词后）4.theboystandingunderthetree(standingunderthetree是现在分词短语作后置定语）5.appletrees(apple是名词作前置定语）6.hisbook(his是形容词性物主代词作前置定语）7.threeapples(three是现数词作前置定语）8.Ihavemuchhomeworktodo.(todo是动词不定式作后置定语）下面以分词、介词短语为例：①ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.②Themandrivingtoofastisadrunk（醉汉）.提醒：大多数后置定语可以改为定语从句。【语法】B.限制性定语从句（Definingrelativeclauses)相关概念定语从句的有关概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。（定语从句要用陈述句语序）如：1)Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.(关系代词如果在定语从句中做主语，要注意从句中的谓语动单复数要与先行词一致)2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.在上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when.关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。也就是说关系词有三个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。3.连接主句和从句。例：①Thegirl(whoisbehindthetree)isKate.②Theman(whoisdrivingtoofast)isadrunk.【语法】C.有关系代词引导的定语从句。关系代词例句第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 That在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时that可省略)指物1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(作主语)2.Thenoodles（that）Icookedweredelicious.(作宾语)指人1.Whoisthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere?(作主语)2.Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdaywasJim’ssister.(作宾语)Which在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)指物1.ThesilkwhichisproducedinHangzhousellswell.(作主语)2.Thesongs（which）LiuDehuasangwereverypopular.(作宾语)Who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语（如果介词放在从句后面，则whom可以省略）指人1.ThemanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.(作主语)2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.(作主语)3.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.(作宾语)4.MrsWhiteisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.(作宾语)Whose在从句中作定语,指物时相当于ofwhich指人或物的所有格1.Ilikethegirlwhosehairislong.(作定语)2.Iliveinthehousethewindowsofwhichareclosed.=Iliveinthehousewhosewindowsareclosed.（从表中可以看出：用that更有通用性）但是：1）在非限制性定语从句中不能用that2)在介词后面不能用that3）先行词是代人的不定代词如those,somebody时不能用that【语法】D.有关系副词引导的定语从句：(只作了解)1.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country,school,room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。Theroomwhere(=inwhich)heusedtolivehasnowbeenturnedintoamuseum..　　Thedeskwhere(=onwhich)Iputmybagishis.Thisistheschoolwhere(=inwhich)IjoinedtheParty.2.先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。Thedaywhen（=onwhich)hewasbornwasAug.20,1952Theyearwhen(=inwhich)hediedwas1982.比较：1）ThisistheschoolwhichIvisitedlastyear.2)Thisistheschoolinwhich(where)Istayedlastyear.3.先行词如果thereason,表示原因，则定语从句用why=forwhich来引导。ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslateforschool.第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 【语法】E.定语从句分类(只作了解)定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（又称描述性定语从句）。1、限制性定语从句与先行词关系密确，对它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意思，限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号。例Whatisthenameoftheboywhobroughtustheletter?2、非限制性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，在口语中用停顿的方法表示，在书面语中用逗号分开，因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。一般用which,who,where等来引导非限制性定语从句，而不用that来引导非限制性定语从句。例①IliketotalkwithJohn,whoisacleverman.例②Water,whichisaclearliquid(液体)，hasmanyuses.【语法】F.关于that;which用法请注意(只作了解)①先行词（物）之前有all,every,any,no,little,much,few等词修饰时，或者其本身为all,,everything,something,nothing,anything,none；theone；much,few,any,little等不定代词，定语从句that用引导，不能用which。(如果先行词是指人的不定代词，则关系代词用who/whom,不用that和which)　　Isthereanythingthatyouwanttoexplain?　　Everyonewhoheardhersadstorywasmovedtotears.②先行词（物）前有形容词最高级、序数词或only,very,thefirst,thelast,thesame表示“惟一”观念的形容词等修饰时，定语从句用that引导,不能用which.ThisistheonlyreasonthatIcansay.Thisisthefirststepthatcanbetaken.Itisthebestonethatyoumaychoose.③当主句中有who,which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who,which…which等重叠，定语从句用that引导。　　Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?④先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用that引导。　　Johnandhisdogthatwerehereamomentagodisappearnow.⑤不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常省掉。　　Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.⑥先行词是一个短语或者是一个句子时，关系代词用which(大多数情况是非限制性定语从句)Hemissedthetrain,whichannoyed(使......恼火)himverymuch.【语法】G.宾语从句、主语从句与定语从句区分。定语从句中常用到that/which/who/whom等关系代词作主语或宾语；而在宾语从句或者主语、表语等从句中（特殊疑问句作宾语从句或主语从句时），常用到what/whom第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 等疑问代词作主语或宾语。如：1)Webelievewhatshesaid.(宾从，不能用that来换what)Webelieveanything/thewordsthat/whichshesaid.(定从)2)Idon’tknowthegirlwhom/thatImetyesterday.(定从)3)Idon’tknowwhomthegirllikes.(宾从，不能用that)4)Whathesaidsurprisedme.(主从，不能用that))【语法】H.重点短语和句型：1.theelderlycouple那对年老的夫妇2.Therewasprobablymorethanonepersonwhohadsomethingtodowiththemurder(定从）.①morethanoneperson不止一个人eg:Morethanonestudenthasdiedintheaccident.②★havesomethingtodowithsth.与某事有关；havenothingtodowithsth.与某事无关③probably(adv.)可能（放句中）；maybe/perhaps(adv.)可能（放句首）2..HewasthemanwhofirstwrotedetectivestoriesinEnglish(定从).他就是第一个用英语写侦探小说的人。3.requirereaderstocheckeverytinydetailforpossiblecluestocriminalcases需要读者们为案件的可能线索而检查每一个细节①requiresb.todosth.需要某人做某事②possiblecluestocriminalcases案件的可能线索4.amasteratsolvingcrimes一个破案高手5.becoveredinblood浑身是血6.Hastherebeenanyprogressinthemurdercase?凶杀案已经有进展吗？7.Thebossdidsomethingwhichisnotallowedbythelaw（定从）.老板做了违法的事情。8.Thevictimwantedtoreportthecrimethathisbosshadcommitted（定从）tothepolice.受害人想要向警方举报他的老板已经犯的罪行。①reportsth.tothepolice向警方举报某事②commit（vt.）犯（罪）→committed→committing★commitacrime/crimes犯罪9.Itturnedoutthathehadnothingtodowiththecase.结果证明他与案件无关。★turnout原来是，结果是(无被动）①turnout+that宾从②turnout(tobe)+adj./n.10.Hewasinahurrytocatchabus.他匆匆忙忙地赶公交车。=Hehurriedtocatchabus.【回顾】beinahurrytodosth.=hurrytodosth.=dosth.inahurry=dosth.hurriedly四、Integratedskills1.kidnapvt.绑架→kidnapped→kidnapping(现在分词或动名词：绑架案)2.amanofgreatwealth一个有钱人第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 3.beinprisonforsixmonths入狱六个月4.havenocriminalrecord没有犯罪记录★criminal作形容词：犯罪的；作名词：罪犯5.onthemorningof28December在12月28日的上午6.athissister’swedding在他姐姐的婚礼上【ontheirweddingday在他们结婚那一天】7.thinkofsomesafetytipstoprotectyourselfagainstcrime想到一些安全提示来保护你自己抵制犯罪行为①safetytips安全提示【safe形容词：安全的→safely副词：安全地→safety名词：安全】②protectyourselfagainstcrime保护你自己预防犯罪行为8.remembertolockthedoor记住锁上门9.shutallthewindows关闭所有的窗户【shut关闭→shut过去式→shut过去分词】★shut作v.关闭;关上;合上;(使)停止营业，关门，打烊【shutup闭嘴】作adj.关闭;合拢;停业;关门10.carryalotofmoneywithsb.身边带大量现金11.We’dbetternotgooutaloneatnight.我们最好不要在晚上独自一人出门。【hadbetternotdosth.最好不要做某事】12.guardagainstanypossibledanger防范/提防任何可能的危险★guardagainststh.提防某事五、Studyskills【A】怎样读一篇小说（Howtoreadanovel)。当你读一篇小说的时侯，你经常为了了解大意而读得很快。你不必要懂得每个单词。【B】重点短语句型1.comealong来吧，过来，走吧2.lookup【动副词组，代词放中间】①（在字典或电话本中）查找②抬头看③看望，拜访3.turntothetwodetectives转向两个侦探4.▲beintheprimeoflife正值壮年5.▲glanceateachother互相瞥了一眼6.losetimelookingforsb.浪费时间寻找某人losetimedoingsth.=wastetimedoingsth.浪费时间做某事六、Task1.agoldnecklace一条金项链2.Brucewaschargedwiththeft.布鲁斯被指控犯有偷窃罪。★bechargedwiththeft被指控偷窃罪3.Brucegetsalongwithallofhisneighboursexceptthemanwholivesnextdoor（定从）.除了住在隔壁的那个男人之外，布鲁斯和所有邻居都和睦相处。第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单 ①themanwholivesnextdoor住在隔壁的那个男人②getalong/on(well)with…与…和睦相处Eg:----Howareyougettingalong/onwithyourclassmates?你和你的同学相处得怎样？----Iamgettingalong/onwellwiththem.我和他们相处得很好。4.neverspeaktoanyone从不和任何人说话5.Nooneknowswhathedoesforaliving.没人知道他靠什么谋生。★dosth.foraliving做某事谋生=makealivingbydoingsth.6.come(back)homefromwork下班回家7.Thepolicemantoldhimthatsomevaluablejewelleryhadbeenstolen.这名警察告诉他一些有价值的珠宝被盗。①somevaluablejewellery一些昂贵珠宝【jewellery总称：珠宝（不可数）】②havebeenstolen已经被偷【steal→stole(过去式)→stolen(过去分词)】8.★beunderarrestformurder=bearrestedformurder因谋杀罪而被捕9.I’llchecktheseforfingerprints.我要检查这些物品提取指纹。10.归纳：动词名词(事件)名词(人)形容词动词过去式,过去分词动词现在分词(ing)rob抢劫robbery抢劫罪robber强盗robbed,robbedrobbingburgle入室盗窃burglary入室盗窃罪burglar入室盗贼burgled,burgledburglingsteal偷窃stealing/theft偷窃罪thief小偷stole,stolenstealingkidnap绑架kidnapping绑架罪kidnapper绑匪kidnapped,kidnappedkidnappingcommit犯罪crime活动;罪行criminal罪犯criminal犯罪的committed,committedcommittingmurder谋杀murder谋杀罪murderer杀人犯murderedmurdered【拓展】robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物eg:Herobbedmysisterofhisgoldnecklace.第9页共9页9AUnit8知识清单