山西省阳泉市第一中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期11月期中试题（Word版附解析）

阳泉一中2022——2023学年第一学期期中考试年级高三学科英语说明：本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分。考试时间110分钟。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项ASummerjoboffersRedLemonshopAssistants(售货员)Wearelookingforshopassistantsforthesummer.Ifyouareasocialpersonandgoodatsalesmanship,wewantyoutojoinourteam.Goodconditions.Perfectforstudents.Phone0151-897-6643forinformationabouthowtoapply.CineramaCinemasWeneedpeopletoworkeveningsandattheweekend.Responsibilitiesincludecheckingticketsandsellingpopcornandsoftdrinks.Watchthelatestfilms...free!Joinouryoungandfriendlyteam!Phone0161-754-6022formoreinformationaboutwages(工资)andconditions.USAuPairsEverwantedtovisitCalifornia?Areyoupatient,caringandgoodwithkids?WorkasanaupairinLosAngelesthissummer.Freefoodandaccommodation(食宿).Phone0121-077,2001forinformationabouthowtogetapplicationforms(申请表).AreYouMadAboutSport?Wouldyouliketospendallsummerteachingsporttopeoplefromaroundtheworld?ThencomeandworkatourinternationalsportscampSportsStarCamp!Phone0191-121-5533forinformationabouthowtogetandwheretosendapplicationforms,etc.1.Whichnumbercanyoucallifyouwanttogetajobthatprovidesfreefilms?A.0151-897-6643.B.0161-754-6022.C.0121-077-2001.D.0191-121-5533.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutajobasaUSaupair?A.Itisahigh-paidjob.B.Itisperfectforkids.C.Itoffersjob-relatedtraining.D.Itrequiressomebodywithpatience. 3.WhowouldbemostinterestedinworkingforSportsStarCamp?A.Jill,whodreamsofbeingasportsstar.B.Jack,whowantstobecomeasportscoach.C.Joe,whoexpectstotravelaroundtheworld.D.Jim,wholovestotakepartinsportscompetitions.【答案】1.B2.D3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文广告。广告介绍了四份暑假工作。【1题详解】细节理解题。由CineramaCinemas第一段第三句“Watchthelatestfilms...free!”（看最新的电影…免费的!）和第二段段第一句“Phone0161-754-6022formoreinformationaboutwages(工资)andconditions.”（拨打电话0161-754-6022咨询关于工资的更多信息和条件）可知，如果你想得到一个免费看电影的工作就拨打电话0161-754-6022。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。由USAuPairs第一段第二三句“Areyoupatient,caringandgoodwithkids?WorkasanaupairinLosAngelesthissummer..”（你有耐心，有爱心，和孩子相处得好吗?今年夏天在洛杉矶做互惠生。）可知，互惠生工作需要有耐心的人，故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由AreYouMadAboutSport?第一段中第一二句“Wouldyouliketospendallsummerteachingsporttopeoplefromaroundtheworld?ThencomeandworkatourinternationalsportscampSportsStarCamp!”（你愿意花整个夏天向世界各地的人教授体育吗?那就来我们的国际运动训练营工作吧!）可知，想成为体育教练的Jack.对在体育明星训练营工作最感兴趣。故选B。BJimfoundhimselfexhaustedduringatrip.Whenhecamehome,hewenttoseeadoctor.“ThereasonIwastired,”Jimsays,“wasthatmykidneys(肾脏)weregone.”Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threedaysaweek.Apersonofhisageondialysisusuallylivesonlyaboutfouryears.Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.Jim’swife,nephewandfourfamilyfriendsofferedbutweren’tamatch.JimwassodiscouragedthathewasevenconsideringnotattendingareunionofsomeAirForcebuddies(铁哥们).Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenin50years:DougCoffman.Thetwohadmet whentheybothwerelearningVietnamesebeforetheywentoverseas.Doug,then70,feltastrongbondwithhisbandofbrothers,eventhoughhehadn’tseensomeofthemindecades.Theirconnectionwentbeyondthebattlefieldinwaysmostsoldiersneverexperience.Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwasatimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim.Fortunately,seriesoftestingrevealednotonlythatDoug’stissuetypematchedJim’sbutalsothathehadthekidneysofa35-year-old.Thetransplantwasasuccess.“It’sprettymiraculoustobeabletotakeanorganoutofoneperson’sbody—alivingorgan—putitinanotherperson’sbody,andhaveitwork,”Dougsays.“Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”4FromthistextweknowthatKidneytransplantis________.A.ExpensiveB.dangerousC.amatterofluckD.anunwisechoice5.HowoldwasJimwhenhewentoverseas?A.About17.B.About19.C.About22.D.About25.6.WhatcanweinferfromDoug’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.DougishappytodonateakidneytoJim.B.JimishavingabetterlifethanDoug.C.Thekidneytransplantisverysuccessful.D.Modernmedicalscienceisveryadvanced.7.Whatisthethemeofthistext?A.Goodluck.B.Anoperation.C.Payingitforward.D.Goodrelationship.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jim多年不见的老朋友Doug为其捐肾的感人故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的第三句“Transplantsarelong-shotalternative.(移植是一个希望渺茫的选择。)”以及最后一句“TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.(美国国家肾脏基金会估计，每天有13人在等待合适的血液和组织类型的捐赠者时死亡。)”可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案。美国肾脏基金会估计每天都有13人在等待一个有合适的血型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去。由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气。结合选项可知，选项C正确。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)three timesaweek.(现年69岁的Jim曾是一名空军飞行员，他立即开始每周透析三次。)”和第三段中“Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenfornearly50years:DougCoffman.(但他的妻子鼓励他与老朋友团聚，其中有一位他已近50年未见的朋友:道格·科夫曼(DougCoffman)。)”可知，Jim，69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓励他去和他的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他几乎59年没见的人：DougCoffman。由此可知，Jim出国参战的时候是69-50=19岁，他当时大约19岁。结合选项可知，选项B正确。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句““Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”(“没有什么比知道我帮助了另一个人过上更好的生活更美好的了。”)”可知，能为Jim捐肾，Doug感到很高兴。故选项A正确。【7题详解】推理判断题。由第五段中的第一句“Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwastimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim(Doug在遇到困难的时候得到了朋友们的帮助，所以他觉得是时候把肾捐给Jim了)”可知，Doug曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以他觉得这是他通过捐肾给Jim把爱传递。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去。结合选项可知，选项C正确。CTherehavebeenmanystudiesthatshowbeinginnatureisgoodforyourhealth.Walkinginthewoodsisgoodforyourwell-being.Livingneartreescanhelpyoulivelonger.Butwhenyougoforawalkinthewoods,whatisitparticularlyaboutbeinginnatureorbeingoutdoorsthatmakesyoufeelgood?Isitthesightsorsmellsorsounds?Anewstudyfindsitmighthavesomethingtodowiththebirdsyouhearwhileyouhaveawalk.ResearchersfromCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversityanalyzedhowmuchthenaturalsoundspeoplehearwhenthey’reoutdoorsinfluencewell-being.Theyfoundthatthe“chorus(合唱)”ofbirdssingingincreasedwell-beinginprotectednaturalareas.Forthestudy,researchersplaced10hidden,evenlyspacedspeakers(扬声器)ontwopartsoftrails(小路)intheBoulderOpenSpaceandMountainParksinColorado.Theyplayedrecordedsongsfrom11kindsofbirds.Theresearcherstaketurnstoplaythebirdsongforafewhoursadayforaweek,andthenturnedoffthespeakersforaweekatatime.Theyinterviewedhikersaftertheypassedthroughtheareaswiththespeakers.“Themainresultisthathikersthatheardthebirdsongrespondedtoquestionsthatshowedahigherlevelofwell-beingcomparedtothosethatdidnothearthebirdsong,”BiologyProfessorClintonFrancis,wholedtheresearch,says. Hikerswhoheardmorebirdsongonthefirstpartofthetrailsaidtheyfeltbetter.Thosewhoheardmorebirdsongonthesecondpartreportedthattheythoughtmorebirdslivedalongthatpartofthetrail.Thisfeelingofmorebirdshelpsmakethehikersfeelbetter.“Withthechorus,wewereabletoshowthatnaturalsoundshaveacleareffectonthequalityofhikers’experiences,”saysFrancis.8.What’sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?A.Tobringinthetopicofthetext.B.Toadvisepeopletowalkinnature.C.Tocallonpeopletocareaboutnature.D.Toraisedoubtabouttheresearchdonebefore.9.Whywerethespeakersplacedalongthetrails?A.Tobroadcastchoruslive.B.Toremindhikersoftheirhealth.C.Toimprovepeople’swell-being.D.Toplaysoundsofdifferentbirds.10.Whatwasthefinalstepoftheresearch?A.Recording.B.Comparing.C.Photographing.D.Interviewing.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Beinginnatureisgoodforpeople’sheath.B.Walkinginforestshelppeoplelivelonger.C.Hearingbirdsongsisgoodforpeople’shealth.D.Raisingbirdsimprovespeople’slivingquality.【答案】8A9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，鸟鸣声对在树林里散步的人的健康有非常重要的作用。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Walkinginthewoodsisgoodforyourwell-being.Livingneartreescanhelpyoulivelonger.Butwhenyougoforawalkinthewoods,whatisitparticularlyaboutbeinginnatureorbeingoutdoorsthatmakesyoufeelgood?Isitthesightsorsmellsorsounds?”（在树林里散步对你的健康有好处。住在树林附近可以帮助你活得更久。但是当你在树林里散步的时候，在大自然中或者户外有什么特别让你感觉良好的呢？是视觉，气味，还是声音？）本段最后一句“Anewstudyfindsitmighthavesomethingtodowiththebirdsyouhearwhileyouhaveawalk.”（一项新的研究发现，这可能与你散步时听到的鸟叫声有关。）可知，在森林里散步有益健康，而下文介绍的是在散步时听到的鸟鸣声对人的健康有好处，所以这些问题是为了引出本文的话题。故选A。【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Theyplayedrecordedsongsfrom11kindsofbirds.”（他们播放11种录制的鸟类的歌声。）。可知，研究人员沿路摆放的扬声器是用来播放各种鸟叫声的。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Forthestudy,researchersplaced10hidden,evenlyspacedspeakers(扬声器)ontwopartsoftrails(小路)intheBoulderOpenSpaceandMountainParksinColorado.Theyplayedrecordedsongsfrom11kindsofbirds.Theresearcherstaketurnstoplaythebirdsongforafewhoursadayforaweek,andthenturnedoffthespeakersforaweekatatime.Theyinterviewedhikersaftertheypassedthroughtheareaswiththespeakers.”（在这项研究中，研究人员在科罗拉多州博尔德开放空间和山区公园的两条小径上安置了10个隐藏的、间隔均匀的扬声器。他们播放了来自11种鸟类的录音歌曲。研究人员轮流每天播放几个小时的鸟鸣，持续一周，然后每次关掉扬声器一周。他们在徒步旅行者经过有扬声器地区后采访了他们。）倒数第二段中“Themainresultisthathikersthatheardthebirdsongrespondedtoquestionsthatshowedahigherlevelofwell-beingcomparedtothosethatdidnothearthebirdsong”（主要结果是，听到鸟鸣的远足者回答的问题显示，与没有听到鸟鸣的人相比，他们的幸福水平更高）最后一段“Hikerswhoheardmorebirdsongonthefirstpartofthetrailsaidtheyfeltbetter.Thosewhoheardmorebirdsongonthesecondpartreportedthattheythoughtmorebirdslivedalongthatpartofthetrail.”（在第一段路上听到更多鸟鸣声的徒步旅行者说他们感觉好多了。那些在第二段听到更多鸟鸣声的人报告说，他们认为更多的鸟生活在那段小径上。）可知，研究人员先采访散步的人们，然后将他们散步时有鸟鸣播放的感受与无鸟鸣播放感受进行对比，最后得出结论。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段前两句“Therehavebeenmanystudiesthatshowbeinginnatureisgoodforyourhealth.Walkinginthewoodsisgoodforyourwell-being.Livingneartreescanhelpyoulivelonger.”（许多研究表明，身处大自然有益于你的健康。在树林里散步对你的健康有好处。住在森林附近可以帮助你活得更久。）讲述了之前的研究发现，身处大自然有益于你的健康。最后一句“Anewstudyfindsitmighthavesomethingtodowiththebirdsyouhearwhileyouhaveawalk.”（一项新的研究发现，这可能与你散步时听到的鸟叫声有关。）可知，本文要介绍的是一项新的研究结果。即听到的鸟鸣声对在树林里散步的人的健康很有益处。故选C。DAteamofresearchershasfoundhowtousemathtostudypaintingstolearnmoreabouthowtheartdevelopedinthewesternworld.IntheirpaperpublishedinProceedingoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,thegroupdescribeshowtheyscannedthousandsofpaintingsandthenusedmathematicalalgorithms(算法)tofindcommonalitiesbetweenthemovertime. Beauty,asthesayinggoes,isintheeyeofthebeholder—andsoitisalsowithart.Twopeoplelookingatthesamepaintingcanwalkawaywithvastlydifferentimpressions.Thestudyofarthistorycanserveasachannel—castinglightonsocietaltrendsovertime.There-searchersfurthernotethattodate,moststudiesofarthistoryhavebeenqualitatively(定性地)based,whichhasledtotheresultswithprejudice,Toovercomeit,theresearcherswiththisneweffortlooktomathtoseeifitmightbeusefulinuncoveringfeaturesofpaintingsthathavebeenoverlookedbyhumanscholars.Theworkinvolveddigitallyscanning14,912paintings—allofwhich(exceptfortwo)werepaintedbyWesternartists.Thedataforeachofthepaintingswasthensentthroughamathematicalalgorithmthatdrewpartitionsonthedigitalimagesbasedoncontrastingcolors.Theresearchersranthealgorithmoneachpaintingmultipletimes,eachtimecreatingmoresectionstostudy.Forexample,thefirstrunofthealgorithmmighthavesimplycreatedtwosectionsonapainting—everythingonlandandeverythinginthesky.Thesecondmighthavesplitthelandintobuildingsinonesectionandfarmlandinanother.Theresearchersthenranotheralgorithmsdesignedtolookforpatternsbetweenthepaintings.Doingsoallowedthemtoseetrendslikepaintingstylesthatpredominatedduringcertainerasandlong-termtrends,suchastheplacementofthehorizon(地平线).Theresearchersfoundthatoverthepastseveralhundredyears,paintershavebeenplacingitincreasinglyhigher.Inthe17thcentury,theseparationbetweenEarthandskydominatedlandscapes—thosedoneinmoremoderntimes,insharpcontrast,havethehorizonverynearthetopofthepainting.12.Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearchers?A.Awaytoresearchpaintings.B.Thedevelopmentofwesternart.C.Thesimilaritiesbetweenartandmath.D.Ascientificpaperonpaintingandmath.13.Whatdidtheresearchersexpecttodowithmath?A.Deepentheimpressionofpaintings.B.Uncoverthefeaturesofhumanscholars.C.Makeamoreobjectivestudyofpaintings.D.Interprettheresultsofpaintingqualitatively.14.Howwerethealgorithmscarriedout?A.Byobservingbuildingsandfarmland.B.Bylinkinglandpaintingswithskypaintings.C.Byanalyzingthevariouspartsofthepaintings.D.Byclassifyingthedifferentcolorsofthepaintings.15.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelocationofthehorizoninthepainting?A.Ithasvariedovertime.B.Itisalwaysverynearthetop.C.Itwasonlyplacedatthebottominthe17thcentury. D.Ithasnotchangedoverthepastseveralhundredyears.【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解了一组研究人员发现了如何使用数学来研究绘画，即扫描数千幅画作，然后使用数学算法随着时间的推移找到它们之间的共同点，以更多地了解艺术在西方世界是如何发展的。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ateamofresearchershasfoundhowtousemathtostudypaintingstolearnmoreabouthowtheartdevelopedinthewesternworld.”(一组研究人员发现了如何使用数学来研究绘画，以更多地了解艺术在西方世界是如何发展的。)可知，研究人员发现了使用数学来研究绘画的方式，故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There-searchersfurthernotethattodate,moststudiesofarthistoryhavebeenqualitatively(定性地)based,whichhasledtotheresultswithprejudice,Toovercomeit,theresearcherswiththisneweffortlooktomathtoseeifitmightbeusefulinuncoveringfeaturesofpaintingsthathavebeenoverlookedbyhumanscholars.”(研究人员进一步指出，迄今为止，大多数艺术史研究都是以定性为基础的，这导致了带有偏见的结果，为了克服它，研究人员以这种新的努力着眼于数学，看看它是否可能有助于揭示被人类学者忽视的绘画特征。)可知，以前的研究是定性研究，带来了很多偏见，而此次的研究人员想要克服偏见，即就是变得更客观。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thedataforeachofthepaintingswasthensentthroughamathematicalalgorithmthatdrewpartitionsonthedigitalimagesbasedoncontrastingcolors.Theresearchersranthealgorithmoneachpaintingmultipletimes,eachtimecreatingmoresectionstostudy.”(然后通过数学算法发送每幅画的数据，该算法根据对比色在数字图像上绘制分区。研究人员在每幅画上多次运行该算法，每次都会创建更多的部分进行研究。)可知，该算法是对于画作进行分区研究。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theresearchersfoundthatoverthepastseveralhundredyears,paintershavebeenplacingitincreasinglyhigher.Inthe17thcentury,theseparationbetweenEarthandskydominatedlandscapes—thosedoneinmoremoderntimes,insharpcontrast,havethehorizonverynearthetopofthepainting.”(研究人员发现，在过去的几百年里，画家们一直把它放得越来越高。在17世纪，地球和天空之间的分离主导了风景——那些在更现代的时期完成的风景形成鲜明对比，地平线非常靠近画作的顶部。)可知，在不同时 期，地平线的位置会有所不同，所以可以推测地平线的位置会随着时间的推移发生变化，故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Identitytheftisattractingincreasingattentionfromthepublic.___16___Whenyouridentityisstolen,thethiefoftendoesfraudwiththat.Hemaygetacreditcardinyournameandspenditcarelesslywithoutpayingthebills.Hemaygetadriver’slicenseinyourname,andyouwillbeheldresponsibleforthetrafficaccidentshecauses.Whyisidentitytheftbecomingsocommon?___17___AndthewealthofpersonaldetailspeoplepostonsocialnetworkssuchasFacebookalsomakesiteasierforidentitythievestoobtainpersonalinformationManypeoplearenotawareoftheproblemscausedbythecrime.___18______19___ThisiswhyitisofimportancethateverypersonshouldbecomecautiouswhenusingtheInternet.Thefollowingtipsmaypreventyoufromidentitytheft.First,makesureyourcomputerhasanupdatedanti-virusandfirewallsysteminstalled.Second,___20___Yourdateofbirth,namesofschoolsattended,phonenumberorthenamesofyourparentsareoftenrequiredtoverifyanidentity,andthievescanusethisinformation,too.Lastbutnotleast,createcomplexpasswordsusingacombinationofnumbersandkeyboardsymbols,andchangeyourpasswordsonaregularbasis.A.AgatewayisofferedfortheidentitytheftbythepopularityoftheInternetandcomputers.B.Giveawayyourpersonalinformationonsocialnetworkingsiteswiththeutmostcaution.C.Thereisonesolutiontosolvetheproblem.D.Thisisacrimeinwhichyourpersonalinformationisstolenbysomeoneandisusedinanillegalway.E.Theywakeupfromtheircarefreeattitudeonlywhentheybecomeavictimandsufferthedamagescausedbythecrime.F.Thereisnocureforidentitytheftexceptprevention.G.Theymayborrowmoneyfromthebankinyourname.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.F20.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了盗用身份这一犯罪行为变得普遍的原因，并就如何预防给出了建议。【16题详解】上文提到一种新型犯罪行为：“Identitytheft(盗用身份)”，D项“Thisisacrimeinwhichyourpersonalinformationisstolenbysomeoneandisusedinanillegalway.(这是一种窃取并非法使用你的个人信息的犯罪 行为，)”是这种新型犯罪行为的定义，且句中指示代词This指代上文“Identitytheft”。故选D项。【17题详解】上文提出问题“Whyisidentitytheftbecomingsocommon?(为什么盗用身份变得如此普遍?)”，A项“AgatewayisofferedfortheidentitytheftbythepopularityoftheInternetandcomputers.(互联网和计算机的普及为身份盗窃提供了一种途径)”给出问题答案。故选A项。【18题详解】上文“Manypeoplearenotawareoftheproblemscausedbythecrime.(许多人没有意识到盗用身份造成的问题)”说明人们并未意识到盗用身份带来的危害，E项“Theywakeupfromtheircarefreeattitudeonlywhentheybecomeavictimandsufferthedamagescausedbythecrime.(只有当他们成为受害者并遭受犯罪所造成的损害时，他们才会从无忧无虑的态度中觉醒)”讲只有成为受害者后才会意识到问题的严重性，与上文语意相关，且句中“wakeup”与上文“notawareof”形成对比。故选E项。【19题详解】根据下文“ThisiswhyitisofimportancethateverypersonshouldbecomecautiouswhenusingtheInternet.Thefollowingtipsmaypreventyoufromidentitytheft.(这就是每个人在使用互联网时都应该谨慎的原因。以下建议可能会防止你的身份被盗窃)”可知，本段讲使用互联网应谨慎，要防止你的身份被盗用，F项“Thereisnocureforidentitytheftexceptprevention.(预防是阻止身份盗用犯罪的唯一办法)”讲阻止身份盗用犯罪的唯一办法是“预防”，是下文“everypersonshouldbecomecautiouswhenusingtheInternet”的原因，并引出关于“preventyoufromidentitytheft”的建议。故选F项。【20题详解】根据下文“Yourdateofbirth,namesofschoolsattended,phonenumberorthenamesofyourparentsareoftenrequiredtoverifyanidentity,andthievescanusethisinformation,too.(你的出生日期、就读学校的名字、电话号码或你父母的名字经常被要求用来验证身份，身份盗用罪犯也可以使用这些信息)”可知，犯罪份子会盗用个人信息，所以作者的第二建议应该是不要泄露你的个人信息，B项“Giveawayyourpersonalinformationonsocialnetworkingsiteswiththeutmostcaution.(在社交网站上泄露你的个人信息时要格外小心)”符合语境。故选B项。第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分55分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Iconsidermyselfsomethingofanexpertonapologies.Aquicktemperhas___21___mewithplentyofopportunitiestomakethem.Inoneofmyearliest___22___,mymotheristellingme,“Don’twatchthe___23___whenyousay‘I’msorry’.Holdyourheadupandlookthepersoninthe___24___,sohe’llknowyou___25___it.”Mymotherthusmadethekeypointofa(n)___26___apology:itmustbedirect.Youmustnever___27___tobedoingsomethingelse.Youdonot___28___apileofletterswhileapologizingtoaperson___29___inpositionafterblaming(责备)himorherforamistakethatturnedouttobeyour____30____Youdonotapologizetoahostess(女主人),whoseguestofhonoryoutreat____31____,bysendingflowersthenextdaywithoutmentioningyourbad____32____Oneoftheimportantthingsyoushoulddoforan____33____apologyisreadinessto____34____theresponsibility(责任)forourcarelessmistakes.Weareusedtomakingexcuses,whichleavesno____35____fortheotherpersonto____36____us.Sincemostpeopleareopen-hearted,theno-excuseapologyleavesbothpartiesfeeling____37____aboutthemselves.That,afterall,isthe____38____ofeveryapology.It____39____littlewhethertheapologizeriswhollyoronlypartlyatfault:answeringfor(对……负责)one’s____40____encouragesotherstotaketheirshareoftheblame.21.A.providedB.mixedC.comparedD.treated22.A.dreamsB.coursesC.memoriesD.ideas23.A.sideB.groundC.wallD.bottom24.A.mindB.soulC.faceD.eye25.A.imagineB.enjoyC.meanD.regret26.A.usefulB.successfulC.equalD.basic27.A.pretendB.forgetC.refuseD.expect28.A.holdonB.putawayC.lookthroughD.pickup29.A.poorerB.weakerC.worseD.lower30.A.faultB.reasonC.resultD.duty31.A.cruellyB.freelyC.roughlyD.foolishly32.A.mannersB.excusesC.effortsD.roles33.A.activeB.effectiveC.extraD.easy34.A.raiseB.performC.admitD.bear35.A.situationB.needC.signD.room36.A.adviseB.forgiveC.warnD.blame 37.A.wiserB.warmerC.betterD.cleverer38.A.purposeB.methodC.endD.advantage39.A.caresB.mattersC.dependsD.remains40.A.factsB.statesC.rightsD.actions【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.C26.B27.A28.C29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D36.B37.C38.A39.B40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文讲述的是在人与人交往指的道歉的重要性，以及在道歉的时候我们要注意的一些事项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的急脾气给了我很多机会去做这些事。A.provided提供；B.mixed混合；C.compared比较；D.treated对待。根据“Aquicktemper”可知，坏脾气给作者提供了很多道歉的机会。provide…with意为“向……提供……”。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我最早的记忆中，我的母亲告诉我，“当你说‘对不起’时，不要看着地面。”A.dreams梦想；B.courses课程；C.memories记忆；D.ideas想法。根据“Inoneofmyearliest”可知，紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内容。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.side旁边；B.ground地面；C.wall墙；D.bottom底部。根据“Holdyourheadup”可知，与后面提到的“要抬起头”正好相反，此处让作者不要看着地面。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：抬起头，看着对方的眼睛，这样他就会知道你是认真的。A.mind想法；B.soul精神；C.face脸；D.eye眼。道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，这一点在中西方文化是相同的。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.imagine想象；B.enjoy喜欢；C.mean意味着；D.regret后悔。meanit意为“这样对方就会明白你有道歉的意思”。it在这里指道歉的行为。故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，我母亲指出了一个成功道歉的关键：道歉必须是直接的。A.useful有用的；B.successful成功的；C.equal相等的；D.basic基础的。冒号后的内容即为“成功的”道歉的一些基本特征。故选B项。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你千万不要假装在做别的事。A.pretend假装；B.forget忘记；C.refuse拒绝；D.expect期望。根据“itmustbedirect.”可知，道歉必须是直接的，不能装模做样。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你因为一个错误责怪一个职位比你低的人，结果证明是你的错时，你不会翻阅一叠信件向他道歉。A.holdon坚持；B.putaway把……收起来；C.lookthrough浏览；D.pickup拾起。根据“afterblaming(责备)himorherforamistake”可知，再错怪别人之后，道歉时不要浏览信件。故选C项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.poorer更贫穷的；B.weaker更虚弱的；C.worse更坏的；D.lower更低的。在责备错你的下属时，其实是你的错，向他们道歉不要浏览信件。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.fault错误；B.reason原因；C.result结果；D.duty责任。根据“turnedouttobe”可知，证明原来是自己的错。故选A项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你不会向女主人道歉，因为你粗暴地对待她的贵客，第二天送花却不提你的不礼貌。A.cruelly残忍地；B.freely自由地；C.roughly坚硬地；D.foolishly愚蠢地。roughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.manners礼貌；B.excuses借口；C.efforts努力；D.roles角色。badmanners意为不礼貌的行为，从treatroughly这一信息不难推测出这一答案。故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想进行有效的道歉，最重要的事情之一就是准备好为我们粗心的错误承担责任。A.active积极的；B.effective有效的；C.extra额外的；D.easy容易的。effective与successful有异曲同工之妙，故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.raise举起；B.perform表演；C.admit承认；D.bear承受。beartheresponsibility（承担责任），故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们习惯了找借口，让别人没有原谅我们的余地。A.situation情况；B.need需要；C.sign手势；D.room房间，空间。leavenoroom不留余地，故选D项。 【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.advise建议；B.forgive原谅；C.warn警告；D.blame责备。经常找借口，那么也就会不留余地让别人来“原谅”自己。故选B项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为大多数人都是敞开心扉的，没有借口的道歉会让双方感觉更好A.wiser更明智的；B.warmer温暖的；C.better更好的；D.cleverer更聪明的。better表示“心情更舒畅”。未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一定很好，故选C项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，这是每一次道歉的目的。A.purpose目的；B.method方法；C.end结束；D.advantage优点。道歉的最终“目的”是化干戈为玉帛，大家和好如初，所以用purpose。end表示“目的”时用复数较多，而且不及purpose直接。故选A项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论道歉者的过错是全部还是部分，这都无关紧要：为某人的行为负责会鼓励其他人承担他们的责任。A.cares关心；B.matters重要；C.depends依靠；D.remains保留。道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。故选B顶。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.facts事实；B.states状况；C.rights权利；D.actions行动。根据语境逻辑应该是对自己的“行动”负责。answerfor在此意为“对……负责”，故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)语法填空RedisusedinmanyAmericanexpressions.Itcanbeusedtoshow____41____(happy),asintheexpression“ared-letterday”.Thisisaday____42____somethingspecialhappens.Theexpressionisprobablybased____43____churchcustoms.Foralmostsixhundredyears,churchcalendars___44___(mark)withredtoindicatespecialholydays.Today’scalendarsarestillmarkedthatwaywiththedateofholidaysandspecialdays____45____(print)inred.Theexpression“ared-letterday”isoftenheardineverydaylife.Ared-letterdayisadaythatpeoplearefeelingquitehappy.Itmaybeadaythatyou’velongwaitedfor,aweddingday,forexample.Oritmaybeadaywith____46____surprise.Youmighttellyourfriendthatyesterdaywasared-letterday,becauseyouwonsomemoneyinthelottery.“Rollingouttheredcarpet”isanother___47___(common)heardexpression,which___48___(represent)awarmwelcomeofanykind.Acitymay“rollouttheredcarpet”for____49____(it)baseballteamwhentheteamarriveshomeafterwinningthechampionship.Redisalsousedinsomeexpressionsthatarenot happy.“Red-handed”isone.Tobecaughtred-handedistobecaught____50____(perform)awrongact.【答案】41.happiness42.when43.on44.havebeenmarked45.printed46.a47.commonly48.represents49.its50.performing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章举例讲述了单词red在很多美国习语中的使用。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：它可以用来表示幸福，比如“一个值得纪念的日子”。空格处用名词作宾语，happy的名词是happiness，是不可数名词，意为“幸福”，故填happiness。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这一天会有特别的事情发生。空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词day是时间，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：这种表达可能是基于教会习俗。bebasedon是固定短语，意为“基于”，因此空格处是介词on，故填on。【44题详解】考查动词语态和。句意：近六百年来，教会日历一直用红色标记来表示特殊的圣日。空格处是谓语，日历被标记，由Foralmostsixhundredyears可知，时态是现在完成时，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，主语calendars是复数，因此空格处是havebeenmarked，故填havebeenmarked。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天的日历仍然是这样标记的，节日和特殊日子的日期用红色印刷。此处是with复合结构，date和print之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，故填printed。【46题详解】考查冠词。句意：也可能是有惊喜的一天。surprise表示“惊喜”，是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，surprise是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。【47题详解】考查副词。句意：“Rollingouttheredcarpet”是另一个经常听到的表达，表示任何形式的热烈欢迎。空格 处用副词修饰动词heard，common的副词是commonly，意为“通常”。故填commonly。【48题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“Rollingouttheredcarpet”是另一个经常听到的表达，表示任何形式的热烈欢迎。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代的先行词expression是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填represents。【49题详解】考查物主代词。句意：当棒球队赢得冠军后回到家乡时，一个城市可能会“铺上红地毯”欢迎他们。it和baseballteam是所属关系，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词its修饰baseballteam，故填its。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Tobecaughtred-handed是指在做错事时被抓住。becaughtdoing意为“被抓到做某事”，因此空格处是performing。故填performing。第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。NowadaysSenior3studentsaregenerallyfacedwithalotofpressure,thatisrathercommon.Toreduceit,thefollowingsuggestionmayhelp.Firstofall,knowexactlywhatleadtoyourpressure,andthenyoucantakemeasurestodealwithit.Secondly,setagoalthatisnottoohigh.Intheotherwords,don’tputtoomanypressureonyourself.Thirdly,findawaytorelaxyourselfoccasionally.Forexample,youcanlistenmusic,goswimmingorjustsimplegowalking.Eventually,makefriendswithothers,suchasyourclassmates,yourteachersandourparents.Theywillunderstandyouandcometoyourhelpwhenyouwerereallyintrouble.Inaword,nevergetyourselfstickinginthepressure,for“impossibleisnothing”.【答案】①that→which ②suggestion→suggestions ③lead→leads ④去掉the ⑤many→much ⑥listen后添加to ⑦simple→simply⑧our→your ⑨were→are⑩sticking→stuck【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章提出了有助于高三学生减少压力的几点建议。【详解】1.考查定语从句。句意：现在高三学生普遍面临着很大的压力，这是相当普遍的。分析句子，句中使用which引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代上文整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故将that改为which。2.考查名词的数。句意：为了减少压力，下面的建议可能会有所帮助。分析句子，设空处使用名词suggestion作主语，根据下文的介绍可知此处表示复数意义，故将suggestion改为suggestions。3.考查主谓一致。句意：首先，确切地知道是什么导致了你的压力，然后你可以采取措施来处理它。分析句子，宾语从句中what作主语，谓语动词用单数，故将lead改为leads。4.考查冠词。句意：换句话说，不要给自己太多压力。句中inotherwords为固定短语。故将the删除。5.考查形容词。句意：同上。句中pressure为不可数名词，故应该使用much来修饰。故将many改为much。6.考查介词。句意：例如，你可以听音乐，去游泳或只是简单地散步。句中listento为固定短语。故在listening后添加to。7.考查副词。句意：同上。句中使用simple的副词形式修饰gowalking作状语，意为“简单地，只是”。故将simple改为simply。8.考查代词。句意：最后，和别人交朋友，比如你的同学、老师和父母。根据句意，此处表示“你的同学、你的老师和你的父母”，故将our改为your。9.考查动词。句意：他们会理解你，在你真正遇到困难的时候帮助你。分析句子，when引导的时间状语从句表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故将were改为are。10.考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，永远不要让自己陷入压力中，因为“不可能是什么”。句中getstuckin为固定短语，意为“陷入……”，此处使用过去分词表被动。故将sticking改为stuck。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.假定你是李华，你喜爱的GlobalMirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容包括：1.说明你是该报的忠实读者；2.说明该报的优点；3.提出建议并祝福。注意：1.词数80左右，开头语已为你写好；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearEditor-in-chief,Congratulationsonthe5thanniversaryofGlobalMirror! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearEditor-in-chief,Congratulationsonthe5thanniversaryofGlobalMirror!I’maregularreaderofyournewspaper.IlikeitsomuchthatIhardlymissanycopy.TherearemanyadvantagesofGlobalMirror.Firstlyitcoversbothnationalandinternationalnews.Bysimplyturningthepages,Icanknowallimportanteventsthathavehappenedbothhomeandabroad.Besides,thesuccessstoriesofworld-famouspeoplearealsoattractivetome,fromwhomIcanlearnalot.Asasenior3student,IplantomajorinEnglishinuniversity.Therefore,IsuggestthatitprovidetipsonEnglishlearning.Finally,IhopeGlobalMirrorwillbecomemoreandmorepopular.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给GlobalMirror周报的主编写信，给出建议和祝福等。【详解】1.词汇积累包含：cover→contain重要的：important→vital此外：besides→what’smore建议：tip→suggestion2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：I’maregularreaderofyournewspaper.IlikeitsomuchthatIhardlymissanycopy.拓展句：I’maregularreaderofyournewspaper,whichIlikesomuchthatIhardlymissanycopy.【点睛】【高级句型1】Bysimplyturningthepages,Icanknowallimportanteventsthathavehappenedbothhomeandabroad.（运用了动名词作介词宾语，that引导的定语从句）