四川省成都市石室中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷（Word版附解析）

成都石室中学2023—2024学年度上期高2024届半期考试英语试卷满分150分考试时间：120分钟第I卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthewomandoyesterday?A.Shefinishedherdailyreports.B.Shetypedane-mail.C.Shehadameeting.2.Wheredoesthemanplantoputthepainting?A.Inthekitchen.B.Inthelivingroom.C.Inthefronthallway.3.Whathappenedtotheman’sson?A.Hehadacaraccident.B.Hefellintowater.C.Hegotlost.4.Whenwillthespeakersgotothetheater?A.After7:00pm.B.After8:00pm.C.After9:00pm.5Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisbetterthanarepairman.B.She’llbuyanewrefrigerator.C.Shewantstosavemoney.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答6、7题。6.Whendoesthepartystart?A.At7:15pm.B.At7:30pm.C.At7:45pm.7.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A.Theparkinglotoftherestaurant. B.Thelocationoftherestaurant.C.Thetrafficcondition.听第7段材料，回答8、9题。8.Wholeftthecompany?A.Lisa.B.Steve.C.Tim.9.Whathasthemanbeentryingtodo?A.Giveupcoffee.B.Sleepless.C.Hirenewemployees.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoestheboylikedoing?AWalkingaround.B.Makingupstories.C.Playingballgames.11.Whatdoestheboythinkofthewoman’sadvice?A.Interesting.B.Reasonable.C.Unattractive.12.Whywillthewomangointotheotherroom?A.Togivetheboysomespace.B.Tofindaperfectseat.C.Tocleanthewindow.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisgrade?A.Itwassatisfying.B.Itwasdisappointing.C.Itwasanimprovement.14.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A.Howtodealwithstress.B.Howtowriteapaper.C.Howtoquitschool.15.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Watchamovie.B.Haveagoodrest.C.Gotothewoman’shouse.16.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Motherandson.C.Friends.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What’sthepurposeofthetalk?A.Towarnpeopleofsomefood.B.Toremindpeopleofthesales.C.Totellpeopletheshoprules.18.Whatisincludedinthelist?A.Potatoes.B.Beef.C.Frozenpeas. 19.What’sthetimelimitforafullrefund?A.Withinaweek.B.Withinamonth.C.Withinsixweeks.20.Whatmustacustomerbringbackifhewantsarefund?A.Thereceiptforthepurchase.B.Half-eatencannedtomatoes.C.Theshoppinglist.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AExpectingtotravelabroadbutlackingaloosebudget?Interestedinmeaningfulvolunteeringprogramsbutworriedaboutissueslikeyoursecurityorworkingconditions?Herecomesarightplaceforyou—KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary(保护区).HighlightswVolunteeringwithelephantsandbringingthembackintotheirnaturalhabitatwMakingadifferenceintheconservationeffortstosaveelephantslivingunderawfulconditionswHelpingteachEnglishtothecommunitiesandraisingawarenessaboutthecaptive(圈养的)elephantsituationwWanderingtheforestsandobserveelephant’snaturalbehaviorsintheirhomeenvironmentOurSanctuaryOursanctuaryhasrescued5elephantsfromthetourismindustryandwehavenowbroughtthemhometoliveouttheirlivesintheforest,insemi-wildconditions.Weneedvolunteerstohelpuskeeptheseelephantshappyandhealthyintheirnaturalhabitat.Withvolunteersupport,wehopetoreturnmoreelephantstotheforestsoon.YourtaskswPerformingresearchonthenaturalelephantbehaviorsandthesurroundingforestwTakingpartincommunityprojectssuchasteachingEnglishattheschoolandtootherlocalswCarryingoutlitterpick-upswiththekidstoeducateonwastemanagementYourRoughSchedule:Day1:PickupfromChiangMaiat9am.Travelthroughanationalparkandstunningmountainsuntilyouarriveinouruniquevillage.Meetyourhomestayfamilyandtheothervolunteers,andimmerseyourselfinhilltribeculture.Day2:Wakeupearlytohikeintheforestandfindourelephants.Spendthemorningrecordingandlearningabouttheseamazinganimalsandtheirnaturalbehaviors.Returntothevillageinthelateafternoonandtakepartin ourcommunity&camp&teachingprojects.Day3:Anotherearlystarttohiketoobserveourelephantsonelasttime.ReturntoChiangMaiintheafternoon.1.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofvolunteerworkatthesanctuary?A.Lookingaftercaptiveelephantswiththelocals.B.Seekingandobservingelephantsinnaturalforests.C.Helpingrescueelephantslivinginthepoorenvironment.D.Teachingpeopletoconserveelephants’naturalhabitat.2.Whatshouldyoudoasavolunteerthere?A.Youshouldparticipateinanti-povertyprojects.B.Youshouldhavethegreatabilitytogohikingfordays.C.Youshouldmasterlocallanguagesandknowabouttribeculture.D.Youshouldundertakeresearchintowildelephantsindependently.3.Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom?A.Aholidaybrochure.B.Atraveljournal.C.Ageographicalessay.D.Aneducationalwebsite.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是KindredSpirit大象保护区的志愿者招募信息。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据Highlights部分中“Makingadifferenceintheconservationeffortstosaveelephantslivingunderawfulconditions(为保护生活在恶劣环境下的大象做出了贡献)”和OurSanctuary部分中“Oursanctuaryhasrescued5elephantsfromthetourismindustryandwehavenowbroughtthemhometoliveouttheirlivesintheforest,insemi-wildconditions.(我们的保护区从旅游业中救出了5头大象，现在我们把它们带回家，让它们在半野生的条件下在森林中生活。)”可推知，保护区志愿工作之一是帮助拯救生活在恶劣环境中的大象。故选C项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据YourRoughSchedule部分中“Travelthroughanationalparkandstunningmountainsuntilyouarriveinouruniquevillage.(穿过一个国家公园和壮丽的山脉，直到你到达我们独特的村庄。)”、“Wakeupearlytohikeintheforestandfindourelephants.(早起在森林里徒步旅行，找到我们的大象。)”和“Anotherearlystarttohiketoobserveourelephantsonelasttime.(又一次提早徒步出发，最后一次观察我们的大象。) ”可推知，作为一名志愿者，你应该具有连续几天徒步旅行的能力。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Expectingtotravelabroadbutlackingaloosebudget?Interestedinmeaningfulvolunteeringprogramsbutworriedaboutissueslikeyoursecurityorworkingconditions?Herecomesarightplaceforyou—KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary(保护区).(想出国旅游，但预算不够宽裕?对有意义的志愿活动感兴趣，但担心安全或工作条件等问题?这里有一个适合你的地方——KindredSpirit大象保护区)”可知，本文为想出国旅游但预算不足，或想作志愿者又担心安全或工作条件的人提供了一份大象保护区的志愿者工作，与国外旅游有关。所以，文章可能出自假日宣传册。故选A项。BHavinggrownupinnorthernArizonawiththeimmortalGrandCanyonandtheironredplateausofSedonainmybackyardIbelievedthatthesouthwesternstateishometothemostbeautifullandscapesontheplanet.Toweringmountaintitans,acozyvalleyandaninfiniteblueskypromisedfantasticpotentialforexploration.Forme,nonewlydiscoveredsightsorforeignlandscapescancomparewithitsbeauty.Thatis,untilIwasinvitedtoexploreGuizhouprovincebytheChinaStorytellerPartnershipsTour.HadsomeonevividlydescribedhowbeautifulGuizhoucanbeinpoeticdetail,theywouldnothavedoneitexactly.Thereisnosubstituteforseeingwithone’sowneyes.Iwillattempttodoso.DuringmytriparoundthecityofXingyi,inGuizhou,IsawtheartworkoftheBouyeiethnicgroup.Theyusedyesproducedfromlocalplantstomakeclothingofstrikingbluesandgreens.Localeldersstillpracticeweavingwithartfulwoodenmachinesandpassthattraditionontotheirgrandchildren.MyfatherusedtodragmybrothersandmeonyearlyfishingtripsaroundArizona.Wewouldcompetetocatchthelargestfish,andinthemornings,Dadwouldcookusabasicbreakfastofbacon,eggs,andtoast.Isatinasmallboatinthemiddleofthelake,withfishingpolemovingslowlyinmyimpatienthands,andheldmyboredtonguewhilemyfatherattemptedtosharewithmethewhispersofthewind,afishdancingonthesurfaceofthelakeorthemajestyofahawkhuntingforpreyoverhead.OnmytriptoGuizhouIhadtheopportunitytopaddleonWanfenglake.AtonepointIrested,floatingatthecenterofthelake,listeningtothespacesbetweensilenceandtakinginthesurroundingkarst(喀斯特)mountains.Ithoughtaboutmychildhood,andwishedIhadlistenedmorecloselytomyfatherwhilefishing.I’velivedawayfromArizonafor10longyears,carvingmyowndestinyinChina.I’vemanagedtobuildmyselfafamily,acareer,alivelihood,andvariousprojects.IfeelasthoughIhaveeverythingthatIneed.Foramoment,inGuizhou,Ifelthome. 4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’shometown?A.SituatedinthenorthofUS,itishometoGrandCanyon.B.Ithasvariedlandscapes,rangingfromplateautovalley.C.Apparently,there’snocomparisonintermsofbeauty.D.Theauthorspenthischildhoodandadulthoodinhishometown.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“substitute”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Experience.B.Replacement.C.Objection.D.Agreement.6.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph4?A.Toexpresshisregretnotlisteningtohisfatherattentively.B.Torecallthemostunforgettableexperiencewithhisfamily.C.TocomparethetriponWangfenglakewithhisformerfishingtrips.D.TosuggestthathistripinGuizhoutakeshimbacktohischildhood.7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhislifeinGuizhou?A.Inevitable.B.Favorable.C.Demanding.D.Astonishing.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个美国人对中国山水和人文的依恋。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“HavinggrownupinnorthernArizonawiththeimmortalGrandCanyonandtheironredplateausofSedonainmybackyard,Ibelievedthatthesouthwesternstateishometothemostbeautifullandscapesontheplanet.(我在亚利桑那州北部长大，在我的后院有不朽的大峡谷和铁红色的塞多纳高原，我相信这个西南部的州是地球上最美丽的风景的家园。)”可知，作者的家乡拥有从高原到山谷的各种景观。故选B。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“Thatis,untilIwasinvitedtoexploreGuizhouprovincebytheChinaStorytellerPartnershipsTour.HadsomeonevividlydescribedhowbeautifulGuizhoucanbeinpoeticdetail,theywouldnothavedoneitexactly.(直到“中国故事共创会活动”带我走进贵州，贵州之行让我仿佛回到故乡。贵州的美曾在诗句中有所体现。) ”可知，作者在去贵州之前知道贵州的美曾在诗句中体现，直到他去了贵州，才体会到去了贵州就如同回到了自己美丽的家乡，因此推断划线句句意：没有亲身体会是无法感知到的，也就是说没有什么可替代。划线词与B项“代替”意思相近。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。第四段第一句“MyfatherusedtodragmybrothersandmeonyearlyfishingtripsaroundArizona.(我父亲过去每年都会拉着我和兄弟们去亚利桑那州钓鱼。)”提到了作者的父亲带作者去钓鱼，接下来描述了当时与父亲在一起钓鱼的经历和作者贵州之行的经历，结合最后一句“Ithoughtaboutmychildhood,andwishedIhadlistenedmorecloselytomyfatherwhilefishing.(我想起了我的童年，真希望我在钓鱼的时候能更仔细地听父亲的话。)”可推断，本段的目的是表明贵州之行让作者回忆起自己的童年时光。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I’velivedawayfromArizonafor10longyears,carvingmyowndestinyinChina.I’vemanagedtobuildmyselfafamily,acareer,alivelihood,andvariousprojects.IfeelasthoughIhaveeverythingthatIneed.Foramoment,inGuizhou,Ifelthome.(离开亚利桑那州10年之久，我来到中国重塑新生，建立了自己的家庭和事业，参与过各种活动，似乎已经拥有了我所需要的一切。徜徉在贵州的那一刻，我仿佛回到故乡，重温往日美好。)”可推断，对于在贵州的生活，作者是称赞的。故选B。CTherecentreportsofa4-year-oldgirlonaShanghaibeachhavegoneviralonsocialmediaplatforms,provokingdebateaboutwhetherChinashouldcriminalizenegligenceinchildsupervision.Thefatherofthelittlegirlclaimedthatheleftheraloneonthebeachforabout12minutestofetchhisphone.However,shewasnowheretobefoundwhenhewasback.Surveillance(监控)videosshowthatshewaitedforabout10minutesbeforewalkingtowardthewater’sedgealone,andthendisappearedintothewater.Twoweekslater,herbodywasdiscoveredabout100kilometersawayinneighboringZhejiangProvince.Thecoreissueinthiscaseisthefather’sleavinghisyoungdaughterunattendedonthebeach,causinghertragicdeath.Shouldsuchbehavior,whenitcausesharmtoachild,beseenasacriminalact?Inanonlinesurvey,morethan90percentofrespondentsinsistedthatthefatherbeheldlegallyresponsibleandfacecriminalpunishments.Nevertheless,accordingtoLiuChunquan,alawyer,itmaynotsatisfythecriteriaforcriminalnegligence,sincetheprimaryfocusofChinesecriminallawisonextremecasesofparentalneglect,suchasphysicalabuseandmentaltorture.Rarelydolegalauthoritieschargeparents;instead,theyarejustlikelytofacepenaltiesconsistingofwarningsandfines.In2022,a2-year-oldbabydrownedinacesspoolwhileinthecompanyofhisfather.Thecourtruledsharedresponsibilitybetweenthefatherandthecesspool’sowner,witha7:3proportion.Theownerwasorderedtopay20,000yuantothechild’sfamily.Unluckily,similarcasesdoexistnationwide.Roughly,100,000childrenlose theirlivesinaccidentsannuallyinChina,whichislargelyduetonegligence,suchasparentsleavingtheirchildrenunattended,eitherinlockedcarsorathome.Besides,drowningisnowthemaincauseofdeathforchildrenaged1to14yearsold.Itisnowonderthatanincreasingnumberofnetizensrequestthatspecificlawsandregulationsbepassedtoensurethesafetyofchildrenandtheirwell-being.Hopefully,criminalizingchildsupervisionnegligenceinChinacanserveasawarningandprecaution.However,downsidesofintroducingsuchlegislationmayalsoemerge.Forinstance,it’sdifficulttodistinguishbetweenaregrettableaccidentandcriminalnegligence,sothatover-criminalizationcanbetriggered,inwhichwell-meaningparentsmakinghonestmistakesarechargedwithacrime.Therefore,amorebalancedapproachtoaddressingtheissueofinfantsafetyshouldinvolveacombinationofnewlegislation,educationandsupportservices.Theultimateobjectiveistopreventsimilarcatastrophesinthefuture.Wemustrecognizethatchildrenarenotonlytheirparents’offspring,butalsothenation’sfuture.8.Whatcanweinferfromthetragedyofthe4-year-oldgirl?A.Herfather’scarelessnessandnegligenceshouldbetoblame.B.ThebeachinShanghaishouldnotbeopentosmallchildren.C.Herfatherhasbeensentencedtoseverepenaltiesbythepolice.D.Shewouldhavesurvivedifshehadnotwaitedinthewaterforalongtime.9.Whatarethefiguresinparagraph5intendedtoprove?A.Irresponsibleadultscontributetochildren’sdeath.B.Peoplecan’tbetooconcernedaboutchildsafety.C.Kidsshouldn’tbeallowedtoswimalone.D.Parents’constantmonitoringisamust.10.Updatedlegislationinchildsupervisionisindemandforthefollowingreasonsexcept_______.A.themildpenaltiesintheexistinglawsB.parents’ignoranceofpotentialdangersC.frequentoccurrenceofsuchincidentsD.massesofnetizens’urgentappeals11.WhatattitudedoestheauthorholdtocriminalizingchildsupervisionnegligenceinChina?A.Indifferent.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Supportive.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过上海海滩上4岁女孩因为父亲疏忽导致死亡的事件作为引入，提出了关于父母对儿童造成伤害是否应被视为犯罪行为进行了讨论。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thecoreissueinthiscaseisthefather’sleavinghisyoungdaughterunattendedon thebeach,causinghertragicdeath.Shouldsuchbehavior,whenitcausesharmtoachild,beseenasacriminalact?Inanonlinesurvey,morethan90percentofrespondentsinsistedthatthefatherbeheldlegallyresponsibleandfacecriminalpunishments.(这个案件的核心问题是父亲把他年幼的女儿遗弃在海滩上，导致了她的悲惨死亡。当这种行为对儿童造成伤害时，是否应被视为犯罪行为？在一项在线调查中，超过90%的受访者坚持认为父亲应该承担法律责任并面临刑事处罚)”可推知，4岁女孩父亲的粗心大意应该受到责备。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Roughly,100,000childrenlosetheirlivesinaccidentsannuallyinChina,whichislargelyduetonegligence,suchasparentsleavingtheirchildrenunattended,eitherinlockedcarsorathome.Besides,drowningisnowthemaincauseofdeathforchildrenaged1to14yearsold.(在中国，每年大约有10万名儿童在交通事故中丧生，这主要是由于疏忽造成的，比如父母把孩子留在锁着的车里或家里，无人看管。此外，溺水现在是1至14岁儿童死亡的主要原因)”可知，很多儿童的死亡都是监护人的粗心大意造成的。由此推知，第5段中的数字想要证明人们对儿童安全再关心也不为过。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Rarelydolegalauthoritieschargeparents;instead,theyarejustlikelytofacepenaltiesconsistingofwarningsandfines.(法律当局控告父母；相反，他们可能只会面临警告和罚款的处罚)”；第五段“Roughly,100,000childrenlosetheirlivesinaccidentsannuallyinChina,whichislargelyduetonegligence,suchasparentsleavingtheirchildrenunattended,eitherinlockedcarsorathome.Besides,drowningisnowthemaincauseofdeathforchildrenaged1to14yearsold.(在中国，每年大约有10万名儿童在交通事故中丧生，这主要是由于疏忽造成的，比如父母把孩子留在锁着的车里或家里，无人看管。此外，溺水现在是1至14岁儿童死亡的主要原因)”可知，需要更新儿童监管法的原因是：目前对监管人惩罚过轻，父母对潜在危险的疏忽，此类事件的频发。D选项“广大网民的紧急呼吁”不是需要更新儿童监管的立法的原因。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However,downsidesofintroducingsuchlegislationmayalsoemerge.(然而，引入此类立法的弊端也可能出现)”以及最后一段“Therefore,amorebalancedapproachtoaddressingtheissueofinfantsafetyshouldinvolveacombinationofnewlegislation,educationandsupportservices.Theultimateobjectiveistopreventsimilarcatastrophesinthefuture.Wemustrecognizethatchildrenarenotonlytheirparents’offspring,butalsothenation’sfuture.(因此，解决婴儿安全问题的更平衡的办法应该包括新的立法、教育和支助服务的结合。最终目标是防止未来发生类似的灾难。我们必须认识到，孩子不仅是父母的后代，也是国家的未来)”可推知，作者对在中国将儿童监护过失定为刑事犯罪持客观态度。故选C。D Itiswidelyacceptedthatbeingoverweightdefinitelyposesadangertoourhealth.Accordingtoanewstudy,obesitymayevendamagethebrain’sabilitytorecognizethesensationoffullnessandbesatisfiedaftereatingfatsandsugars.Further,thosebrainchangesmaylastevenafterpeopleconsideredmedicallyobeseloseasignificantamountofweight—possiblyexplainingwhymanypeopleoftenregainthepoundstheylose.Thestudy,publishedMondayinNatureMetabolism,wasacontrolledclinicaltrialinwhich30peopleconsideredtobemedicallyobeseand30peopleofnormalweightwerefedsugarcarbohydrates(glucose),fats(lipids)orwater(asacontrol).Eachgroupofnutrientswasfeddirectlyintothestomachviaafeedingtubeonseparatedays.Thenightbeforethetesting,all60studyparticipantshadthesamemealfordinnerathomeanddidnoteatagainuntilthefeedingtubewasinplacethenextmorning.Aseithersugarsorfatsenteredthestomachviathetube,researchersusedfunctionalmagneticresonance(磁共振)imagingandsingle-photonemissioncomputedtomography(断层扫描技术)tocapturethebrain’sresponseover30minutes.Inpeoplewithnormalweight,thestudyfoundbrainsignalsinthestriatum(纹状体)slowedwheneithersugarsorfatswereputintothedigestivesystem—evidencethatthebrainrecognizedthebodyhadbeenfed.Atthesametime,levelsofdopamineroseinthoseatnormalweight,signalingthattherewardcentersofthebrainwerealsoactivated.However,whenthesamenutrientsweregivenviafeedingtubetopeopleconsideredmedicallyobese,brainactivitydidnotslow,anddopaminelevelsdidnotrise.Next,thestudyaskedpeoplewithobesitytolose10%oftheirbodyweightwithinthreemonths—anamountofweightknowntoimprovebloodsugars,resetmetabolismandboostoverallhealth.Testswererepeatedasbefore—withsurprisingresults.Losingweightdidnotresetthebraininpeoplewithobesity.Muchmoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandwhatobesitydoestothebrain,andifthatistriggeredbythefattissueitself,thetypesoffoodeaten,orotherenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.12.Whataspectsdidtheresearchersmainlyfocusonintheresearch?A.Bloodsugarsandmetabolism.B.Dietandenvironmentalfactors.C.Nutrientsandthedigestivesystem.D.Brainactivitiesanddopaminelevels.13.Whatarethecorrectproceduresofthestudy?①Providingparticipantswiththesamenutrientsseparately.②Classifyingparticipantsindifferentgroupsbyweight. ③Repeatingthetestonthosewholostrequiredweight④Detectingthebrain’sreactionoftheparticipants.A.①④③②B.④①②③C.②①④③D.②①③④14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudy?A.Weightlosshadnoimpactonthebrain’sresponsetofood.B.Thelevelofdopaminewascloselyrelatedtopeople’sbrainactivity.C.Nutrientstakenbyparticipantsaffectedtheirdigestivesystemratherthanbrainactivity.D.Thesumofdopaminereleasedvariedslightlyamongparticipantswithdifferentweights.15.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?A.EffectiveStrategiesforWeightLossinObesityB.ThePersistentEffectsofObesityontheBrainC.ExploringtheBrain’sResponsetoSugarsandFatsD.HowObesityHarmstheBrain’sFullnessSensation【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究表明肥胖可能损害大脑识别饱腹感的能力，以及在摄入脂肪和糖后感到满足的能力，而且在人们减掉了大量体重后，这些大脑变化也可能持续下去，这可能解释了为什么许多人经常会反弹。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Aseithersugarsorfatsenteredthestomachviathetube,researchersusedfunctionalmagneticresonance(磁共振)imagingandsingle-photonemissioncomputedtomography(断层扫描技术)tocapturethebrain’sresponseover30minutes.(当糖或脂肪通过胃食管进入胃时，研究人员使用了磁共振扫描和成像与断层扫描技术，以在30分钟内捕捉大脑的反应。)”和第五段“Inpeoplewithnormalweight,thestudyfoundbrainsignalsinthestriatum(纹状体)slowedwheneithersugarsorfatswereputintothedigestivesystem—evidencethatthebrainrecognizedthebodyhadbeenfed.Atthesametime,levelsofdopamineroseinthoseatnormalweight,signalingthattherewardcentersofthebrainwerealsoactivated.However,whenthesamenutrientsweregivenviafeedingtubetopeopleconsideredmedicallyobese,brainactivitydidnotslow,anddopaminelevelsdidnotrise.( 研究发现，在体重正常的人身上，当糖或脂肪被输入消化系统时，纹状体中的大脑信号速度减慢，这表明大脑识别出身体已经满足。与此同时，体重正常的人体内多巴胺水平升高，表明大脑的奖励中心也被激活。然而，当通过喂食管给医学上认为肥胖的人提供相同的营养时，大脑活动并没有减缓，多巴胺水平也没有上升。)”可知，研究人员主要关注的是大脑活动和多巴胺水平。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thestudy,publishedMondayinNatureMetabolism,wasacontrolledclinicaltrialinwhich30peopleconsideredtobemedicallyobeseand30peopleofnormalweightwerefedsugarcarbohydrates(glucose),fats(lipids)orwater(asacontrol).(周一在《自然代谢》杂志上发表的这项研究是一项对照临床试验，其中30名医学上认为肥胖的人和30名体重正常的人被喂食糖碳水化合物——葡萄糖、脂肪——脂质、或水——作为对照。)”可知，在进行研究时，首先将参与者按照体重分成两组，给每组参与者分别喂食同样的营养物质。根据第四段中的“Aseithersugarsorfatsenteredthestomachviathetube,researchersusedfunctionalmagneticresonance(磁共振)imagingandsingle-photonemissioncomputedtomography(断层扫描技术)tocapturethebrain’sresponseover30minutes.(当糖或脂肪通过胃食管进入胃时，研究人员使用了磁共振扫描和成像与断层扫描技术，以在30分钟内捕捉大脑的反应。)”可知，在喂食时研究人员会监测大脑的反应。根据第六段“Next,thestudyaskedpeoplewithobesitytolose10%oftheirbodyweightwithinthreemonths—anamountofweightknowntoimprovebloodsugars,resetmetabolismandboostoverallhealth.(接下来，这项研究要求肥胖者在三个月内减掉10%的体重，这个体重可以改善血糖，重置新陈代谢，促进整体健康。)”和第七段中的“Testswererepeatedasbefore—withsurprisingresults.(按照之前的模式重复测试，结果令人惊讶。)”可知，肥胖者减肥后再次重复测试。由此可知，该研究的正确步骤是②①④③。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Losingweightdidnotresetthebraininpeoplewithobesity.(减肥并没有使肥胖者的大脑重新设置。)”可推测出，减肥对大脑对于食物的反应方面没有影响。故选A。【15题详解】标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Accordingtoanewstudy,obesitymayevendamagethebrain’sabilitytorecognizethesensationoffullnessandbesatisfiedaftereatingfatsandsugars.(根据一项新的研究，肥胖甚至可能损害大脑识别饱腹感的能力，以及在摄入脂肪和糖后感到满足的能力。)”和第二段“Further,thosebrainchangesmaylastevenafterpeopleconsideredmedicallyobeseloseasignificantamountofweight—possiblyexplainingwhymanypeopleoftenregainthepoundstheylose.(此外，即使在医学上被认为肥胖的人减掉了大量体重后，这些大脑变化也可能持续下去——这可能解释了为什么许多人经常会重拾他们减掉的体重。)”可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究说明，肥胖可能损害大脑识别饱腹感的能力，以及在摄入脂肪和糖后感到满足的能力，而且即使人们减掉了大量体重，这些大脑变化也可能持续下去，所以许多人经常会反弹。由此可推测出。B项“肥胖对大脑的持续影响”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Studieshaveshownthatwalkingamongtreesmakesusrelaxed.___16___There’splentyofresearchshowingthelinkbetweenbeinginnatureandbeinghappy,butmostoftheresearchhasfocusedonadults.___17___Explainingthemotivationbehindthestudy,researchersnotethatwithenvironmentalissuessuchasglobalwarming,morestudiesarefocusingontherelationshipsbetweenhumansandnaturetofindsolutionstotheseproblems,andthefutureoftheplanetliesinthehandsofchildrenandtheiractions.However,fewstudiesfocusonthisaspect.Forthestudy,researchersworkedwith296childrenbetweentheagesof9and12.Tomeasurehowconnectedtheyweretonature,thekidswereaskedhowmuchtheyenjoyactivitieslikeseeingwildflowersandwildanimals,hearingsoundsofnatureandtouchinganimalsandplants.___18___Theyalsofoundthatthemoreconcernedchildrenwereabouttheenvironmentandnature,themorelikelytheyweretobehappy.Soexposuretonatureisrelatedtoactivebehaviorsandhappinessofchildren.Whatdoesthatmeantoadults?Asweallknow,childrenusuallytendtofollowadults,especiallytheirparents’behaviors.___19___Andifparentsenjoybeingclosetonature,sowilltheirchildren.Researcherssaythatchildrenneedrolemodelswhocanguidethemtonaturewithexcitementandanattitudeofalifelonglearner.Parentsdon’thavetobeexpertsinenvironmentalscienceornaturestudies.___20___A.It’ssogoodgoingforawalkaroundtrees.B.Evenjustsmellingthetreeshelpsreduceanxiety.C.That’stosay,whenadultsareoutsideandappreciatenature,kidslearnbyexample.D.What’smoreimportantisthattheyspendtimetogetherwithchildrenexploringnature.E.Theyfoundthatthekidsconnectedtonatureweremorelikelytobehaveactively.F.Inanewstudy,researcherswantedtoseeifkidsgetthesamebenefitsfrombeingoutdoors.G.Researcherswillstudymoreabouttheconnectionbetweenchildren’shappinessandnature.【答案】16.B17.F18.E19.C20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了许多研究表明接近自然和快乐之间存在联系，但大多数研究都针对的是成年人，而一项新的研究关注的是儿童，这项研究表明接近和关心大自然的孩子更有可能变得积极和开心，而且孩子的行为受到父母影响。【16题详解】前文“Studieshaveshownthatwalkingamongtreesmakesusrelaxed.(研究表明，在树间散步使我们放松。) ”讲述了研究表明林中散步有助于放松，空处应进一步进行说明，B项“即使只是闻一闻树也有助于减少焦虑。”符合题意，选项中的trees对应前文中的trees，“helpsreduceanxiety”与前文中的“makesusrelaxed”相对照。故选B。【17题详解】第一段最后一句“There’splentyofresearchshowingthelinkbetweenbeinginnatureandbeinghappy,butmostoftheresearchhasfocusedonadults.(有大量研究表明了生活在大自然中与快乐之间存在联系，但大多数研究都集中在成年人身上。)”指出关于自然与快乐之间关系的大多研究都关注的是成年人，后文“Explainingthemotivationbehindthestudy,researchersnotethatwithenvironmentalissuessuchasglobalwarming,morestudiesarefocusingontherelationshipsbetweenhumansandnaturetofindsolutionstotheseproblems,andthefutureoftheplanetliesinthehandsofchildrenandtheiractions.(在解释这项研究背后的动机时，研究人员指出，随着全球变暖等环境问题的出现，越来越多的研究将重点放在人类与自然之间的关系上，以找到解决这些问题的方法，而地球的未来掌握在儿童及其行动的手中。)”讲述了进行这项研究是因为地球的未来掌握在儿童及其行动的手中，由此可知，空处讲述的是有一项研究关注的是儿童，F项“在一项新的研究中，研究人员想看看孩子们是否能从户外活动中获得同样的好处。”符合题意。故选F。【18题详解】后文“Theyalsofoundthatthemoreconcernedchildrenwereabouttheenvironmentandnature,themorelikelytheyweretobehappy.(他们还发现，孩子们越关心环境和自然，他们就越有可能快乐。)”讲述了研究人员还发现的现象，由此可知，空处讲述的应是研究人员的发现，E项“他们发现，与大自然有联系的孩子更有可能表现得更积极。”符合题意，选项中的“Theyfound”和后文中的“Theyalsofound”对应。故选E。【19题详解】前文“Asweallknow,childrenusuallytendtofollowadults,especiallytheirparents’behaviors.(众所周知，孩子通常倾向于跟随成年人，尤其是他们父母的行为。)”讲述了孩子会受到父母行为的影响，空处应对此进行进一步说明，C项“也就是说，当成年人在户外欣赏大自然时，孩子们会效仿榜样。”对前文进行解释说明。故选C。【20题详解】前文“Parentsdon’thavetobeexpertsinenvironmentalscienceornaturestudies.(父母不必是环境科学或自然研究方面的专家。)”讲述了父母不需要成为专家，空处应讲述对孩子真正重要的事情，D项“更重要的是，他们花时间和孩子们一起探索大自然。”符合题意。故选D。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mysixth-gradedaughterwasbeingkickedoutofschool.Theteacherexplained,“Shemaynotbe____21____whatwe’retryingtoaccomplish.”Hewas____22____sayingshedidn’thavethe____23____,whichmadememadbecauseIknewshewassmart,justasmyfatherhadknownaboutmewhenIwas____24____inschool.Wehadher____25____andfoundthatthetroublesshewasgoingthroughwereexactlywhatIhadsufferedfrom—dyslexia(诵读困难症).JustthenIwasa____26____televisionwriter,andhadbeenawardedEmmyAwardfor“TheRockfordFiles.”IfIhadknownearlierthatsomethingbeyondmy____27____couldexplainwhyIwasalow____28____,Imaynothaveworkedsohardinmylate20sandearly30s.Iwasworkingfornootherreasonthantohearpeople____29____me,becauseIdid_____30_____inallmycourses.IonceaskedafriendwhyhealwaysgotanA,“Howlongdidyoustudyforthis?”Hereplied,“Ididn’t.Ijust_____31_____it.”Sohemustbesmarter.“WhatifI’mnotgoodatanything?”Ibegantoask.Despitemy_____32_____,Ididbecomesuccessful,andpeoplenowsaytome,“Soyou’ve_____33_____dyslexia.”No,Idon’t.Ilearnto_____34_____it.I_____35_____makingacallifpossible,becauseIsometimeshavetotrymanytimestogetthenumberright.Despitetheseweaknesses,Iviewdyslexiaasa(n)_____36_____.Manydyslexicsaregoodatright-brain,abstractthought,andthat’swhatmykindofcreativewritingis.Icanwritequickly,andcangetupto15pagesaday.Writingismy_____37_____.Thereal_____38_____Ihavefordyslexicchildrenisnottheyhaveto_____39_____inschool,butthattheywillbequittersbeforetheygetoutofschool.Parentshavetocreate_____40_____forthem,whetherit’smusic,sportsorart.Youcanmakeyourdyslexicchildabletosay,“Yeah,readingishard.ButIhaveotherpride.”21.A.contentwithB.usedtoC.equaltoD.familiarwith22.A.hardlyB.actuallyC.partlyD.merely23.A.independenceB.confidenceC.preferenceD.intelligence24.A.failingB.progressingC.changingD.crying25.A.informedB.questionedC.testedD.surveyed26.A.loyalB.successfulC.traditionalD.typical27.A.abilityB.appreciationC.recognitionD.control28.A.composerB.achieverC.performerD.observer29.A.inspireB.callC.praiseD.neglect 30.A.activelyB.badlyC.slowlyD.well31.A.glancedatB.staredatC.gotridofD.putupwith32.A.confusionB.effortC.dreamD.sacrifice33.A.overlookedB.confirmedC.overcomeD.cured34.A.keepupwithB.makeupforC.holdontoD.makeuseof35.A.repeatB.enjoyC.riskD.avoid36.A.adventureB.pleasureC.giftD.punishment37.A.purposeB.challengeC.contributionD.strength38.A.fearB.joyC.favorD.respect39.A.struggleB.studyC.achieveD.accomplish40.A.surprisesB.competitionsC.imaginationsD.victories【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.B29.C30.B31.A32.A33.C34.B35.D36.C37.D38.A39.A40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述女儿老师把有语言障碍的女儿赶出了六年级的故事，结合自己的经历，表示担心有诵读困难的孩子在离开学校之前就会自行放弃，指出父母必须为孩子创造成功。【21题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：老师说：“她可能达不到我们想要达到的目标”。A.contentwith对……满意；B.usedto过去常常；C.equalto胜任，等于；D.familiarwith对……熟悉。根据上文“Mydaughterwasbeingthrownoutofthesixthgrade.”可知，老师说作者的女儿可能达不到学校想要达到的目标。beequalto合适，胜任，符号语境。故选C项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他实际上是在说她没有这个智力，这让我很生气，因为我知道她很聪明，就像我父亲知道我在学校不及格时一样。A.hardly几乎不；B.actually实际上，事实上；C.partly部分地；D.merely仅仅，只不过。根据“女儿被退学”和上文“Shemaynotbe__1__whatwe’retryingtoaccomplish.”（她可能达不到我们想要达到的目标）可知，实际上老师是在说作者女儿没有这个智力。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他实际上是在说她没有这个智力，这让我很生气，因为我知道她很聪明，就像我父亲知道我在学校不及格时一样。A.independence独立性；B.confidence自信；C.preference偏爱；D.intelligence智力。根据下文“whichmadememadbecauseIknewshewassmart”可知，作者知道女儿很聪明，可是老师在说她没有这个智力。故选D项。 【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他实际上是在说她没有这个智力，这让我很生气，因为我知道她很聪明，就像我父亲知道我在学校不及格时一样。A.failing不及格；B.progressing进步；发展；C.changing改变；D.crying哭泣。根据下文“whatIhadsufferedfrom—dyslexi”和“IonceaskedafriendwhyhealwaysgotanA”推知，作者念书时考试经常不及格。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们给她做了测验，发现她的问题和我一样——阅读障碍。A.informed告知；B.questioned询问；C.tested考验，测验，检测；D.surveyed调查。根据下文“andfoundthatthetroublesshewashavingwereexactlywhatIhadhad-dyslexia”可知，作者给女儿做了测验然后发现女儿患有阅读障碍。故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时，我已是一名成功的电视编剧，凭借《罗克福德档案》获得了艾美奖。A.loyal忠诚的；B.successful成功的；C.traditional传统的；D.typical典型的。根据下文“andhadwonanEmmyAwardfor“TheRockfordFiles.””可知，作者那时已是一名成功的电视编剧。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我早知道一些我无法控制的事情可以解释为什么我是一个低成就者，我可能就不会在我快30岁和30岁出头的时候那么努力工作了。A.ability能力；B.appreciation欣赏；C.recognition辨认；D.control控制。根据上文“thetroublesshewashavingwereexactlywhatIhadhad-dyslexia”可知，作者患有阅读障碍，这是作者无法控制的事情。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我早知道一些我无法控制的事情可以解释为什么我是一个低成就者，我可能就不会在我快30岁和30岁出头的时候那么努力工作了。A.composer作曲家；B.achiever获得成功的人；C.performer表演者；D.observer观察者。根据句中low以及上文讲“作者无法控制的事情——患有阅读障碍”可知，患有阅读障碍的作者如果不努力，就会成为一个低成就者。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我工作没有别的原因，只是为了听到人们称赞我，因为我所有的课程都很糟糕。A.inspire鼓舞；B.call打电话；C.praise称赞；D.neglect忽视。根据上文“tohearpeople”可知，作者只是为了听到人们称赞。故选C项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我工作没有别的原因，只是为了听到人们称赞我，因为我所有的课程都很糟糕。A.actively活跃地；B.badly糟糕地；C.slowly缓慢地；D.well好。根据low 和作者患有患有阅读障碍的事实可知，作者所有的课程都很糟糕。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我没有。我只是扫了一眼。”A.glancedat看一下，浏览；B.staredat盯着；C.gotridof除掉；D.putupwith忍受。根据上文“IonceaskedafriendwhoalwaysgotanA,“Howlongdidyoustudyforthis?”Hesaid,“Ididn’t.”（我曾经问一个总是得A的朋友，“你为此学习了多长时间？”他说，“我没有）和下文“Sohemustbesmarter.”可知，作者的学习成绩好的朋友得到A并未在学习上花很多时间，只是扫了一眼,是更聪明的人。故选A项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我心存困惑，但我确实取得了成功，人们现在对我说，“你克服了阅读障碍。”A.confusion困惑；B.effort努力；C.dreams梦想；D.sacrifice牺牲。根据上文“WhatifI’mnotgoodatanything?Ibegantoask.”可知，作者心存困惑。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我心存疑虑，但我确实取得了成功，人们现在对我说，“你克服了阅读障碍。”A.overlooked忽略；B.confirmed确认；C.overcome克服；D.cured治愈。根据上文“Ididbecomesuccessful”可知，人们认为作者现在克服了阅读障碍。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要学会弥补。A.keepupwith赶得上；B.makeupfor弥补；C.holdonto坚持；D.makeuseof利用。根据下文“Isometimeshavetotrymanytimestogetthenumberright.”（我有时要试很多次才能打对号码）可知，作者通过不断尝试来获得正确的号码，即通过不断尝试来弥补因患阅读障碍而带来的差距。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果可能的话，我尽量避免拨打电话，因为有时我不得不多次尝试才能得到正确的号码。A.repeat重复；B.enjoy享受；C.risk冒险；D.avoid避免。根据下文“Isometimeshavetotrymanytimestogetthenumberright”可知，作者尽量避免拨打电话。故选D项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我有缺点，但我认为阅读障碍是一种天赋。A.adventure冒险；B.pleasure高兴；C.gift礼物，天赋；D.punishment惩罚。根据下文“Manydyslexicsaregoodatright-brain,abstractthought,andthat’swhatmykindofcreativewritingis.”（许多阅读障碍者擅长右脑、抽象思维，这就是我的创造性写作的来源）可知，作者认为阅读障碍是一种天赋。故选C项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：写作是我的强项。A.purpose目的；B.challenge挑战；C.contribution贡献；D. strength长处，强项。根据上文“Icanwritequickly,andcangetupto15pagesaday.”（我写得很快，一天最多能写15页）可知，写作是作者的强项。故选D项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对有阅读障碍的孩子真正的恐惧不是他们在学校里挣扎，而是他们在离开学校之前就自暴自弃。A.fear害怕；B.joy欢乐；C.favor帮助；D.respect尊敬。根据下文“theywillbequittersbeforetheygetoutofschool”可知，孩子们会自行放弃，这是作者真正的担心的。故选A项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对有阅读障碍的孩子真正的恐惧不是他们在学校里挣扎，而是他们在离开学校之前就自暴自弃。A.struggle挣扎；B.study学习；C.achieve获得；D.accomplish完成。根据该句中的“butthattheywillbequittersbeforetheygetoutofschool”和but转折可推知，有阅读障碍的孩子在离开学校之前在学校里挣扎。故选A项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母必须为孩子创造成功，无论是音乐、体育还是艺术。A.surprises惊喜；B.competitions竞争；C.imaginations想象力；D.victories胜利、成功。根据下文“Youcanmakeyourdyslexicchildabletosay,“Yeah,readingishard.ButIhaveotherthingsIcando.””（你可以让你阅读障碍儿童说。“是的，读书很难。但我还有其他事情可以做。”）可知，父母必须为孩子创造成功。故选D项。第II卷第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。MountFujiseemstobelosingitsWorldHeritagestatusandbecomingthevictimofover-tourism.Thescenicspotwaslistedasaworldheritagesitein2013.____41____,ajumpinthenumberoftouristsclimbingthemajesticmountainis____42____(threat)thatlisting.Withsomanyvisitors____43____(head)towardsthosetrails,Japanisexperiencingapost-covidtouristboom.Mt.FujiissopopularinJapanthatmanyJapanesehopetoclimbitatleastonceintheirlives.____44____considerablenumberofclimbersiscausingenvironmentaldamageontheslopes.Litterisleftacrossthevolcanicash,andlargeparkinglotshavebeenconstructedtoaccommodatetourists.Alocalofficialtoldreportersthat:“Fujiisfaced____45____arealcrisis.Tourismhasbecomeuncontrollable,andwefearthatMt.Fujiwillsoonbecomeanunattractiveplace____46____nobodywouldwanttogoclimbing.”Headded:“Fujiisscreaminginpain.Wecan’tjustwaitforimprovement;weneedtotackleover-tourismnow.”Themountain’sfifthbasestation____47____(witness)a50percentriseinvisitorssince2013,withaboutfourmillionvisitorsthissummer.Anotherheadacheforlocalauthoritiesis“bulletclimbers”,peoplewhohavean____48____(intend)toascendanddescendFujiin24hours.Theyriskgettingaltitudesicknessand hypothermia.____49____(fortunate),theofficialclimbingseasonendedonSunday,preventingFujifrom_____50_____(far)damage.【答案】41.However42.threatening43.heading44.The45.with46.where47.haswitnessed48.intention49.Fortunately50.further【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着游客增加，富士山环境遭到破坏，面临着被移除世界遗产名录的威胁。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，攀登这座雄伟山峰的游客数量激增，正威胁着这座山峰的世界遗产名录中的位置。前文“Thescenicspotwaslistedasaworldheritagesitein2013.(该景区于2013年被列为世界遗产。)”和空后“ajumpinthenumberoftouristsclimbingthemajesticmountainis____2____(threat)thatlisting”之间是转折关系，且空后为逗号，所以这里应用副词however(然而)。故填However。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。根据空后的thatlisting可知，空处应用动词。主语ajump和threat之间是主谓关系，且空前有is，所以这里应用现在分词，和is一起构成现在进行时。故填threatening。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着如此多的游客前往这些小径，日本正在经历新冠疫情后的旅游热潮。分析句子结构，这里是with复合结构。逻辑主语somanyvisitors和head之间是主谓关系，所以这里应用现在分词，作宾补。故填heading。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：大量的登山者正在对斜坡造成环境破坏。thenumberof意为“……的数量”，其后谓语应用单数形式。故填The。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：富士山正面临着一场真正的危机。befacedwith意为“面临”。故填with。【46题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：旅游业已经无法控制，我们担心富士山很快就会成为一个没有吸引力的地方，没有人愿意去攀登。分析句子结构，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词place，且从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。【47题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2013年以来，该山的第五个基站的游客增加了50%，今年夏天的游客约为400万。根据句中的since2013可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语Themountain’sfifthbasestation为单数，所以谓语应用单数形式。故填haswitnessed。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：另一个令地方当局头疼的问题是“子弹登山者”，这些人打算在24小时内上下富士山。根据空前的an可知，空处应用名词单数。intention意为“打算，目的”。haveanintentiontodosth.意为“打算做某事”。故填intention。【49题详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，官方的登山季在周日结束，使富士山免受进一步的破坏。空处应用副词，修饰整个句子。fortunately意为“幸运地”。故填Fortunately。【50题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意参考上题。根据句中的“theofficialclimbingseasonendedonSunday”可知，随着登山季的结束，富士山免受进一步破坏，这里应用far的比较级further，表示程度上的进一步，作定语修饰damage。故填further。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Jonnie’sdreamtoAntarcticafinallycametrue.ItwasBrazilthatJonnieaccidentallydiscoveredshecouldhaveanaccesstolast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarctica,andshedidit.OnApril4th,2010,heboardedashipwith38passengersandbeganherjourney.Withabundantwildlifeandspectacularsunrises,Antarcticaleftanimpressionwithherthatnootherplacehaseverdone.AsshereachedAntarctica,shefound herselfgreetbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguinslongingtosayinghello.Thesewalkinggatekeepersgentlewelcomedherandkick-startedthatwastobeanunforgettableexperience.SopreciouswasthislanduntilithithometoJonnie.【答案】1.was后加in2.去掉an3.he→she4.with→on5.has→had6.greet→greeted7.saying→say8.gentle→gently9.that→what10.until→that【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了Jonnie的南极之旅。【详解】1.考查介词。句意：正是在巴西，乔尼意外发现她可以在最后一刻获得前往南极洲的廉价船票，她做到了。分析句子可知，句子是强调句型，强调地点状语inBrazil，故was后加in。2.考查冠词。句意：正是在巴西，乔尼意外发现她可以在最后一刻获得前往南极洲的廉价船票，她做到了。haveaccessto“可以达到；可以使用”，是固定短语，此处access是不可数名词。故去掉an。3.考查代词。句意：2010年4月4日，她登上了一艘载有38名乘客的船，开始了她的旅程。由上文的she可知Jonnie是一位女性，作主语用人称代词he，故将he改为she。4.考查介词。句意：南极洲拥有丰富的野生动植物和壮观的日出，给她留下了其他地方从未有过的印象。Leaveanimpressiononsb.“给某人留下印象”，固定短语，故将with改为on。5.考查时态。句意同上。根据语境和上文的left可知，此处表示“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时，故将has改为had。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：当她到达南极洲时，她发现自己受到了一群渴望打招呼的小巴布亚企鹅的欢迎。分析句子可知，greet作宾语补足语，与宾语herself是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，故将greet改为greeted。7.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。longtodosth.“渴望做某事”，用不定式作宾语，故将saying改为say。8.考查副词。句意：这些行走的看门人温柔地欢迎她，开始了这段难忘的经历。修饰动词welcome用副词作状语，故将gentle改为gently。 9.考查时态。句意同上。分析句子可知，started后是宾语从句，从句中作主语，指物，意义为“……的事物”，用连接代词what引导宾语从句，故将that改为what。10.考查连词。句意：这片土地是如此珍贵，以至于它触动了乔尼的心灵。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处为so…that句型，that引导结果状语从句，so+形容词置于句首，主句倒装，故将until改为that。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.你校英文报“IntoChina”栏目正在征稿。请你写一篇短文投稿，介绍一位你最喜爱的中国诗人，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.喜爱的原因(至少2个)。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。MyFavoriteChinesePoet_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Asuggestedversion:MyFavoriteChinesePoetThelonghistoryofChinahaswitnessedtheflourishingofpoetryandthebrillianceofmanyexceptionalpoets,amongwhomIadmireDuFumost.BorninawealthyfamilyintheTangdynasty,DuFushowedanoutstandingaptitudeforcomposingpoemsatayoungage.However,hedidnothaveasuccessfulcareerasanofficialandstruggledwithpovertylater.Yettheseexperiencescontributedtohisuniquewritingstyle.IadmireDuFuforhistalentaswellashispersonality.ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatDuFuwasblessedwithsuperbliteraryskills,whichearnedhimthetitle“thePoetrySage”.Moreover,despitehisownmisery,manyofhispoemsreflectedconcernandsympathyforthepoor,showinghiskindnessandpatriotism.Withhisliteraryachievementsandnoblespirit,DuFuisalwaysaninspirationandguideforme.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求考生介绍一位最喜爱的中国诗人，内容包括：人物简介；喜爱的原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累繁荣：flourish→boom/thrive……的天赋：aptitudefor→talentfor促成：contributeto→bringabout承认：acknowledge→admit2.句式拓展简单句改为强调句原句：Yettheseexperiencescontributedtohisuniquewritingstyle.拓展句：Yetitwastheseexperiencesthatcontributedtohisuniquewritingstyle.【点睛】【高分句型1】ThelonghistoryofChinahaswitnessedtheflourishingofpoetryandthebrillianceofmanyexceptionalpoets,amongwhomIadmireDuFumost.(使用了“介词+whom”引导非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatDuFuwasblessedwithsuperbliteraryskills,whichearnedhimthetitle“thePoetrySage”.(使用了It作形式主语、that引导主语从句的句型Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat…，还使用了which引导非限制性定语从句)