初中英语知识点：定语从句的用法

中考英语定语从句讲解一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.引导定语从句的词：关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)关系副词where,when、why关系词的作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.★whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替★Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.★Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时。(g)为了避免重复。(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略。(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时。e.g.Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词.BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.你到达伦敦时，我们在那里已待了两个星期。 IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.