北京市首都师范大学附中2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中考试试题（Word版附解析）

首师大附中2023-2024秋季学期高一上期中测试英语学科试题本试卷共12页，考试时长110分钟，满分100分;考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：听力理解(共三节，18分)第一节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardstheplan?A.Hedoesn’tcare.B.Hethinksit’sreasonable.C.Heisagainstit.2.WhendidTheLionKingbecomeaprizewinner?A.Inthemid1990sB.Intheearly1990sC.Inthelate1990s3Whatdoesthemanwanttheguyinapartment4Bodo?A.Turnoffthemusicafter10:00p.m.B.Turndownthemusicvolume.C.Keepquietaftermidnight.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Cathywillbeattheparty.B.Cathyistoobusytocome.C.Cathyisn’tgoingtobeinvited.第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第5至6小题。5.Whatdothetwospeakersintendtodofirst?A.GotoaplayB.GotoanexhibitionC.Gotoamovie6.Whydoesn’tFredwanttogototheconcert?A.Becausetheticketsarehardtoget. B.Becauseheisn’tintothatkindofmusic.C.Becausethereisabadreview.听下面一段对话，回答第7至8题。7.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Becauseshecannotfindhernecklace.B.Becausesheisn’tsatisfiedwiththeservice.C.Becauseshewantstomakeacomplaint.8.Whatwillthemandonext?A.ReporttothemanagerB.ReporttothepoliceC.Investigatethecase听下面一段对话，回答第9至10题。9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthesciencebook?A.It’soflittlevalue.B.It’sinbadcondition.C.It’sanoldedition.10.Whyisthewomanunwillingtobuymoretextbooks?A.Becausesheisn’tsurewhattextbookswillbeused.B.Becauseshedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytobuymore.C.Becauseshedoesn’tlikebooksmarkedwithnotes.听下面一段对话，回答第11至12题。11.Howoldisthewoman?A.23B.27C.2812.Whatwillthetwospeakersdotonight?A.HavedinnertogetherB.GotoamovietogetherC.Gotothelibrarytogether听下面一段对话，回答第13至14题。13.Whichofthefollowingshowsgoodtimemanagement?A.Includingeverythinginthetimetable.B.Spendingmoretimeonexercise.CDevotingallthetimetoaparticularactivity. 14.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.ThewaystomanagetimeB.ThebenefitsoftimemanagementC.Thedifficultyoftimemanagement第三节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置。ReadingtipsTrytoreadattherightlevel●Readsomethingthatyoucanunderstand.Trytoincreasethenumberofyournewwords●Writethenewwordsinyournotebookswhen...●Tryto15theirmeaningswhilereading.Trytoread16●Readforfifteenminuteseveryday.Readwhat17you●Chooseabookoramagazineabouta18thatyoulike.第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneBiteataTimeStephenwasoncampustoregisterwhenIfirstmethim.OnesummerdaywhenIwasheadingfortheadministrationbuilding,Iheardsomeonecallmyname.I____1____aroundandsawPhilip,oneofmycolleaguesstandingwithanotheryoungman.AsPhilipintroducedmetotheyoungman,namedStephen,heremindedhimthathewouldbetakingoneofmyclasses,IntroductiontoLiterature.Withasomewhat____2____expression,Stephenaskedifmyclasswasgoingtobe“hard”.Wouldhebeabletopass?I____3____hewasconcernedaboutfailingbeforetheopeningdayofclasses.Wetalkedaboutwhattheclasswould____4____andIsawStephen’seyesgettingbigwithfear.ThenIrememberedabitofclassicaldialog:Question:“Howdoyoueatanelephant?”Answer:“Onebiteatatime.” Itoldhimto____5____hisworkthatway.Todohisassignment,allofthem,andtogettheminontime.IaddedthatmostsuccessfulstudentsIknewmadeatimetableofalltheassignmentsotheycouldplantheirworkload.Astimewenton,IlearnedmoreofStephen’sstory.Hehad____6____inmiddleschool.Ithadtakenhimlongertofinishthanmostyoungpeople.Familymembers,includinghismother,keptremindinghimthathewasafailure.Now,inthefaceoftheirnegative-sayinghehadbeenadmittedintocollege.Hetoldmethatbeforecomingtoourcampusnoonehadbelievedhehadmuch____7____.Stephendidn’tbecomean“A”student.Hedidn’tmakeanyhonorrolls.Still,hemanagedtopassmostofhiscoursesbybeinginclasseveryday,turninginallofhisassignmentontimeandbreakingdownhisstudyinginto____8____digestibleparts.Bypassingcourseaftercoursehebegantogainameasureofself-respect.Hewasagreatsingerandhewasontheschool’scross-countryteam.EverytimeIsawhimoncampus,hewouldbrightenupandsay,“Onebiteatatime.”Wheneverheintroducedmetohisfriends,hewouldtellthemthathewas____9____whenhewassupposedtobefailing.Hissecret,hesaid,wasthathewas____10____whatItaughthimbeforeclasseseverstarted:“Takeitonebiteatatime.”1.A.turnedB.satC.movedD.went2.A.innocentB.angryC.inspiredD.pained3.A.sensedB.imaginedC.heardD.admitted4.A.changeB.adjustC.coverD.produce5.A.avoidB.continueC.presentD.approach6.AfittedB.hesitatedC.struggledD.progressed7.A.experienceB.informationC.potentialD.honor8.A.full-sizedB.bite-sizedC.pocket-sizedD.medium-sized 9.A.changingB.recoveringC.concentratingD.succeeding10.A.spreadingB.consideringC.practicingD.expressing第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Itwasthefinalsprintofacyclo-crossraceinSpain.Esteban,inthirdplace,wasjustaheadofhiscompetitor,Navarro,____11____only300meterstotheend.SuddenlyEstebangotapuncture,sohethrewhisbikeoverhisshouldersandracedtowardsthefinishingline.Justafewsecondslater,fourth-placedNavarro____12____(catch)upwithhim.Surely,hecouldsimplyovertakeEstebanandcomethird.ButNavarrosloweddownandletEstebanrunaheadofhim.ThetwocyclistsreachedtheendwithEstebanaheadonfootinthirdplace,____13____Navarrocamefourth.Theaudiencewas____14____(amaze)athisshowofsportsmanshipandcheeredandclapped.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhiteFangspentthefirstmonthofhislife____15____(stay)inthewarmthofhismother.Nevermovingfarfromhersidehiswholeworldwastheshadowy____16____(safe)ofthecave.Thenoneday,henoticedthatonewallofthecavewasdifferent.Thiswasthecaveentrancethatletinalittlelight.Astimepassed,helonged____17____(go)towardsthatwalloflight.Butwhenhetried,hismothergavehimasharpwhackonhisnose.Sheknewhewastooyoungtogooutside.Thiswashisfirstlesson—thattakingriskscanbepainful.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Morethanjust____18____visualfeast,anappealingopeningceremonywowedtheworldonSaturdaySeptember23rd,asPresidentXiJinpingdeclaredthe19thAsianGamesopen.Withthegiantfloorscreenlightingtheway,theathletes’paradeproceededtothemelodyofOurAsia,____19____wasplayedtothepoundingbeatofdrumsbuiltintheshapeofosmanthus,thecityflowerofHangzhou.Duringtheparade,imagesoficonicscenicspotsatHangzhou’sfamousWestLake____20____(project)ontotheoval-shapedfloorscreen,allowingmarching athletesandspectatorstoenjoythecity’spicturesquesceneryinanimmersiveway.第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，36分)第一节(共13小题;每小题2分，共26分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATipsforWritingaCoverLetterIfyouareapplyingforaninternship,youwilllikelyhavetosubmitacoverletteraspartofyourapplication.Readbelowfortipsonwritinganinternshipcoverletter.UseBusinessLetterFormatUseproperbusinessletterformatwhensendingacoverletterbymail.Includeyourcontactinformationatthetop,thedate,andthecontactinformationfortheemployer.Besuretoprovideapropersalutation,andsignyournameatthebottom.IndividualizeYourCoverLetterMakesuretowriteauniquecoverletterforeachinternshipforwhichyouapply.Highlightskillsandabilitiesyouhavethatrelatetothespecificinternshiplisting.Themainemphasisofyourcoverlettershouldbeconvincingthereaderthatyouwillbeaqualifiedintern.EmphasizeYourAcademicExperienceIntheletter,youcanmentionacademicexperience,ifapplicable.Especiallyifyouhavelimitedworkexperience,youmightuseexamplesfromschooltodemonstratethatyouhaveparticularskills.Forexample,iftheinternshiprequiresyoutoworkaspartofateam,provideanexampleofanassistantatthelibraryorasuccessfulteamprojectyouworkedonduringoneofyourcollegecourses.IncludeExtraClassroomExperiencesYoucanalsoincludedetailsaboutyourrelevantexperienceformextraclassroomactivitiesorvolunteerwork.Forexample,areporterforacollegenewspapercanpointtointerviewingandwritingskills;ahistoryofvolunteeringatasheltercanprovideanexampleofstronginterpersonalandorganizationalskills.ProofreadandEditBesuretothoroughlyproofreadyourcoverletterforspellingandgrammarerrors.Manyinternshipsareverycompetitive,andanyerrorcanhurtyourchancesofgettinganinterview.Also,avoidusingtoomanywordstoconveyyourinformationandintention.21.Whatcanyoudotopersonalizeyourinternshipcoverletter? A.Useproperbusinessletterformat.B.Employmoreconvincingexpressions.C.Promiseagoodperformanceintheinternship.D.Stressmyownabilitiesrelatedtotherequirements.22.Academicexperienceincludedinthecoverlettercan________.A.makeupforthelackofworkexperienceB.proveyou’llbeanoutstandingorganizerC.showyouhaveagoodacademicperformanceD.multiplythechanceofworkingonateamproject23.Accordingtothetext,acoverlettershouldbe_____________.A.emotionalandsimplifiedB.informalanddetailedC.briefandtargetedD.academicandqualifiedBMymorningroutinevarieslittlefromdaytoday.Iwalkthedog,eatbreakfastatthekitchencounterwithKatieandMatt,andthensettleinforadayatthecomputer.AndbecauseIworkmostlyfromhome,Ihavelearnedthatlittlewalksintotheoutsideworldareimportantforpsychologicalwell-being.SobeforeIbeginattemptingtoputsentencestogether,Iwalkovertoalittlecoffeeshopinmyneighborhood,andchatwiththefolksbehindthecounter.ThecoffeeshopisontheothersideofthehistoricChesapeaker&OhioCanalfrommyhouse.Wheneverinseason,touristslineuptotakeaslowboat,ifnottoIndia,atleastintothe19thcentury.Onewarmdaylastfall,Iturnedthecornertoseeoneoftheboatmensittingaloneontheboat,bathedinearly-morninglight.Hewasplayingtheviolin.Thescenestoppedmeinmytracks.WhatIwitnessedcouldonlybedescribedasaperfectmoment.Tensecondsatmost.ButmonthslaterIstillrememberjuststandıngthere,watching,listening,andtakingitallin.Weallhavesuchmomentsputbeforeus.Littlesurprises.Whetherwe’rewiseenoughtoseethemisanotherthing.IthoughtoftheviolinmanoneSundayafternoonwhilereadingthebiographiesofthosekilledintheColumbiaincident.ThespecialistLaurelClark,talkingfromtheshuttleafewdaysbeforeitwastoland,saiditwasblissfultoseethesimpleunexpectedwondersofspacelikeasunset.“There’saflash;thewholepayloadbayturnsthisrosypink,”shesaid.“Itonlylastsabout15seconds,andthenit’sgone.”Ioncehadafriendwhohadastrangehabitthatneverstoppedtoamuseme,maybebecauseIneverquiteknewwhenshewasgoingtospringitonme.Itcouldcomeinthemiddleofaparticularlylivelydinnerwitholdfriends.Outoftheblue,she’dsay,“Stop!Iwanttorememberthismoment.”Irealizenow,afterherdeath,what wiseadvicethatis.24.Theauthorgoesoutforawalkeverydayinthemorningmainlybecause__________.A.sheneedstowalkthedogandenjoythefreshairB.sheconsidersthatitisgoodforherphysicalhealthC.shehatestobeleftaloneathomewhenothersareoutD.shebenefitspsychologicallyfromcontactingtheoutsideworld25.Theunderlinedword“blissful”inParagraph5probablymeans__________.A.enjoyableB.valuableC.sensibleD.reasonable26.Themainpurposeofthepassageistotellpeopleto__________.A.developagoodhabitB.enjoylifetothefullestC.catchthevaluablemomentsinlifeD.bewillingtofollowfriends’adviceCChildrenoftenlearnnewlanguagesmoreeasilythanadultsdo,butit’sunclearwhy.Sometheorizethatgraspingalanguagerequiresabsorbingsubtlepatternsunconsciouslyandthatadults’superiorconsciousreasoningistoblame.Newresearchsuggeststhat,indeed,grown-upsmightjustbetoosmartfortheirowngood.ForarecentstudyintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,agroupofBelgianadultsatthesametimereadandheardstringsoffourmade-upwords(suchas“kiengniefsiethiem”).Specificconsonants(辅音)alwaysappearedatthebeginningorendofawordifthewordcontainedacertainvowel(元音).Participantsnextreadthesequencesaloudquickly.Theirabilitytoavoidmistakesdoingsoindicatedhowwelltheyabsorbedtheconsonant-vowelpatterns.Butbeforeexposuretothenewwords,theparticipantshadcarriedoutaseparatetest:pressingkeystoreacttolettersandnumbers.Somegotamuchfaster,morementallydrainingversionofthistest.Thosewhodidthedifficultversionclaimedgreatermentalexhaustionafterward—butperformedbetteronthefollowinglanguagetask.Theresearchersassumethattiredlearnersusedlessconsciousanalysisonthewordrules:theywerefreetolearnlikeachild.ForarelatedpaperintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,theresearchteamhadEnglish-speakingadultslistentostreamsofsyllables(音节)secretlygroupedintothree-syllable“words.”Later,theyplayedpairsofthree-syllableunits;onewordinthepaircamefromthestream,andonewasanew combination.Theparticipantsguessedwhichwordwasfamiliar,thenratedtheirconfidence.Inoneparticipantgroup,somehadfirstdonetheoriginalmentallydrainingtest.Inanother,somehadreceivedmagneticpulsestointerruptactivityinabrainareathatpreviousresearchhaslinkedtoexecutivecontrol.Inbothgroups,thesemeasuresimprovedparticipants’performanceonthesyllabletaskwhentheywereunsureabouttheiranswers,indicatingunconsciousanalysisofspeech.NeuroscientistMichaelUllman,whowasnotinvolvedineitherpaper,likesthatboththestudiesaddedtomentalburdendifferentlyandmeasureddifferentskills.That’sreallygoodinsciencebecauseyou’vegotevidencespointingtothesamedirection,”hesays,addingthathewouldliketoseehigherlanguageskillssuchasgrammarstudiedthisway.27.ThereasonwhysomeBelgiansweregivenamoredifficulttestbeforethelanguagetaskwasthat__________.A.theywouldhavenotimetopreparefortheupcomingtask.B.theywouldbetootiredmentallytoconsciouslyanalyzetherulesC.theycouldhavesomethingtorefertointhefollowingtaskD.theymightcomparethedifficultylevelofthetwotasks28.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelUllman’sremark?A.Theresearchresultisnotsoliduntilgrammarisincluded.B.Subconsciousmindremainstobeexploredinscience.C.TheoutcomesofthetworesearchesbackeachotherupD.Moreevidenceisneededtobacktheclaimofthetwopapers.29.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswilltheresearchteamagreewith?A.Humanbrainprocesseslanguagesinmultipleways.B.Consciousanalysisisthekeytomasteringalanguage.C.Increasingmentalhealthimprovesone’slanguage.D.Reducingreasoningmayhelptolearnalanguage.DCastingblameisnatural:itistemptingtofaultsomeoneelseforamistakeratherthantakingresponsibilityyourself.Butblameisalsoharmful.Itmakesitlesslikelythatpeoplewilladmitmistakes,andthuslesslikelythatorganizationscanlearnfromthem.Researchpublishedin2015suggeststhatfirmswhosemanagerspointedtoexternalfactorstoexplaintheirfailingsunderperformedcompaniesthatblamedthemselves.Blamecultureasks,“whodroppedtheball?”insteadof“wheredidoursystemsandprocessesfail?”Thefocusisontheindividuals,nottheprocesses.It’smucheasiertopointfingersatapersonordepartmentinsteadofdoing theharder,butthemorebeneficial,exerciseoffixingtherootcause,sotheproblemdoesnothappenagain.TheNoBlameCulturewasintroducedtomakesureerrorsanddeficiencies(缺陷)werehighlightedbyemployeesasearlyaspossible.Itoriginatedinorganizationslike-hospitals,submarinesandairlines.Becauseerrorscanbesodisastrousintheseorganizations,it’sdangeroustooperateinanenvironmentwhereemployeesdon’tfeelabletoreporterrorsthathavebeenmadeorraiseconcernsthatdeficienciesmayturnintofutureerrors.TheNoBlameCulturemaximizesresponsibilitybecauseallcontributionstotheeventoccurringareidentifiedandreviewedforpossiblechangeandimprovement.TheNationalTransportationSafetyBoard(NTSB),whichsupervisesairtrafficacrosstheUnitedStates,makesitclearthatitsroleisnottoassignblameorlegalresponsibilitybuttofindoutwhatwentwrongandtoissuerecommendationstoavoidarepeat.Theproudrecordoftheairlineindustryinreducingaccidentspartlyreflectsno-blameprocessesforinvestigatingcrashesandclosecalls.Themotivetolearnfromerrorsalsoexistswhentherisksarelower.Thatiswhysoftwareengineersanddevelopersroutinelyinvestigatewhatwentwrongifawebsitecrashesoraservergoesdown.Thereisanobviousworryaboutembracingblamelessness.Whatifthewebsitekeepscrashingandthesamepersonisatfault?Sometimes,afterall,blameisdeserved.The“justculture”developedbyJamesReason,addressestheconcernthattheincompetentandthemalevolent(恶意的)willbeletoffthehook.ThelinethatBritain’saviationregulatordrawsbetweenhonesterrorsandtheothersortisagoodstarting-point.Itpromisesacultureinwhichpeople“arenotpunishedforactionsordecisionstakenbythemthatgowiththeirexperienceandtraining”.Thatnarrowsroomforblamebutdoesnotremoveitentirely.30.Accordingtotheresearchpublishedin2015,companiesthat__________hadbetterperformance.A.blamedexternalfactorsB.admittedmistakesC.conductedinvestigationsD.acceptedfailures31.Accordingtothepassage,theNoBlameCulture__________.A.encouragestheearlydisclosureoferrorsB.onlyexistsinhighreliabilityorganizationsC.enablespeopletoshifttheblameontoothersD.preventsorganizationsfromlearningfromerrors32.Whatisthemajorconcernaboutembracingblamelessnessaccordingtothepassage?A.Beingblamedformistakescandestroytrustinemployees.B.Thelinebetweenhonesterrorsandtheothersortisnotclear.C.Innocentpeoplemighttaketheblamebyadmittingtheirfailure. D.Peoplewon’tlearntheirlessonsiftheyaren’tblamedforfailures.33.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoAvoidDisastrousErrorsinOrganizationsB.WhyWeFailtoLearnfromOurOwnMistakesC.WhyWeShouldStoptheBlameGameatWorkD.HowtoDealwithWorkplaceBlameCulture第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoTurnYourGoalsintoHabitsFirstwemakeourhabits,thenourhabitsmakeus.It’ssuchasimpleconcept,yetit’ssomethingwedon’talwaysdo.IbelievethathavingONEgoaltofocusonismuchmorepowerfulthanhavingmanygoals.Byputtingthebeliefintopractice,Ihaveachievedalotofpersonalgoalsovertime.____34____Myanswertakesalittleexplaining.Itrytoturnmygoalsintohabits,andindoingso,Iputmygoalsonautopilot.Turningagoalintoahabitmeansreallyfocusingonitforatleastamonth.Themoreyoucanfocus,themoreit’llbeonautopilot.____35____You’llstilldoit,butyouonlyhavetouseminimalforcetomaintainit,andyoucanfocusonyournextgoalorhabit.Takemymarathongoalasanexample.Iwasjuststartingrunningandhadthebrilliantideatorunamarathonwithinayear.Sothatwasmygoal.____36____First,Ihadtomakerunningadailyhabit.Second,Ihadtoreporttopeopleinordertohaveaccountability(负责)sothatIcouldnotquiteasily.Ifocusedonthedailyrunninghabitforaboutamonth,anddidn’thaveanyothergoalsorhabits.Whentherunninghabitstuck,IstartedreportingtopeopleIknewandbloggingaboutmyrunningeveryday._____37_____Icouldfocusonnewgoalswithouthavingtoworryaboutthemarathon.Istillhadtodotherunning,ofcourse,butitdidn’trequireconstantfocus._____38_____Iwasabletoachievethisbecause,allyearlong,Ihaddailyrunningandaccountabilityhabits.Iputmymarathongoalintoautopilot,soinsteadofstrugglingwithitdailyforanentireyear,Ifocusedonitforonemonthandwasabletoaccomplishitwhilefocusingonnewhabitsandgoals.A.Andeventually,Iranthefirstmarathoninmylife.B.Atthebeginning,itwasverydifficultformetoachievethisgoal. C.ButinordertoachieveitIbrokeitdownintotwohabits.D.Withthisaccountability,there’snowayIcouldstoprunning.E.Onceyouputitonautopilot,youdon’thavetofocusonitmuch.F.MyreadersaskedmehowIwasabletoachievethemwhileworkingondifferentprojects.G.Oncethosetwohabitswereestablished,mymarathongoalwasprettymuchonautopilot.第四部分：书面表达(共两节，26分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题;第57小题1分，第58小题2分，第59小题3分;第60小题5分，共11分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Fromthecheekysoundofawhoopeecushiontoaspring-loadedspiderrocketingfromaglass,pranks(恶作剧)areapopularwayofmakingfunofothersandgettingalaugh.Whilesomeexpertspointoutpotentialnegatives,prankingcanalsodecreasestress,raiseasmile,andstrengthenrelationships.It’slittlewonderthatbest-sellingchildren’sauthorMattStantonhasshapedhislatestbookaroundpranksforyoungjokesters.PartofhisFunnyKidbookseries,PrankAliens,isaboutaboynamedMaxwhoissearchingforthegreatestprankofalltime.Stantonsaidthatprankinginthehomecanbuildstrongrelationshipsbetweenparentsandkids.“Someofthebestrelationship-buildingmomentsIhavewithmyownkidsarewhenIenterintotheirspace,”Stantonsaid.“Anadultjoiningintheirgamescanbesurprisingforkidsandbringwonderfulmomentsofjoy.It’sagreatwaytodemonstratetoourkidsthatwecanlaughatourselvesandstillfeellovedandsecure,”headded.Butplayingtrickscancomewithunintendedconsequences,saidpsychiatristMarkCross.Pranksthatareintendedtoharmorembarrasscanangerthetargetandevenruinarelationship.However,Crossalsoadded“Prankingcanbegoodwhentheoutcomeislaughterforeveryone,includingtheprankedperson.Itcanbeagreatreleaseofstress.Whenyoulaugh,youbreathedeeper,whichhelpseaseanxiety.”Sowhynottrysomepranks?Wrappingvegetablesandshoesupaspresentsforkidsontheirbirthdaysalwaysgetsagreatreaction.Puttingplasticspidersinguests’drinksorplacingawhoopeecushiononanunsuspecting person’schairissuretocauseabellylaugh.Allthesemightjustbegoodforyouandeveryoneinvolved.39.Whatarethebenefitsofpranking?40.Whencanpranksangerthetargetorevenruinarelationship?41.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Prankingisgoodwheneveryonelaughsattheprankedperson,sincelaughterreleasesstress.42.Inadditiontopranking,whatotherwayscanyouusetostrengthenrelationshipswithfamilymembers?(Inabout40words)第二节书面表达(共1小题，共15分)43.假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim升入高中后，学业压力大，感到疲倦，你建议他通过体育锻炼来缓解压力。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一项运动并说明理由;2.提示该项运动需做的准备。注意：1.词数100词左右;2.开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua 首师大附中2023-2024秋季学期高一上期中测试英语学科试题本试卷共12页，考试时长110分钟，满分100分;考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：听力理解(共三节，18分)第一节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardstheplan?A.Hedoesn’tcare.B.Hethinksit’sreasonable.C.Heisagainstit.2.WhendidTheLionKingbecomeaprizewinner?A.Inthemid1990sB.Intheearly1990sC.Inthelate1990s3.Whatdoesthemanwanttheguyinapartment4Bodo?A.Turnoffthemusicafter10:00p.m.B.Turndownthemusicvolume.C.Keepquietaftermidnight.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Cathywillbeattheparty.B.Cathyistoobusytocome.C.Cathyisn’tgoingtobeinvited.第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第5至6小题。5.Whatdothetwospeakersintendtodofirst?A.GotoaplayB.GotoanexhibitionC.Gotoamovie6.Whydoesn’tFredwanttogototheconcert?A.Becausetheticketsarehardtoget. B.Becauseheisn’tintothatkindofmusic.C.Becausethereisabadreview.听下面一段对话，回答第7至8题。7.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Becauseshecannotfindhernecklace.B.Becausesheisn’tsatisfiedwiththeservice.C.Becauseshewantstomakeacomplaint.8.Whatwillthemandonext?A.ReporttothemanagerB.ReporttothepoliceC.Investigatethecase听下面一段对话，回答第9至10题。9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthesciencebook?A.It’soflittlevalue.B.It’sinbadcondition.C.It’sanoldedition.10.Whyisthewomanunwillingtobuymoretextbooks?A.Becausesheisn’tsurewhattextbookswillbeused.B.Becauseshedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytobuymore.C.Becauseshedoesn’tlikebooksmarkedwithnotes.听下面一段对话，回答第11至12题。11.Howoldisthewoman?A.23B.27C.2812.Whatwillthetwospeakersdotonight?A.HavedinnertogetherB.GotoamovietogetherC.Gotothelibrarytogether听下面一段对话，回答第13至14题。13.Whichofthefollowingshowsgoodtimemanagement?A.Includingeverythinginthetimetable.B.Spendingmoretimeonexercise.C.Devotingallthetimetoaparticularactivity.14.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout? A.ThewaystomanagetimeB.ThebenefitsoftimemanagementC.Thedifficultyoftimemanagement第三节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置。ReadingtipsTrytoreadattherightlevel●Readsomethingthatyoucanunderstand.Trytoincreasethenumberofyournewwords●Writethenewwordsinyournotebookswhen...●Tryto15theirmeaningswhilereading.Trytoread16●Readforfifteenminuteseveryday.Readwhat17you●Chooseabookoramagazineabouta18thatyoulike.第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneBiteataTimeStephenwasoncampustoregisterwhenIfirstmethim.OnesummerdaywhenIwasheadingfortheadministrationbuilding,Iheardsomeonecallmyname.I____1____aroundandsawPhilip,oneofmycolleaguesstandingwithanotheryoungman.AsPhilipintroducedmetotheyoungman,namedStephen,heremindedhimthathewouldbetakingoneofmyclasses,IntroductiontoLiterature.Withasomewhat____2____expression,Stephenaskedifmyclasswasgoingtobe“hard”.Wouldhebeabletopass?I____3____hewasconcernedaboutfailingbeforetheopeningdayofclasses.Wetalkedaboutwhattheclasswould____4____andIsawStephen’seyesgettingbigwithfear.ThenIrememberedabitofclassicaldialog:Question:“Howdoyoueatanelephant?”Answer:“Onebiteatatime”Itoldhimto____5____hisworkthatway.Todohisassignment,allofthem,andtogettheminontime.I addedthatmostsuccessfulstudentsIknewmadeatimetableofalltheassignmentsotheycouldplantheirworkload.Astimewenton,IlearnedmoreofStephen’sstory.Hehad____6____inmiddleschool.Ithadtakenhimlongertofinishthanmostyoungpeople.Familymembers,includinghismother,keptremindinghimthathewasafailure.Now,inthefaceoftheirnegative-sayinghehadbeenadmittedintocollege.Hetoldmethatbeforecomingtoourcampusnoonehadbelievedhehadmuch____7____.Stephendidn’tbecomean“A”student.Hedidn’tmakeanyhonorrolls.Still,hemanagedtopassmostofhiscoursesbybeinginclasseveryday,turninginallofhisassignmentontimeandbreakingdownhisstudyinginto____8____digestibleparts.Bypassingcourseaftercoursehebegantogainameasureofself-respect.Hewasagreatsingerandhewasontheschool’scross-countryteam.EverytimeIsawhimoncampus,hewouldbrightenupandsay,“Onebiteatatime.”Wheneverheintroducedmetohisfriends,hewouldtellthemthathewas____9____whenhewassupposedtobefailing.Hissecret,hesaid,wasthathewas____10____whatItaughthimbeforeclasseseverstarted:“Takeitonebiteatatime.”1.A.turnedB.satC.movedD.went2.A.innocentB.angryC.inspiredD.pained3.A.sensedB.imaginedC.heardD.admitted4.A.changeB.adjustC.coverD.produce5.A.avoidB.continueC.presentD.approach6.A.fittedB.hesitatedC.struggledD.progressed7.A.experienceB.informationC.potentialD.honor8.A.full-sizedB.bite-sizedC.pocket-sizedD.medium-sized9.A.changingB.recoveringC.concentratingD.succeeding 10.A.spreadingB.consideringC.practicingD.expressing【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C5.D6.C7.C8.B9.D10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的“一次吃一口”的学习方法，使得一个刚入学、害怕自己课程不能合格的不自信的学生，最终取得了成功的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我转过身，看见我的同事菲利普和另一个年轻人站在一起。A.turne(around)转身；B.sat坐；C.moved(around)走来走去；D.went(around)四处走动。根据前文“OnesummerdaywhenIwasheadingfortheadministrationbuilding,Iheardsomeonecallmyname.”（一个夏天的一天，当我走向行政大楼时，我听到有人叫我的名字）和本句中“andsawPhillip”可知，作者听到有人叫他的名字，应该是转身过来后看到了叫他的人。故选A。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬带着有点痛苦的表情问我的课会不会“难”。A.innocent天真的；B.angry生气的；C.inspired能力卓越的；D.pained痛苦的。根据句中“Stephenaskedifmyclasswasgoingtobe“hard””和下一句“Wouldhebeabletopass?”（我能合格吗？）可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，怕自己会挂科，因此表情是有点痛苦的。故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到他在担心开学前会不会挂科。A.sensed感觉到；B.imagined想象；C.heard听到；D.admitted承认。根据前文“Withasomewhat　2　expression,Stephenaskedifmyclasswasgoingtobe“hard”.Wouldhebeabletopass?”（斯蒂芬带着有点痛苦的表情问我的课会不会“难”，我能合格吗？）可知，斯蒂芬是担心课程很难，自己会挂科，所以作者也从他的话语和痛苦的表情中感觉到了他在担心。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们讨论了课程内容，我看到斯蒂芬的眼睛因恐惧而睁大。A.change改变；B.adjust调整；C.cover涉及；D.produce生产。根据前文“Stephenaskedifmyclasswasgoingtobe“hard””和本句中“IsawStephen’seyesgettingbigwithfear.”可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，所以他的眼睛因恐惧而睁大，应该是因为听到作者在和菲利普讨论课程所涉及的内容。故选C。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他要这样做他的工作。A.avoid避免；B.continue继续；C.present呈现；D.approach应对。根据下文“Todohisassignment,allofthem,andtogettheminontime.” （要完成作业，所有的作业，并且按时交上来）可知，作者是在告诉斯蒂芬如何去应对自己的功课任务。故选D。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在中学时学得很吃力。A.fitted适应；B.hesitated犹豫；C.struggled艰难行进；D.progressed进步。根据下文“Ithadtakenhimlongertofinishthanmostyoungpeople.”（他比大多数年轻人花了更长的时间才完成）可知，斯蒂芬在中学的学习也是很吃力的，完成得比较艰难。故选C。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，在来我们学校之前，没有人相信他有很大的潜力。A.experience经验；B.information信息；C.potential潜力；D.honor荣誉。根据前文“Hehad　6　inmiddleschool.”（他在中学时学得很吃力）和“Familymembers,includinghismother,keptremindinghimthathewasafailure.”（家庭成员，包括他的母亲，不断提醒他，他是个失败者）可知，他在考入这所学校之前，学习一直很吃力，家人也都认为他是个失败者，因此没人相信他有潜力。故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是通过了每天上课、按时交作业、把学习分成小块、容易消化的方法，通过了大部分课程。A.full-sized全尺寸的；B.bite-sized一口大小的，小块的；C.pocket-sized袖珍的；D.medium-sized中等大小的。根据前文提到的作者教给他的“Onebiteatatime”（一次吃一口）和下文“Hissecret,hesaid,wasthathewas　10　whatItaughthimbeforeclasseseverstarted:“Takeitonebiteatatime.””（他说，他的秘诀在于，他一直在练习我在开课前教他的东西:“一次吃一口”）可知，斯蒂芬一直坚持用作者教给他的“一次吃一口”的方法，把学习分成一口大小的、容易消化的部分，一点一点学习。故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当他把我介绍给他的朋友们时，他都会告诉他们，当人们以为他会失败的时候，他成功了。A.changing变化；B.recovering康复；C.concentrating聚精会神；D.succeeding成功。根据前文“Bypassingcourseaftercoursehebegantogainameasureofself-respect.”（通过一门又一门的考试，他开始获得了一定程度的自尊）可知，虽然很多人都以为他会失败，但他最终通过了一门又一门的考试，获得了成功。故选D。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，他的秘诀在于，他一直在练习我在开课前教他的东西:“一次吃一口”。A.spreading传播；B.considering考虑；C.practicing练习；D.expressing表达。根据前文“Itoldhimto　5　hisworkthatway.”可知，作者教给斯蒂芬“一次吃一口”的方法是一种学习方法，是要加以练习和实践才可以取得效果的，所以斯蒂芬最终成功的秘诀就是不断练习运用这种方法。故选C。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Itwasthefinalsprintofacyclo-crossraceinSpain.Esteban,inthirdplace,wasjustaheadofhiscompetitor,Navarro,____11____only300meterstotheend.SuddenlyEstebangotapuncture,sohethrewhisbikeoverhisshouldersandracedtowardsthefinishingline.Justafewsecondslater,fourth-placedNavarro____12____(catch)upwithhim.Surely,hecouldsimplyovertakeEstebanandcomethird.ButNavarrosloweddownandletEstebanrunaheadofhim.ThetwocyclistsreachedtheendwithEstebanaheadonfootinthirdplace,____13____Navarrocamefourth.Theaudiencewas____14____(amaze)athisshowofsportsmanshipandcheeredandclapped.【答案】11.with12.caught13.while14.amazed【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了西班牙自行车越野赛中，排名第三的埃斯特班在距离终点仅剩下300米的时候车轮爆胎不得不跑步冲向终点，排名第四的纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，展示了高尚的体育精神。【11题详解】考查介词。句意：排名第三埃斯特班领先于他的竞争对手纳瓦罗，现在距离终点仅剩300米。分析句子结构，空白处及其下文在句子中做伴随状语，应使用表示伴随含义的介词，with为介词，可做伴随状语，故填with。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：几秒钟后，排名第四的纳瓦罗追上了他。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填caught。13题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：两名自行车手到达终点，埃斯特巴以步行的方式领先，获得第三名，而纳瓦罗获得第四名。根据上文“Surely,hecouldsimplyovertakeEstebanandcomethird.(当然，他完全可以超越埃斯特巴，获得第三名。)”可知，纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，让埃斯特班拿到了第三名，而自己拿到了第四名，展示了高尚的体育精神，可推理出空白处应填表示转折和让步关系的连词，故填while。【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：观众对他的体育精神表现感到惊讶，欢呼鼓掌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做表语表示属性，使用形容词，因修饰主语theaudience，指人，使用v-ed形式的形容词，故填amazed。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhiteFangspentthefirstmonthofhislife____15____(stay)inthewarmthofhismother.Nevermovingfarfromhersidehiswholeworldwastheshadowy____16____(safe)ofthecave.Thenoneday,henoticedthatonewallofthecavewasdifferent.Thiswasthecaveentrancethatletinalittlelight.Astimepassed,helonged____17____(go)towardsthatwalloflight.Butwhenhetried,hismothergavehimasharpwhackonhisnose.Sheknewhewastooyoungtogooutside.Thiswashisfirstlesson—thattakingriskscanbepainful.【答案】15.staying16.safety17.togo【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述出生在寒冷多雪的阿拉斯加北国的白牙，他出生后就和母亲生活在安全的洞穴里。随着他长大，他渴望到外面的世界，但是他的母亲知道现在对于他来说，外面的世界非常的危险。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：白牙在母亲的温暖中度过了他生命的第一个月。spendtime/money(in)doingsth.“花费时间/金钱做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填staying。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：他从来没有离开过她的身边，他的整个世界都是洞穴里阴暗的安全地带。根据空前的形容词以及空后的of可知，空处需要名词。safe为形容词，其名词为safety，此处的意思为“安全处所”，为不可数名词。故填safety。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的流逝，他渴望走向那道光明之墙。longtodosth.“渴望做某事”。故填togo。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Morethanjust____18____visualfeast,anappealingopeningceremonywowedtheworldonSaturdaySeptember23rd,asPresidentXiJinpingdeclaredthe19thAsianGamesopen.Withthegiantfloorscreenlighting theway,theathletes’paradeproceededtothemelodyofOurAsia,____19____wasplayedtothepoundingbeatofdrumsbuiltintheshapeofosmanthus,thecityflowerofHangzhou.Duringtheparade,imagesoficonicscenicspotsatHangzhou’sfamousWestLake____20____(project)ontotheoval-shapedfloorscreen,allowingmarchingathletesandspectatorstoenjoythecity’spicturesquesceneryinanimmersiveway.【答案】18.a19.which20.wereprojected【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了19届亚运会在中国举办，介绍了亚运会开幕式上的盛况。【18题详解】考查冠词。句意：9月23日星期六，当习近平主席宣布第19届亚运会开幕时，一场吸引人的开幕式不仅仅是一场视觉盛宴，还震惊了世界。根据语境可知，此处表示亚运会的开幕式不仅仅是“一场视觉的盛宴”，所以空处需要不定冠词。空后的单词为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在巨大的落地大屏幕的照明下，运动员的入场式在“我们的亚洲”的旋律下进行，“我们的亚洲”伴随着以杭州市花桂树形状建造的鼓点的敲击声而进行。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词OurAsia，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。【20题详解】考查时态语态。句意：入场式期间，著名的杭州西湖景点的图像被投射到椭圆形的地板屏幕上，让行进的运动员和观众以身临其境的方式欣赏城市如画的风景。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处是在介绍亚运会开幕式的场景，所以时态为一般过去时。主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。综上所述，该句话用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词使用were。故填wereprojected。第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，36分)第一节(共13小题;每小题2分，共26分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATipsforWritingaCoverLetterIfyouareapplyingforaninternship,youwilllikelyhavetosubmitacoverletteraspartofyourapplication.Readbelowfortipsonwritinganinternshipcoverletter. UseBusinessLetterFormatUseproperbusinessletterformatwhensendingacoverletterbymail.Includeyourcontactinformationatthetop,thedate,andthecontactinformationfortheemployer.Besuretoprovideapropersalutation,andsignyournameatthebottom.IndividualizeYourCoverLetterMakesuretowriteauniquecoverletterforeachinternshipforwhichyouapply.Highlightskillsandabilitiesyouhavethatrelatetothespecificinternshiplisting.Themainemphasisofyourcoverlettershouldbeconvincingthereaderthatyouwillbeaqualifiedintern.EmphasizeYourAcademicExperienceIntheletter,youcanmentionacademicexperience,ifapplicable.Especiallyifyouhavelimitedworkexperience,youmightuseexamplesfromschooltodemonstratethatyouhaveparticularskills.Forexample,iftheinternshiprequiresyoutoworkaspartofateam,provideanexampleofanassistantatthelibraryorasuccessfulteamprojectyouworkedonduringoneofyourcollegecourses.IncludeExtraClassroomExperiencesYoucanalsoincludedetailsaboutyourrelevantexperienceformextraclassroomactivitiesorvolunteerwork.Forexample,areporterforacollegenewspapercanpointtointerviewingandwritingskills;ahistoryofvolunteeringatasheltercanprovideanexampleofstronginterpersonalandorganizationalskills.ProofreadandEditBesuretothoroughlyproofreadyourcoverletterforspellingandgrammarerrors.Manyinternshipsareverycompetitive,andanyerrorcanhurtyourchancesofgettinganinterview.Also,avoidusingtoomanywordstoconveyyourinformationandintention.21.Whatcanyoudotopersonalizeyourinternshipcoverletter?A.Useproperbusinessletterformat.B.Employmoreconvincingexpressions.C.Promiseagoodperformanceintheinternship.D.Stressmyownabilitiesrelatedtotherequirements.22.Academicexperienceincludedinthecoverlettercan________.A.makeupforthelackofworkexperienceB.proveyou’llbeanoutstandingorganizerC.showyouhaveagoodacademicperformanceD.multiplythechanceofworkingonateamproject23.Accordingtothetext,acoverlettershouldbe_____________.A.emotionalandsimplifiedB.informalanddetailed C.briefandtargetedD.academicandqualified【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了求职信的五个写作技巧。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Makesuretowriteauniquecoverletterforeachinternshipforwhichyouapply.Highlightskillsandabilitiesyouhavethatrelatetothespecificinternshiplisting.Themainemphasisofyourcoverlettershouldbeconvincingthereaderthatyouwillbeaqualifiedintern.(确保为你申请的每个实习岗位写一封独特的求职信。突出你所拥有的与实习相关的技能和能力。求职信的重点应该是让读者相信你是一个合格的实习生)”可知，强调自己与要求相关的能力，才能让你的实习求职信更个性化。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Intheletter,youcanmentionacademicexperience,ifapplicable.Especiallyifyouhavelimitedworkexperience,youmightuseexamplesfromschooltodemonstratethatyouhaveparticularskills.(如果可以的话，你可以在信中提到你的学术经历。特别是如果你的工作经验有限，你可以用学校里的例子来证明你有特殊的技能)”可知，求职信中包含的学术经验可以弥补工作经验的不足。故选A。23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besuretothoroughlyproofreadyourcoverletterforspellingandgrammarerrors.Manyinternshipsareverycompetitive,andanyerrorcanhurtyourchancesofgettinganinterview.Also,avoidusingtoomanywordstoconveyyourinformationandintention.(一定要彻底校对你的求职信的拼写和语法错误。很多实习都很有竞争力，任何失误都可能损害你获得面试机会的机会。同时，避免用太多的词语来表达你的信息和意图)”可知，求职信应该简洁而有针对性。故选C。BMymorningroutinevarieslittlefromdaytoday.Iwalkthedog,eatbreakfastatthekitchencounterwithKatieandMatt,andthensettleinforadayatthecomputer.AndbecauseIworkmostlyfromhome,Ihavelearnedthatlittlewalksintotheoutsideworldareimportantforpsychologicalwell-being.SobeforeIbeginattemptingtoputsentencestogether,Iwalkovertoalittlecoffeeshopinmyneighborhood,andchatwiththefolksbehindthecounter.ThecoffeeshopisontheothersideofthehistoricChesapeaker&OhioCanalfrommyhouse.Wheneverinseason,touristslineuptotakeaslowboat,ifnottoIndia,atleastintothe19thcentury.Onewarmdaylastfall,Iturnedthecornertoseeoneoftheboatmensittingaloneontheboat,bathedinearly-morninglight.Hewasplayingtheviolin.Thescenestoppedmeinmytracks.WhatIwitnessedcouldonlybe describedasaperfectmoment.Tensecondsatmost.ButmonthslaterIstillrememberjuststandıngthere,watching,listening,andtakingitallin.Weallhavesuchmomentsputbeforeus.Littlesurprises.Whetherwe’rewiseenoughtoseethemisanotherthing.IthoughtoftheviolinmanoneSundayafternoonwhilereadingthebiographiesofthosekilledintheColumbiaincident.ThespecialistLaurelClark,talkingfromtheshuttleafewdaysbeforeitwastoland,saiditwasblissfultoseethesimpleunexpectedwondersofspacelikeasunset.“There’saflash;thewholepayloadbayturnsthisrosypink,”shesaid.“Itonlylastsabout15seconds,andthenit’sgone.”Ioncehadafriendwhohadastrangehabitthatneverstoppedtoamuseme,maybebecauseIneverquiteknewwhenshewasgoingtospringitonme.Itcouldcomeinthemiddleofaparticularlylivelydinnerwitholdfriends.Outoftheblue,she’dsay,“Stop!Iwanttorememberthismoment.”Irealizenow,afterherdeath,whatwiseadvicethatis.24.Theauthorgoesoutforawalkeverydayinthemorningmainlybecause__________.A.sheneedstowalkthedogandenjoythefreshairB.sheconsidersthatitisgoodforherphysicalhealthC.shehatestobeleftaloneathomewhenothersareoutD.shebenefitspsychologicallyfromcontactingtheoutsideworld25.Theunderlinedword“blissful”inParagraph5probablymeans__________.A.enjoyableB.valuableC.sensibleD.reasonable26.Themainpurposeofthepassageistotellpeopleto__________.A.developagoodhabitB.enjoylifetothefullestC.catchthevaluablemomentsinlifeD.bewillingtofollowfriends’advice【答案】24.D25.A26.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过文字告诉我们应该在生活中珍视人生中的幸福时刻，珍视人生的瞬间之美。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话“AndbecauseIworkmostlyfromhome,Ihavelearnedthatlittlewalksinto theoutsideworldareimportantforpsychologicalwell-being.(因为我大部分时间都在家工作，我了解到偶尔去外面的世界对心理健康很重要)”可知，去外面散步能够对作者的心理健康有好处。故选D。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句话“seethesimpleunexpectedwondersofspacelikeasunset.(看到日落这样简单而意想不到的太空奇观)”以及下一句话““There’saflash;thewholepayloadbayturnsthisrosypink,”shesaid.(她说：“有一道闪光，整个有效载荷舱都变成了粉红色。”)”可知，看到日落这样简单而意想不到的太空奇观是一件让人愉悦的事，所以让人感觉整个载荷舱都是粉红色的。由此可知，划线单词的意思是“让人愉悦的”。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Weallhavesuchmomentsputbeforeus.Littlesurprises.Whetherwe’rewiseenoughtoseethemisanotherthing.(我们都有这样的时刻摆在我们面前。小惊喜。我们是否有足够的智慧去看他们是另一回事)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了让人们抓住生活中有价值的瞬间，珍惜这些美好的瞬间。故选C。CChildrenoftenlearnnewlanguagesmoreeasilythanadultsdo,butit’sunclearwhy.Sometheorizethatgraspingalanguagerequiresabsorbingsubtlepatternsunconsciouslyandthatadults’superiorconsciousreasoningistoblame.Newresearchsuggeststhat,indeed,grown-upsmightjustbetoosmartfortheirowngood.ForarecentstudyintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,agroupofBelgianadultsatthesametimereadandheardstringsoffourmade-upwords(suchas“kiengniefsiethiem”).Specificconsonants(辅音)alwaysappearedatthebeginningorendofawordifthewordcontainedacertainvowel(元音).Participantsnextreadthesequencesaloudquickly.Theirabilitytoavoidmistakesdoingsoindicatedhowwelltheyabsorbedtheconsonant-vowelpatterns.Butbeforeexposuretothenewwords,theparticipantshadcarriedoutaseparatetest:pressingkeystoreacttolettersandnumbers.Somegotamuchfaster,morementallydrainingversionofthistest.Thosewhodidthedifficultversionclaimedgreatermentalexhaustionafterward—butperformedbetteronthefollowinglanguagetask.Theresearchersassumethattiredlearnersusedlessconsciousanalysisonthewordrules:theywerefreetolearnlikeachild.ForarelatedpaperintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,theresearchteamhadEnglish-speakingadultslistentostreamsofsyllables(音节)secretlygroupedintothree-syllable“words.”Later,theyplayedpairsofthree-syllableunits;onewordinthepaircamefromthestream,andonewasanewcombination.Theparticipantsguessedwhichwordwasfamiliar,thenratedtheirconfidence. Inoneparticipantgroup,somehadfirstdonetheoriginalmentallydrainingtest.Inanother,somehadreceivedmagneticpulsestointerruptactivityinabrainareathatpreviousresearchhaslinkedtoexecutivecontrol.Inbothgroups,thesemeasuresimprovedparticipants’performanceonthesyllabletaskwhentheywereunsureabouttheiranswers,indicatingunconsciousanalysisofspeech.NeuroscientistMichaelUllman,whowasnotinvolvedineitherpaper,likesthatboththestudiesaddedtomentalburdendifferentlyandmeasureddifferentskills.That’sreallygoodinsciencebecauseyou’vegotevidencespointingtothesamedirection,”hesays,addingthathewouldliketoseehigherlanguageskillssuchasgrammarstudiedthisway.27.ThereasonwhysomeBelgiansweregivenamoredifficulttestbeforethelanguagetaskwasthat__________.A.theywouldhavenotimetopreparefortheupcomingtask.B.theywouldbetootiredmentallytoconsciouslyanalyzetherulesC.theycouldhavesomethingtorefertointhefollowingtaskD.theymightcomparethedifficultylevelofthetwotasks28.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelUllman’sremark?A.Theresearchresultisnotsoliduntilgrammarisincluded.B.Subconsciousmindremainstobeexploredinscience.C.TheoutcomesofthetworesearchesbackeachotherupD.Moreevidenceisneededtobacktheclaimofthetwopapers.29.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswilltheresearchteamagreewith?A.Humanbrainprocesseslanguagesinmultipleways.B.Consciousanalysisisthekeytomasteringalanguage.C.Increasingmentalhealthimprovesone’slanguage.D.Reducingreasoningmayhelptolearnalanguage.【答案】27.B28.C29.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。儿童通常比成人更容易学习新语言，但原因尚不清楚。一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人优越的有意识推理能力是罪魁祸首。新的研究表明，事实上成年人可能只是太聪明了。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theresearchersassumethattiredlearnersusedlessconsciousanalysisonthewordrules:theywerefreetolearnlikeachild.( 研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习)”可知，一些比利时人在语言测试前要做一个难度更高的测试，原因是成年人在精神上太累了，无法有意识地分析规则，所以可以像孩子一样自由学习。故选B。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“NeuroscientistMichaelUllman,whowasnotinvolvedineitherpaper,likesthatboththestudiesaddedtomentalburdendifferentlyandmeasureddifferentskills.“That’sreallygoodinsciencebecauseyou’vegotevidencespointingtothesamedirection,”hesays,(没有参与这两篇论文的神经学家迈克尔·乌尔曼(MichaelUllman)认为，他喜欢这两项研究以不同的方式增加了精神负担，并测量了不同的技能。“这在科学上真的很好，因为你有证据指向同一个方向，”他说)”可知，根据MichaelUllman的评论，可以推断出这两项研究的结果相互支持。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sometheorizethatgraspingalanguagerequiresabsorbingsubtlepatternsunconsciouslyandthatadults’superiorconsciousreasoningistoblame.(一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人的超意识推理是罪魁祸首)”以及第三段中“Theresearchersassumethattiredlearnersusedlessconsciousanalysisonthewordrules:theywerefreetolearnlikeachild.(研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习)”可知，推理会导致人们对单词规则进行有意识地分析，不利于语言学习，即减少推理可能有助于学习一门语言。故选D。DCastingblameisnatural:itistemptingtofaultsomeoneelseforamistakeratherthantakingresponsibilityyourself.Butblameisalsoharmful.Itmakesitlesslikelythatpeoplewilladmitmistakes,andthuslesslikelythatorganizationscanlearnfromthem.Researchpublishedin2015suggeststhatfirmswhosemanagerspointedtoexternalfactorstoexplaintheirfailingsunderperformedcompaniesthatblamedthemselves.Blamecultureasks,“whodroppedtheball?”insteadof“wheredidoursystemsandprocessesfail?”Thefocusisontheindividuals,nottheprocesses.It’smucheasiertopointfingersatapersonordepartmentinsteadofdoingtheharder,butthemorebeneficial,exerciseoffixingtherootcause,sotheproblemdoesnothappenagain.TheNoBlameCulturewasintroducedtomakesureerrorsanddeficiencies(缺陷)werehighlightedbyemployeesasearlyaspossible.Itoriginatedinorganizationslike-hospitals,submarinesandairlines.Becauseerrorscanbesodisastrousintheseorganizations,it’sdangeroustooperateinanenvironmentwhereemployeesdon’tfeelabletoreporterrorsthathavebeenmadeorraiseconcernsthatdeficienciesmayturnintofutureerrors.TheNoBlameCulturemaximizesresponsibilitybecauseallcontributionstotheeventoccurringareidentifiedandreviewedforpossiblechangeandimprovement.TheNationalTransportationSafetyBoard(NTSB),whichsupervisesairtrafficacrosstheUnitedStates, makesitclearthatitsroleisnottoassignblameorlegalresponsibilitybuttofindoutwhatwentwrongandtoissuerecommendationstoavoidarepeat.Theproudrecordoftheairlineindustryinreducingaccidentspartlyreflectsno-blameprocessesforinvestigatingcrashesandclosecalls.Themotivetolearnfromerrorsalsoexistswhentherisksarelower.Thatiswhysoftwareengineersanddevelopersroutinelyinvestigatewhatwentwrongifawebsitecrashesoraservergoesdown.Thereisanobviousworryaboutembracingblamelessness.Whatifthewebsitekeepscrashingandthesamepersonisatfault?Sometimes,afterall,blameisdeserved.The“justculture”developedbyJamesReason,addressestheconcernthattheincompetentandthemalevolent(恶意的)willbeletoffthehook.ThelinethatBritain’saviationregulatordrawsbetweenhonesterrorsandtheothersortisagoodstarting-point.Itpromisesacultureinwhichpeople“arenotpunishedforactionsordecisionstakenbythemthatgowiththeirexperienceandtraining”.Thatnarrowsroomforblamebutdoesnotremoveitentirely.30.Accordingtotheresearchpublishedin2015,companiesthat__________hadbetterperformance.A.blamedexternalfactorsB.admittedmistakesC.conductedinvestigationsD.acceptedfailures31.Accordingtothepassage,theNoBlameCulture__________.A.encouragestheearlydisclosureoferrorsB.onlyexistsinhighreliabilityorganizationsC.enablespeopletoshifttheblameontoothersD.preventsorganizationsfromlearningfromerrors32.Whatisthemajorconcernaboutembracingblamelessnessaccordingtothepassage?A.Beingblamedformistakescandestroytrustinemployees.B.Thelinebetweenhonesterrorsandtheothersortisnotclear.C.Innocentpeoplemighttaketheblamebyadmittingtheirfailure.D.Peoplewon’tlearntheirlessonsiftheyaren’tblamedforfailures.33.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoAvoidDisastrousErrorsinOrganizationsB.WhyWeFailtoLearnfromOurOwnMistakesC.WhyWeShouldStoptheBlameGameatWorkD.HowtoDealwithWorkplaceBlameCulture【答案】30.B31.A32.D33.C【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了职场中“责怪文化”的弊端及引进“无过错文化”的好处及担忧。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchpublishedin2015suggeststhatfirmswhosemanagerspointedtoexternalfactorstoexplaintheirfailingsunderperformedcompaniesthatblamedthemselves.(2015年发表的一项研究表明，那些经理人把失败归咎于外部因素的公司，其表现不如那些把失败归咎于自己的公司。)”可知，进行自我责备、承认自己失误的公司有更好的业绩，故选B项。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheNoBlameCulturewasintroducedtomakesureerrorsanddeficiencies(缺陷)werehighlightedbyemployeesasearlyaspossible.(引入“无过错文化”是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。)”可知，引入“无过错文化”的目的是为了确保早发现错误，故选A项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thereisanobviousworryaboutembracingblamelessness.Whatifthewebsitekeepscrashingandthesamepersonisatfault?(人们显然对接受无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办?)”可知，对无可指责感到担忧是因为人们担心如果不把失败归咎于人们，他们就不会吸取教训，故选D项。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Butblameisalsoharmful.Itmakesitlesslikelythatpeoplewilladmitmistakes,andthuslesslikelythatorganizationscanlearnfromthem.(但是责备也是有害的，这使得人们不太可能承认错误，因此组织也不太可能从中吸取教训)”及第二段第一句“Blamecultureasks,“whodroppedtheball?”insteadof“wheredidoursystemsandprocessesfail?”Thefocusisontheindividuals,nottheprocesses.(责备文化问，“谁丢了球？”而不是“我们的系统和流程在哪里失败了？”重点是个人，而不是流程。)”以及第三段“TheNoBlameCulturewasintroducedtomakesureerrorsanddeficiencies(缺陷)werehighlightedbyemployeesasearlyaspossible.(引入“无过错文化”是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。)”可知文章前两段主要论述了职场中“责怪文化”的弊端，并结合下文对“无过错文化”好处的论述可知，文章主要分析了职场中应该停止“责怪文化”的原因，并引进“无过错文化”，C项“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责文化”适合做文章标题，故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoTurnYourGoalsintoHabits Firstwemakeourhabits,thenourhabitsmakeus.It’ssuchasimpleconcept,yetit’ssomethingwedon’talwaysdo.IbelievethathavingONEgoaltofocusonismuchmorepowerfulthanhavingmanygoals.Byputtingthebeliefintopractice,Ihaveachievedalotofpersonalgoalsovertime.____34____Myanswertakesalittleexplaining.Itrytoturnmygoalsintohabits,andindoingso,Iputmygoalsonautopilot.Turningagoalintoahabitmeansreallyfocusingonitforatleastamonth.Themoreyoucanfocus,themoreit’llbeonautopilot.____35____You’llstilldoit,butyouonlyhavetouseminimalforcetomaintainit,andyoucanfocusonyournextgoalorhabit.Takemymarathongoalasanexample.Iwasjuststartingrunningandhadthebrilliantideatorunamarathonwithinayear.Sothatwasmygoal.____36____First,Ihadtomakerunningadailyhabit.Second,Ihadtoreporttopeopleinordertohaveaccountability(负责)sothatIcouldnotquiteasily.Ifocusedonthedailyrunninghabitforaboutamonth,anddidn’thaveanyothergoalsorhabits.Whentherunninghabitstuck,IstartedreportingtopeopleIknewandbloggingaboutmyrunningeveryday._____37_____Icouldfocusonnewgoalswithouthavingtoworryaboutthemarathon.Istillhadtodotherunning,ofcourse,butitdidn’trequireconstantfocus._____38_____Iwasabletoachievethisbecause,allyearlong,Ihaddailyrunningandaccountabilityhabits.Iputmymarathongoalintoautopilot,soinsteadofstrugglingwithitdailyforanentireyear,Ifocusedonitforonemonthandwasabletoaccomplishitwhilefocusingonnewhabitsandgoals.A.Andeventually,Iranthefirstmarathoninmylife.B.Atthebeginning,itwasverydifficultformetoachievethisgoal.C.Butinordertoachieveit,Ibrokeitdownintotwohabits.D.Withthisaccountability,there’snowayIcouldstoprunning.E.Onceyouputitonautopilot,youdon’thavetofocusonitmuch.F.MyreadersaskedmehowIwasabletoachievethemwhileworkingondifferentprojects.G.Oncethosetwohabitswereestablished,mymarathongoalwasprettymuchonautopilot.【答案】34.F35.E36.C37.G38.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇选句填空。当我们把目标变成习惯的时候，很容易地就可以实现自己的目标。文章讲述了具体的做法。【34题详解】横线后句“Myanswertakesalittleexplaining.”中的动词“answer” 是关键词，由此可知横线句应该是一个问句，结合前句“Byputtingthebeliefintopractice,Ihaveachievedalotofpersonalgoalsovertime.”可知，人们对我取得如此多的成就的方法设问。F项：MyreadersaskedmehowIwasabletoachievethemwhileworkingondifferentprojects.(我的读者问我，在做不同的项目时，我是如何做到这些的)承上启下，故选F。【35题详解】根据本段第四句Itrytoturnmygoalsintohabits,andindoingso,Iputmygoalsonautopilot.可知，把目标变成习惯，就会自动地努力去实现自己的目标，这就变成了一种自然的行为，不要再过多关注。E项：Onceyouputitonautopilot,youdon’thavetofocusonitmuch.(一旦你把它变成自动行动的，你就不必太关注它了。)符合本段文意，故选E。【36题详解】根据横线后两句First,Ihadtomakerunningadailyhabit.Second,Ihadtoreporttopeopleinordertohaveaccountability(负责)sothatIcouldnotquiteasily.可知，作者首先把跑步变成日常的习惯，然后必须向人们汇报，这样作者就有了责任感，不会轻易放弃。C项：Butinordertoachieveit,Ibrokeitdownintotwohabits.(但为了达到这个目的，我把它分成了两个习惯。)也是讲述如何变成习惯，故选C。【37题详解】根据横线后句Icouldfocusonnewgoalswithouthavingtoworryaboutthemarathon.可知，作者关注新的目标，不再考虑之前的马拉松了，因为马拉松已经成为作者的习惯了。G项：Oncethosetwohabitswereestablished,mymarathongoalwasprettymuchonautopilot.(一旦这两个习惯建立起来，我的马拉松目标几乎是自动行动的。)符合文意，目标变成自动行动的，作者才不会关注了，故选G。【38题详解】根据横线后句Iwasabletoachievethisbecause,allyearlong,Ihaddailyrunningandaccountabilityhabits.可知，作者实现了这个目标是因为她每天都在跑，让跑马拉松成为了作者的习惯。那么实现这个目标就是很自然的事情了，A项：Andeventually,Iranthefirstmarathoninmylife.(我完成了第一个马拉松，实现了我的目标。)符合上下文文意，故选A。【点睛】本文小题3可以根据文章中的数字信息得出答案，在横线后两句中出现了first和second，说明要把一个大目标拆分成两个小目标。得出C项答案。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。第四部分：书面表达(共两节，26分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题;第57小题1分，第58小题2分，第59小题3分;第60小题5分，共11分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Fromthecheekysoundofawhoopeecushiontoaspring-loadedspiderrocketingfromaglass,pranks(恶作剧)areapopularwayofmakingfunofothersandgettingalaugh.Whilesomeexpertspointoutpotentialnegatives,prankingcanalsodecreasestress,raiseasmile,andstrengthenrelationships.It’slittlewonderthatbest-sellingchildren’sauthorMattStantonhasshapedhislatestbookaroundpranksforyoungjokesters.PartofhisFunnyKidbookseries,PrankAliens,isaboutaboynamedMaxwhoissearchingforthegreatestprankofalltime.Stantonsaidthatprankinginthehomecanbuildstrongrelationshipsbetweenparentsandkids.“Someofthebestrelationship-buildingmomentsIhavewithmyownkidsarewhenIenterintotheirspace,”Stantonsaid.“Anadultjoiningintheirgamescanbesurprisingforkidsandbringwonderfulmomentsofjoy.It’sagreatwaytodemonstratetoourkidsthatwecanlaughatourselvesandstillfeellovedandsecure,”headded.Butplayingtrickscancomewithunintendedconsequences,saidpsychiatristMarkCross.Pranksthatareintendedtoharmorembarrasscanangerthetargetandevenruinarelationship.However,Crossalsoadded“Prankingcanbegoodwhentheoutcomeislaughterforeveryone,includingtheprankedperson.Itcanbeagreatreleaseofstress.Whenyoulaugh,youbreathedeeper,whichhelpseaseanxiety.”Sowhynottrysomepranks?Wrappingvegetablesandshoesupaspresentsforkidsontheirbirthdaysalwaysgetsagreatreaction.Puttingplasticspidersinguests’drinksorplacingawhoopeecushiononanunsuspectingperson’schairissuretocauseabellylaugh.Allthesemightjustbegoodforyouandeveryoneinvolved.39.Whatarethebenefitsofpranking?40.Whencanpranksangerthetargetorevenruinarelationship?41.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Prankingisgoodwheneveryonelaughsattheprankedperson,sincelaughterreleasesstress.42.Inadditiontopranking,whatotherwayscanyouusetostrengthenrelationshipswithfamilymembers?(Inabout40words)【答案】39.Decreasingstress,raisingasmile,andstrengtheningrelationships. 40.Whentheyareintendedtoharmorembarrass.41.Prankingisgoodwheneveryonelaughsattheprankedperson,sincelaughterreleasesstress.Prankingisgoodwhentheoutcomeislaughterforeveryone,includingtheprankedperson,sincelaughterreleasesstress.42.Icankeepintouchwithmyfamilybycallingthemeveryday.Besides,travellingwithmyfamilyduringtheleisureholidayscangivemetheopportunitytocommunicatewiththem.Finally,Icancelebratewithmyfamilyonspecialoccasions,whichwillbeunforgettable.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虽然恶作剧有潜在的负面影响，但是恶作剧也可以减轻压力、带来微笑和增强人际关系。【39题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Whilesomeexpertspointoutpotentialnegatives,prankingcanalsodecreasestress,raiseasmile,andstrengthenrelationships.(虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，带来微笑，加强人际关系)”可知，恶作剧可以减轻压力，带来微笑，加强人际关系。故答案为Decreasingstress,raisingasmile,andstrengtheningrelationships.【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段“Pranksthatareintendedtoharmorembarrasscanangerthetargetandevenruinarelationship.(故意伤害或使对方尴尬的恶作剧会激怒对方，甚至毁掉一段感情)”可知，故意伤害别人或者使人尴尬的恶作剧会激怒对方甚至毁掉一段关系。故答案为Whentheyareintendedtoharmorembarrass.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段“Prankingcanbegoodwhentheoutcomeislaughterforeveryone,includingtheprankedperson.Itcanbeagreatreleaseofstress.Whenyoulaugh,youbreathedeeper,whichhelpseaseanxiety.(当结果是包括被恶作剧的人在内的所有人都会大笑时，恶作剧就是好的。它可以极大地释放压力。当你笑的时候，你会呼吸更深，这有助于缓解焦虑)”可知，当结果是包括被恶作剧的人在内的所有人都会大笑时，恶作剧是好的，因为笑可以缓解焦虑，所以句子中“wheneveryonelaughsattheprankedperson(当每个人都嘲笑恶作剧的人时)”是错误的。故答案为Prankingisgoodwheneveryonelaughsattheprankedperson,sincelaughterreleasesstress.Prankingisgoodwhentheoutcomeislaughterforeveryone,includingtheprankedperson,sincelaughterreleasesstress.【42题详解】开放性题目。我可以通过每天给家人打电话来保持联系。此外，在休闲假期与家人一起旅行可以让我有机会与他们交流。最后，我可以在特殊的场合和家人一起庆祝，这将是令人难忘的。故答案为Icankeepin touchwithmyfamilybycallingthemeveryday.Besides,travellingwithmyfamilyduringtheleisureholidayscangivemetheopportunitytocommunicatewiththem.Finally,Icancelebratewithmyfamilyonspecialoccasions,whichwillbeunforgettable.第二节书面表达(共1小题，共15分)43.假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim升入高中后，学业压力大，感到疲倦，你建议他通过体育锻炼来缓解压力。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一项运动并说明理由;2.提示该项运动需做的准备。注意：1.词数100词左右;2.开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’msorrytohearthatyou’rehavingsuchahardtimeatpresent.Asseniorhighschoolstudents,it’snormalforustofeelanxiousandwornoutonceinawhilebecauseweareundergreatpressurewithourstudies.Soyoudon’thavetoworrytoomuchaslongasyoucandealwithitinaproperway.Personally,Ithinkthebestwaytorelievestressisphysicalexerciseandswimmingisoneofthebestsports,whichcannotonlymakemefeelrelaxed,butalsostayhealthyandstrong,soIadviseyoutoswimregularly.Beforegoingtoswim,weshouldpayattentiontothreepoints.Thefirstistomakeyourbodyinabetterstate.Thesecondisthatdonoteattoomuch.Thelastisthatyouhadbetterswimwithsomefriends.Thesecanhelpyoustaysafeandenjoyyourself.Ihopeyoucangetbettersoon.Yours,LiHua【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，建议他通过体育锻炼来缓解因升入高中后，学业压力大而产生的疲倦与压力，推荐一项体育运动并说明理由，提示该项运动需做的准备。【详解】1.词汇积累：困难的：hard→difficult疲惫的：wornout→tired解决：dealwith→solve建议：advise→suggest安全的：safe→secure2.句式拓展：简单句变为复合句原句：Beforegoingtoswim,weshouldpayattentiontothreepoints.拓展句：Beforewegotoswim,weshouldpayattentiontothreepoints.【点睛】【高分句型1】Personally,Ithinkthebestwaytorelievestressisphysicalexerciseandswimmingisoneofthebestsports,whichcannotonlymakemefeelrelaxed,butalsostayhealthyandstrong,soIadviseyoutoswimregularly.（运用了以关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句和分别以连词and和so连接的并列句。）【高分句型2】Thelastisthatyouhadbetterswimwithsomefriends.（运用了以连接词that引导的表语从句。）