重庆市第一中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题（Word版附解析）

2023年重庆一中高2026届高一上期半期考试英语试题卷英语试题卷共9页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写在答题卡上。2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatkindoffoodisthemanmaking?A.Mexican.B.Thai.C.Chinese.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Inahotel.C.Inaprison.3.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$2.B.$3.50.C.$5.50.4.Whyisthemancarryinganextrasuitcase?A.Hehastoomuchluggage.B.Heishelpingsomeoneelse.C.Hegotpermissiontocarryit.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Auntandnephew.C.Doctorandpatient.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段长对话，回答小题。6.Whereisthewomanprobablygoingthisafternoon?A.Tothelibrary.B.Toaswimmingpool.C.Toaprofessor’sclass. 7.Whichsubjectisthewomangoodat?A.Literature.B.History.C.Maths.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。8.Whyisthewomanangrywiththeman?A.Hedidn’tgiveherthemenu.B.Hedidn’tarrangeatableforher.C.Hedidn’tgetintouchwiththeguests.9.Whatmightthewomanbe?A.Sheisawaitress.B.Sheisapolicewoman.C.Sheisabusinesswoman.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。10.WhatdidProfessorJohnsonjustdo?A.Hepaintedapicture.B.Hedeliveredalecture.C.Hegaveaninterview.11.WhendidmanfirstbegintopaintpicturesaccordingtoProfessorJohnson?A.10,000yearsago.B.20,000yearsago.C.Itremainedunclear.12.WhydidancientpeoplepaintaccordingtoProfessorJohnson?A.Tohuntanimals.B.Todeveloptheirhobbies.C.Toattractothers’attention.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。13.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Preparingforameeting.B.Organizingapresentation.C.Findingwaystosavetheenvironment.14.Whatisthemangoingtodothisevening?A.Writealetter.B.AttendameetingC.Collectrubbish.15.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetothepollution?A.Worried.B.Indifferent.C.Disappointed.16.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.PhoningKate.B.Printingouttheposter.C.Askingsomeoneelseforhelp. 听下面一段独白，回答小题。17.Whatsportsdoesthespeakerlike?A.Skiingandsnowboarding.B.Swimmingandplayingfootball.C.Skiingandswimmug.18.Whendidthespeakerbeginsnowboarding?A.Attheageoffive.B.Attheageofeight.C.Attheageofseventeen.19.Whatdomanypeoplethinkaboutsnowboarding?A.Dangerous.B.Exciting.C.Safe.20Whatwillhappenifyoufallwhileonskis?A.WemayhaveacoldB.Wemayhaveastomachache.C.Wemaybreakourbones.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共19小题；每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AParisisoneofthemost-visiteddestinationsintheworld.Therearelotstoexploreandthere’sdeliciousfoodoneverycomer.ArelaxingtriptoParistakesalittlebitofplanning.Herearesometipsforyoutomakeyourtripsmooth.PlanningyourtripHaveavalidpassportforinternationaltravel.Apassportcosts$110andtakes6-8weekstoarriveafteryouapply.BookingFlightsThecheapestperiodtoflyisduringtheSpringtime,especiallyifyoucanleaveonthefirstthreedaysoftheweek.You’llsaveevenmoremoneybybookingaround90daysinadvance.Inthesummermonths,ticketswillbemoreexpensivenomatterwhenyoubook.EnjoyingYourTimeVisittheEiffelTower.TheEiffelToweristhemostrecognizablesymbolofParis.Toavoidthecrowds,gototheEiffelTowerearlyinthemorning.Itcosts€25togotothetop,or€10toclimbtothefirst2levelsonfoot.SeetheNotreDameCathedral. Atpresent,theNotreDameCathedralisnotaccessibletotouristsduetothefirethatruinedpartsofthecathedral.However,youcanstillvisittheoutsideofthecathedral.GototheLouvretoworld-famousart.TheLouvrehoststheMonaLisaalongwith35,000otherpiecesofart.Ifyou’repressedfortime,visitthehighlights.TheLouvrecosts€15atthemuseumor€17inadvance(toskipmostoftheline).TakeadaytriptoVersailles.Ifyouhaveadaytospare,headtothepalaceofVersailles,around14milessouthwestofthecity.TakeatourtoseeKingLouisXVI’spalaceandgardens.Itcostse20tovisitthepalaceandgrounds.1.Howcanonesavethemostmoneyifbookingplaneticketsaheadoftime?A.IfheleavesonaMondayinJune.B.IfheleavesonaWednesdayinDecember.C.IfheleavesonaTuesdayinMay.D.IfheleavesonaThursdayinMarch.2.Whichtouristattractionisnotopentovisitorsatthemoment?A.TheNotreDameCathedral.B.TheEiffelTower.C.TheLouvre.D.Versailles.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Acourseplan.B.Aresearchpaper.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anencyclopedia.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了到巴黎旅行时一些建议，包括做计划、订机票和安排行程等方面。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据BookingFlights部分的“ThecheapestperiodtoflyisduringtheSpringtime,especiallyifyoucanleaveonthefirstthreedaysoftheweek.You’llsaveevenmoremoneybybookingaround90daysinadvance.(乘飞机最便宜的时间是在春季，特别是如果你能在一周的前三天出发的话。如果提前90天左右预订，你会节省更多的钱。)”可知，如果提前预订机票，一个人在五月的某个星期二离开是最省钱的。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据EnjoyingYourTime部分的“Atpresent,theNotreDameCathedralisnotaccessibleto touristsduetothefirethatruinedpartsofthecathedral.(目前，由于大火烧毁了大教堂的一部分，巴黎圣母院无法向游客开放。)”可知，目前不对游客开放的景点是巴黎圣母院。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句话“ArelaxingtriptoParistakesalittlebitofplanning.Herearesometipsforyoutomakeyourtripsmooth.(一次轻松的巴黎之旅需要一点计划。这里有一些小贴士可以让你的旅行顺利。)”可知，文章介绍了到巴黎旅行时的相关建议，该内容会在旅游小册子上看到。故选C。BMysonloveshockey(曲棍球).Ashissupportivefan,IwatchedhimpayinginallthematchesacrosshalfofUSAthisyear,andI’velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.Inhisthirdseasonin2022,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.However,whathappenedthenextyearaddeditsstorytothelegendsofsportinginability.Notonlyweakbutprettilybad,thisteamlost40oftheirfirst50games,mostofthedefeatscominginthecourseoftwolosingstreaks(倒霉的时刻).Foratime,Iworriedthatthesestreakswouldkillmychild’sloveofthegame.Butthat’snotwhathappened.Asbadasitgot,thelosingwasclarifying.Itkeptoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthedie-hardsbehind.Whatstartedasalistof17oftheteamwascutdownto12.Itwasespeciallyinstructiveforthekids.Ittaughthimagreattruthoftheworld:Foreveryonegood,thereissomeonebetter.Whatmore,thekidswerelearningthegameinawaythatonlylosingcanteach.Eachplayergottoplayeverywhere,tolearnandappreciatetheroleofeverypositionontheice.Theykeptaneyeonthepayersfromtheotherteamtoo,studyingandapplyingthetricksofsuccess.Inanefforttobreakthestreak,theywentbacktobasics,acceptedtheintelligenceofthehockeyancients:Ifplayinglikeateam,theycandefeatacollectionofall-stars;Ifdoingsmallandunimportanttaskswell,theycangetthegoal.Thisnewteamhadpersonalitiesandcouldneverbelisted,nomatterthescore.Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestategame,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime(超时赛).Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunners-upbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouthisson’steaminthethirdseasonin2022?A.Theteamsucceededasaresultofgoodluck. B.Theteamhadanextremelyimpressiveperformance.C.Theteamdidn’tliveuptotheauthor’sexpectations.D.Theteambehavedratherbadlyinthreestraightgames.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clarify”referto?A.Thelosingimprovedtheirteamwork.B.Thelosingmadethembetterunderstandhockey.C.Thelosinghelpedthemlearnagreattruthoftheworld.D.Thelosingkepttrueplayersinsteadofthosefortheglory.6.WhatcanweinferfromthelasttwoParagraphs?A.Theybecamethewinnerfinally.B.Theydidn’tstarttheirtrainingasbeginners.C.Theyhavepersonalitiesthatcanbecounted.D.Theyappliedthemselvestoimprovingtheirskill.7.Accordingtotheauthor,whathavetheson’steamlearned?A.Fallsseventimes,standupeight.B.Thehardestfightistofightoneself.C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst.【答案】4.B5.D6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述儿子冰球队的经历，说明了失败和挫折在成长中的重要性。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inhisthirdseasonin2022,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.(在2022年他的第三个赛季，我儿子的球队从未输过超过三场比赛。有快乐、吹嘘、庆祝、披萨。简而言之，这是一个典型的青少年冰球赛季。)”可知，作者儿子的球队在2022年第三赛季的表现令人印象深刻。故选B项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Asbadasitgot,thelosingwasclarifying.Itkeptoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthedie-hardsbehind.(尽管情况很糟糕，但输掉比赛是clarifying。它把那些为了荣誉孩子们淘汰，只留下真正热爱曲棍球的孩子。)”可知，输掉比赛虽然很糟，但它可以 淘汰那些为了荣誉的孩子，留下真正热爱曲棍球的孩子。由此推知，动词clarify指的就是这一过程：留住了真正的球员，而不是那些追求荣誉的球员。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Eachplayergottoplayeverywhere,tolearnandappreciatetheroleofeverypositionontheice.Theykeptaneyeonthepayersfromtheotherteamtoo,studyingandapplyingthetricksofsuccess.Inanefforttobreakthestreak,theywentbacktobasics,acceptedtheintelligenceofthehockeyancients:Ifplayinglikeateam,theycandefeatacollectionofall-stars;Ifdoingsmallandunimportanttaskswell,theycangetthegoal.(每个球员都要在任何地方打球，学习和欣赏冰上每个位置的作用。他们也密切关注着对方球队的球员，学习并应用成功的技巧。为了打破连胜，他们回到了基础，接受了冰球古人的智慧：如果像一个团队一样打球，他们可以击败全明星队；如果把小而不重要的任务做好，他们就能达到目标。)”可知，经历失败后，他们全力以赴提高他们的技能。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.(他们学到了最重要的一课：你可以输，但不会被打败。)”可知，他们学到的是永不言败的精神，即“Fallsseventimes,standupeight.(跌倒了，就再爬起来)”。故选A项。COnceIwaschattingwithsomefriendsaboutthefactthatweallhaveaccents(口音),mostofthemrepliedproudly,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglishorChinese.”Butthiskindofreplyisnowherenearthepoint.Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone“hasanaccent”isthattheiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthattheirpronunciationsaredifferentfromourown.Butthisunderstandingofaccentsislimitingandcouldcauseprejudice(偏见).Funnilyenough,inthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswithanaccent.Itistheregulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdecideouraccents.Evenifyoudon’thearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthissense,it’spointlesstopointoutthatsomeone“hasanaccent”.Wealldo!Everypersonspeaksadialect(方言),too.Inthefield-oflanguagestudy,adialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,phrasesandwords.Forinstance,“Yougoteatornot?”(meaning“Haveyoueaten?”)isanacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.ThefactthatthisexpressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertostopforawhiledoesn’tmeanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis“wrong”or“ungrammatical”.Thesentenceiswell-formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’systemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowunderstandingofaccentsanddialects-forthegoodofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,theway onespeaksisaspecialpartofwhotheyare.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisfriends’reply?A.Itsuggeststheirimpoliteness.B.Itshowstheirlanguagelevels.C.Itreflectstheirself-confidence.D.Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents.9.WhydoestheauthormentionSingaporeOralEnglish?A.ToprovedialectsareacceptableB.Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake.C.ToshowdifferenttypesofEnglish.D.Toencouragemorechangestolanguages.10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Weshouldbeproundofourcultures.B.WeshouldmakefriendsmoreinthefutureC.Weshouldspeakwithourlocaldialectsmote.D.Weshouldtreasurethevalueofaccentsanddialects.11.Theauthorofthetextisprobablya.A.culturalresearcherB.publicspeakerC.ChineselearnerD.magazineeditor【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了每个人都有口音。从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“OnceIwaschattingwithsomefriendsaboutthefactthatweallhaveaccents(口音),mostofthemrepliedproudly,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglishorChinese.”Butthiskindofreplyisnowherenearthepoint.(有一次我和一些朋友聊到我们都有口音的事实，他们中的大多数人自豪地回答说:“嗯，我的英语或中文说得很好。”但这种回答根本不切题。)”可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thesentenceiswell-formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’systemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?(根据新加坡英语母语者的语法体系，这句话结构良好，表达清晰。为什么仅仅因为不同就应该是错的呢？)”可知，作 者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。所以作者使用新加坡口语的例子是为了证明方言是可以接受的。故选A。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowunderstandingofaccentsanddialects-forthegoodofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisaspecialpartofwhotheyare.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.(为了每个人的利益，我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘理解。像这样的语言差异提供了对人们的文化经历和背景的见解。在全球化时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人的特殊部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们讲话背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在此过程中结交朋友。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是我们应该珍惜口音和方言的价值。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisaspecialpartofwhotheyare.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.(像这样的语言差异提供了对人们的文化经历和背景的见解。在全球化时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人的特殊部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们讲话背后的文化。)”可知，作者对文化很有研究，可能是一个文化研究者，故选A。DDogsgreetotherdogsnose-first,sniffing(嗅)eachotherfromheadtotoe.Peoplearenotquitesoopenabouttheprocessofsniffingeachotherout.Buttheperfumeindustrysuggestssmellisimportantinhumanrelations,too.Thereisalsoevidencethathumanbeingscanleadtocloserelationship,deduce(推断)emotionalstatesandevendetectdiseaseviathesenseofsmell.Now,InbalRavrebyoftheWeizmannInstituteofScienceinIsraelhasgoneastepfurther.Hethinkhehasbeenabletoprove,admittedlyinafairlysmallsampleofindividuals,thatfriendsactuallysmellalike.Hehasalsoshownthatwithpeoplepickingfriendsatleastpartlyonthebasisofbodyodour(气味),ratherthanthebodyodoursofpeoplewhobecomefriendsafterwardsforming.Butwhy?Tocastlightonwhetherfriendshipcausesasimilarityinsmell,orasimilarityinsmellcausesfriendship,DrRavrebyinvestigatedwhethere-nose(electronicnose)measurementscouldpredictpositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangers(newfriendshipsoftenstartfrombeingstrangers).Toachievethisgoaltheygathered17volunteers,gavethemT-shirtstoweartocollecttheirbodyodours,rantheseodourspastthee-noseandthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayagame.Thatgameinvolvedsilentlymirroringanotherindividual’shandmovements.Participantswerepairedupat random(随机)andtheirreactionswererecorded.Aftereachinteraction,theyshowhowclosetheyfelttotheirfellowgamerbyoverlapping(部分重叠)twocircles(onerepresentingthemselves,theothertheirpartner)onascreen.Themoresimilarthetwosmellswerewhicharebroughtaboutbye-nose,thegreatertheoverlap.Butwhybodyodourmightplayaroleinhelpingtoformfriendshipsremainsunclear.DrRavrebytheorizesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodyodourisknowntobelinkedtogeneticmakeup.Smellingothersmaythusallowhiddenconnectionsaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.12.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph1?A.Peoplewillsnifftheirfriendsinprivate.B.Peoplewillclosetheireyeswhensniffing.C.Sniffingtheirfriendsisnotallowedwhentheymeet.D.Sniffingtheirfriendsisuncommonwhentheymeet.13.AccordingtoDrRavreby,whichcomesfirst,friendshiporsimilarityofsmell?A.Friendship.B.Similarityofsmell.C.Itremainsunclear.D.Itdepends.14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperiment?A.Itinvolvesparticipantswhoarefriendsalready.B.Thee-nosecanhelppredictapossiblefriendship.C.Theoverlappartshowsthetwosmellalike.D.Itaimstofindouthowclosetwopeoplecanbe.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Geneticsimilarity—thestartofourfriendship.B.Dog’ssniff—theoriginofourfriendship.C.Bodyodour—theconnectionofourfriendship.D.E-nose—themeasurementofourfriendship.【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气味可能在友谊的形成中起作用。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Dogsgreetotherdogsnose-first,sniffing(嗅)eachotherfromheadtotoe.Peoplearenotquitesoopenabouttheprocessofsniffingeachother out.(狗互相打招呼时先用鼻子，从头到脚互相嗅对方。人们对彼此嗅出对方的过程不太接受。)”可知，人类见面时闻朋友的气味是不常见的。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hethinkhehasbeenabletoprove,admittedlyinafairlysmallsampleofindividuals,thatfriendsactuallysmellalike. Hehasalsoshownthatwithpeoplepickingfriendsatleastpartlyonthebasisofbodyodour(气味),ratherthanthebodyodoursofpeoplewhobecomefriendsafterwardsforming.(他认为他已经能够证明（诚然是在一个相当小的个体样本中）朋友们的气味实际上是相似的。他还表明，人们选择朋友至少在一定程度上是基于体味，而不是那些在交朋友后成为朋友的人的体味。)”可知，根据Ravreby博士的说法，先有气味相似，然后才形成友谊，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Tocastlightonwhetherfriendshipcausesasimilarityinsmell,orasimilarityinsmellcausesfriendship,DrRavrebyinvestigatedwhethere-nose(electronicnose)measurementscouldpredictpositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangers(newfriendshipsoftenstartfrombeingstrangers).(为了弄清楚是友谊导致气味相似，还是气味相似导致友谊，Ravreby博士调查了电子鼻的测量是否可以预测陌生人之间的积极互动（新的友谊通常是从陌生人开始的）。)”可知，电子鼻可以帮助预测一段可能的友谊。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Buttheperfumeindustrysuggestssmellisimportantinhumanrelations,too.Thereisalsoevidencethathumanbeingscanleadtocloserelationship,deduce(推断)emotionalstatesandevendetectdiseaseviathesenseofsmell.(但香水行业认为，气味在人际关系中也很重要。也有证据表明，人类可以通过嗅觉建立亲密关系，推断情绪状态，甚至检测疾病。)”和第二段“Hehasalsoshownthatwithpeoplepickingfriendsatleastpartlyonthebasisofbodyodour(气味),ratherthanthebodyodoursofpeoplewhobecomefriendsafterwardsforming.(他还表明，人们选择朋友至少在一定程度上是基于体味，而不是那些在交朋友后成为朋友的人的体味。)”可知，本文主要讲的是气味可能在友谊的形成中起作用，因此最好的标题是C选项“Bodyodour—theconnectionofourfriendship.(体味——我们友谊的纽带。)”。故选C。EScientistsattheUniversityofMassachusetts(UMass)announcedrecentlythattheyhaveworkedouthowtodesignabiofilm(生物膜)thatcollectstheenergyinevaporation(蒸发)andchangesittoelectricity.Thisbiofilm,whichwasannouncedinNature,hastheabilitytochangetheworldofwearableelectronics,poweringeverythingfrompersonalmedicalsensors(感应器)topersonalelectronics.“Thisisaveryimpressivetechnology,”saysLiXiumeng,agraduatestudentinelectricalandcomputerenergy,“andunlikeotherso-called‘green-energy’sources,itsproductionisabsolutelygreen.” Thatisbecausethisbiofilm—whichisasheetofbacterialcells(细菌细胞)andasthinasasheetofpaper—isproducednaturallybyanimprovedversionofthebacteriumGeo.Geoisknowntoproduceelectricityandhasbeenusedbeforein“microbialbatteries”topowerelectricalequipment.ButsuchbatteriesrequirethatGeobeproperlycaredforandfedacontinuousdiet.Bycontrast,thisnewbiofilm,whichcansupplyasmuchenergyasabatteryofthesimilarsize,workscontinuously,becauseitisdead.Andbecauseitisdead,itdoesn’tneedtobefed.Thesecretbehindthisnewbiofilmisthatitmakesenergyfromthemoisture(水分)onyourskin.Whilewedailyreadstoriesaboutsolarpower(太阳能),atleast50%ofthesolarenergyreachingtheearthgoestowardevaporatingwater.“Thisisahuge,undiscoveredsourceofenergy,”saysYeXun,professorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatUMass,andthepaper’soneseniorauthor.Sincethesurfaceofourskinisalwayswetwithsweat,thebiofilmcanmakeuseofitandchangetheenergylockedinevaporationintoenoughenergytopowersmallequipment.“Ournextstepistoincreasethesizeofourfilmtopowermoresmarterwearableelectronics,”saysYe,andLipointsoutthatoneofthegoalsistopowerentireelectronicsystems,ratherthansingleequipment.16.WhichcanbiofilmdoaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Inventwearableelectronics.B.Getpowerfromevaporation.C.Supplyenergytomicrobialbatteries.D.Producemoreelectricitythanbefore.17.Thebiofilmisbetterthan“microbialbatteries”because.A.itisrelativelythinnerB.itisenvironmentallyfriendlyC.itappliesarareenergysourceD.itdecreasesthecostinusage18.WhatdoYeandLithinkofthefutureofthebiofilm?A.Doubtful.B.Bright.C.Unclear.D.Harmful.19.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tointroduceustoanewbiofilm.B.Todescribethedisadvantagesofthebiofilm.C.Tocomparethenewbiofilmwithothers.D.Tochangepeople’sviewonthenewbiofilm.【答案】16.B17.D18.B19.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一种生物膜，可以在蒸发过程中收集能量，并将其转化为电能。并且其生产也是真正绿色环保。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ScientistsattheUniversityofMassachusetts(UMass)announcedrecentlythat theyhaveworkedouthowtodesignabiofilm(生物膜)thatcollectstheenergyinevaporation(蒸发)andchangesittoelectricity.(马萨诸塞大学(UniversityofMassachusetts,UMass)的科学家最近宣布，他们已经设计出一种生物膜，可以收集蒸发过程中的能量并将其转化为电能。)”可知，生物膜从蒸发中获取能量，故选B。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Bycontrast,thisnewbiofilm,whichcansupplyasmuchenergyasabatteryofthesimilarsize,workscontinuously,becauseitisdead.Andbecauseitisdead,itdoesn’tneedtobefed.(相比之下，这种新的生物膜可以提供与同等大小的电池一样多的能量，并且可以连续工作，因为它是死的。因为它已经死了，所以不需要喂食。)”可知，生物膜与微生物电池相比，其优势是降低了使用成本，故选D。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thisisahuge,undiscoveredsourceofenergy(这是一种巨大的、未被发现的能源)”和““Ournextstepistoincreasethesizeofourfilmtopowermoresmarterwearableelectronics,”saysYe,andLipointsoutthatoneofthegoalsistopowerentireelectronicsystems,ratherthansingleequipment.(Ye说：“我们的下一步是增加薄膜的尺寸，为更智能的可穿戴电子设备供电。”Li指出，目标之一是为整个电子系统供电，而不是单个设备。)”可知，Ye和Li认为生物膜的未来是光明的，故选B。【19题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“ScientistsattheUniversityofMassachusetts(UMass)announcedrecentlythattheyhaveworkedouthowtodesignabiofilm(生物膜)thatcollectstheenergyinevaporation(蒸发)andchangesittoelectricity.(马萨诸塞大学(UniversityofMassachusetts,UMass)的科学家最近宣布，他们已经设计出一种生物膜，可以收集蒸发过程中的能量并将其转化为电能。)”可知，文章介绍了一种生物膜，可以在蒸发过程中收集能量，并将其转化为电能。并且其生产也是真正的绿色环保，因此本文目的是向我们介绍一种新的生物膜。故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SignsThatYouAreGrowingGrowingisalifelongprocess.Herearethesignsthatshowthatyouareactuallygrowingandnotgettingstuckintheprocess.____20____Often,weseehowbadlypeoplelookwhentheygetoverlyupsetduetounimportantthings.Sothefirstsignofmaturity(成熟)islettingthesmallthingsgoandnotgettingangryoveratinydetailthatdidn’tgoasyouplanned.YoustartforgivingandunderstandingotherpeopleWhenweareyoung,weareoftenunforgiving.Aswemature,wearebetterabletounderstandtheworldbeyond blackandwhite.____21____.Itenablesustolookbeyondtheobviousandletgoofsimplejudgments.Webegintounderstandbetterthatothershavecomplex(复杂的)livesandpersonalities,andsowebecomemorewillingtoforgivetheirmistakes.YoualwayscompletethingsthatmatterImmaturepeopledon’tknowwhentocommit(承诺)themselvesandtheirenergyorresourcesarealwaysnotwellemployed.____22____.Inthisway,theycanoftenkeeptheirpromisesandhonortheircommitments.Youacceptthepossibilityofbeingwrong____23____.Theyarealwaysabletoacceptthepossibilitythattheyarewrong,thattheydon’tknowsomething,becausethereisalwaysmoretolearn.Beingmatureisknowingthatyouarealwaysgrowingup.Youareneverdonelearninganddeveloping.Thismeansthatyoudon’tsetyourselfupasthehighestauthority.____24____.A.YoufollowthecrowdB.YouletthesmallthingsgoC.Instead,maturepeoplefocusoncompletingthingsthatmatterD.ImmatureandmaturepeoplecanbothhaveplansfortheirlivesE.Rather,youopenyourmindtootherideasandnewpossibilitiesF.Becomingmoreunderstandingisasignofstrength,notweaknessG.Maturepeopleappearmoreconfident,however,theyarenotoverconfident【答案】20.B21.F22.C23.G24.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了四种表明你变得成熟的迹象。【20题详解】根据本段内容“Often,weseehowbadlypeoplelookwhentheygetoverlyupsetduetounimportantthings.Sothefirstsignofmaturity(成熟)islettingthesmallthingsgoandnotgettingangryoveratinydetailthatdidn’tgoasyouplanned.(通常，我们看到人们因为不重要的事情而过度沮丧时的样子是多么糟糕。所以成熟的第一个标志就是让小事过去，不要因为没有按计划进行的小细节而生气)”可知，本段提到“让小事过去，不要因为没有按计划进行的小细节而生气”，即建议不计较小事情。故B项“你不计较小事”适合作本节的小标题。故选B。【21题详解】根据标题“Youstartforgivingandunderstandingotherpeople(你开始原谅和理解别人)”；空前“Aswemature,wearebetterabletounderstandtheworldbeyondblackandwhite.( 随着我们的成熟，我们能够更好地理解非黑即白的世界)”及空后“Itenablesustolookbeyondtheobviousandletgoofsimplejudgments.(它使我们能够超越显而易见的事物，放弃简单的判断)”可知，本段的主旨是理解他人，更好地理解非黑即白的世界，F选项中understanding对应标题中understanding。故F项“变得更加善解人意是一种力量，而不是软弱”符合语境。故选F。【22题详解】根据空前“Immaturepeopledon’tknowwhentocommit(承诺)themselvesandtheirenergyorresourcesarealwaysnotwellemployed.(不成熟的人不知道什么时候该承诺自己，他们的精力和资源总是没有得到很好的利用)”及空后“Inthisway,theycanoftenkeeptheirpromisesandhonortheircommitments.(通过这种方式，他们通常可以遵守他们的承诺和履行他们的承诺)”可知，上文提到了不成熟的人的做法，可知本句是在说明成熟的人会怎么做。C选项中maturepeople与上文Immaturepeople相对应。故C项“相反，成熟的人专注于完成重要的事情”符合语境。故选C。【23题详解】根据本节小标题“Youacceptthepossibilityofbeingwrong(你接受错误的可能性)”及空后“Theyarealwaysabletoacceptthepossibilitythattheyarewrong,thattheydon’tknowsomething,becausethereisalwaysmoretolearn.(他们总是能够接受自己错了的可能性，接受自己不知道的可能性，因为总有更多的东西需要学习)”可知，后文提到了某种人能够接受自己错了的可能性，认识到有更多的东西需要学习，G选项中Maturepeople对应后文They。故G项“成熟的人看起来更自信，然而，他们并不是过度自信”符合语境。故选G。【24题详解】根据空前“Youareneverdonelearninganddeveloping.Thismeansthatyoudon’tsetyourselfupasthehighestauthority.(你永远不会停止学习和发展。这意味着你没有把自己设定为最高权威)”可知，上文提到了“没有把自己设定为最高权威”，故本句与上文构成转折，指出这种特性会导致的结果：你会敞开心扉接受其他的想法和新的可能性。故E项“相反，你会敞开心扉接受其他的想法和新的可能性”符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IembarkedonanovernightbusjourneyfromKolhapurtoAurangabadinIndia.Thebus—anordinary,non-air-conditionedone—wasmorethan____25____.All55seatsweretakenandthereweresome20people_____26_____intheaisle(过道).Thehotday____27____thediscomfortofthe10-hourjourney.BecauseIwastravellingonastudentbuspassIhadnochoicebuttostand. Afterapproximatelytwoextendedhours,Iwaswetwith_____28_____inthenoiseofthebus.Isuddenly_____29_____ahandtappingmyhand,askingfor_____30_____.Turningaround,Ifoundamiddle-agedmanwithasmilelookingupatme.HestoodupandsaidIcouldtakehis_____31_____foralittlewhile.Iwaspleasantly_____32_____andimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer,myentirebodyfeelingasenseofrelief.Andthemanjuststoodnexttome,lookingaround.Afterabout20minutes,Isignaledhimto_____33_____hisspace.Anotherman,whowassittingbythewindowontheothersideofthebus,hadobservedour______34______.Justthensomething______35______happened.Ourobserverstoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman.Allofasudden,wehadunexpectedlycausedachainreaction:almostallthestandeesgota(n)______36______tobeseated.Moresurprisingly,peopleevenstartedchattingwitheachotherwhileexchangingtheirpositions,andsoonbegansharingjokes.Needlesstosay,therestofthejourneywasquite______37______.Thebusreacheditsdestinationthenextmorning.Istoodintheearlymorninglight,wavinggoodbyetothegroups,whowenttheirseparateroutines.Butthisextraordinaryexperiencehasstayedwithmeafteralltheyears.Iamalways______38______ofanimportantlifelesson—thatwecanall______39______whatwehave,includingourburdens,andhelpourco-passengersinthejourneyoflife.25.A.narrowedB.packedC.advancedD.delayed26.A.standingB.sittingC.lyingD.moving27.A.appliedforB.madeupC.addedtoD.workedout28.A.rainB.waterC.tearsD.sweat29.A.gaveB.heldC.suppliedD.sensed30.A.companyB.helpC.contactD.attention31.A.adviceB.seatC.handD.instruction32.A.frightenedB.surprisedC.awkwardD.confident 33.A.takebackB.setupC.cutinD.giveout34.A.adventureB.conversationC.dealD.exchange35.A.confusingB.powerfulC.magicalD.positive36.A.challengeB.goalC.arrangementD.chance37.A.enjoyableB.gloriousC.shockingD.admirable38.A.warnedB.remindedC.freedD.affected39.A.throwB.deliverC.shareD.track【答案】25.B26.A27.C28.D29.D30.D31.B32.B33.A34.D35.C36.D37.A38.B39.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者在一次乘坐夜间巴士旅行的途中发生的美妙故事，有座位的乘客与没有座位的乘客交换坐下，旅途变得充满欢笑，这也让作者意识到分享的意义。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这辆巴士——一辆普通的、没有空调的巴士——非常拥挤。A.narrowed狭窄的；B.packed挤满人的，异常拥挤的；C.advanced先进的；D.delayed延误的。根据后文“All55seatsweretakenandthereweresome20people_____2_____intheaisle(过道).(所有55个座位都被占满了，大约有20人……在过道上。)”可知，车上挤满了人，非常拥挤。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有55个座位都被占满了，大约有20人站在过道上。A.standing站立；B.sitting坐下；C.lying躺；D.moving移动。根据句中的“All55seatsweretaken”可知，所有55个座位被占满了，所以还有大约22人站在过道上。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：炎热的天使这10个小时的旅程更加不舒服。A.appliedfor申请；B.madeup化妆，形成，编造；C.addedto增添，使增加；D.workedout计算出。根据前文“Thebus—anordinary, non-air-conditionedone—wasmorethan____1____.(这辆巴士——一辆普通的、没有空调的巴士——非常拥挤。)”可知，车上非常拥挤且没有空调，而炎热的天气又增加了旅程的不适感。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了大约两个非常漫长的小时，我在公共汽车的噪音中被汗水湿透了。A.rain雨；B.water水；C.tears泪水；D.sweat汗水。根据前文中的“non-air-conditionedone”和“Thehotday”以及空前的“wet”可知，车里没有空调，天气又非常炎热，所以作者被汗水浸透了。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然感觉到一只手在轻拍我的手，请求注意。A.gave给；B.held抓，握；C.supplied供应；D.sensed感觉到，意识到。根据空后的“ahandtappingmyhand”可知，作者应该是感觉到有人在轻拍自己的手。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.company陪伴；B.help帮助；C.contact联系；D.attention注意。根据后文“Turningaround,Ifoundamiddle-agedmanwithasmilelookingupatme.HestoodupandsaidIcouldtakehis_____7_____foralittlewhile.(转过身来，我发现一个中年男子微笑着抬头看着我。他站起来说，我可以坐他的_____7_____一会儿。)”可知，这位中年男子拍作者的手应该是要引起作者的注意，以便说出自己的想法。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站起来，说我可以在他的座位上坐一会儿。A.advice建议；B.seat座位；C.hand手；D.instruction指示，命令。根据后文“immediatelyacceptedhisoffer,myentirebodyfeelingasenseofrelief”可知，作者坐在了这位男子的座位上。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到惊喜，立刻接受了他的邀请，全身如释重负。A.frightened害怕的；B.surprised吃惊的；C.awkward令人尴尬的；D.confident自信的。根据后文“myentirebodyfeelingasenseofrelief.(我全身如释重负。)”可知，作者应该是感到惊喜的。根据前文“HestoodupandsaidIcouldtakehis_____7_____foralittlewhile.(他站起来说，我可以坐他的_____7_____一会儿。)”可知，素未相识的男子主动邀请作者坐一会儿自己的座位，作者应是非常惊喜的。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：大约20分钟后，我示意他收回自己的座位。A.takeback收回；B.setup创建，安排；C.cutin插嘴；D.giveout用完，放出（热、光等）。根据前文“Icouldtakehis_____7_____foralittlewhile”和“acceptedhisoffer”可知，作者接受了那位男士的好意，所以此处是说在20分钟之后，作者让那位男士收回自己的座位。故选A。 【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐在汽车另一边靠窗的一个人看到了我们的交换。A.adventure冒险；B.conversation对话；C.deal交易；D.exchange交换。根据前文“HestoodupandsaidIcouldtakehis_____7_____foralittlewhile.(他站起来，说我可以坐他的座位一会儿。)”以及“Afterabout20minutes,Isignaledhimto_____9_____hisspace.(大约20分钟后，我示意他收回自己的座位。)”可知，那位男士将座位让给作者坐了一会儿，然后作者20分钟之后将座位还给了那位男士，这是一种交换。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，神奇的事情发生了。A.confusing令人困惑的；B.powerful强有力的，有影响力的；C.magical神奇的；D.positive积极的。根据后文“Ourobserverstoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman.Allofasudden,wehadunexpectedlycausedachainreaction:almostallthestandeesgota(n)_____12_____tobeseated.(我们这位目击者站起来，把座位让给另一个站着的人。突然之间，我们出乎意料地引起了连锁反应：几乎所有的站着的人都得到了一个_____12_____来坐下。)”可知，作者和那位男士交换坐座位引起了其他人也这么做，这是一件神奇的事情。故选C。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我们出乎意料地引起了连锁反应：几乎所有站着的人都有机会入座。A.challenge挑战；B.goal目标；C.arrangement安排；D.chance机会。根据空前的“thestandeesgota(n)”和空后的“tobeseated”可知，在作者他们的影响下，那些坐着的人与站着的人也交换起来，站着的人有机会坐下来。故选D。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用说，接下来的旅程相当愉快。A.enjoyable令人愉快的；B.glorious光荣的；C.shocking惊人的；D.admirable令人羡慕的。根据前文“peopleevenstartedchattingwitheachotherwhileexchangingtheirpositions,andsoonbegansharingjokes”可知，车上的人们在交换位置的同时开始聊天和分享笑话，所以接下来的旅程是愉快的。故选A。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我总是想起一个重要的人生教训——我们都可以分享我们所拥有的，包括我们的负担，并在人生旅程中帮助我们的同伴。A.warned警告；B.reminded使想起；C.freed释放；D.affected影响。根据前文“Butthisextraordinaryexperiencehasstayedwithmeafteralltheyears.(但这么多年过去了，这种非凡的经历一直伴随着我。)”和空后的“ofanimportantlifelesson”可知，作者一直铭记这段经历，因为这次经历总是作者想起人生重要的一课。故选B。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.throw抛，扔；B.deliver递送，传送；C.share分享；D.track 跟踪，追踪。根据前文内容和空后的“whatwehave”可知，那位男士把自己的座位让给作者坐一会儿，这引发了车内其他人也这么做，这是在分享自己所拥有的东西。故选C。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Askywell,or“tianjing”(天井)inMandarin,isatypicalfeatureofa____40____(tradition)homeinsouthernandeasternChina.DifferentfromanorthernChinesecourtyard,generallyspeaking,askywellis____41____(small)andlessexposedtotheoutdoorenvironment.Skywellsare_____42_____(common)seeninhomesdatingbacktoMingandQingdynasties,whichwerebuilttohouse_____43_____(generation)ofrelatives.Skywellsmanaged____44____(cool)buildingsinanerawellbeforeair-conditioningexisted.Whenwindblowsaboveaskywellhouse,itcanentertheindoorspacethroughtheopening.Sinceoutdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,theincomingwindtravelsdownthewallstothelowerstories____45____createsairflowsbyreplacingwarmerindoorair,____46____risesandleavesthroughtheopening.Designedtoserveas_____47_____gatheringspaceforfamiliesorcommunitiesaswell,skywellbuildings___48___(exist)inChinaforhundredsofyears.Althoughinrecenttimestheyhaveoftenbeenforgottenbypeople_____49_____(prefer)modernfacilities,duetoarevivalofourChinesearchitecture,skywellbuildingshavebeenmakingacomeback.【答案】40.traditional41.smaller42.commonly43.generations44.tocool45.and46.which47.a48.haveexisted49.preferring【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“天井”这一中国传统住宅典型设计的地理分布、作用、历史和现状。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：天井，普通话中的“tianjing”，是中国南部和东部传统民居的典型特征。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作定语，修饰home，应使用形容词。traditional意为“传统的”。故填traditional。【41题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：与中国北方的庭院不同，天井更小，在户外环境中暴露得更少。根据句中的“northernChinesecourtyard(中国北方的庭院)”以及“askywell(天井)”和and后的“lessexposed”可知，此处将两者进行比较，空处应填形容词的比较级。故填smaller。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：天井常见于可追溯至明清时期的房屋中，这些房屋是为容纳几代亲属而建造的。分析句子结构，空处在句子中修饰aresee，应使用副词。commonly意为“通常，常常”。故填commonly。【43题详解】考查名词数。句意参考上题。generation意为“一代人，代”，为可数名词。空前没有限定词，这里应用复数。故填generations。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：早在空调存在之前的那个时代，天井就已经能为建筑物降温了。managetodosth.意为“设法做成某事”，不定式作宾语。故填tocool。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：由于室外空气通常比室内空气凉，所以进来的风沿着墙壁传播到较低的楼层，并通过替换室内较暖的空气而产生气流，室内较暖的空气通过开口上升和离开。根据句意，“travelsdownthewallstothelowerstories”和“createsairflowsbyreplacingwarmerindoorair”之间是并列关系，所以应用and连接。故填and。【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代先行词warmerindoorair，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。【47题详解】考查冠词。句意：天井建筑被设计成家庭或社区的聚会空间，在中国已经存在了数百年。根据空后的gatheringspace可知，这里表示泛指，且gathering的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。【48题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意参考上题。根据句中的时间状语“forhundredsofyears”可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语skywellbuildings表示复数，所以谓语应用复数。故填haveexisted。【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管近年来，更喜欢现代设施的人们往往会忘记它们，但由于中国传统建筑的复兴，天井建筑已经再度流行起来。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作定语，应使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以使用现在分词。故填preferring。第四部分写作(共两节，满分30分) 第一节单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)根据首字母提示和括号内的中文意思填写所需单词的适当形式。(注意：请在答题卡上填写完整单词)50.Thewiseoldmansharedhisw__________(智慧，才智)withtheyoungergeneration,offeringvaluableinsights.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】wisdom##isdom【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这位睿智的老人与年轻一代分享了他的智慧，提供了宝贵的见解。根据中英文提示可知应填名词wisdom，作宾语，不可数。故填wisdom。51.C_________(作弊，欺骗)insportseventsisconsideredaseriousoffenseandcanresultindisqualification.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】Cheating##heating【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：在体育比赛中作弊被认为是严重的违法行为，可能会导致取消参赛资格。根据首字母和中文提示可知，空处应用动词cheat，且空处和空后的insportsevents搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语动词，此处介绍的是一件已知的事情，cheat应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Cheating。52.Thestones_________(击打，敲打)herontheforeheadyesterday.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】struck##truck【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天石头砸在她的额头上。由首字母提示s可知，“击打，敲打”是strike，由yesterday可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式struck，故填struck。53.Despitethechaosaroundher,sheremainedc_________(镇静的，沉着的)inthefaceofadversity.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】calm##alm【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管周围一片混乱，她在逆境中仍然保持冷静。空格处用形容词作表语，由首字母提示c可知，“镇静的，沉着的”是calm。故填calm。54.Theearthquakelastnightd_________(毁坏，摧毁)theentireneighborhoods,leavingbehindatrailofdevastation.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】destroyed##estroyed【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：昨晚的地震摧毁了整个社区，留下了满目疮痍的痕迹。空处应用动词，作句子的谓语。结合中英文提示，这里应用destroy，为及物动词。根据句中的lastnight，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填destroyed。55.Whenc_________(比较，对比)withothermethods,thenewapproachprovedtobemoreefficientandcost-effective.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】compared##ompared【解析】【详解】考查时态，语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：通过与其他方法的比较，证明了新方法的效率和成本效益。由首字母提示c可知，“比较，对比”是compare，新方法是被拿去和其他方法比较，且句子描述过去的事情，因此when引导的从句是whenitwascomparedwithothermethods，when引导的时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是compared。故填compared。56.Theconcertdrewalargea_________(观众)whowereeagertoenjoytheperformanceofthefamousmusician.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】audience##udience【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：音乐会吸引了大批观众，他们渴望欣赏这位著名音乐家的表演。由首字母提示a可知，“观众”是audience，是集合名词，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填audience。57.Thefiercec_________(竞争)amongthetwoparticipantsshowcasedtheirdeterminationandskill.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】competition##ompetition【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：两位参赛者的激烈竞争显示了他们的决心和技巧。由首字母提示c可知，“竞争”使用名词competition，此处指一场竞争，因此空格处用单数，故填competition。58.Theteamwasd_________(下定决心的)towinthechampionshipandtrainedtirelesslyformonths.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】determined##etermined【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：这支队伍下定决心要赢得冠军，并不知疲倦地训练了几个月。根据中英文提示，空处应用形容词determined，作表语。bedeterminedtodosth.意为“下定决心做某事”。故填determined。 59.Thee_________(紧急情况，突发事件)exitisclearlymarkedandshouldbeusedintheeventofafireorotherurgentsituations.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】emergency##mergency【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：紧急出口有清楚的标志，在发生火灾或其他紧急情况时应使用。“紧急情况，突发事件”是emergency，emergencyexit意为“紧急出口”，emergency，名词作定语。故填emergency。第二节应用文写作(满分20分)60.假设你是李华，你校英文网站新增了《Health》栏目，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.中学生健康现状；2.健康的重要性；3.呼吁关注健康。注意：(1)词数100字左右；(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】TeenHealthMattersInthemidstofheavyacademicpressure,insufficientsleep,andalackofsports,highschoolstudentsareconfrontedwithsignificantchallengestotheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Someareevenstrugglingwithissueslikeinsomniaandanxiety.Actually,well-beingcontributestooverallphysicalfitness,fosterspositiverelationshipsandenhancesourabilitiestoenjoylife.Besides,physicalandmentalhealthcultivatessomegoodqualitiessuchasresilience,helpingindividualsbouncebackfromobstaclesandadversities.Prioritizinghealthnotonlyaidsintacklingacademicstressbutalsofostersagoodmindset.Embracingahealthylifestylefromayoungagelaysthefoundationforavibrantandfulfillinglife.Let’sworktogether,embracingahealthywayoflivingandpavingthewayforauniqueandfantasticjourneythroughouttheirlives. 【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生写一篇短文向学校英文网站《Health》栏目投稿。内容包括：1.中学生健康现状；2.健康的重要性；3.呼吁关注健康。【详解】1.词汇积累压力：pressure→stress不足的：insufficient→inadequate培养：foster→develop另外：besides→moreover2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Someareevenstrugglingwithissueslikeinsomniaandanxiety.拓展句：Someareevenstrugglingwithissueswhichincludeinsomniaandanxiety.【点睛】[高分句型1]Besides,physicalandmentalhealthcultivatessomegoodqualitiessuchasresilience,helpingindividualsbouncebackfromobstaclesandadversities.(运用了现在分词作状语)