北京市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题（Word版附解析）

2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习题年级：高三科目：英语(考试时间90分钟，满分100分)第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MakingMyOwnBicycleItwasaSaturdaymorning.JamesandIwereattheBambooBicycleClub,readyforourbamboobicyclebuildingcourse.Thefirststepwassettingupthestructureforholdingtheframe(骨架)inplace.Afterthatweweretoldto___1___thebambootobeofuse,whichwasadelicatejob.Therewereseveralthingsto___2___.Ofcourse,findingpiecesthatwerethecolorwewantedwasjustasimportant.Therestoftheafternoonwasspent___3___eachpieceoftheframeintothestructure.Bambooisfairlyflexible,andthisparticular___4___meantthatsomeadjustmentswerereallynecessary.Oneproblemliningupthetwochainscauses___5___madeourframeuseless.Luckily,however,aftersomecareful___6___,weconfirmedthatitwasalright.Therewasjustenoughspacetofitawheel.OnSundaymorningwereturnedtotheworkshoptocompletethefinal___7___.Webegantotightlywrapeachjointontheframe,tokeepit___8___withnaturalfiberskeptinspecialglue.Allthatwasleftnowwasforittodry.InafewhourswewouldbeofficialmembersoftheBambooBicycleClub.Finallywefinishedourjob.Icouldn’twaitto___9___ourbicycletofindoutwhatitwasreallyliketorideabamboobicycle.Itfeltjustas____10____asanybicycle,butsofterandmorerelaxed.Now,everytimeIgetonourbicycle,Ican’thelpsmiling.ItremindsmeofwhenJamesandIbuiltitandmakesmeproudofmyself.1.A.returnB.coverC.deliverD.select2.A.bringinB.watchforC.takeoverD.giveaway3.A.fixingB.changingC.leavingD.mixing4.A.angleB.positionC.qualityD.stage5.A.onlyB.almostC.seldomD.still6.A.checksB.requestsC.preparationsD.links7.A.reportB.commandC.judgementD.process 8.A.smoothB.heavyC.firmD.slim9.A.chargeB.testC.seekD.equip10.A.complicatedB.accurateC.suitableD.capable第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Miarushedhomeandthrewopenthefrontdoor.Hermotherturnedaround,surprisedthatMiawashomefromschoolsoearly.“Iwonfirstplaceintheartcontest!”shesaid___11___prideandraisedherhead,expectingpraise.ThoughMia___12___(work)eagerlyonherartsubmissionforweeks,hermotherwasn’tsure___13___heprojectinvolved.“That’swonderful,Mia!Whatwasthesubjectofyourartproject?”hermotherasked.Smilingfromeartoear,Miahandedoverherartwork.Itwasaportraitofhermother.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。InJune2012,China’sfirstmanneddeep-seasubmersible(潜水器),Jiaolong,setaworlddivingrecordforsubmersiblesofitskindbyreachinga____14____(deep)of7,062metersintheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.In2017,ChinasuccessfullytestedasubmersiblecalledShenhaiYongshi,capableofdiving4,500meters.____15____muchofJiaolong’sequipmentwasimported,about95percentofShenhaiYongshiandallitscorecomponents____16____(produce)domestically,saidXuQinan,thechiefdesignerofJiaolong.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nearlytwodecades____17____(pass)sinceChinasentthefirstBeidousatelliteintospacein2000.Duringthattime,moreBeidousatellitesweresentintoorbit(轨道),____18____(form)theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).Inlate2012,itbeganprovidingpositioning,navigation,timingandmessaging____19____(service)topeopleinChinaandotherpartsoftheAsia-Pacificregion.Attheendof2018,BDSstartedtoserveusersworldwide.NowwithtwomoreBeidousatellites____20____(launch)onDec16,2019,BDShas53satellitesinorbit.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。ATHEOLYMPICSTUDIESCENTREYOURSOURCEOFREFERENCEFOROLYMPICKNOWLEDGETheIOCOlympicStudiesCentreistheworldsourceofreferenceforOlympicknowledge.Ourmissionistosharethisknowledgewithprofessionalsandresearchersthroughprovidinginformation,givingaccesstoouruniquecollections,enablingresearchandstimulatingintellectualexchange.AspartoftheIOC,weareuniquelyplacedtocollectandsharethemostup-to-dateandaccurateinformationonOlympism.OurcollectionsincludetheIOCarchives(档案),theofficialpublicationsoftheIOCandtheOrganizingCommitteeoftheOlympicGamesaswellasbooks,articlesandjournals.HERETOHELPWhateveryourinterestintheOlympicMovement—academicorprofessional—wewillhelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed,quicklyandeasily.We’rehereto:Answeryourquestions:sharefactualandhistoricalinformation,GamesresultsandstatisticsGivepersonalizedguidance:helpyoufindwhatyouneedinourextensivelibraryandarchivesLendyoubooksandpublications,eveninternationallyGiveyouonlineaccess:toourelectronicdocumentsAwardresearchgrants:toPhDstudentsandestablishedresearchersConnectyoutoournetwork:ofacademicexpertsinOlympicstudiesJointheacademiccommunityinterestedinOlympicstudiesOneofourkeyrolesistofacilitatecommunicationandcooperationbetweentheIOCandtheinternationalacademiccommunityinordertopromoteresearchandstimulateintellectualexchange.Thisworldwidecommunityismainlycomposedofover40OlympicStudiesCentersandhundredsofindividualscholarsanduniversitystudentsworkingonacademicprojectsrelatedtothefieldofOlympicstudies.Thankstothisregularexchangeandtheworkconductedbytheacademics,weenrichtheworld’sOlympicknowledge,sharenewanalysisonkeytopicsrelatedtotheOlympicMovementandcanprovideguidancetouniversitieswishingtolaunchinitiativesonOlympicstudies.JoinouracademicmailinglistUniversityprofessorsandresearchersareinvitedtojoinouracademicmailinglisttobeinformedaboutourfutureactivitiesandotherupdatesconcerningOlympicstudiesinitiatives.Tojoin,emailuswithabriefdescriptionofyouracademicstatusandyourfullcontactdetails. VISITUSYou’llfindusnextdoortotheOlympicMuseuminLausanne,Switzerland.We’reopenMondaytoFriday,9amto5pm,exceptonpublicholidaysandonChristmas.Youdon’tneedanappointmenttousethelibraryandthestudyrooms.Ifyouwouldliketoseethehistoricalarchivesorneedpersonalguidancetofindyourwayaroundourcollections,pleasefilloutourvisitorrequestform.21.TheOlympicStudiesCentermainlyaimsto________.A.givepersonalizedguidanceB.provideresourcesontheOlympicsC.receiveOlympicfansacrosstheworldD.updateinformationonOlympismforofficials22.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheacademiccommunity?A.ItisorganizedbyOlympicofficials.B.Itlaunchesprojectsatuniversities.C.Itpromotesacademicexchanges.D.Itprovideselectronicdocuments.23.Ifyouwanttovisitthecenter,youhaveto________.A.filloutavisitorrequestformB.entertheOlympicMuseumC.makeanappointmentD.arriveonworkdaysBKylieKirkpatrickwasgettingreadyforworkwhenher9-year-oldson,RyanKyote,burstintoherbedroom.TheNapa,California-basedthird-graderhadjustwatchedanewsstoryaboutakindergartenstudentinIndianawhowasforcedtoreturnherschoollunchbecauseheraccountbalancecouldn’tcoverthemeal.“Ryanwasupset,”KirkpatricktoldTODAYParents.“Hesaid,‘Mom,howdoessomethinglikethishappen?’Thenheaskedwhathecoulddotohelp.”Afterabitofbrainstorming,Kyote—pronounced“coyote”—decidedhewouldusesixmonths’worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.Thebillcameupto$74.50.ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpairofbasketballsneakersthiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.So,onMay24,hehappilydonatedhissixmonthsofsavingstotheNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictfoodservicesdepartment. “Ryantoldthem,‘Pleaseletmyfriendsknowthattheynolongeroweanymoney,’”Kirkpatrickrecalled.“Lunchishisfavoritepartofthedayanditbrokehishearttothinkthatit’sastressfultimeforsomechildren.”Thefourth-grader-to-bewantedhisactofkindnesstobeunknowntoothersbuthisproudmothercouldn’tresistsharingaphotoonTwitter,whereitspreadquickly.“Givethiskidhismoneyback.Nochildshouldbecoveringlunchdebtforhisclasswithhisallowance,”wroteoneperson.Addedanother:“Lovethisstory...Specialkid.”PracticinggooddeedsisnothingnewforKyote.“I’llgointothegarageandRyan’sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinneed,”Kirkpatrick,asign-languageinterpreter,toldTODAYParents.“Onetime,afrienddidn’thaveanyshoesthatfit,soRyangavehimapairofhisownshoes.”Recently,aninvestorgotwindofwhatKyotehaddoneforhisclassmatesandhecontactedKirkpatrick.“HewantedtogiveRyanmoneytoputinhissavingsaccount,”shesaid.Kyote,whorecentlylosthisfathertoALS,hadanotheridea.“Ryantoldthemantopayitforward,”Kirkpatricksaid.“SohemadeadonationtotheALSAssociation.Ican’tevenbegintotellyouwhatthatmeanttoRyan.Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace.”24.Insteadofbuyinganewpairofsneakers,Ryanwasmoreconcernedabout________.A.hisschoollunchB.hisaccountbalanceC.hissixmonthsofsavingsD.hisclassmates’lunchdebt25.WhatdoweknowaboutRyanKyotefromthepassage?A.Hetriedhisbesttohelphisfriendsinneed.B.Hecouldn’tresistsharinghisphotosonTwitter.C.HeacceptedadonationfromtheALSAssociation.D.Hearguedagainstnegativereviewsonsocialmedia.26.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisalwaystoughforschoolchildren.BAkidcanmakeadifferenceintheworld.C.Socialmediacanmakeyoungpeoplepopular.D.Friendshipisanimportantpartofbeingayouth.CAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhen stressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsonaplantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccordingly,theyspeculate.Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Itisevenpossibletodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.Enablingfarmerstolistenforwater-stressedplantscould“openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture”,theresearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrought.“Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsituation,”saysAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推测的）fornow,shesays.27.TheexperimentbyresearchersatTelAvivUniversityshowsthat_______.A.tobaccoplantsmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenhurtB.water-hungrytomatoplantsaremoresensiblethantobaccoplantsC.unstressedplantsproducedsoundsoflaughterwhenbeingwateredD.plantsrespondtothesoundstheplantsmakeandprotectthemselves 28.WhatisAnneVisscher’sattitudetowardsthefindingoftheexperiment?A.AppreciativeB.DoubtfulC.CautiousD.Optimistic29.Itcanbelearntfromtheresearchthat________.A.greenhouseeffectscanbeavoidedB.soilconditioncanbeadjustedintime.Cplantconditioncanbediagnosedfaster.D.insectscanbedetectedandremovedeasily.30.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUsB.PlantsScreaminPresenceofStressC.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAwayD.SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers’HeartsDUpskillingisthefuture—butitmustworkforeveryoneAutomationandjobreplacementwillbeoneofthemostsignificantchallengesfortheglobaleconomyofthecomingdecades.A2017Mckinseyreportestablishedthat375millionworkerswillneedtoswitchoccupationalcategoriesby2030.TheWorldEconomicForumsuggeststhatby2022,automationwillreplace75millionjobsglobally—butcreate133millionnewones.Researchintothelikelihoodthatajobwillbeimpactedbydigitizationhaslargelyfocusedonthe“automatability”oftheroleandthefollowingeconomicregionalandpoliticaleffectsofthis.Whatthisresearchdoesn’ttakeintoaccountissomethingmoreimportantforthemillionsoftaxidriversandretailworkersacrosstheglobe:theirlikelihoodofbeingabletochangetoanotherjobthatisn’tautomatable.Recentresearchsuggeststhattheanswertothismaybethattheskillsthatenableworkerstomoveuptheladdertomorecomplexroleswithintheircurrentareasmightbelessimportantthanbroaderskillsthatwillenableworkerstochangeacrossdivisions.InJuly,Amazonannouncedthatitwouldspend$700millionretrainingaround30%ofits300,000USworkforce.Whilepraiseworthy,itwillbeinterestingtoseetheoutcome.IntheUK,theNationalRetrainingSchemehaslargelybeenledbyemployers,meaningthatthoseonzero-hourscontractsandpart-timeworkers—oftenlow-skilled—willmissout.Governancewillbeacrucialelementofensuringthatsuchschemesfocusonindividualsandlife-longlearning,ratherthanupskillingworkersintorolesthatwillsoonalsofaceautomation. AccordingtotheMckinseyreport,“growingawarenessofthescaleofthetaskaheadhasyettotranslateintoaction.Publicspendingonlabour-forcetrainingandsupporthasfallenforyearsinmostmembercountriesoftheOrganisationforEconomicCo-OperationandDevelopment,”whichimpactsmorethanjustthelow-skilledandpoorlycompensated.Theglobalimpactofautomationisalsoputintoreliefbyresearchdemonstratingthat,between1988and2015,incomeinequalityincreasedthroughouttheworld.BillionsofpeopledonothavetheessentialsoflifeasdefinedbytheUNSustainableDevelopmentgoals.Alongsideclimatechange,automationisarguablytech’sbiggestchallenge.Aswithglobalization,governmentsandemployers—andusworkers—ignoreitspotentialconsequencesatrisktoourselves.31.ItcanbeknownfromParagraph2that.A.recentresearchhasfoundwaystofaceautomationB.broadskillsareofgreatsignificanceinchangingjobsC.regionaleconomycanaffecttheautomatabilityofajobD.itisevenharderforworkerstomoveupthesocialladder32.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsretrainingprograms?A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Skeptical.D.Sympathetic.33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneconsequenceofautomation?A.Lessspendingontraining.B.Aslowdownofglobalization.C.Socialunrestandinstability.D.Anincreaseinincomeinequality.34.Thepassageiswrittento.A.arguetheurgencyofcreatingnewjobsB.compareglobalizationwithautomationC.analyzetheautomatabilityofcertainjobsD.stresstheimportanceofupskillingworkers第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。OptimismBias(偏见)Whileweoftenliketothinkofourselvesashighlyrationalandlogical,researchershavefoundthatthehumanbrainissometimestoooptimisticforitsowngood.Ifyouwereaskedtoestimatehowlikelyyouaretoexperienceillness,jobloss,oranaccident,youarelikelytounderestimatetheprobabilitythatsucheventswilleverimpactyourlife.___35___ Thisbiasleadsustobelievethatwearelesslikelytosufferfrommisfortuneandmorelikelytoattainsuccessthanrealitywouldsuggest.Webelievethatwewilllivelonger,andthatwewillbemoresuccessfulinlifethantheaverage.___36___Theoptimismbiasisessentiallyamistakenbeliefthatourchancesofexperiencingnegativeeventsarelowerandourchancesofexperiencingpositiveeventsarehigherthanthoseofourpeers.Andthisoverlypositiveassumptiondoesn’tmeanthatwehaveanoverlysunnyoutlookonourownlives.___37___Peoplemightskiptheiryearlyphysical,notweartheirseatbelt,orfailtoputonsunscreenbecausetheymistakenlybelievethattheyarelesslikelytogetsick,getinanaccident,orgetskincancer.CognitiveneuroscientistTaliSharot,authorofTheOptimismBias:ATouroftheIrrationallyPositiveBrain,notesthatthisbiasiswidespreadandcanbeseeninculturesallovertheworld.Sharotalsosuggeststhatwhilethisoptimismbiascanattimesleadtonegativeoutcomeslikefoolishlyengaginginriskybehaviorsormakingpoorchoicesaboutyourhealth,itcanalsohaveitsbenefits.___38___Ifweexpectgoodthingstohappen,wearemorelikelytobehappy.Thisoptimismcanactasaself-fulfillingprophecy.Bybelievingthatwewillbesuccessful,peopleareinfactmorelikelytobesuccessful.___39___Afterall,ifwedidn’tbelievethatwecouldachievesuccess,whywouldweevenbothertrying?Optimistsarealsomorelikelytotakemeasurestoprotecttheirhealthsuchasexercising,takingvitamins,andfollowinganutritiousdiet.A.Optimismalsomotivatesustopursueourgoals.B.Butwearealsohighlymotivatedtobesooptimistic.C.Butdefinitelynoteveryoneisblessedwithsuchluck.D.Thisisbecauseyourbrainhasabuilt-inoptimismbias.E.Itcanalsoleadtopoordecision-making,whichcansometimeshavedisastrousresults.F.Thisoptimismenhanceswell-beingbycreatingasenseofanticipationaboutthefuture.G.Variouscausesmayleadtotheoptimisticbias,includingcognitiveandmotivationalfactors.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 DigitalInclusionforOlderAdultsAsaresearcherinthebehaviorofolderadults,Iregularlyhearcomplaintsfromthemlike,“I’mjustnotpartofthisworldanymore.Incertainpartsofsociety,Ijustcan’tjoin…SomethingsjustarenotpossibleifyouarenotintheflowoftheInternet.”or“Wefeellikewe’restandingoutsideabuildingthatwehavenoaccessto.”Today,masteringdigitaltechnologyhasbecomeakeycomponentofwhatitmeanstofullyparticipateinsociety.Butoneareainparticularthreatenstopreventsomeolderadultsfrommakingconnections:thedigitaldivide.Asarecentstudyshows,one-thirdofadultsaged65andoldersaythey’veneverusedtheInternet,andhalfdon’thaveInternetaccessathome.OfthosewhodousetheInternet,nearlyhalfsaytheyneedsomeoneelse’shelptosetuporuseanewdigitaldevice.Incontrasttoconcernsabouttechnologyuseincreasingisolation(孤立；隔离)amongyoungerpopulations,thecommunicationandconnectionpossibleonlinecanbeespeciallyvaluableforolderadultswhoarehomebound,livefarawayfromfamily,orhavelostthelovedones.Olderadultscanuseonlinetoolstoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyviamessagingplatforms,videochat,andsocialmediaeveniftheycannolongerphysicallyvisitthem.Andtheycanengagewiththeoutsideworldthroughnews,blogs,streamingplatforms,andemail,eveniftheyarenolongerabletomoveaboutaseasilyastheyoncecould.Forolderadultsinparticular,therisksassociatedwithsocialisolationareprofound.Lonelinessamongolderadultshasbeenassociatedwithdepression,functionaldecline,anddeath.Technologycanserveasanimportanttooltohelpreducetheserisks,butonlyifweprovideolderadultswiththeskillstheyneed,tomakeinclusioninthedigitalworldaccessibletothem.Theimportanceofdigitalinclusionisnotgoingtodisappearwiththegenerationalchangesofthecomingdecades.Technologyiscontinuouslydeveloping,andwitheachnewdigitalinnovationcomechallengesforevenyoungeradultstoadapt.40.Whatpreventssomeolderadultsfromconnectingwithsociety?41.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3indicate?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.●Enablingolderadultstoaccessthedigitalworldcanhelpthemrecoverfromdepressionandfunctionaldecline.43.Pleasebrieflypresentyouropinionondigitalinclusion.(about40words)第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(InternationalDayofPersonswithDisabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括： 1.活动目的及安排；2.邀请参加。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua 2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习题年级：高三科目：英语(考试时间90分钟，满分100分)第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MakingMyOwnBicycleItwasaSaturdaymorning.JamesandIwereattheBambooBicycleClub,readyforourbamboobicyclebuildingcourse.Thefirststepwassettingupthestructureforholdingtheframe(骨架)inplace.Afterthatweweretoldto___1___thebambootobeofusewhichwasadelicatejob.Therewereseveralthingsto___2___.Ofcourse,findingpiecesthatwerethecolorwewantedwasjustasimportant.Therestoftheafternoonwasspent___3___eachpieceoftheframeintothestructure.Bambooisfairlyflexible,andthisparticular___4___meantthatsomeadjustmentswerereallynecessary.Oneproblemliningupthetwochainscauses___5___madeourframeuseless.Luckily,however,aftersomecareful___6___,weconfirmedthatitwasalright.Therewasjustenoughspacetofitawheel.OnSundaymorningwereturnedtotheworkshoptocompletethefinal___7___.Webegantotightlywrapeachjointontheframe,tokeepit___8___withnaturalfiberskeptinspecialglue.Allthatwasleftnowwasforittodry.InafewhourswewouldbeofficialmembersoftheBambooBicycleClub.Finallywefinishedourjob.Icouldn’twaitto___9___ourbicycletofindoutwhatitwasreallyliketorideabamboobicycle.Itfeltjustas____10____asanybicycle,butsofterandmorerelaxed.Now,everytimeIgetonourbicycle,Ican’thelpsmiling.ItremindsmeofwhenJamesandIbuiltitandmakesmeproudofmyself.1.A.returnB.coverC.deliverD.select2.A.bringinB.watchforC.takeoverD.giveaway3.A.fixingB.changingC.leavingD.mixing4.A.angleB.positionC.qualityD.stage5.A.onlyB.almostC.seldomD.still6.A.checksB.requestsC.preparationsD.links7.A.reportB.commandC.judgementD.process 8.A.smoothB.heavyC.firmD.slim9.A.chargeB.testC.seekD.equip10.A.complicatedB.accurateC.suitableD.capable【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B6.A7.D8.C9.B10.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一个星期六的早晨，作者和詹姆斯在竹制自行车俱乐部，准备他们的竹制自行车建造课程。文章讲述了制作过程和感受。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我们被告知要挑选可用的竹子，这是一项精细的工作。A.return返回；B.cover覆盖；C.deliver递送；D.select挑选。根据“tobeofuse”可知，此处是指挑选出可用的竹子。故选D。【2题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有几件事需要注意。A.bringin引进；B.watchfor注意；C.takeover接管；D.giveaway赠送。根据“whichwasadelicatejob”可知，因为这个工作很精细，所以有几件事需要注意。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午剩下的时间都用来固定框架的每一块到结构上。A.fixing固定；B.changing改变；C.leaving离开；D.mixing混合。根据“eachpieceoftheframe”和“intothestructure”可知，此处是指固定框架的每一块到结构上。故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：竹子是相当灵活的，这种特殊的质量意味着一些调整是非常必要的。A.angle角度；B.position位置；C.quality质量；D.stage舞台。根据“Bambooisfairlyflexible”可知，this是指竹子的特质。故选C。【5题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：连接这两条链子导致的一个问题几乎让我们的框架无用。A.only只有；B.almost几乎；C.seldom很少；D.still仍然。根据“Luckily”可知，最后问题解决了，所以是几乎让我们的框架无用。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，幸运的是，经过一些仔细的检查，我们确认它没有问题。A.checks检查；B.requests要求；C.preparations准备；D.links连接。根据“confirmed”可知，此处是指通过仔细的检查确认没有问题。故选A。 【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：周日上午，我们回到车间完成最后的工序。A.report报告；B.command命令；C.judgement判断；D.process工艺流程。根据“wereturnedtotheworkshop”可知，此处是指完成最后的工序。故选D。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们开始把每个连接处都紧紧地包裹在框架上，用天然纤维和特殊胶水粘合牢固。A.smooth光滑的；B.heavy沉重的；C.firm牢固的；D.slim苗条的。根据“Webegantotightlywrapeachjointontheframe”可知，此处是指把它粘牢。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想试试我们的自行车，看看骑一辆竹制自行车到底是什么感觉。A.charge充电；B.test测试；C.seek寻找；D.equip配备。根据“tofindoutwhatitwasreallyliketorideabamboobicycle”可知，此处是指试试自行车。故选B。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它感觉和任何自行车一样好用，但更柔软、更放松。A.complicated复杂的；B.accurate精确的；C.suitable适合的；D.capable有能力的。根据“asanybicycle”可知，这辆自行车虽然是竹子做的，但是和其它自行车一样好用。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Miarushedhomeandthrewopenthefrontdoor.Hermotherturnedaround,surprisedthatMiawashomefromschoolsoearly.“Iwonfirstplaceintheartcontest!”shesaid___11___prideandraisedherhead,expectingpraise.ThoughMia___12___(work)eagerlyonherartsubmissionforweeks,hermotherwasn’tsure___13___heprojectinvolved.“That’swonderful,Mia!Whatwasthesubjectofyourartproject?”hermotherasked.Smilingfromeartoear,Miahandedoverherartwork.Itwasaportraitofhermother.【答案】11.with12.hadworked/worked13.what【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，描述了米娅在艺术比赛中得第一名（她的作品是一张妈妈的画像）后回到家告诉妈妈这一好消息时的情景。 【11题详解】考查介词。句意：“我在艺术比赛中得了第一名！”她骄傲地说。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处需要用“with+抽象名词”作伴随状语，表示“骄傲地”，故填with。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：尽管米娅已经为她提交的这个艺术作品忙活了好几个星期，她的母亲却不知道她在忙什么。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，也可理解成动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填hadworked/worked。【13题详解】考查宾语从句。句意同上，此处为宾语从句，从句中的involved缺少宾语，故填what。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。InJune2012,China’sfirstmanneddeep-seasubmersible(潜水器),Jiaolong,setaworlddivingrecordforsubmersiblesofitskindbyreachinga____14____(deep)of7,062metersintheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.In2017,ChinasuccessfullytestedasubmersiblecalledShenhaiYongshi,capableofdiving4,500meters.____15____muchofJiaolong’sequipmentwasimported,about95percentofShenhaiYongshiandallitscorecomponents____16____(produce)domestically,saidXuQinan,thechiefdesignerofJiaolong.【答案】14.depth15.Though16.wereproduced【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2012年6月，中国首艘载人深海潜水器“蛟龙号”在太平洋马里亚纳海沟下潜7062米，创造了同类潜水器下潜的世界纪录。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：2012年6月，中国首艘载人深海潜水器“蛟龙号”在太平洋马里亚纳海沟下潜7062米，创造了同类潜水器下潜的世界纪录。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语adepthof，意为“……深”，满足句意要求，所以此处为名词depth的填入。故填depth。【15题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：“蛟龙”号的首席设计师徐启南说，虽然“蛟龙”号的大部分设备都是进口的，但“神海永世”的大约95%及其所有核心部件都是国内生产的。分析句子可知，此处为连词Though表示“虽然”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Though。【16题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：“蛟龙”号的首席设计师徐启南说，虽然“蛟龙”号的大部分设备都是进口的，但“神海永世”的大约95%及其所有核心部件都是国内生产的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语components为复数名词和动词produce为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填wereproduced。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nearlytwodecades____17____(pass)sinceChinasentthefirstBeidousatelliteintospacein2000.Duringthattime,moreBeidousatellitesweresentintoorbit(轨道),____18____(form)theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).Inlate2012,itbeganprovidingpositioning,navigation,timingandmessaging____19____(service)topeopleinChinaandotherpartsoftheAsia-Pacificregion.Attheendof2018,BDSstartedtoserveusersworldwide.NowwithtwomoreBeidousatellites____20____(launch)onDec16,2019,BDShas53satellitesinorbit.【答案】17.havepassed18.forming19.services20.launched【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。【17题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句since可知，应为现在完成时，主语twodecades为复数名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填havepassed。18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，form和逻辑主语Beidousatellites为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填forming。【19题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、授时和信息服务。根据句意以及上文“positioning,navigation,timingandmessaging”可知，此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。 【20题详解】考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到53颗。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，所以其动词应为非谓语形式，launch和Beidousatellites为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填launched。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATHEOLYMPICSTUDIESCENTREYOURSOURCEOFREFERENCEFOROLYMPICKNOWLEDGETheIOCOlympicStudiesCentreistheworldsourceofreferenceforOlympicknowledge.Ourmissionistosharethisknowledgewithprofessionalsandresearchersthroughprovidinginformation,givingaccesstoouruniquecollections,enablingresearchandstimulatingintellectualexchange.AspartoftheIOC,weareuniquelyplacedtocollectandsharethemostup-to-dateandaccurateinformationonOlympism.OurcollectionsincludetheIOCarchives(档案),theofficialpublicationsoftheIOCandtheOrganizingCommitteeoftheOlympicGamesaswellasbooks,articlesandjournals.HERETOHELPWhateveryourinterestintheOlympicMovement—academicorprofessional—wewillhelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed,quicklyandeasily.We’rehereto:Answeryourquestions:sharefactualandhistoricalinformation,GamesresultsandstatisticsGivepersonalizedguidance:helpyoufindwhatyouneedinourextensivelibraryandarchivesLendyoubooksandpublications,eveninternationallyGiveyouonlineaccess:toourelectronicdocumentsAwardresearchgrants:toPhDstudentsandestablishedresearchersConnectyoutoournetwork:ofacademicexpertsinOlympicstudiesJointheacademiccommunityinterestedinOlympicstudiesOneofourkeyrolesistofacilitatecommunicationandcooperationbetweentheIOCandtheinternationalacademiccommunityinordertopromoteresearchandstimulateintellectualexchange.Thisworldwidecommunityismainlycomposedofover40OlympicStudiesCentersandhundredsofindividualscholarsanduniversitystudentsworkingonacademicprojectsrelatedtothefieldofOlympicstudies. Thankstothisregularexchangeandtheworkconductedbytheacademics,weenrichtheworld’sOlympicknowledge,sharenewanalysisonkeytopicsrelatedtotheOlympicMovementandcanprovideguidancetouniversitieswishingtolaunchinitiativesonOlympicstudies.JoinouracademicmailinglistUniversityprofessorsandresearchersareinvitedtojoinouracademicmailinglisttobeinformedaboutourfutureactivitiesandotherupdatesconcerningOlympicstudiesinitiatives.Tojoin,emailuswithabriefdescriptionofyouracademicstatusandyourfullcontactdetails.VISITUSYou’llfindusnextdoortotheOlympicMuseuminLausanne,Switzerland.We’reopenMondaytoFriday,9amto5pm,exceptonpublicholidaysandonChristmas.Youdon’tneedanappointmenttousethelibraryandthestudyrooms.Ifyouwouldliketoseethehistoricalarchivesorneedpersonalguidancetofindyourwayaroundourcollections,pleasefilloutourvisitorrequestform.21.TheOlympicStudiesCentermainlyaimsto________.A.givepersonalizedguidanceB.provideresourcesontheOlympicsC.receiveOlympicfansacrosstheworldD.updateinformationonOlympismforofficials22.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheacademiccommunity?A.ItisorganizedbyOlympicofficials.B.Itlaunchesprojectsatuniversities.C.Itpromotesacademicexchanges.D.Itprovideselectronicdocuments.23.Ifyouwanttovisitthecenter,youhaveto________.A.filloutavisitorrequestformB.entertheOlympicMuseumC.makeanappointmentD.arriveonworkdays【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍奥林匹克研究中心。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句TheIOCOlympicStudiesCentreistheworldsourceofreferenceforOlympicknowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克研究中心是世界奥林匹克知识的参考来源。”由此可知，奥林匹克研究中 心的主要目标是提供有关奥林匹克的资源。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据JointheacademiccommunityinterestedinOlympicstudies中OneofourkeyrolesistofacilitatecommunicationandcooperationbetweentheIOCandtheinternationalacademiccommunityinordertopromoteresearchandstimulateintellectualexchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之间的交流与合作，以促进研究和促进智力交流。”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术交流。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据VISITUS中You’llfindusnextdoortotheOlympicMuseuminLausanne,Switzerland.We’reopenMondaytoFriday,9amto5pm,exceptonpublicholidaysandonChristmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林匹克博物馆隔壁。我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。”由此可知，如果你想参观这个中心，你必须在工作日到达。故选D。BKylieKirkpatrickwasgettingreadyforworkwhenher9-year-oldson,RyanKyote,burstintoherbedroom.TheNapa,California-basedthird-graderhadjustwatchedanewsstoryaboutakindergartenstudentinIndianawhowasforcedtoreturnherschoollunchbecauseheraccountbalancecouldn’tcoverthemeal.“Ryanwasupset,”KirkpatricktoldTODAYParents.“Hesaid,‘Mom,howdoessomethinglikethishappen?’Thenheaskedwhathecoulddotohelp.”Afterabitofbrainstorming,Kyote—pronounced“coyote”—decidedhewouldusesixmonths’worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.Thebillcameupto$74.50.ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpairofbasketballsneakers,thiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.So,onMay24,hehappilydonatedhissixmonthsofsavingstotheNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictfoodservicesdepartment.“Ryantoldthem,‘Pleaseletmyfriendsknowthattheynolongeroweanymoney,’”Kirkpatrickrecalled.“Lunchishisfavoritepartofthedayanditbrokehishearttothinkthatit’sastressfultimeforsomechildren.”Thefourth-grader-to-bewantedhisactofkindnesstobeunknowntoothers,buthisproudmothercouldn’tresistsharingaphotoonTwitter,whereitspreadquickly.“Givethiskidhismoneyback.Nochildshouldbecoveringlunchdebtforhisclasswithhisallowance,”wroteoneperson.Addedanother:“Lovethisstory...Specialkid.”PracticinggooddeedsisnothingnewforKyote.“I’llgointothegarageandRyan’sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinneed,”Kirkpatrick,asign-languageinterpreter,toldTODAYParents.“Onetime,afrienddidn’t haveanyshoesthatfit,soRyangavehimapairofhisownshoes.”Recently,aninvestorgotwindofwhatKyotehaddoneforhisclassmatesandhecontactedKirkpatrick.“HewantedtogiveRyanmoneytoputinhissavingsaccount,”shesaid.Kyote,whorecentlylosthisfathertoALS,hadanotheridea.“Ryantoldthemantopayitforward,”Kirkpatricksaid.“SohemadeadonationtotheALSAssociation.Ican’tevenbegintotellyouwhatthatmeanttoRyan.Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace.”24.Insteadofbuyinganewpairofsneakers,Ryanwasmoreconcernedabout________.A.hisschoollunchB.hisaccountbalanceC.hissixmonthsofsavingsD.hisclassmates’lunchdebt25.WhatdoweknowaboutRyanKyotefromthepassage?A.Hetriedhisbesttohelphisfriendsinneed.B.Hecouldn’tresistsharinghisphotosonTwitter.C.HeacceptedadonationfromtheALSAssociation.D.Hearguedagainstnegativereviewsonsocialmedia.26.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisalwaystoughforschoolchildren.B.Akidcanmakeadifferenceintheworld.C.Socialmediacanmakeyoungpeoplepopular.D.Friendshipisanimportantpartofbeingayouth.【答案】24.D25.A26.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了9岁的瑞恩用他攒了6个月、准备用来买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，他这么做只是想让世界变得更加美好。24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Afterabitofbrainstorming,Kyote—pronounced“coyote”—decidedhewouldusesixmonths’worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.”（经过一番头脑风暴，瑞恩·乔特决定用他攒下的六个月的零花钱来支付西园小学全班同学的午餐费用。）以及第四段中“ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpairofbasketballsneakers,thiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.”（虽然瑞恩·乔特一直盯着一双新的篮球运动鞋，但这对他来说要重要得多。）可知，比起买一双新运动鞋，瑞恩更关心的是同学们的午餐费用。故选D项。 【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Afterabitofbrainstorming,Kyote—pronounced“coyote”—decidedhewouldusesixmonths’worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.”（经过一番头脑风暴，瑞恩·乔特决定用他攒下的六个月的零花钱来支付西园小学全班同学的午餐费用。）以及第八段中“I’llgointothegarageandRyan’sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinneed,”（我走进车库，瑞恩的自行车不见了，因为他把它给了一个需要的朋友。）可知，瑞恩总是尽力帮助有困难的朋友。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace.”（他只想让世界变得更美好。）可知，文章主要讲的是9岁的瑞恩用他攒了6个月、准备用来买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，他这么做只是想让世界变得更加美好，由此可知，这篇文章是想告诉我们一个小孩的善行也会对世界产生重大影响。故选B项。CAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsonaplantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccordingly,theyspeculate.Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Itisevenpossibletodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample. Enablingfarmerstolistenforwater-stressedplantscould“openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture”,theresearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrought.“Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsituation,”saysAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推测的）fornow,shesays.27.TheexperimentbyresearchersatTelAvivUniversityshowsthat_______.A.tobaccoplantsmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenhurtB.water-hungrytomatoplantsaremoresensiblethantobaccoplantsC.unstressedplantsproducedsoundsoflaughterwhenbeingwateredD.plantsrespondtothesoundstheplantsmakeandprotectthemselves28.WhatisAnneVisscher’sattitudetowardsthefindingoftheexperiment?A.AppreciativeB.DoubtfulC.CautiousD.Optimistic29.Itcanbelearntfromtheresearchthat________.A.greenhouseeffectscanbeavoidedB.soilconditioncanbeadjustedintime.C.plantconditioncanbediagnosedfaster.D.insectscanbedetectedandremovedeasily.30.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUsB.PlantsScreaminPresenceofStressC.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAwayD.SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers’Hearts【答案】27.B28.C29.C30.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，植物在压力下会发出超声波叫声，这可能会开辟 一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。【27题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.”（平均来说，干旱压力下的番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个声音。），可知缺水番茄比烟草更敏感，干旱条件下，番茄植株发声多。故选B项。【28题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsituation”（干旱压力下植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业的建议，如果在田间条件下设置录音成本不太高的话，这一建议似乎是可行的。）和最后一段中的“Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推测的）fornow,shesays.”（她警告说，研究结果还不能扩大到其他压力，如盐或温度，因为这些可能不会导致声音。此外，她还说，目前还没有实验证明飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到并对植物发出的声音做出反应，所以这个想法目前仍然是推测性的。），可推断出AnneVisscher对实验的发现抱有谨慎的态度。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第五段中的“Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’sintensityandfrequency.”（研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，根据声音的强度和频率，在大多数情况下正确地识别出压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的。），可推断出此研究可以帮助人们更快地诊断出植物状况。故选C项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第二段“ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTel AvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.”（以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克•哈伊特和他的同事们发现，番茄和烟草植物在缺水或茎被割下时发出的叫声频率是人类听不到的。），可知文章讲的是植物会在压力下发出人类听不到的超声波叫声，所以B选项“植物在压力下尖叫”，为短文最佳标题。故选B项。DUpskillingisthefuture—butitmustworkforeveryoneAutomationandjobreplacementwillbeoneofthemostsignificantchallengesfortheglobaleconomyofthecomingdecades.A2017Mckinseyreportestablishedthat375millionworkerswillneedtoswitchoccupationalcategoriesby2030.TheWorldEconomicForumsuggeststhatby2022,automationwillreplace75millionjobsglobally—butcreate133millionnewones.Researchintothelikelihoodthatajobwillbeimpactedbydigitizationhaslargelyfocusedonthe“automatability”oftheroleandthefollowingeconomicregionalandpoliticaleffectsofthis.Whatthisresearchdoesn’ttakeintoaccountissomethingmoreimportantforthemillionsoftaxidriversandretailworkersacrosstheglobe:theirlikelihoodofbeingabletochangetoanotherjobthatisn’tautomatable.Recentresearchsuggeststhattheanswertothismaybethattheskillsthatenableworkerstomoveuptheladdertomorecomplexroleswithintheircurrentareasmightbelessimportantthanbroaderskillsthatwillenableworkerstochangeacrossdivisions.InJuly,Amazonannouncedthatitwouldspend$700millionretrainingaround30%ofits300,000USworkforce.Whilepraiseworthy,itwillbeinterestingtoseetheoutcome.IntheUK,theNationalRetrainingSchemehaslargelybeenledbyemployers,meaningthatthoseonzero-hourscontractsandpart-timeworkers—oftenlow-skilled—willmissout.Governancewillbeacrucialelementofensuringthatsuchschemesfocusonindividualsandlife-longlearning,ratherthanupskillingworkersintorolesthatwillsoonalsofaceautomation.AccordingtotheMckinseyreport,“growingawarenessofthescaleofthetaskaheadhasyettotranslateintoaction.Publicspendingonlabour-forcetrainingandsupporthasfallenforyearsinmostmembercountriesoftheOrganisationforEconomicCo-OperationandDevelopment,”whichimpactsmorethanjustthelow-skilledandpoorlycompensated.Theglobalimpactofautomationisalsoputintoreliefbyresearchdemonstratingthat,between1988and2015,incomeinequalityincreasedthroughouttheworld.BillionsofpeopledonothavetheessentialsoflifeasdefinedbytheUNSustainableDevelopmentgoals.Alongsideclimatechange,automationisarguablytech’sbiggestchallenge.Aswithglobalization,governmentsandemployers—andusworkers—ignoreitspotentialconsequencesatrisktoourselves.31.ItcanbeknownfromParagraph2that. A.recentresearchhasfoundwaystofaceautomationB.broadskillsareofgreatsignificanceinchangingjobsC.regionaleconomycanaffecttheautomatabilityofajobD.itisevenharderforworkerstomoveupthesocialladder32.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsretrainingprograms?A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Skeptical.D.Sympathetic.33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneconsequenceofautomation?A.Lessspendingontraining.B.Aslowdownofglobalization.C.Socialunrestandinstability.D.Anincreaseinincomeinequality.34.Thepassageiswrittento.A.arguetheurgencyofcreatingnewjobsB.compareglobalizationwithautomationC.analyzetheautomatabilityofcertainjobsD.stresstheimportanceofupskillingworkers【答案】31.B32.C33.D34.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主——以及美国工人——忽视了全球化对我们自身的潜在影响。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Recentresearchsuggeststhattheanswertothismaybethattheskillsthatenableworkerstomoveuptheladdertomorecomplexroleswithintheircurrentareasmightbelessimportantthanbroaderskillsthatwillenableworkerstochangeacrossdivisions.可知最近的研究表明，这个问题的答案可能是，使工人能够在其目前的领域内晋升到更复杂的角色的技能，可能不如使工人能够跨部门转换的更广泛的技能重要。由此可知，广泛的技能在换工作中是非常重要的。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中IntheUK,theNationalRetrainingSchemehaslargelybeenledbyemployers,meaningthatthoseonzero-hourscontractsandpart-timeworkers—oftenlow-skilled—willmissout.可知在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主导的，这意味着那些签订零时合同的人和兼职工人——往往技能低下——将会错过机会。由此可推知，作者对再培训计划持怀疑态度。故选C。【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Theglobalimpactofautomationisalsoputintoreliefbyresearchdemonstratingthat,between1988and2015,incomeinequalityincreasedthroughouttheworld.可知研究表明，1988年至2015年期间，世界各地收入不平等现象加剧，这也让自动化对全球的影响得到了缓解。由此可推知，作者认为自动化的一个后果是收入不平等加剧。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题Upskillingisthefuture—butitmustworkforeveryone(技能提升是未来的趋势，但它必须适用于每个人)结合文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主——以及工人——忽视了全球化对我们自身的潜在影响。由此可推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。OptimismBias(偏见)Whileweoftenliketothinkofourselvesashighlyrationalandlogical,researchershavefoundthatthehumanbrainissometimestoooptimisticforitsowngood.Ifyouwereaskedtoestimatehowlikelyyouaretoexperienceillness,jobloss,oranaccident,youarelikelytounderestimatetheprobabilitythatsucheventswilleverimpactyourlife.___35___Thisbiasleadsustobelievethatwearelesslikelytosufferfrommisfortuneandmorelikelytoattainsuccessthanrealitywouldsuggest.Webelievethatwewilllivelonger,andthatwewillbemoresuccessfulinlifethantheaverage.___36___Theoptimismbiasisessentiallyamistakenbeliefthatourchancesofexperiencingnegativeeventsarelowerandourchancesofexperiencingpositiveeventsarehigherthanthoseofourpeers.Andthisoverlypositiveassumptiondoesn’tmeanthatwehaveanoverlysunnyoutlookonourownlives.___37___Peoplemightskiptheiryearlyphysical,notweartheirseatbelt,orfailtoputonsunscreenbecausetheymistakenlybelievethattheyarelesslikelytogetsick,getinanaccident,orgetskincancer.CognitiveneuroscientistTaliSharot,authorofTheOptimismBias:ATouroftheIrrationallyPositiveBrain,notesthatthisbiasiswidespreadandcanbeseeninculturesallovertheworld.Sharotalsosuggeststhatwhilethisoptimismbiascanattimesleadtonegativeoutcomeslikefoolishlyengaginginriskybehaviorsormakingpoorchoicesaboutyourhealth,itcanalsohaveitsbenefits.___38___Ifweexpectgoodthingstohappen,wearemore likelytobehappy.Thisoptimismcanactasaself-fulfillingprophecy.Bybelievingthatwewillbesuccessful,peopleareinfactmorelikelytobesuccessful.___39___Afterall,ifwedidn’tbelievethatwecouldachievesuccess,whywouldweevenbothertrying?Optimistsarealsomorelikelytotakemeasurestoprotecttheirhealthsuchasexercising,takingvitamins,andfollowinganutritiousdiet.A.Optimismalsomotivatesustopursueourgoals.B.Butwearealsohighlymotivatedtobesooptimistic.C.Butdefinitelynoteveryoneisblessedwithsuchluck.D.Thisisbecauseyourbrainhasabuilt-inoptimismbias.E.Itcanalsoleadtopoordecision-making,whichcansometimeshavedisastrousresults.F.Thisoptimismenhanceswell-beingbycreatingasenseofanticipationaboutthefuture.G.Variouscausesmayleadtotheoptimisticbias,includingcognitiveandmotivationalfactors.【答案】35.D36.C37.E38.F39.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕着乐观偏见展开，介绍了什么是乐观偏见以及乐观偏见的优缺点。【35题详解】根据上文Whileweoftenliketothinkofourselvesashighlyrationalandlogical,researchershavefoundthatthehumanbrainissometimestoooptimisticforitsowngood.Ifyouwereaskedtoestimatehowlikelyyouaretoexperienceillness,jobloss,oranaccident,youarelikelytounderestimatetheprobabilitythatsucheventswilleverimpactyourlife.可知虽然我们通常认为自己是高度理性和逻辑性的，但研究人员发现，人类大脑有时过于乐观，不利于自身的健康。如果你被要求估计你经历疾病、失业或事故的可能性，你可能会低估这些事件影响你生活的可能性。由此可知，本句承接上文，解释说明产生上述这种现象的原因。故D选项“这是因为你的大脑有一种内在的乐观偏见”符合上下文语境，故选D。【36题详解】根据上文Webelievethatwewilllivelonger,andthatwewillbemoresuccessfulinlifethantheaverage.可知我们相信我们会活得更久，我们会比一般人更成功。由此可知，乐观偏见会让我们认为我们比其他人更幸运，本句则应当是表明不是每个人都这么幸运，与下文介绍乐观偏见的误区紧密联系。故C选项“但肯定不是每个人都有这样的运气”符合上下文语境，故选C。【37题详解】根据后文Peoplemightskiptheiryearlyphysical,notweartheirseatbelt,orfailtoputonsunscreenbecausethey mistakenlybelievethattheyarelesslikelytogetsick,getinanaccident,orgetskincancer.可知人们可能会跳过每年一次的体检，不系安全带，或者不涂防晒霜，因为他们错误地认为自己不太可能生病、出事故或得皮肤癌。由此可知，下文提到的不去体检，不系安全带以及不涂防晒霜就是乐观偏见导致的决策失误以及带来的一系列后果，故E选项“它还会导致错误的决策，有时会导致灾难性的结果”符合上下文语境，故选E。【38题详解】根据后文Ifweexpectgoodthingstohappen,wearemorelikelytobehappy.Thisoptimismcanactasaself-fulfillingprophecy.可知如果我们期待好事发生，我们就更有可能快乐。这种乐观可以作为一种自我实现的预言。由此可知，上文已经从乐观偏见带来的弊端转到好处，那么本句则是具体解释了乐观偏见带来的好处。故F选项“这种乐观主义通过创造一种对未来的期待来增强幸福感”符合上下文语境，故选F。【39题详解】根据后文Afterall,ifwedidn’tbelievethatwecouldachievesuccess,whywouldweevenbothertrying?可知毕竟，如果我们不相信我们能成功，我们为什么还要去尝试呢？由此可知，首先要有一个乐观的心态，认为自己能够成功，才有信心去尝试。本段是在说明乐观会激励人们追求目标。故A选项“乐观也会激励我们追求目标”符合上下文语境，故选A。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。DigitalInclusionforOlderAdultsAsaresearcherinthebehaviorofolderadults,Iregularlyhearcomplaintsfromthemlike,“I’mjustnotpartofthisworldanymore.Incertainpartsofsociety,Ijustcan’tjoin…SomethingsjustarenotpossibleifyouarenotintheflowoftheInternet.”or“Wefeellikewe’restandingoutsideabuildingthatwehavenoaccessto.”Today,masteringdigitaltechnologyhasbecomeakeycomponentofwhatitmeanstofullyparticipateinsociety.Butoneareainparticularthreatenstopreventsomeolderadultsfrommakingconnections:thedigitaldivide.Asarecentstudyshows,one-thirdofadultsaged65andoldersaythey’veneverusedtheInternet,andhalfdon’thaveInternetaccessathome.OfthosewhodousetheInternet,nearlyhalfsaytheyneedsomeoneelse’shelp tosetuporuseanewdigitaldevice.Incontrasttoconcernsabouttechnologyuseincreasingisolation(孤立；隔离)amongyoungerpopulations,thecommunicationandconnectionpossibleonlinecanbeespeciallyvaluableforolderadultswhoarehomebound,livefarawayfromfamily,orhavelostthelovedones.Olderadultscanuseonlinetoolstoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyviamessagingplatforms,videochat,andsocialmediaeveniftheycannolongerphysicallyvisitthem.Andtheycanengagewiththeoutsideworldthroughnews,blogs,streamingplatforms,andemail,eveniftheyarenolongerabletomoveaboutaseasilyastheyoncecould.Forolderadultsinparticular,therisksassociatedwithsocialisolationareprofound.Lonelinessamongolderadultshasbeenassociatedwithdepression,functionaldecline,anddeath.Technologycanserveasanimportanttooltohelpreducetheserisks,butonlyifweprovideolderadultswiththeskillstheyneed,tomakeinclusioninthedigitalworldaccessibletothem.Theimportanceofdigitalinclusionisnotgoingtodisappearwiththegenerationalchangesofthecomingdecades.Technologyiscontinuouslydeveloping,andwitheachnewdigitalinnovationcomechallengesforevenyoungeradultstoadapt.40.Whatpreventssomeolderadultsfromconnectingwithsociety?41.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3indicate?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.●Enablingolderadultstoaccessthedigitalworldcanhelpthemrecoverfromdepressionandfunctionaldecline.43.Pleasebrieflypresentyouropinionondigitalinclusion.(about40words)【答案】40.Thedigitaldivide.41.Theproblemofthedigitaldivideamongolderadultsisserious/common.42.●Enablingolderadultstoaccessthedigitalworldcanhelpthemrecoverfromdepressionandfunctionaldecline.Accordingtothepassage,enablingolderadultstoaccessthedigitalworldcanhelpreducetherisksofdepressionandfunctionaldeclineratherthanrecoverfromthem.43.略【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。今天，掌握数字技术已经成为全面参与社会的重要组成部分。但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。老年人中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重，作者认为我们需要用数字融入来帮助老年人使用数字技术融入社会，降低抑郁症和功能衰退的风险。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“Butoneareainparticularthreatenstopreventsomeolderadultsfrom makingconnections:thedigitaldivide.”（但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。）可知，数字鸿沟阻止了一些老年人和社会建立联系。故答案为Thedigitaldivide.。【41题详解】考查推理判断。根据第三段“Asarecentstudyshows,one-thirdofadultsaged65andoldersaythey’veneverusedtheInternet,andhalfdon’thaveInternetaccessathome.OfthosewhodousetheInternet,nearlyhalfsaytheyneedsomeoneelse’shelptosetuporuseanewdigitaldevice.”（最近的一项研究显示，65岁及以上的成年人中，有三分之一的人说他们从未使用过互联网，有一半的人在家里无法上网。在使用互联网的人中，近一半的人说他们需要别人的帮助来安装或使用新的数字设备。）可知，第三段的数据表明在老人之中上网有困难的比例非常大，这就说明老人之中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重或普遍。故答案为Theproblemofthedigitaldivideamongolderadultsisserious/common.。【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据倒第二段第二句和第三句“Lonelinessamongolderadultshasbeenassociatedwithdepression,functionaldecline,anddeath.Technologycanserveasanimportanttooltohelpreducetheserisks,butonlyifweprovideolderadultswiththeskillstheyneed,tomakeinclusioninthedigitalworldaccessibletothem.”（老年人中的孤独与抑郁、功能衰退和死亡有关。技术可以作为帮助降低这些风险的重要工具，但前提是我们向老年人提供他们所需的技能，让他们能够进入数字世界。）可知，让老年人接触数字世界有助于减少抑郁症和功能衰退的风险，而不是从中恢复。所以“recoverfrom”错误，应在此处画下划线。故答案为Accordingtothepassage,enablingolderadultstoaccessthedigitalworldcanhelpreducetherisksofdepressionandfunctionaldeclineratherthanrecoverfromthem.。【43题详解】考查开放性回答。回答问题时，需要简要表述考生对数字融入的观点，注意答案字数应控制在40个单词左右。第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(InternationalDayofPersonswithDisabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：1.活动目的及安排；2.邀请参加。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJimIamLiHua,themonitorofClass1,Senior3ofHongxingHighSchool.IamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinourupcomingeventonInternationalDayofPersonswithDisabilities.Ourclassisorganizingthiseventtoraiseawarenessaboutthechallengesfacedbypersonswithdisabilitiesandtoshowoursupportandcareforthem.TheeventwilltakeplaceonDecember3,2023,startingat9:00a.m.andlastinguntil5:00p.m.WewillbeginwithashortintroductiontothehistoryandpurposeoftheInternationalDayofPersonswithDisabilities.Webelievethatyourparticipationwouldbebeneficialtoourevent.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(InternationalDayofPersonswithDisabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加。【详解】1.词汇积累参加：participatein→takepartin活动：event→activity提高：raise→promote目的：purpose→aim2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：TheeventwilltakeplaceonDecember3,2023,startingat9:00a.m.andlastinguntil5:00p.m.拓展句：TheeventwilltakeplaceonDecember3,2023,whichstartsat9:00a.m.andlastsuntil5:00p.m.【点睛】[高分句型1]Ourclassisorganizingthiseventtoraiseawarenessaboutthechallengesfacedbypersons withdisabilitiesandtoshowoursupportandcareforthem.(运用了不定式toraise作目的状语以及过去分词faced作后置定语)[高分句型2]Webelievethatyourparticipationwouldbebeneficialtoourevent.(运用了链接代词that引导的宾语从句)