北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

海淀区高二年级练习英语第一部分：听力理解(共三节，18分)第一节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)听下面4段材料。每段材料后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段材料后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段材料你将听一遍。1.WhowillgotoThailandforthefirsttime?A.Thewoman.B.Thewoman’sparents.C.Theman.2.Whenwillthewomanhavethemeeting?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.3.Whatgiftdoesthewomangivetheman?A.Atie.B.Ashirt.C.Asuit.4.Whichclubwillthetwospeakersmostprobablygoto?A.Thearthistoryclub.B.Thecookingclub.C.Thefashiondesignclub.第二节(共8小题;每小题1分，共8分)听下面4段材料。每段材料后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段材料前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。5.Whatdoesthewomaninvitethemantodothisweekend?A.Gofishing.B.Climbmountains.C.Visitthecommunitycenter.6.Whenwillthewomanpickuptheman?A.Atfive.B.Atsix.C.Atseven.听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。7.Howoftendoesthemancheckhisphone?A.Everyday.B.Everyoneortwohours.C.Everyfiveminutes.8.Howdoesthewomangetinformation?A.Overherphone.B.Onapersonalcomputer.C.Bytalkingtoayounggeneration.听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。 9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofseniorhighstudents?A.Quiet.B.Imaginative.C.Interesting.10.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Onatalkshow.B.Inalecture.C.Atameeting.听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。11.WhichofthefollowingdoesthespeakersuggestduringMinorCold?A.Slowjogging.B.Bicyclingfast.C.Runningthestairs.12.What’sthespeaker’smainpurposeingivingthetalk?A.Torecommendwaystokeepwarm.B.TomakeanintroductionofMinorCold.C.ToexplainhowChineseNewYeariscelebrated.第三节(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听第9段材料，完成第13至16小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听材料前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段材料你将听两遍。WaystoBeaSuccessfulOnlineLearnerBuildapracticalstudyplan■Writeadetailedto-dolisteveryday■Settime13Createagoodlearningenvironment■Makethespace14fromyourbedorsofa■MakesureyouhaveastronginternetconnectionTake15studybreaks■Gooutsideforawalkwithfriends■16lookingatascreen第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Inthetenthgrade,mypeersgavemeanicknamethatstuckuntilgraduation:“Dictionary.”Itallstartedthedaymyteacherannouncedanationalspellingbeecompetition.DeterminedtowinIopenedmydictionarytolearnhowtospelleverywordinEnglish.Inadesperate____1____tomemorizethemostwordspossible,Ibeganreadingdayandnight. Duringthecompetition,Imisspelledoneword.Thepainoverthisdefeatwassogreatthat—tothisday—I____2____theword:“graffiti.”However,notsucceedinginsomethingIinvestedsomucheffortinonly____3____mydeterminationtostudyharder.Later,myschoolwasparticipatinginaFrenchdictationcompetitionhostedbyanonprofitorganizationthatgiveskidsinpoverty____4____toaneducation.Frenchisn’tmyfirstlanguage,soI____5____thebooksevenharder.Ispentallmyfreetimestudying.Inthecompetition,Iscoredthehighestinmyschool!Ifeltsoproud.Thatjoywas____6____becauseIknewmyvictorywasalsohelpingchildrenlearntoreadandwrite.Inthefinal,Itookthefifthplace.Althoughitwasn’twhatIhaddreamedof,itwasquite____7____!Besidestheaward,Iacquiredthe____8____thatI’dusefortherestofmylife,suchaspersistenceandcriticalthinking.AndIfoundthatwhetherwearegenerating____9____forourselvesorforothers,weneverknowwhatcanbethecatalyst(催化剂)ofabrilliantfuture.Sometimes,thatcatalystcanbeas______10______asabook.1.A.searchB.sadnessC.cryD.attempt2.A.repeatB.learnC.preferD.remember3.A.showedB.strengthenedC.shookD.tested4.A.accessB.freedomC.attentionD.devotion5.A.tookB.pulledC.hitD.pressed6.A.doubledB.spreadC.transformedD.obtained7.A.obviousB.averageC.closeD.familiar8.A.rulesB.abilitiesC.methodsD.ideas9.A.interestB.reactionC.changeD.power10.A.simpleB.hugeC.famousD.useful【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.A5.C6.A7.C8.B9.C10.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在自己参加的单词拼写比赛中的经历，给自己和他人带来了改变，使作者获得了以后生活中所需的能力。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了尽可能多地记住单词，我不顾一切地开始夜以继日地阅读。A.search搜查；B.sadness伤心；C.cry哭喊；D.attempt尝试。根据上文中的“Determinedtowin,IopenedmydictionarytolearnhowtospelleverywordinEnglish.”可知，作者要参加比赛而且下定决心要赢，肯定会拼命地尝试记住所有的单词。故选D项。 【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次失败的痛苦是如此之大，以至于直到今天，我还记得那个词：“涂鸦”。A.repeat重复；B.learn学习；C.prefer偏爱；D.remember记住。根据上文中的“Duringthecompetition,Imisspelledoneword.Thepainoverthisdefeatwassogreatthat—tothisday”可知，作者这次失败的经历，让作者对拼错的单词印象深刻，难以忘记。故选D项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我投入了如此多的努力却没有成功，这更坚定了我更加努力学习的决心。A.showed展示；B.strengthened加强；C.shook摇晃；D.tested测试。根据上文中的“However,notsucceedinginsomethingIinvestedsomucheffortinonly…”可知，此处与上文作者的失败为转折关系，由此可推断，这次失败的痛反而加强了作者认真读书的决心。故选B项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的学校参加了一个由非营利组织主办的法语听写比赛，该组织为贫困儿童提供了受教育的机会。A.access获得的机会；B.freedom自由；C.attention注意；D.devotion投入。根据上文中的“…hostedbyanonprofitorganizationthatgiveskidsinpoverty…”可知，非营利性组织是为了帮助贫困的孩子有上学机会的，accesstosth.意为“……的机会”。故选A项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：法语不是我的第一语言，所以我更加用功读书。A.took带走；B.pulled拉，拽；C.hit重击；D.pressed按压。固定短语hitthebooks意为“用功读书”。故选C项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种喜悦加倍了，因为我知道我的胜利也帮助孩子们学会了阅读和写作。A.doubled加倍；B.spread传播；C.transformed转换；D.obtained获得。根据上文中的“Inthecompetition,Iscoredthehighestinmyschool!”和下文中的“becauseIknewmyvictorywasalsohelpingchildrenlearntoreadandwrite.”可知，作者的快乐翻倍了。故选A项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这不是我梦寐以求的，但已经很接近了！A.obvious明显的；B.average一般的；C.close接近的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据上文中的“Althoughitwasn’twhatIhaddreamedof,”可知，前半句与后半句为转折关系，尽管不是梦想的结果，但是很接近了自己的梦想。故选C项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了这个奖项，我还获得了我余生都会用到的能力，比如毅力和批判性思维。A.rules规矩；B.abilities能力；C.methods方法；D.ideas思想。根据下文中的“thatI’dusefortherestofmylife,suchaspersistenceandcriticalthinking.”可知，此处指的是作者以后生活中所用的能力。故选B项。 【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，无论我们是在为自己还是为他人创造改变，我们永远不知道什么能成为辉煌未来的催化剂。A.interest兴趣；B.reaction回应；C.change改变；D.power力量。根据下文中的“weneverknowwhatcanbethecatalyst(催化剂)ofabrilliantfuture.”可知，催化剂是让事物发生改变的，此处暗指的是让人发生改变的事情。故选C项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，这种催化剂就像一本书一样简单。A.simple简单的；B.huge巨大的；C.famous著名的；D.useful有用的。根据下文中的“as…asabook.”可知，读书是一件简单的事情。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Amy’sschoolneededtocollectmoneyformorecomputers.Sincemanyofherclassmates’familieswerefromdifferent____11____(country),Amysuggestedholdingauniquedinnernightwhereeverystudentcouldbringinhishomedish.Sheknewparentsandstudents____12____(be)gladtopaymoneytotrydifferentfoods!Forthisdinner,AmybroughtinchickenwithpotatoeswhileherChinesefriendLiHuabroughtinfriedeggswithtomatoes.Itwas____13____greatsuccess.【答案】11.countries12.wouldbe##were13.a【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述是Amy在家中成功的举办了一次独特的晚宴，每个来自不同国家的学生带了一份家乡菜。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：由于她的许多同学的家庭来自不同的国家，艾米建议举办一个独特的晚餐之夜，每个学生都可以带上他的家菜。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词做介词的宾语，different修饰名词时，名词需用复数。故填countries。【12题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：她知道家长和学生会很乐意花钱尝试不同的食物！分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句中的谓语动词，主句使用的是一般过去时态，从句时态与主句时态要一致，所以使用一般过去时态，主语是复数，所以填were描述事情发生的状态；结合句意可知，从句中的动作可以表示将来的动作，所以从句中的谓语可以使用过去将来时态。故填wouldbe/were。【13题详解】考查冠词。句意：这是一次巨大的成功。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填冠词，结合句意，此处是抽象名词具体化的用法，意为“一次巨大的成功”，故填不定冠词，great发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。“Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch,”saidFrancisBacon.Nowitseemsobvious____14____weacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.However,inthe17thcentury,manypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhatthey____15____(believe).Butourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.SoGalileoGalileisaid,“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncethey____16____(discover);thepointistodiscoverthem.”【答案】14.how15.believed##hadbelieved16.arediscovered【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是我们该如何获得和理解知识。【14题详解】考查连词。句意：现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解似乎很明显。分析句子结构可知，此处为从属连词引导的主语从句，it为形式主语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，缺少方式状语。故填how。【15题详解】考查时态。句意：然而，在17世纪，许多人倾向于忽视事实，不愿意挑战他们的信仰。分析句子结构可知，此处填谓语动词形式，what引导的是宾语从句，从句时态与主句时态要一致，主语与believe的关系为主动关系，所以可以使用一般过去时态的主动形式；然而结合句意可知，从句中的谓语believe发生在主句的谓语部分wereunwillingtochallenge之前，所以也可以使用过去完成时态。故填believed/hadbelieved。【16题详解】考查时态语态。句意：所以伽利略·伽利莱说：“所有的真理一旦被发现就很容易理解；关键是要发现它们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词形式，主语是复数，与discover之间为被动关系，又因为引文中的时态是一般现在时态，故填arediscovered。C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Perfectionism,asaclassicresponsetolife,isriskierthanitoncewas.Agrowingemphasis____17____employees’well-beingisonereasonwhyperfectionismisoutoffavour.Perfectionistsmayalsohurtteamspirit,becausetheyareregardedasbeingless____18____(social)skilledandlesslikeablethannon-perfectionists.However,somejobsactivelyrequireperfectionism.Fortunately,discouragingperfectionismdoesnotmean____19____(lower)highstandards.Perfectionistsaredeeplyannoyingbuttheyarenowherenearasbadaspeople____20____don’thaveanystandards.【答案】17.on##upon18.socially19.lowering20.who##that【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。简要介绍了完美主义和完美主义者的特点，并指出不追求完美主义并不意味着降低高标准。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：越来越重视员工的福祉是完美主义不受欢迎的原因之一。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词与emphasis构成固定搭配，anemphasison/uponsth.意为“对……强调”。故填on/upon。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：完美主义者也可能伤害团队精神，因为他们被认为比非完美主义者更不善于社交，更不讨人喜欢。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰skilled，social的副词为socially。故填socially。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运是，不追求完美主义并不意味着降低高标准。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填非谓语动词形式，meandoingsth.意为“意味着做某事”，meantodosth.意为“打算做某事”，结合句意可知，“意味着作某事”符合句意。故填lowering。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：完美主义者非常烦人，但他们远没有那些没有任何标准的人那么糟糕。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词引导定语从句修饰先行词people，从句中缺少主语，先行词指的是人，所以使用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。第三部分：阅读理解(共30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AThebaldeaglewasonceadyingspeciesintheUnitedStates.Thisisbecausethebirdwasn’talwaysheldwithrespect.AttheNationalBookFestival,authorJackE.Davisdetailedthebaldeagle’s“greatconservationsuccessstory”.Thebaldeaglehasfacedextinctiontwice.Thefirstoccurredinthelate19thcentury.“Itwasthenthatabaldeagleseenwasonetobeshot,”hesaid.Heexplainedthatthebirdhadbeenregardedasadangerousanimal,andconsideredathreat.Butsuchthreattendedtobeoverstated.Throughouttheearly20thcentury,thousandsofbaldeagleswereshotdown.Thingsbegantochangeforthebirdin1940,whenthegovernmentpasseditslegalprotection—theBaldEagleProtectionAct.However,onlyfiveyearslater,thebirdfaceditssecondnearextinctionwhenDDT,anenvironmentallyharmfulinsecticide(杀虫剂),wasintroducedattheendofWorldWarⅡ.In1963,thebaldeaglehititslowestnumber—totalinglessthan500nestingpairsacrosstheU.S.“Atthattime,onlyaboutone-thirdofthenation’swaterwassafeforswimmingandfishing,”Davissaid.“Thatwaseaglehabitat,butalsoourhabitat.”“Westeppedup.”Hementionedthatthissituationledanonprofitorganization,FishandWildlife,tolaunch“hugelysuccessful”eagleprotectionprojects.By2007,thebaldeaglewasremovedfromthelistasthespeciesregaineditshealth,reachingnearly11,000nestingpairsnationwide,andtoday’snumberissomewherearound500,000.Forthoselookingtoassistintheongoingcomebackofthebaldeagleandotherendangeredanimals,Davissaid,almosteverystatehasacenterthatacceptsdonationsandwelcomesvisitorsandvolunteers.21.Whatmadethebaldeaglealmostextinctforthefirsttime?A.Theillegalhunting.B.Theloosecontrolofguns.C.Theattackfromotheranimals.D.Themisunderstandingoftheirthreat.22.WhatcausedFishandWildlifetostarteagleprotectionprojects?A.TheoutbreakofWorldWarII.B.TheoveruseofDDTnationwide. C.Thedisappearanceofeaglehabitat.D.Theworseningofeagles’livingcondition.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Totellastoryofadyingspecies.B.ToadvertisethebookofJackE.Davis.C.Toraisetheawarenessofprotectingwildlife.D.Tointroducethewaysofprotectingbaldeagles.【答案】21.D22.D23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了秃鹰面临的两次灭绝，在政府和一些野生动物保护组织的努力下，秃鹰从美国濒临灭绝物种名单中消除。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thebaldeaglehasfacedextinctiontwice.Thefirstoccurredinthelate19thcentury.‘Itwasthenthatabaldeagleseenwasonetobeshot,’hesaid.Heexplainedthatthebirdhadbeenregardedasadangerousanimal,andconsideredathreat.(秃鹰曾两次面临灭绝。第一次发生在19世纪后期。“那时，秃鹰一被发生就会遭到射杀，”他说。他解释说，秃鹰被视为一种危险的动物，被认为是一种威胁。)”可知，19世纪末期，秃鹰被猎杀是因为人们认为秃鹰是一种威胁，这让秃鹰几乎灭绝。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Atthattime,onlyaboutone-thirdofthenation’swaterwassafeforswimmingandfishing,’Davissaid.‘Thatwaseaglehabitat,butalsoourhabitat.’‘Westeppedup.’Hementionedthatthissituationledanonprofitorganization,FishandWildlife,tolaunch‘hugelysuccessful’eagleprotectionprojects.(“当时，全国只有大约三分之一的水域可以安全游泳和钓鱼，”戴维斯说。“那是鹰的栖息地，也是我们的栖息地。”“我们站了出来。”他提到，这种情况让非营利组织FishandWildlife启动了“hugelysuccessful”鹰保护项目。)”可知，老鹰生存条件的恶化促使非营利性组织FishandWildlife发起鹰保护项目。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forthoselookingtoassistintheongoingcomebackofthebaldeagleandotherendangeredanimals,Davissaid,almosteverystatehasacenterthatacceptsdonationsandwelcomesvisitorsandvolunteers.(戴维斯说，对于那些希望帮助白头鹰和其他濒危动物恢复的人来说，几乎每个州都有一个接受捐款、欢迎游客和志愿者的中心。)” 可知，每个州都有接受捐赠并欢迎游客和志愿者的中心，这是对人们发起号召，让大家行动起来保护野生动物，再结合本文介绍的秃鹰两次濒临灭绝的情况综合推断可知，这篇文章是为了提升人们保护野生动物的意识。故选C项。BMydadloveshiswine.Onedaywhilemakingasandwich,Inoticedthedateononeofhiswinebottles.Ithentookitoutofthepantry(食品贮藏室)andrushedtowardmyfather.“Dad,Dad!”Ishouted.“Thiswineiswaypastits‘bestbefore’date.”“Son,holdon,”hesaid.“No,youcan’tdrinkthisanymore!”“Wait,letmetellyou...”“Wouldyoulikemetothrowitawayforyou?”Iasked.“Ha,ha,no.Letmeexplainsomething,”myfathersaidcheerfully.“But...”Ididn’twantmyfathergettingsick.“Son.somewinesgetbetterovertime.Thelongeryouwaittodrinkit.thebetteritwillbe.Althoughthismayseemstrange.itistrue.”WhenIwasyoung,Ididn’thaveanyunderstandingofwhatthismeant.Butnow,lookingback,thiswouldhavebeenveryhelpfultorememberasIwentthroughmyteenageryears.Weareallsokeentoreachthenextstepquicklythatwewilldoanythingtogetthere.Thishasanegativeeffectonoursociety.Inajobsituation,wewantpromotionsomuchthatwewillsteponothers.Whentryingtogototherightcollege,wewilldoanythingtogetin.Whenwerushthroughourhomework,wemaynotstudyenoughforthetest,andendupfailing.Allthesecommonsituationshaveonethingincommon:theycouldallbesolvedifwejusttookourtime.Whenwedon’tfullyprepareourselvesforthenextlevel,webecomeasocietyofpeoplewhoaren’tready,butwanttherewardsofreachingthenextlevel.Thischeatsotherswhohavepreparedanddeservethejob.Weneedtobereadyforwhatevercomes,readyfortheunexpected.Justaswinegetsbetterovertime,sowillthethingsinourpaths.24.Howdidthefatherreacttotheout-of-datewine?A.Heinsistedonkeepingit.B.Hedrankitupimmediately.C.Hecheckedifitwasdrinkable.D.Heaskedhissontothrowitaway.25.Whichofthefollowingmightthefatherapproveof?A.Graduatingfromcollegeaheadoftime.B.Gettingthebestjobasquicklyaspossible.C.Preparingourselvesforapromotionpatiently. D.Doingschoolworkdespitemissingthedeadline.26.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Goodthingscometothosewhowait.B.Positivethinkingresultsinsuccess.C.Hewholaughslast,laughsbest.D.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.【答案】24.A25.C26.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过一对父子对已经过了最佳饮用期的葡萄酒的讨论，阐明一个人生道理：我们需要为任何事情做好准备，我们人生道路上的一切才会变得更好。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二三段的对话内容““Dad,Dad!”Ishouted.“Thiswineiswaypastits‘bestbefore’date.”“Son,holdon,”hesaid.(“爸，爸！”我喊道。“这款酒已经过了‘此日期前最佳’的日期。”“儿子，等等，”他说)”可知，父亲说等等，也就是说不要扔掉，留着这瓶酒。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的首句“Weareallsokeentoreachthenextstepquicklythatwewilldoanythingtogetthere.Thishasanegativeeffectonoursociety.(我们都非常渴望迅速迈出下一步，我们将尽一切努力实现这一目标。这对我们的社会产生了负面影响)”以及尾句“Allthesecommonsituationshaveonethingincommon:theycouldallbesolvedifwejusttookourtime.(所有这些常见情况都有一个共同点：只要我们慢慢来，它们都可以解决)”可知，我们总是在没有准备好的情况下就急着进入下一阶段，这对社会是有负面影响的，要解决此问题，需要的是时间，耐心去准备。由此推知，父亲可能会赞成“耐心地为晋升做好准备”。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Weneedtobereadyforwhatevercomes,readyfortheunexpected.Justaswinegetsbetterovertime,sowillthethingsinourpaths.(我们需要为任何事情做好准备，为意想不到的事情做好准备。正如葡萄酒随着时间的推移而变得更好一样，我们道路上的事物也会变得更好)”可知，本文的观点是我们要为到来的事情以及意想不到的事情准备好，我们道路上的一切才能变得更好。由此推知，“苍天不负有心人”的观点与此一致。故选A项。CAlarmingreportsthattheAntarcticicesheetisbecomingsmallermisrepresentthefacts.Theicesheetholdsabout26.5milliongigatons(十亿吨)ofwater.Ifitweretomelt(融化)completely,sealevelswouldrise190feet.Suchachangeisanissueforthefarfuture,ifitcomesatall.MuchmoremodesticelossisnormalinAntarctica.Eachyear,some2,200gigatonsoftheiceisdischarged(消融),whilesnowfalladdsalmostthesameamount.Thedifferencebetweenthedischargeandadditioneachyearis theannualloss.Thatfigurehasbeenincreasing,from40gigatonsayearinthe1980sto250gigatonsayearinthe2010s.Buttheincreaseisjustaslightchangeinacomplexprocess.Ifitcontinuedatthatrate,thesealevelwouldberaisedby3inchesover100years.Manyfearthatawarmingglobecouldincreasedischargeandcausemorerapidsea-levelrise.Tworecentstudiesfocusonthisissue.ResearchersinthestudyofThwaitesGlacier(冰川)—anunusuallybroadandfastAntarcticglacier—inferthatinthepastitbecamesmallerforhalfayearatmorethantwicethefastestrateeverobserved.Thecauseofthisspecificeventremainsunknown,partlybecausethetimeoftherapidmeltinghasn’tyetbeendetermined.Butthemediagoeswiththisangle:“A‘doomsday(末日)glacier’,thesizeofFlorida,isbreakingfasterthanthought.”Asecondstudytestedtheideathatthemeltedfreshwatercouldbecarriedbycurrentstospeedupthedischargeofnearbyglaciers.Researchersconstructedaspecialmodeltoprovetheiridea.Ifoceancurrentscanconnectthedischargesofdistantglaciers,thatwouldaddtothecomplexityintheAntarcticicesheet.Toemphasizetheiridea,researchersusedhumaninfluencesalmostthreetimeslarger.Eventhoughthatfactisstatedinthepaper,reportersrarelycatchsuchnuance,andthemediagoeswithheadlinessuchas“amassivetsunamiwoulddrownNewYorkCity,killingmillions.”Amoreaccurateheadlinewouldread:“OceancurrentsconnectingAntarcticglaciersmightquickentheirmelting.”Thesetwostudieswereconductedwithclevermethodstoinferpastconditionsandadvancedcomputermodelingtoshowpossiblesituations.Thesepapersdescribethesciencewithappropriateprecisionandcaution,butitisashamethatthemediamisrepresentstheresearchtoraisealarm.Thatdeniesthepublictherighttomakeinformeddecisionsabout“climateaction,”aswellastheopportunitytobeamazedatthescienceitself.27.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheannuallossoftheAntarcticicesheet?A.It’sadanger.B.It’slimited.C.Itchangessignificantly.D.Itdecreasesyearly.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwostudies?A.Bothstudiesconstructednewmodels.B.TheThwaitesGlaciermeltsfasterthanexpected.C.Thecomplexityoftheoceanspeedsupthedischargeofglaciers.D.NeitherthereasonnorthetimeoftheThwaitesGlacier’smeltingisknown. 29.Theunderlinedphrase“catchsuchnuance”probablymeans.A.denytheobviousfactsB.payattentiontothedifferenceC.evaluatethedetailsD.areseriousaboutthewarning30.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Antarcticglaciersmeltingmakessealevelrisegreatly.B.Recentstudiesonthemeltingicecallforpeople’saction.C.ReportsofthemediaonAntarcticglaciersmisleadthepublic.D.Theresearchesabouttheglaciersmeltingraisepublicawareness.【答案】27B28.D29.B30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是一篇骇人听闻的关于南极冰层变小的报道，引起了人们的恐慌，本文主要讲述的是两项针对于这项报道的研究，这两项研究使用明智的做法推断过去的情况和先进的计算机建模来显示可能的情况，来证实媒体报道的不实，歪曲了研究的实情，误导了公众。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thatfigurehasbeenincreasing,from40gigatonsayearinthe1980sto250gigatonsayearinthe2010s.Buttheincreaseisjustaslightchangeinacomplexprocess.(这一数字一直在增加，从1980年代的每年40亿吨增加到2010年代的每年250千兆吨。但这种增加只是复杂过程中的微小变化。)”可知，研究者认为这种增加只是一个微小的变化，由此可推断，南极洲冰层的每年的损失是有限的的。故选B项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchersconstructedaspecialmodeltoprovetheiridea.(研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。)”可知，只有一项研究采用了建模模式，故A项错误；根据第三段中的“ResearchersinthestudyofThwaitesGlacier(冰川)—anunusuallybroadandfastAntarcticglacier—inferthatinthepastitbecamesmallerforhalfayearatmorethantwicethefastestrateeverobserved.(研究Thwaites冰川（冰川）的研究人员推断，在过去，它以有史以来最快的速度变小了半年。)”可知，该冰川融化的速度变小而不是更快，故B项错误；根据第四段中的“Asecondstudytestedtheideathatthemeltedfreshwatercouldbecarriedbycurrentstospeedupthedischargeofnearbyglaciers.(第二项研究测试了融化的淡水可以被水流携带以加速附近冰川排放的想法。)”可知，是融化的淡水增加了附近冰川的消融，故C项错误；根据第三段中的“Thecauseofthisspecificeventremainsunknown,partlybecausethetimeoftherapidmeltinghasn’tyetbeendetermined.(这一特定事件的原因仍然未知，部分原因是快速融化的时间尚未确定。)”可知，ThwaitesGlacier 的融化原因和快速融化的时间不明确。故选D项。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Researchersconstructedaspecialmodeltoprovetheiridea.Ifoceancurrentscanconnectthedischargesofdistantglaciers,thatwouldaddtothecomplexityintheAntarcticicesheet.Toemphasizetheiridea,researchersusedhumaninfluencesalmostthreetimeslarger.(研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。如果洋流可以连接遥远冰川的排放，这将增加南极冰盖的复杂性。为了强调他们的想法，研究人员使用了几乎三倍于人类的影响。)”可知，研究者用建模的方式研究洋流可能对冰川融化的影响，所以使用的近乎三倍于人类的影响进行研究。划线短语所在的句子与其前的“Eventhoughthatfactisstatedinthepaper,reportersrarely…(尽管报纸上陈述了这一事实，但记者很少……)”是转折关系，即使报纸上陈述了这一事实，但是……，结合选项可知，此处表示“他们没有注意到区别”，在结合下文中对新闻标题的更改，可以确定，此短语的意思是“注意差别”。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Thesepapersdescribethesciencewithappropriateprecisionandcaution,butitisashamethatthemediamisrepresentstheresearchtoraisealarm.Thatdeniesthepublictherighttomakeinformeddecisionsabout“climateaction,”aswellastheopportunitytobeamazedatthescienceitself.(这些论文以适当的精确和谨慎描述了科学，但令人遗憾的是，媒体歪曲了研究以引起警惕。这剥夺了公众就“气候行动”做出知情决定的权利，也剥夺了对科学本身感到惊讶的机会。)”可知，媒体歪曲了研究而引起警惕，剥夺了公众的知情决定权，由此可以推断，媒体对南极冰川的报道误导了公众。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheBenefitsofMakingFunofYourselfBeingabletolaughatyourselfisn’talwayseasy.However,makinglightofyourweaknessesandlifechallengescanhaveanumberofbenefits.Whileitmightsoundsurprising,beingabletomakefunofyourselfcanbegoodforyourself-esteem(自尊).____31____Makingfunofyourselfisaformofself-criticalhumor,whichcaninvolvebeingtoomodest,orevenlaughingatyourselfhumorously.____32____However,researchsuggeststheytendtobemoreself-confident.Whenthistypeofhumorisusedtomaintainapositiveattitudeindifficultsituations,itcanhelpenhancewell-beingandself-esteem.____33____Makingfunofyourselfmayhelpmakeyoumorelikableandbuildstrongerrelationshipswithothers.Interestingly,researchsuggeststhatbothmenandwomenthinkthatbeingabletomakefunofyourselfisanattractivetrait,despitedifferencesintheirwaysofusinghumor. Laughterhasbeenshowntohaveanumberofstress-fightingbenefits.____34____Whenyouviewsituationsasthreats,stresslevelsincrease.Shiftingtoamindsetthatallowsyoutoseethesesituationsaschallengescantransformthisintowhatisknownas“goodstress”thathelpsyoufeelmoreempowered.Makingfunofyourselfcanhavesomebenefits,butit’simportantnottotakethingstoofar.Ifmakingfunofyourselfstartsnegativelyimpactingyourmentalhealthorwell-being,it’stimetotakeastepback.____35____Ifyouembraceyourweaknessandimperfectionstoareasonabledegree,youwillfeelhappierandimproveyourrelationshipsandoverallwell-being.A.Findabalancethatworksforyou.B.Laughingatyourselfhelpsacceptyourself.C.Peoplearemoredrawntootherswhocanlaughatthemselves.D.Beingabletolaughatyourselfcanrelievestressbychangingyourview.E.Makingfunofyourselfindifficultsituationscanreduceyourstressgreatly.F.Peoplewithsuchasenseofhumoraresometimesregardedashavinglowself-esteem.G.Itmightevenimproveyourrelationshipsandhelpyoufacechallengesmoreeffectively.【答案】31.G32.F33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍自嘲的一些好处，他有利于你的自尊，甚至可以改善你的人际关系，帮助你更有效地面对挑战，本文讲述的是如何合理地利用自嘲。【31题详解】根据空前的“Whileitmightsoundsurprising,beingabletomakefunofyourselfcanbegoodforyourself-esteem(自尊).(虽然这听起来可能令人惊讶，但能够自嘲对你的自尊有好处。)”可知，该部分讲的是自嘲的好处，所以此空处应选择的是自嘲的好处，G选项“Itmightevenimproveyourrelationshipsandhelpyoufacechallengesmoreeffectively.(它甚至可以改善你的人际关系，帮助你更有效地面对挑战。)”中的even以及其内容讲述的是自嘲的好处，符合语境。故选G项。32题详解】根据空后“However,researchsuggeststheytendtobemoreself-confident.(然而，研究表明他们往往更自信。)”中的however可知，此空与下文为转折关系，下文讲述的是自嘲可以使人更加的自信，所以此处空应该是与此内容相反，F选项“Peoplewithsuchasenseofhumoraresometimesregardedashavinglowself-esteem.(有这种幽默感的人有时被认为是自卑的。)”的内容讲述的是自嘲的人被认为是自尊心低的人，符合题意。故选F项。【33题详解】 空后的“Makingfunofyourselfmayhelpmakeyoumorelikableandbuildstrongerrelationshipswithothers.(自嘲可能有助于让你更讨人喜欢，并与他人建立更牢固的关系。)”讲述的自嘲的人更讨人喜欢，人们更愿意与其建立牢固的关系，C选项“Peoplearemoredrawntootherswhocanlaughatthemselves.(人们更容易被那些可以自嘲的人所吸引。)”讲述的是人们更喜欢自嘲的人，与下文内容吻合。故选C项。【34题详解】根据空前的段落主题句“Laughterhasbeenshowntohaveanumberofstress-fightingbenefits.(哄堂大笑已被证明有许多对抗压力的好处。)”可知，该段讲述的是自嘲有抗压好处，D项“Beingabletolaughatyourselfcanrelievestressbychangingyourview.(能够嘲笑自己可以通过改变自己的观点来缓解压力。)”讲述的为嘲笑自己能缓解压力，符合语境。故选D项。【35题详解】结合空前的“Ifmakingfunofyourselfstartsnegativelyimpactingyourmentalhealthorwell-being,it’stimetotakeastepback.(如果取笑自己开始对您的心理健康或福祉产生负面影响，那么是时候退后一步了。)”可知，如果自嘲影响自己健康，说明有些过度了，而下文中的“Ifyouembraceyourweaknessandimperfectionstoareasonabledegree,youwillfeelhappierandimproveyourrelationshipsandoverallwell-being.(如果你在合理的程度上接受你的弱点和不完美，你会感到更快乐，改善你的人际关系和整体幸福感。)”说的是合理的自嘲会让人感到快乐，由此可推断，此空应是找到一个自嘲的平衡点，既要自嘲，又不能过度，A选项“Findabalancethatworksforyou.(找到一个对你起作用的平衡点。)”起到一个承上启下的作用，符合题意。故选A项。第四部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第52、53小题各2分，第54小题3分，第55小题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Computers,smartphones,andaudioplayersareanessentialpartofstudents’everydaylives.Thatmeansthatwheneverstudentsaredoinghomework,theyaregoingtobefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.Insteadofconcentratingononetask,theyareperformingmultipletasks.AccordingtotheresearchbyLarryRosen,publishedinthejournalComputersinHumanScience,studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies.Studentsoftengetdistracted(分神)bytheirphonesorusetheirlaptopsforunauthorized(未经许可的)activities.Often,studentsthinkthattheyareabletomultitaskeffectively,withoutsacrificingtheirstudies.However,theresearchshowsthatitistrueinonly5%ofallcases.Butwhydoteenagersmultitask?Theanswerissimple:multitaskingmakesusfeelgood.Astheresearchindicates,theentertainmentgainedfromsecondaryactivitiesduringstudiesmakeslearnersfeelbetteremotionally.WatchingTVortalkingtoyourfriendsbyemailispleasantandhelpsstudentsfightboredomwhiledoinghomework orlisteningtoalecturetheyfindboring.Anotherreasonwhystudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.Teenagersoftenoverratetheirabilities.Theseeminglytinydistractions,however,resultinaconstantneedtoswitchfocusandsortoutinformation,injuringthebrainbyoveruseandmakingtheprocessinefficient.However,theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.TheresearchconductedbyHKUindicatesthatpeoplewhoroutinelymultitaskareabletousetheirsensesinconjunction(结合)moreeasily.Otherresearchalsoshowsthatmultitaskinghasapositiveeffectontheabilitytopassjudgmentandsolveproblemsquicklyandefficiently.36.Whatproblemdostudentshavewhendoinghomework?____________________________________________________________37.Howdoesmultitaskinginfluencestudents’study?____________________________________________________________38.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Studentschoosetomultitaskeventhoughtheyareawarethattheymightgetdistracted.____________________________________________________________39.Whatmeasure(s)canyoutaketoavoidyourmultitasking?Why?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________【答案】36.Theproblemisusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning./Theyarefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning./Theyusetheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.37.Studentsoftengetdistractedbyusingtheirphonesortheirlaptopsforunauthorizedactivitiesandevensacrificetheirstudieswhilemultitasking.38.Studentschoosetomultitaskeventhoughtheyareawarethattheymightgetdistracted.Accordingtothepassage,studentschoosetomultitaskbecausetheyareunawarethattheymightgetdistracted./Anotherreasonthestudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework./Accordingtothepassage,manystudentsarenotawarethattheymightgetdistractedbymultitasking./Accordingtothepassage,theyoftenoverratetheirabilities,unawarethattheymightgetdistractedbymultitasking.39.Iwouldsetmyacademicgoal,whichhelpsmefindappropriatewaystofocusonmystudy.Additionally,Iwouldkeepawayfromthedevicescausingmultitasking.Withthemoutofreach,Iwouldnotbedistractedbytheunnecessaryinformation./Ialwaysswitchoffmyphonewhiledoinghomeworktoavoidmultitasking.Withoutaccesstothephone,Iwon’t checktheupdatesonsocialmediafromtimetotime.Besides,withouttheoceanofinformationfromthephone,Icanconcentrateonmyworkwell.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通常情况下多任务会导致学生分心，以及学生选择多任务的原因。【36题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Thatmeansthatwheneverstudentsaredoinghomework,theyaregoingtobefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.(这意味着无论何时学生做作业，他们都将面临使用他们的设备而不是学习的问题)”可知，学生作家庭作业时面临的问题是将设备用于学习以外的目的。故答案为：Theproblemisusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning./Theyarefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning./Theyusetheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.【37题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段的“studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies.Studentsoftengetdistracted(分神)bytheirphonesorusetheirlaptopsforunauthorized(未经许可的)activities.Often,studentsthinkthattheyareabletomultitaskeffectively,withoutsacrificingtheirstudies.However,theresearchshowsthatitistrueinonly5%ofallcases.(学生们把多达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学业无关的各种任务上。学生们经常被他们的手机或使用笔记本电脑进行未经授权的活动分散注意力。通常，学生们认为他们能够有效地同时处理多项任务，而不会牺牲学业。然而，研究表明，只有5%的情况是正确的)”可知，多任务处理会影响学生，是因为学生经常因使用手机或笔记本电脑进行未经授权的活动而分心，甚至在多任务处理时牺牲学业。故答案为：Studentsoftengetdistractedbyusingtheirphonesortheirlaptopsforunauthorizedactivitiesandevensacrificetheirstudieswhilemultitasking.【38题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Anotherreasonwhystudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.Teenagersoftenoverratetheirabilities.(学生们一心多用的另一个原因是他们根本看不到这对他们的课程作业有负面影响。青少年常常高估自己的能力)”可知，学生选择多任务是因为有时他们没有意识到这会对他们的课业产生负面影响。因此错误的部分是“eventhoughtheyareawarethattheymightgetdistracted.”。根据本文，学生选择多任务是因为他们没有意识到这会对他们的可也产生负面影响。故答案为：Studentschoosetomultitaskeventhoughtheyareawarethattheymightgetdistracted.Accordingtothepassage,studentschoosetomultitaskbecausetheyareunawarethattheymightgetdistracted./Anotherreasonthestudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheir coursework./Accordingtothepassage,manystudentsarenotawarethattheymightgetdistractedbymultitasking./Accordingtothepassage,theyoftenoverratetheirabilities,unawarethattheymightgetdistractedbymultitasking.【39题详解】开放性题目。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：我会设定我的学术目标，这有助于我找到适当的方法来专注于我的学习。此外，我会远离导致多任务处理的设备。有了他们，我就不会被不必要的信息分心。/我总是在做作业时关掉手机，以避免多任务处理。由于无法使用手机，我不会不时查看社交媒体上的更新。此外，没有电话里的大量信息，我可以很好地集中精力工作。故答案为：Iwouldsetmyacademicgoal,whichhelpsmefindappropriatewaystofocusonmystudy.Additionally,Iwouldkeepawayfromthedevicescausingmultitasking.Withthemoutofreach,Iwouldnotbedistractedbytheunnecessaryinformation./Ialwaysswitchoffmyphonewhiledoinghomeworktoavoidmultitasking.Withoutaccesstothephone,Iwon’tchecktheupdatesonsocialmediafromtimetotime.Besides,withouttheoceanofinformationfromthephone,Icanconcentrateonmyworkwell.第二节(20分)40.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。学校下个月将举办英文短剧大赛。作为班长，你打算邀请外教Mr.Jenson帮助指导你班的英文短剧表演。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.指导的具体内容;2.排练安排和其他注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：rehearse—topractiseormakepeoplepractisesomethingsuchasaplayorconcertinordertoprepareforapublicperformancerehearsal—atimewhenallthepeopleinaplay,concertetc.practisebeforeapublicperformanceDearMr.Jenson,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely, LiHua【答案】DearMr.Jenson,Hopethisletterfindsyouwell.WiththeEnglishDramaCompetitioncomingnextmonth,Iamwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusinstructionsonourplay.Firstly,couldyouproofreadandpolishourscript?Yourinsightsarehighlyappreciatedasalways.Moreover,wewillbehonoredifyoucouldhelpimproveourpronunciationandactingduringtherehearsal.Weplantorehearsetwiceaweekinthedancingstudio.Justalittlefriendlyreminder,masksarerequiredinthestudioforprecaution.Ourfirstmeetingwillbeat6p.m.nextMonday.Willyoubeavailablethen?Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldcome.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr.Jenson写一封电子邮件，邀请他帮助指导英语短剧表演，内容包括指导的具体内容、排练安排和其他的注意事项。【详解】1.词汇积累到来：come→drawnear校对：proofread→checkupon此外：moreover→what’smore改善：improve→enhance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Weplantorehearsetwiceaweekinthedancingstudio.拓展句：Weplantorehearsetwiceaweekinthedancingstudio,whichmakessureeverythingwillgosmoothly.【点睛】【高分句型1】WiththeEnglishDramaCompetitioncomingnextmonth,Iamwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusinstructionsonourplay.（运用了with的复合结构）【高分句型2】Moreover,wewillbehonoredifyoucouldhelpimproveourpronunciationandactingduringtherehearsal.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）听力答案：1.B2.C3.A4.B5.A6.B7.C8.B9.C10.A11.A12.B13.limit(s)14.separate15.regular16.Avoid