北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高三英语上学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析）

海淀区2023—2024学年第一学期期中练习高三英语2023.11本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis____1____.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe____2____movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereand____3____.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.____5____,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.“Givehimchestcompressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained____7____.Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals____8____.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,____9____anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s____10____deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.1.A.managerB.clientC.grandfatherD.aunt2.A.currentB.oxygenC.waveD.blood3.A.imagineB.watchC.shoutD.record4.A.HopingB.AssumingC.ComplainingD.Recalling 5.A.InstantlyB.SlightlyC.NormallyD.Surprisingly6.A.trainB.crowdsC.platformD.rails7.A.strengthB.balanceC.consciousnessD.control8.A.lookaheadB.takeoverC.getaroundD.keepaway9.A.providingB.engagingC.assistingD.crediting10.A.generousB.gratefulC.courageousD.faithful第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerinthe____11____(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyoucandownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme____12____(explore)oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI____13____(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihadnevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He____14____(combine)thestrengthofironforthehandleswithauniquesword-makingtechnique.____15____heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,____16____(make)dailytaskseasier.Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakecompany.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D____17____(print)artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquaremillimetresinsize,____18____(use)inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthebody.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid(心脏类器官),____19____willworkwiththeartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate____20____(investigate)intoheartdiseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A#1Author:LeisaSharpePrice:£14.99Release:Jun.13,2023HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverestThisisn’tyourtypicalchildren’sbooknorisitanight-timeread:it’sanaction-packedadventurearoundtheworld.Youngadventurerswillstepintothefootprintsofthegreatest explorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.Thisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld’smostfascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonotherplanets.#2Author:ZKidsPrice:£9.99Release:Sep.25,2023TheUltimateRiddleGameForKidsForreadersbetweentheagesof9and12,thisfunriddlebookcombineslogicchallenges,competitive contestsandbraintraining.Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssectionrequiresmentalarithmetic(算术),andforthestoriessectionyouwillneedtodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.Buttrynottocheat.Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.Whenyoubegintounderstandthe bestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.#3Author:KimZachmanPrice:£12.99Release:Dec.152023There’sNoCreamInCreamSodaTheonlydrinkhumansneediswater,butthebeverageindustryisgrowinglargereveryyear.Thisbookexploresthehistoryoftheinventionofdrinks,beginningthousandsofyearsago,whenhumansfirstaddednatural flavouringstotheirwaterasitboiledoverthefire.Itshumorousandconversationalnarrativemeansthatyoudon’tknowwhatwillcomenext.Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikelyoriginstoriesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinateeverykid.21.ThebookHowDoesChocolateTasteonEveresthelpsreaders________.A.enjoynight-readingtimeB.knoworiginstoriesofchocolateC.identifyhabitatsofsomeanimalsD.exploreplaceswithsensesasguides 22.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.thethreebooksareavailablebyOctoberB.readersneedcalculationskillsforBook#2C.Book#3teachesreadershowtomakedrinksD.Book#1hasapriceadvantageovertheothers23.Thepassageisintendedto________.A.introducesomebooksonlearningsecretsB.recommendsomepicturebookstoparentsC.encouragereaderstopurchasethesebooksD.sharesometipsonchoosingsuitablebooksBIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(义肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecided totrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.ThroughsharingmyjourneyI’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A.shewaslongingforfameB.sportsgaveherself-confidenceC.shewantedtodefeatherdisabilityD.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD.technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Intelligentandbrave.B.Warm-heartedandpatient.C.Responsibleandstrong-willed.D.Independentandinnovative.27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A.maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB.buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC.sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessD.takeiteasyindifficultsituationsCDemandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourself-control.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshort-termtemptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses(冲动).Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposedthatwillpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”.In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof“egodepletion”theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople’sunderlyingbeliefs.Inthe study,Jobdividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“limited”viewofwillpowerandthosewitha“non-limited”viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandardlaboratorytestsexaminingmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewithalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenon-limitedindividualsdidnot,whichindicatedthatpeople’sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeself-fulfillingprophecies(预言).Thosewhobelievedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirself-controldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina(耐力)”experiencednoegodepletion.Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob’sworkdemonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreal-lifeoutcomes.Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthataftercompletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.Ifyoualreadyhaveanon-limitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforself-satisfaction.Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.Sharingthisknowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallself-controltests.Asyourealizeyourwillpower’sgrowth,you’llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.Whileimmediatemiraclesaren’tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedself-control,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.28.“Egodepletion”theoryshowsthatwillpower________.A.helpscontrolourimpulsesB.reducesafterexercisingself-controlC.isatestofyourcharacterD.islikeachargeablebattery29.WhatcanwelearnfromJob’stwostudies?A.Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.B.Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.C.Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.DThechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone’smindset.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnon-limitedmindsets?A.Picturingyouridealuniversity.B.DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV. C.Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.D.Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.DClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthus slowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment.B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost.D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeableB.predictableC.bearableD.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat__________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefromscratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthefreezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively(本能地)saytheformer,perhapsshowingavagueconcernwithprocessedfood.Suchfoodcanoftenbedelicious.Andthereismuchtocheeraboutcaloriesbeingcheapandabundant.____35____What’sthedistinctionbetween“ultra-processedfood(upf)”and“processedfood”?Almosteverythingpeopleconsumeisprocessedinsomeform.Riceisharvested;animalsarebutchered.Upfisusuallydescribedas“formulationsofingredients,madebyaseriesofindustrialprocesses,manyrequiringadvancedequipmentandtechnology”.____36____Theoneinthefreezer,withitsextra,modifiedingredients,isupf.Upfharmspeopleinwaysbothknownandunknown.Itseemstoaffectthetrillionsofbacteriathatcontributetohealthinarangeofways.Calorie-richbutusuallynutrient-poor,upfcontributestoobesity(肥胖症).Upfdisplaceshealthieralternatives,particularlyforpoorpeople.____37____Extraweightwasonceasignof wealth,butamongBritishandAmericanwomentoday,obesityratesarehigheratlower-incomelevels.____38____Additivesthatmaybesafeinsmallquantitiesmaybeharmfulincombinationwithotherchemicalsorwhenconsumedregularly.Ifwearewhatweeatconsideringtheimpactofupfisessential.____39____Peoplewholiveinso-called“foodswamps”,whereupfiseverywherebutrealfoodishardertoreach,couldspendlargeamountsoftimeandmoneyseekingoutfreshfood,butthatisnothowmostpeoplelive.Thereisnothingwrongwiththeoddfast-foodtrip,butanyonewhocanaffordtoeatlessupfprobablyshould.A.Environmentmatters,too.B.It’scheaptoproduceandbuy.C.Butthatcheapnessandabundancecomeatacost.D.Evenfoodslabeled“natural”or“organic”canbeprocessed.E.Apizzamadefromscratchcontainsminimallyprocessedfood.F.Somepeoplehaveaparticularweaknessforsaltypotatocrisps.G.Thereasonswhyupfcanbeharmfularenotalwaysclear,eventoscientists.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeople-pleaser,you’renotalone.Intoday’shighly-connectedworld,wehaveagrowingobsession(痴迷)withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Peopleseektopleaseothersforvariousreasons,includingavoidingconflicts,securingfeelingsofbeingneeded,andreducingfearsofabandonment.Andtheyareforcedtouseagreeablenessasself-defense.People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.Therefore,it’simportanttorecognizeandovercomeyourownpeople-pleasingbehaviors.Herearesomesimpleexercisesthatyoucanstartworkingontoday.Learntoloveyourowncompany.Trustthatpeoplewillnotabandonyou,evenifyoudon’tdropeverythingforthem.Believingyouarelovableforwhoyouare,notwhatyoudo,meansknowingthatpeoplewillstillbethereforyouevenifyoudonotalwayssearchforwaystopleasethem.Practicethisbygoingtoamovieorrestaurantalone.Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.Theyareasimportantasplansyoumakewithotherpeople.Otherwise,youaresendingamessagetoyourbrainthataplanyoumakewithyourselfdoesnotholdasmuchvalue.Don’tbreaklong-orshort-termplansyoumakewithyourself,whetherit’sgoingtothegymorstudyingforanexam. Say“no”whennecessary.Ifyou’reapeople-pleaser,youmayfindithardtosay“no”becauseyoufeelitcomesacrossascrueloruncaring.Butitabsolutelydoesnothaveto.Beclear,bedirect,anduse“I”statements.Trystatementslike:“Iwouldreallylovetobeabletohelpyou,butunfortunately,I’malreadycommittedatthattime.”Byconsistentlyintegratingthesestrategiesintoyourlife,you’llbreakyourpeople-pleasinghabitsanddevelopmorehealthy,interdependentrelationships.40.Whatisapeople-pleaserlike?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Besidesmentalandphysicalproblems,whatotherproblemsmayapeople-pleasersufferfrom?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Ifyoudon’twanttobeapeople-pleaser,youshouldlovebeingwithothers,valuetheplansmadewithyourself,anddeclineothers’requestswhennecessary._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatdoyouthinkofthebehaviorofpleasingothers?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算利用2023年11月第一个周末的一天游览北京，他发来邮件请你当导游。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.接受请求；2.规划行程。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua 海淀区2023—2024学年第一学期期中练习高三英语2023.11本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis____1____.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe____2____movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereand____3____.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.____5____,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.“Givehimchestcompressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained____7____.Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals____8____.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,____9____anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s____10____deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.1.A.managerB.clientC.grandfatherD.aunt2.A.currentB.oxygenC.waveD.blood3.A.imagineB.watchC.shoutD.record4.A.HopingB.AssumingC.ComplainingD.Recalling 5.A.InstantlyB.SlightlyC.NormallyD.Surprisingly6.A.trainB.crowdsC.platformD.rails7.A.strengthB.balanceC.consciousnessD.control8.A.lookaheadB.takeoverC.getaroundD.keepaway9.A.providingB.engagingC.assistingD.crediting10.A.generousB.gratefulC.courageousD.faithful【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.B5.A6.D7.C8.B9.D10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AnthonyPerry在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：20岁的佩里在一家杂货店上夜班，当时佩里正准备去看他的祖父。A.manager经理；B.client客户；C.grandfather祖父；D.aunt姑妈，伯母。根据后文“Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.(电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父的房间走去。)”可知，佩里正准备去看他的祖父。故选C。2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当佩里和其他惊恐的乘客看到时，电流流过他的身体，他无法控制地颤抖着。A.current气流；电流；B.oxygen氧气；C.wave海浪；大海；D.blood血。根据上句“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了:一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，掉到电轨上，电流会流过他的身体。故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看着。A.imagine想象；B.watch看；C.shout呼喊；D.record记录。根据后句“Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.(他坐在月台边上，慢慢地坐下来)”可知，他准备营救这个人，并不是站在那里看着。故选B。【4题详解】考动查词词义辨析。句意：他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去。A.Hoping希望；B.Assuming假设，认为；C.Complaining抱怨；D.Recalling回忆。根据本句“hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他认为自己和受害者之间的铁轨都通电了，所以他迅速向受害者扑去。故选B。【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他立刻感到一阵强烈的电击穿过他的身体。A.Instantly立刻地；B.Slightly轻微地；C.Normally通常，平常；D.Surprisingly惊人地，出乎意料地。根据上句“____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他立刻感到一阵强烈的电流穿过他的身体。故选A。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。A.train火车；B.crowds人群；C.platform平台；D.rails铁路。根据上文“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了：一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了铁轨上，他将受害者的身体从铁轨上移开。故选D。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他在那个人的心脏上按压了一会儿，直到受害者恢复了意识。A.strength体力；B.balance平衡；C.consciousness意识；D.control控制，掌管。根据本句“heworkedontheman’sheart(他对受害者进行胸部按压)”可知，受害者失去了意识，所以进行胸部按压。故选C。【8题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：佩里让专业人士接手。A.lookahead向前看；B.takeover接管；C.getaround规避，逃避；D.keepaway远离，避开。根据上句“Then,first-aidersarrived(随后，急救人员赶到了)”可知，急救人员赶到后，佩里他们接手。故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：晚间新闻报道了这一事件，并称赞一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A.providing提供；B.engaging参加；C.assisting帮助；D.crediting赞扬。根据本句“anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife(一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事迹是值得赞扬的，故选D。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，佩里的勇敢事迹表明了选择同情而非个人安全的力量。A.generous慷慨的；B.grateful感谢的，感激的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.faithful忠实的，忠诚的。根据上文“Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.(但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。)”可知，佩里在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerinthe____11____(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyoucandownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme____12____(explore)oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI____13____(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihadnevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.【答案】11.nicely12.toexplore13.hadspent【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是密歇根的大自然鼓励作者探索大自然的故事。11题详解】考查副词。句意：对我来说，大自然就是在修剪整齐的草地上踢几分钟足球。空格处用副词nicely修饰动词cut，nicely意为“漂亮地”，故填nicely。【12题详解】考查不定式。句意：这些经历鼓励我去探索与自然联系的一种原始形式：露营。encouragesb.todo是固定短语，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，因此空格处用不定式toexplore，故填toexplore。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：虽然我花了很多时间在户外，但我从来没有露营过，也没有体验过大自然所提供的一切。由Ihadnevercampedorexperienced可知，空格处表示过去的过去发生的事情，所以空格处时态是过去完成时，因此空格处是hadspent。故填hadspent。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He____14____(combine)thestrengthofironforthehandleswithauniquesword-makingtechnique.____15____heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,____16____(make)dailytaskseasier.Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakecompany. 【答案】14.combined15.By##Through16.making【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了明朝时期张思佳改良了剪刀。【14题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他将铁制剑柄的优点与独特的制剑技术结合在一起。根据前句中的“InMingDynasty”和上下文时态可知，这里讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填combined。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：通过加热和用钢锤击边缘，他创造出了非常坚固和锋利的刀片，这使日常任务变得更容易。根据空后的“heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel”可知，这里表示方式，应用介词by或者through。置于句首，首字母大写。故填By/Through。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。根据句意，他创造出了非常坚固和锋利的刀片，这让人们更容易作日程工作，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填making。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D____17____(print)artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquaremillimetresinsize,____18____(use)inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthebody.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid(心脏类器官),____19____willworkwiththeartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate____20____(investigate)intoheartdiseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.【答案】17.printed18.uses19.which20.investigations 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了五家比利时公司计划将一颗3D打印的人造心脏送入太空。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：五家比利时公司计划在2025年前向国际空间站发射一颗3D打印的人造心脏，以更好地了解太空中衰老和心脏病的影响。print和空后的artificialheart之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作定语。故填printed。【18题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该设备只有几平方毫米大小，使用的墨水由干细胞和生物材料组成，可以发育成体内的任何细胞。根据上下文时态和句意可知，这里陈述的是现实情况，应用一般现在时。且主语Thedevice为单数，所以谓语应用单数。故填uses。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些细胞将自己组织成一个发育中的心脏类器官，它将与人工循环系统协同工作。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代先行词adevelopingcardiacorganoid，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：这项创新技术将有助于对心脏病的调查和一些潜在药物的试验。空处应用名词，和and后的trials一起作宾语。investigation意为“调查”，在这里为可数名词，且空前没有表示数量的限定词修饰，这里应用名词复数。故填investigations。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A#1Author:LeisaSharpeHowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverestThisisn’tyourtypicalchildren’s Price:£14.99Release:Jun.13,2023booknorisitanight-timeread:it’sanaction-packedadventurearoundtheworld.Youngadventurerswillstepintothefootprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.Thisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld’smostfascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonotherplanets.#2TheUltimateRiddleGame Author:ZKidsPrice:£9.99Release:Sep.25,2023ForKidsForreadersbetweentheagesof9and12,thisfunriddlebookcombineslogicchallenges,competitivecontestsandbraintraining.Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssectionrequiresmentalarithmetic(算术),andforthestoriessectionyouwillneedtodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.But trynottocheat.Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.#3Author:KimZachmanPrice:£12.99Release:Dec.15,2023There’sNoCreamInCreamSodaTheonlydrinkhumansneediswater,butthebeverageindustryisgrowinglargerevery year.Thisbookexploresthehistoryoftheinventionofdrinks,beginningthousandsofyearsago,whenhumansfirstaddednaturalflavouringstotheirwaterasitboiledoverthefire.Itshumorousandconversationalnarrativemeansthatyoudon’tknowwhatwillcomenext.Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikelyoriginstoriesofsomesodas, thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinateeverykid.21.ThebookHowDoesChocolateTasteonEveresthelpsreaders________.A.enjoynight-readingtimeB.knoworiginstoriesofchocolateC.identifyhabitatsofsomeanimalsD.exploreplaceswithsensesasguides22.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.thethreebooksareavailablebyOctoberB.readersneedcalculationskillsforBook#2C.Book#3teachesreadershowtomakedrinksD.Book#1hasapriceadvantageovertheothers23.Thepassageisintendedto________.A.introducesomebooksonlearningsecretsB.recommendsomepicturebookstoparentsC.encouragereaderstopurchasethesebooksD.sharesometipsonchoosingsuitablebooks【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是三本书的优点。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverest部分的“Youngadventurerswillstepintothefootprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.(年轻的冒险家将踏上最伟大探险家的足迹，用他们的感官作为他们的向导。)”可知，HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverest可以帮助读者以感官为向导探索地方，故选D。【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据TheUltimateRiddleGameForKids部分的“Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssectionrequiresmentalarithmetic(算术),andforthestoriessectionyouwillneedtodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.(第一部分由简短的谜语组成，数学部分需要心算，而故事部分需要你发现所有可能隐藏的含义。)”可知，第二本书的读者需要计算技巧。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一本书介绍中的“Thisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld’smostfascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonotherplanets.(这本书让年轻的读者沉浸在世界上最迷人的栖息地、国家和大陆，以及其他星球上的生活中。)”，第二本书介绍中的“Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.(随着章节变得更有挑战性，这本书也会变得更有价值。当你开始了解解决每种谜语类型的最佳方法时，你的信心、适应力和得分可能会增长。)”和第三本书的“Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikelyoriginstoriesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinateeverykid.(从核心的科学过程到一些不太可能的苏打水的起源故事，这本书肯定会有一个让每个孩子着迷的故事。)”可知这篇文章主要介绍了三本书的优点，因此目的是鼓励读者购买这些书。故选C。BIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(义肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.People feareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A.shewaslongingforfameB.sportsgaveherself-confidenceC.shewantedtodefeatherdisabilityD.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD.technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Intelligentandbrave.B.Warm-heartedandpatient.C.Responsibleandstrong-willed.D.Independentandinnovative.27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A.maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB.buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC.sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessD.takeiteasyindifficultsituations【答案】24.C25.D26.C27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小身患残疾，失去左臂，但是并不气馁，参加运动证明自己并不受到残疾的限制并帮助他人的故事。【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者爱上了所有的运动，因为她想战胜自己的残疾。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.(比如艾米·珀迪（AmyPurdy）和尼克·胡哲（NickVujicic），他们利用科技和社交媒体的力量，不加解释地展示了轮椅或假肢。人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位。)”可知，人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位，即科技改变了人们对残疾的态度。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者意志坚定，想通过运动战胜自己的残疾；根据文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，作者分享自己的历程是想帮助他人，让他人从中受益，作者是一名有责任心的人。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益。这就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因为我坏了，而是因为我有机会增强人类已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是为了增强人类已有的能力，即我们应该拥抱现实，最大限度地发挥自己的能力。故选A。CDemandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourself-control.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshort-termtemptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses(冲动).Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposedthatwillpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”. In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof“egodepletion”theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople’sunderlyingbeliefs.Inthestudy,Jobdividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“limited”viewofwillpowerandthosewitha“non-limited”viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandardlaboratorytestsexaminingmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewithalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenon-limitedindividualsdidnot,whichindicatedthatpeople’sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeself-fulfillingprophecies(预言).Thosewhobelievedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirself-controldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina(耐力)”experiencednoegodepletion.Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob’sworkdemonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreal-lifeoutcomes.Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthataftercompletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.Ifyoualreadyhaveanon-limitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforself-satisfaction.Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.Sharingthisknowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallself-controltests.Asyourealizeyourwillpower’sgrowth,you’llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.Whileimmediatemiraclesaren’tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedself-control,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.28.“Egodepletion”theoryshowsthatwillpower________.A.helpscontrolourimpulsesB.reducesafterexercisingself-controlC.isatestofyourcharacterD.islikeachargeablebattery29.WhatcanwelearnfromJob’stwostudies?A.Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.B.Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.C.Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.D.Thechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone’smindset.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnon-limitedmindsets?A.Picturingyouridealuniversity. B.DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV.C.Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.D.Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.【答案】28.B29.A30.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“自我损耗”这一理论受到质疑，并介绍了一些建立意志力不受限制的心态的方法。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”.(每一次自我控制的练习，你都使这些资源筋疲力尽。在没有恢复的机会的情况下，这种资源就会耗尽，更难保持自制力。这个过程被称为“自我耗竭”)”可知，“自我耗竭”理论表明意志力会在进行自我控制后减少。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthataftercompletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.(她的后续研究表明，在完成高要求的任务后，大多数参与者在一夜之间都恢复了一定程度，但那些心态不受限制的参与者第二天的生产力实际上有所提高，似乎受到了额外压力的激励)”可知，额外的压力可能会使人们得到激励，增强精神专注，提高生产力。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.(此外，回忆起从事费力但愉快的任务的时光，会自然地将人们的信念转向非限制的心态，因为他们看到了自己精神耐力的证明)”可知，回忆起从事费力但愉快的任务的时光可以帮助建立不受限制的心态，推断回忆起掌握了一首富有挑战性的钢琴曲是有帮助的。故选D。DClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseems unavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment.B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost.D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.AchangeableB.predictableC.bearableD.noticeable 33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat__________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.【答案】31D32.A33.D34.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了目前关于如何应对气候变化有两种不同观点——适应气候变化或者阻止气候变化，但作者认为适应气候变化是可行的和必要的。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.(部分原因是一些积极分子声称适应是不可行的。)”可知，一些积极分子认为适应气候变化不可行，所以他们对适应气候变化感到犹豫。故选D。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段破折号后的“includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents(包括暴风雨、洪水和其他天气事件的频率增加)”可知，风暴、洪水和其他天气事件发生的频率增加，由此可推测出，气候和天气可能变得更加多变。volatile意为“易变的”，与changeable意思最接近。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.(问题不在于适应在技术上是否可行，而在于从道德或实践角度来看是否可取。)”可知，从技术上来说适应气候变化是可行的，但问题是从道德或实践角度来看适应气候变化是否可取。接下来“Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofa largeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?(我们是否愿意接受一个实质上更温暖的世界，人类生活在这个世界的不同地方？我们是否愿意接受某些物种可能灭绝，以及那些目前不太成功的物种和尚未进化的新物种更加繁荣？我们是否愿意接受世界各地人类居住模式发生重大转变的后果？)”用提问的方式引发人们思考是否能接受气候变化带来的影响。由此可推测出，这些问题旨在帮助人们确定自己对适应的接受性。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.(然而，考虑到气候变暖目前不可避免的程度，适应将是可行的，也是必要的。)”可知，作者认为气候变暖是不可避免的，所以适应是可行的和必要的，由此可推测出，作者认为适应气候变化是毋庸置疑的。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefromscratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthefreezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively(本能地)saytheformer,perhapsshowingavagueconcernwithprocessedfood.Suchfoodcanoftenbedelicious.Andthereismuchtocheeraboutcaloriesbeingcheapandabundant.____35____What’sthedistinctionbetween“ultra-processedfood(upf)”and“processedfood”?Almosteverythingpeopleconsumeisprocessedinsomeform.Riceisharvested;animalsarebutchered.Upfisusuallydescribedas“formulationsofingredients,madebyaseriesofindustrialprocesses,manyrequiringadvancedequipmentandtechnology”.____36____Theoneinthefreezer,withitsextra,modifiedingredients,isupf.Upfharmspeopleinwaysbothknownandunknown.Itseemstoaffectthetrillionsofbacteriathatcontributetohealthinarangeofways.Calorie-richbutusuallynutrient-poor,upfcontributestoobesity(肥胖症).Upfdisplaceshealthieralternatives,particularlyforpoorpeople.____37____Extraweightwasonceasignofwealth,butamongBritishandAmericanwomentoday,obesityratesarehigheratlower-incomelevels.____38____Additivesthatmaybesafeinsmallquantitiesmaybeharmfulincombinationwithotherchemicalsorwhenconsumedregularly.Ifwearewhatweeat,consideringtheimpactofupfisessential.____39____Peoplewholiveinso-called“foodswamps”,whereupfiseverywherebutrealfoodishardertoreach,couldspendlargeamountsoftimeandmoneyseekingoutfreshfood,butthatisnothowmostpeoplelive.Thereisnothingwrongwiththeoddfast-foodtrip,butanyonewhocanaffordtoeatlessupfprobablyshould. A.Environmentmatters,too.B.It’scheaptoproduceandbuy.C.Butthatcheapnessandabundancecomeatacost.D.Evenfoodslabeled“natural”or“organic”canbeprocessed.E.Apizzamadefromscratchcontainsminimallyprocessedfood.F.Somepeoplehaveaparticularweaknessforsaltypotatocrisps.G.Thereasonswhyupfcanbeharmfularenotalwaysclear,eventoscientists.【答案】35.C36.E37.B38.G39.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了要警惕超加工食品的危害。【35题详解】前文“Manypeoplewouldinstinctively(本能地)saytheformer,perhapsshowingavagueconcernwithprocessedfood.Suchfoodcanoftenbedelicious.Andthereismuchtocheeraboutcaloriesbeingcheapandabundant.(许多人本能地会说前者更健康，也许是出于对加工食品的隐约担忧。加工食品往往很美味。而且含有让人欢呼雀跃的又多又便宜的卡路里。)”讲述了许多人对加工食品表示担忧，并先肯定了加工食品的优点，所以空处应讲述加油食品让人担忧的方面，C项“但那种多和便宜是要付出代价的。”与上文形成转折，且选项中的“cheapnessandabundance”对应前句中的“cheapandabundant”。故选C。【36题详解】后文“Theoneinthefreezer,withitsextra,modifiedingredients,isupf.(冰箱里的披萨是超加工食品，里面含有额外的、经过改良的成分。)”中的Theoneinthefreezer与第一段中的“onemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthefreezer”对应，所以空处应是讲述从头开始制作的披萨的情况，E项“从零开始制作的披萨含有最低限度的加工食品。”符合题意，选项中的“Apizzamadefromscratch”与第一段中的“apizzamadefromscratch”对应。故选E。【37题详解】前文“Upfdisplaceshealthieralternatives,particularlyforpoorpeople.(超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，对穷人来说尤其如此。)”讲述了穷人用超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，空处应承接上文，陈述这么做的原因，B项“它的生产和购买成本低廉。”符合题意。故选B。【38题详解】后文“Additivesthatmaybesafeinsmallquantitiesmaybeharmfulincombinationwithotherchemicalsorwhenconsumedregularly.(在少量使用时可能无害的添加剂，在与其他化学物质混合或经常摄入时可能会有害。)”讲述了有些添加剂在少量食用时无害，但在与其他化学成分混合或者经常使用时却有害，所以空处 应是说超加工食品有害的原因并不总是很清晰。G项“超加工食品为何有害的原因并不总是清晰明了，甚至连科学家也不清楚。”符合题意。故选G。【39题详解】后文“Peoplewholiveinso-called‘foodswamps’,whereupfiseverywherebutrealfoodishardertoreach,couldspendlargeamountsoftimeandmoneyseekingoutfreshfood,butthatisnothowmostpeoplelive.(生活在所谓的‘食物沼泽’中的人们，那里的超加工食品无处不在，但真正的健康食物却很难获得，人们可能要花费大量的时间和金钱去寻找新鲜食物，但这并不是大多数人的生活方式。)”讲述了有些人生活在超加工食品泛滥的环境中，他们很难获得健康的食物，由此可知，人们所处的环境对健康也很重要。A项“环境也很重要。”符合题意。故选A。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeople-pleaser,you’renotalone.Intoday’shighly-connectedworld,wehaveagrowingobsession(痴迷)withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Peopleseektopleaseothersforvariousreasons,includingavoidingconflicts,securingfeelingsofbeingneeded,andreducingfearsofabandonment.Andtheyareforcedtouseagreeablenessasself-defense.People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.Therefore,it’simportanttorecognizeandovercomeyourownpeople-pleasingbehaviors.Herearesomesimpleexercisesthatyoucanstartworkingontoday.Learntoloveyourowncompany.Trustthatpeoplewillnotabandonyou,evenifyoudon’tdropeverythingforthem.Believingyouarelovableforwhoyouare,notwhatyoudo,meansknowingthatpeoplewillstillbethereforyouevenifyoudonotalwayssearchforwaystopleasethem.Practicethisbygoingtoamovieorrestaurantalone.Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.Theyareasimportantasplansyoumakewithotherpeople.Otherwise,youaresendingamessagetoyourbrainthataplanyoumakewithyourselfdoesnotholdasmuchvalue.Don’tbreaklong-orshort-termplansyoumakewithyourself,whetherit’sgoingtothegymorstudyingforanexam.Say“no”whennecessary.Ifyou’reapeople-pleaser,youmayfindithardtosay“no”becauseyoufeelitcomesacrossascrueloruncaring.Butitabsolutelydoesnothaveto.Beclear,bedirect,anduse“I”statements.Trystatementslike:“Iwouldreallylovetobeabletohelpyou,butunfortunately,I’malreadycommittedatthattime.”Byconsistentlyintegratingthesestrategiesintoyourlife,you’llbreakyourpeople-pleasinghabitsanddevelopmorehealthy,interdependentrelationships. 40.Whatisapeople-pleaserlike?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Besidesmentalandphysicalproblems,whatotherproblemsmayapeople-pleasersufferfrom?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Ifyoudon’twanttobeapeople-pleaser,youshouldlovebeingwithothers,valuetheplansmadewithyourself,anddeclineothers’requestswhennecessary._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatdoyouthinkofthebehaviorofpleasingothers?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Apeople-pleaserhasa(growing)obsessionwithbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.41.Apeople-pleasermaysufferfromweakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.42.Ifyoudon’twanttobeapeople-pleaser,(youshould)lovebeingwithothers,valuetheplansmadewithyourself,anddeclineothers’requestswhennecessary.Youshouldlearntoloveyourowncompany.43.Ithinkit’sharmfultomentalhealth.Alwaysobsessedwithbeinglikedandignoringthetrueneedsofourown,wewouldloseourselvesandtieourworthinesstoothers’approval.Oncewefailtosatisfyall,anxietyandfrustrationwouldcreepintoourminds,causingmentalhealthissues.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是取悦他人的人会出现的一些问题以及如何克服取悦他人的行为。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeople-pleaser,you’renotalone.Intoday’shighly-connectedworld,wehaveagrowingobsession(痴迷)withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.(如果你觉得自己是一个讨人喜欢的人，那么你并不孤单。在当今这个高度互联的世界里，我们越来越痴迷于被喜欢，也越来越需要取悦他人。)”可知，取悦他人的人越来越痴迷于被人喜欢，需要取悦他人。故答案为Apeople-pleaserhasa(growing)obsessionwithbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchas fearofrejection,frustration,anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.(取悦他人的行为会导致精神和身体健康问题，比如害怕被拒绝、沮丧、愤怒、上瘾、头痛、胃病和高血压。它还可能导致边界薄弱，决策问题和依赖性。)”可知，除了精神和身体上的问题，取悦他人的人还可能会边界薄弱，决策问题和依赖性。故答案为Apeople-pleasermaysufferfromweakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Learntoloveyourowncompany.(学会爱自己的陪伴。)”，第四段的“Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.(重视自己制定的计划。)”和第五段的“Say“no”whennecessary.(必要的时候说“不”。)”可知，如果你不想成为取悦别人的人，你应该学会爱自己的陪伴，重视自己制定的计划，必要时拒绝别人的要求，因此错误的部分是“(youshould)lovebeingwithothers”，正确的应该是Youshouldlearntoloveyourowncompany，故答案为Ifyoudon’twanttobeapeople-pleaser,(youshould)lovebeingwithothers,valuetheplansmadewithyourself,anddeclineothers’requestswhennecessary.Youshouldlearntoloveyourowncompany.【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.(取悦他人的行为会导致精神和身体健康问题，比如害怕被拒绝、沮丧、愤怒、上瘾、头痛、胃病和高血压。它还可能导致边界薄弱，决策问题和依赖性。)”并结合我个人的看法可知，我认为取悦他人对心理健康有害。总是沉迷于被人喜欢，而忽视了自己真正的需求，我们会迷失自我，把自己的价值与别人的认可联系在一起。一旦我们不能满足所有人，焦虑和沮丧就会潜入我们的脑海，导致心理健康问题，故答案为Ithinkit’sharmfultomentalhealth.Alwaysobsessedwithbeinglikedandignoringthetrueneedsofourown,wewouldloseourselvesandtieourworthinesstoothers’approval.Oncewefailtosatisfyall,anxietyandfrustrationwouldcreepintoourminds,causingmentalhealthissues.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算利用2023年11月第一个周末的一天游览北京，他发来邮件请你当导游。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.接受请求；2.规划行程。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJimI’mpleasedtolearnthatyou’recomingtoBeijing,andIamveryhonoredtoshowyouaroundonthefirstweekendofNovember2023.OurfirststopwillbetheSummerPalace.ItislocatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijing.Wewillsetoutat8:00amandstaythereforabouttwohours.Afterthat,wewillgotoTempleofHeaveninBeijing,whichisaveryfamousbuildingwithalonghistoryinChina.Finally,wewillgototheForbiddenCitywheretheancientemperorslived.I’msureyouwillbeamazedatthewonderfultrip,andIdohopethatyouwillhaveagoodtimeinBeijing.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生李华给英国好友Jim回信，为其安排在北京的一天游览行程。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：glad→pleased最后：atlast→finally出发：start→setout惊讶的：surprised→amazed2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：OurfirststopwillbetheSummerPalace.ItislocatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijing. 拓展句：OurfirststopwillbetheSummerPalace,whichislocatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijing.【点睛】【高分句型1】Afterthat,wewillgotoTempleofHeaveninBeijing,whichisaveryfamousbuildingwithalonghistoryinChina.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】I’msureyouwillbeamazedatthewonderfultrip（运用了省略that的宾语从句）